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INSTITUTE NEWS IIPA—Inspiring Excellence www.iipa.org.in Vol. LXVII No. 08 August 2018 IIPA NEWSLETTER 64 years of excellence in the service of the nation CISOs’ Deep Dive Training on Cyber Security under Cyber Security In collaboration with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and National e-Governance Division (NeGD), a four-day technical training programme on Chief Information Security Officers’ (CISO) Deep Dive under Cyber Security Bharat Initiative was organised from August 1-4, 2018. The objective of the programme was (i) creating awareness on the emerging landscape of cyber threats; (ii) provide in-depth understanding on key activities, new initiatives, challenges and related solutions; (iii) applicable frameworks, guidelines and policies related to cyber security; (iv) share best practices and learn from successes and failures; and (v) provide key inputs to take informed decisions on cyber security related issues in their respective functional areas. Forty-two participants had attended the training programme. Dr. Charru Malhotra coordinated the programme. National Workshop on Consumer Awareness and Protection The Centre for Consumer Studies, Indian institute of Public Administration organised a two- day national workshop on “A Pragmatic Approach to Consumer Awareness and Protection in the Present Scenario” in collaboration with the Citizen Consumer Club of Prince Shri Venkateswara Arts and Science College, Chennai from August 3-4, 2018 at Gowrivakkam, Chennai. The Department of Consumer Affairs, Government of India sponsored the workshop. Dr.M.Uma, Principal of the college gave the welcome address. Smt. S. Madhumathi, IAS, Commissioner, Department of Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection, Government of Tamil Nadu delivered the inaugural address. Prof. Suresh Misra and Dr. Mamta Pathania coordinated the workshop. The IIPA fraternity extends greetings to all its readers for Independence Day, RakshaBandhan and Id-ul-Zuha.

IIPA NEWSLETTER - India Newsletter August- 2018.pdf · IIPA NEWSLETTER/AuguST 2018 3 “The love of one's country is a splendid thing. But why should love stop at the border” -

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InstItute newsIIPA—Inspiring Excellence www.iipa.org.in

Vol. LXVII No. 08 August 2018

IIPA NEWSLETTER64 years of excellence in the service of the nation

CISOs’ Deep Dive Training on Cyber Security under Cyber Security

In collaboration with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology ( M e i t Y ) a n d N a t i o n a l e-Governance Div is ion (NeGD), a four-day technical t raining programme on Chief Information Security Officers’ (CISO) Deep Dive under Cyber Security Bharat Initiative was organised from August 1-4, 2018. The objective of the programme was (i) creating awareness on the emerging landscape of cyber threats; (ii) provide in-depth understanding on key activities, new initiatives, challenges and related solutions; (iii) applicable frameworks, guidelines and policies related to cyber security; (iv) share best practices and learn from successes and failures; and (v) provide key inputs to take informed decisions on cyber security related issues in their respective functional areas. Forty-two participants had attended the training programme. Dr. Charru Malhotra coordinated the programme.

National Workshop on Consumer Awareness and Protection

The Centre for Consumer Studies, Indian

institute of Public Administration organised a two-day national workshop on “A Pragmatic Approach to Consumer Awareness and Protection in the Present Scenario” in collaboration with the Citizen Consumer Club of Prince Shri Venkateswara Arts and Science College, Chennai from August 3-4, 2018 at Gowrivakkam, Chennai. The Department of Consumer Affairs, Government of India sponsored the workshop. Dr.M.Uma, Principal of the college gave the welcome address. Smt. S. Madhumathi, IAS, Commissioner, Department of Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection, Government of Tamil Nadu delivered the inaugural address. Prof. Suresh Misra and Dr. Mamta Pathania coordinated the workshop.

The IIPA fraternity extends greetings to all its readers for Independence Day, RakshaBandhan and Id-ul-Zuha.

2 IIPA NEWSLETTER/AuguST 2018

“He loves his country best who strives to make it best.” -Robert G. Ingersoll

102nd Orientation Training Progamme of District Consumer Forums

The 102nd Orientation Training Programme for the Presidents and Members of the District Consumer Forums was organised by the Centre for Consumer Studies from August 6-10, 2018. It was sponsored by the Department of Consumer Affairs, GoI. Thirty–four Presidents and Members of the District Forums from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh attended the programme. The objective of the programme was to build the capacity of the Presidents and Members of the District Forums to enable the redress mechanism to function effectively. Professor S.S. Singh, Former Vice Chancellor, NLIU, Bhopal inaugurated the programme. The programme was coordinated by Prof. Suresh Misra and Dr. Sapna Chadah.

MCT programme for IRS (C&CE), Phase IIIA four-week mid career training (MCT)

programme of Indian Revenue Service (Customs & Central Excise), Phase III, Batch-I, 2017-18 was organised from August 6, 2018 to August 31, 2018. It was sponsored by the National Academy of Customs, Indirect Taxes & Narcotics, Centre of Excellence, Government of India, New Delhi. The main objectives of the programme were to acquire and update knowledge about the dominant domestic and international issues in the areas of Custom Automation, International Custom Law, International Trade and Customs, Border Enforcement, Regulatory Compliance Management, Maritime Enforcement, Trade facilitation, GST and use of Information Technology, Total Quality Management, Strategic

Communication, and Synergy at Work. The programme was coordinated by Prof. Geethanjali Nataraj, Dr. Surabhi Pandey and Dr. Gadadhara Mohapatra.

International Training Programme on Project Management for Public Works

A three-week International Training Programme on “Project Management for Public Works” was organised from August 20 to September 07, 2018. It was sponsored by the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) Programme, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. The programme was coordinated by Dr. Pawan K. Taneja and Dr. Roma M. Debnath.

Training Programme on Water Quality Management Plan

A three-day training programme on Water Quality Management Plan was organised from August 27 -29, 2018. It was sponsored by the Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment, Forest &

IIPA NEWSLETTER/AuguST 2018 3

“The love of one's country is a splendid thing. But why should love stop at the border” - Pablo Casals

Women Administrators

of Maharashtra

Women Administrators

of Maharashtra

Women Administrators

of Maharashtra

A Study of Women Administrators of the

All India Services of the Maharashtra State Cadre

A Study of Women Administrators of the

All India Services of the Maharashtra State Cadre

Dr. Marina Rita PintoDr. Marina Rita Pinto

Indian Institute of Public Administration

New Delhi 110002

March 2015March 2015

Women Administrators of Maharashtra

Women Administrators of Maharashtra

Dr. M

arin

a R

ita P

into

Dr. M

arin

a R

ita P

into

A DE-FACTO FOURTH TIER OF GOVERNMENT

K.K. PandeySachin Chowdhry

Indian Institute of Public AdministrationI.P. Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-110002

Prof. K.K. Pandey

Prof. K.K. Pandey, an economist with expertise on municipal finance has over three decade of experience on urban finance and management. He is currently a Professor of Urban Management at IIPA with previous experience as Chief Economist HUDCO, Chief (Research & Training) HSMI of HUDCO and Senior faculty at National Institute of Urban Affairs. Prof. Pandey has provided expert advice to multilateral agencies, national government and provincial governments in India, financial institutions and city governments across the country. He has served, in this regard, as member of exert groups, drafting committees, working groups, national delegations, etc. He has several research reports, books, articles to his credit.

Dr. Sachin Chowdhry

Dr. Sachin Chowdhry is Associate Professor at IIPA with specialisation on urban governance and management, public policy analysis and basic services and infrastructure. He also worked with Twelfth Finance Commission and provided professional inputs to various committees/ working group on urban and public administration related issues. Dr. Chowdhry has around 15 years of professional experience. Professional activities of Dr. Chowdhry involves research and training on water supply and sanitation, Metropolitan planning, Evaluation of government of india’s flagship programmes - MNAREGA, Public Distribution System in selected states and Swarna Jayanti Shahri Rojgar Yojana.

How Inclusive are the Panchayats?

The Future Strategy

A Monograph

Nupur Tiwari

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, NEW DELHI

ABOUT THE AUTHORDr. Nupur Tiwari is currently a Faculty member, Rural Administration and Panchayati Raj at the Indian Institute of Public Administration, IIPA, New Delhi. She is also the Coordinator for Centre for Public Policy, Planning and Development, IIPA.

Earlier, she served as Senior Consultant to the former Union Minister of Panchayati Raj, Shri Mani Shankar Aiyar, providing inputs on Local government. She has also served as faculty member at Centre for Rural studies, LBS National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie, where she was involved in training of the Indian Administrative service officers in areas related to Rural Development.

She has worked on Five Major Projects as Project Director, funded by IDRC, Irish Aid, Union Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Ministry of Rural Development and UNDP. She has prepared several Reports for Government of India.

Her current research interests include Decentralization and Local governance (Panchayati Raj), Gender Issues in Informal workforce and Tribal policy.

She has thirty five research papers/Articles published in National and International peer reviewed journals. She has authored three books/ Monographs and has contributed Chapters in eleven volumes. Four books on these issues are forthcoming.

She was a member of Thematic Group on Panchayati Raj and Local-self government constituted by Ministry of DoNER.

She was involved in the Expert Committee for Leveraging Panchayati Raj, Constituted by Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India (November, 2012). She was recently nominated as the Domain Expert for the spot study for PM award for excellence in Public Administration (2014).

Eth

ics, Pro

bity an

d A

ccou

ntab

ility in P

ub

lic Services

Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi

Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi

ETHICS, PROBITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN PUBLIC SERVICES

Editors

M.P. Singh & S.N. Mishra

Foreword by

T. N. Chaturvedi

I�

VOLUME ONE

Reflections on Indian Administration

Volume-I

IIPA

Indian Institute of Public Administration

Reflections on Indian Administration

CONTRIBUTORSSardar Vallabhbhai Patel Pranab MukherjeeDr. Rajendra Prasad Narendra ModiGovind Ballabh Pant A.P.J. Abdul KalamDr S. Radhakrishnan Atal Bihari Vajpayee C. Rajagopalachari Rajiv Gandhi Dr. Zakir Hussain Manmohan SinghJagjivan Ram Asoka Mehta C.D. DeshmukhJohn Matthai V.T. Krishnamachari G.V. Mavalankar Karan SinghP.B.Gajendragadkar Swami Ranganathananda A.D. Gorwala M. Hamid AnsariB. Shiva Rao B.K. Nehru K.L. Shrimali D.R. Gadgil N. Raghavan Pillai T.N. Chaturvedi M. Channa Reddy P.S. AppuC.S. Venkatachar R.P. Khosla P.C. Alexander H.V. KamathN.V. Gadgil Tarlok Singh L.K. Jha B. Sivaraman S.G. Barve L.M. SinghviL.P. Singh Dharma ViraJ.S. Verma V. Jagannadham S. Lall J.N. Khosla B. Venkatappiah V. SubramaniamBalvantray Mehta S.R. Maheshwari

CONTRIBUTORSSardar Vallabhbhai Patel Pranab MukherjeeDr. Rajendra Prasad Narendra ModiGovind Ballabh Pant A.P.J. Abdul KalamDr S. Radhakrishnan Atal Bihari Vajpayee C. Rajagopalachari Rajiv Gandhi Dr. Zakir Hussain Manmohan SinghJagjivan Ram Asoka MehtaMorarji Desai C.D. DeshmukhJohn Matthai V.T. Krishnamachari G.V. Mavalankar Karan SinghP.B.Gajendragadkar Swami Ranganathananda A.D. Gorwala M. Hamid AnsariB. Shiva Rao B.K. Nehru K.L. Shrimali D.R. Gadgil N. Raghavan Pillai T.N. Chaturvedi M. Channa Reddy P.S. AppuC.S. Venkatachar R.P. Khosla P.C. Alexander H.V. KamathN.V. Gadgil Tarlok Singh L.K. Jha B. Sivaraman S.G. Barve L.M. SinghviL.P. Singh Dharma ViraJ.S. Verma V. Jagannadham S. Lall J.N. Khosla B. Venkatappiah V. SubramaniamBalvantray Mehta S.R. Maheshwari

editors

T. ChatterjeeR.K. Tiwari

Making Gurugram a Millennium City

K.K. Pandey Sachin Chowdhry

Sujit Kumar Pruseth

Centre for Urban StudiesIndian Institute of Public Administration

I.P. Estate, New Delhi-110002

G

old

en Jubilee Year 2017

50Centre for Urban Studies

About the Authors KK PandeyProfessor of Urban Management and Coordinator, CUS, IIPA, Ph.D. (Economics – Municipal Fiscal Instruments), Agra University (1996), Advance Course on Urban Management, Birmingham University, UK, 1994, PG Diploma in Urban Development Planning (Financing the Municipal Services), Institute of Housing Studies (IHS), Netherlands, 1985, International Course on Population Studies, University of Hawaii, USA, Online UN-ESCAP course on Municipal Finance April-May, 2000, UN courses on Local Government Management and Leadership. Has 37 years of experience on urban management/governance, finance and housing. Has been a member of seven UN Expert groups, high level missions and committees on urban issues in India and abroad. Also has several publications at his credit drawn from the experience on research, training and advisory services to a range of stakeholders.

Dr. Sachin ChowdhryDr. Sachin Chowdhry, faculty at IIPA since 2005, has been engaged in studies relating to public pol-icies and public service delivery both for national and international agencies. He has conducted stud-ies sponsored by various ministries of Government of India including Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of tribal Af-fairs, Ministry of Steel, etc. and Water and Sanitation Programme, South Asia. He has also published books on urban issues.

Sujit Kumar Pruseth He is currently a faculty member at Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi dealing with urban affairs, public administration and policies. He was earlier a faculty member at National Law School of India University, Bangalore. He completed MA, M.Phil, PhD from JNU, New Delhi. He was trained by UN-HABITAT at Israel. He has served as Member, Kerala State Council of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Kerala. A number of books are to his credit and he contributes regularly to national English dailies.

ADMINISTRATION

FIFTY YEARS OF

EditorT. N. CHATURVEDI

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONINDRAPRASTHA ESTATE, RING ROAD, NEW DELHI - 110002

RETROSPECT &

PROSPECTS

INDIAN

FIFTY

YE

AR

S OF IN

DIA

N A

DM

INIST

RAT

ION

RE

TR

OSPE

CT &

PRO

SPEC

TS

Indian Institute of Public AdministrationNew Delhi-110002

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONIndraprastha Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi -110002

Website:www.iipa.org.in

Volume. LVII-LXII (2011-2016)

CUMULATIVE INDEXTO

INDIAN JOURNAL OFPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

EditorTishyarakshit Chatterjee

Usha Mujoo Munshi

Associate EditorA.K. Nath

TowardsFiscal

DISCIPLINE

indian institute ofpublic administration

Edited by

U.C. Agarwal

The articles in this volume contain views on different aspects of financial management. Authors of the articles had credible knowledge of the financial situation of the country.

Edited byU

.C. A

garwal

Tow

ard

s F

iscal D

iscip

line

U.C. Agarwal IAS (Retd.) was formerly Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC) and prior to that he held several important posts under the Odisha State Government (his cadre state) - and the central government. Posts held under the Central Government included posts of Secretary Ministry of Personnel and Administrative Reforms; Secretary Ministry of Economic Coordination; E s t a b l i s h m e n t O f f i c e r t o t h e Government of India and ex-officio Secretary Appointment Committee of the Union Cabinet.

`200 `100

`450

`200

`250

`450

`450`250

`1495

IIPA PUBLICATIONS

For purchase of books kindly contact:Asstt. Publication Officer, Indian Institute of Public Administration, Indraprastha Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-110002Phone: 011-23468368, Email: [email protected]. Please pay in favour of Director, Indian Institute of Public Administration, Indraprastha Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-110002.

4 IIPA NEWSLETTER/AuguST 2018

news FROM BRAnCHes

“Men love their country, not because it is great, but because it is their own”–Seneca

Climate Change (Environmental Training Unit), Government of India. The programme coordinators were Prof. Vinod K. Sharma and Dr. Shyamli Singh.

Workshop on Consumer Protection and Consumer welfare

The Centre for Consumer Studies in collaboration with HCM Rajasthan State Institute of Public Administration and IIPA Rajasthan Regional Branch organised a two-day workshop on Consumer Protection and Consumer Welfare from August 30-31, 2018 at Jaipur. The Department of Consumer Affairs, Government of India sponsored the workshop. The seminar was inaugurated by the

Ms Mugdha Sinha, IAS, Secretary to Government, Food and Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs Department, Rajasthan. The main objectives of the workshop were to enhance the knowledge and skill of the participants in the area of Consumer Protection and Consumer Welfare; understand the need and importance of Consumer Protection and Welfare and the role of various stakeholders and discuss the legal dimensions of Consumer Protection in different service sectors. More than 50 participants from various parts of Jaipur attended the workshop. Prof. Suresh Misra and Dr. Mamta Pathania coordinated the workshop.

Karnataka Regional BranchThe branch conducted a meeting on August

8, 2018, for the election of office bearers and members of Executive Committee for the period 2018-20. Thereby, Shri S Ramanathan, IAS (Retd.) was unanimously re-elected as the Chairman of the branch for the 15th consecutive term of two years. Similarly, the Vice-Chairman, Shri SV Ranganath, IAS (Retd.), the Secretary, Dr D Jeevan Kumar, and the Treasurer, Shri R Madhwaraj were re-elected unanimously.

J&K Regional Branch The branch organised a panel

discussion on the theme “Uninterrupted Power Supply to Jammu” on August 18, 2018. The panellists were Er Shivdev Singh Kotwal, SE PDD, Er Manhar Gupta, Suptd. Engineer (M&RE) PDD and Er Sanjeev Kumar, General Manager, IRCON. Er DS Pawar, former Member SERC was the moderator of the panel discussion. The function was attended by eminent senior citizens, members of IIPA and employee of PDD.

Maharashtra Regional BranchShri Devendra Fadnavis, Hon’ble

Chief Minister of Maharashtra inaugurated the new premises of the branch on August 27, 2018. The state government has allotted a spacious and well-furnished new premise to the branch at the ground floor, Mantralaya. Since, the fire incident of 2012, the office and the library of the branch was temporarily shifted from Mantralaya. Shri Swadheen Kshatriya, Hon. Chairman of the branch gave the brief account of foundation of the IIPA and also spoke about the activities undertaken by the branch during the inauguration.

IIPA NEWSLETTER/AuguST 2018 5

news FROM tHe CentRe

“One flag, one land, one heart, one hand, Onenation evermore!”-Oliver Wendell Holmes

Burdwan Local Branch The branch conducted a

meeting on June 11, 2018, for the election of office bearers of the new Executive Committee for the period 2018-20. Thereby, Prof. Mohit Bhattacharya was elected as a Chairman and Shri Anurag Srivastava, IAS, DM, Burdwan, Prof Apurba Ratan Ghosh and Prof Arindam Ray were unanimously elected as Vice-Chairmen.

Madurai Local Branch The branch in collaboration

with Post Graduate and Research Department of Economics, The American College, Madurai jointly organised a one-day workshop on Personality Development on August 7, 2018. The event was inaugurated by Dr C Ramasubramanian, Founder, MS Chellamuthu Trust and Research Foundation.

Howrah Local Branch The branch in collaboration with South

Howrah Citizens’ Forum organised a lecture on Sri Aurobindo in 21st century on August 25, 2018 to mark his 46th birth anniversary. Rtn. DK Das, Chairman of the branch presided over the event and Prof. Biswanath Roy, Chairperson of Sri Aurobindo Pathamandir, Kolkata was the Chief Guest.

Swachhata Hi Seva 2018 Campaign With an aim of accelerating the Jan-Andolan

for realizing the vision of a Clean India and further reinforcing the belief that ‘Sanitation is everyone’s

business’, the ‘Swachhata Hi Seva 2018’ a janandolan for Swachhata to be observed in the run-up to the 4th anniversary of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), i.e. from September 15 to October 2, 2018, as the sanitation movement enters its final leg. The SHS 2018 follows the success of the SHS 2017 last year, led by the Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. The SHS will culminate with the Mahatma Gandhi International Sanitation Convention (MGISC) from September 29to October 2,

2018, which also marks the start of 150th birth year celebrations of Mahatma Gandhi.

6 IIPA NEWSLETTER/AuguST 2018

“The essence of patriotism is the sacrifice of personal interest to public welfare.”- William H. Burnham

Important announcement for Members Annual General Body Meeting

The sixty-fourth Annual Meeting of the General Body of the Institute will be held on Friday i.e. October 26, 2018 at 4.30 pm at the premises of IIPA.

Members’ Annual ConferenceThe sixty-second Members’ Annual Conference will be held on

Saturday i.e. October 27, 2018 at 10 am at the premises of IIPA. The theme of the Conference is “Role of Digital Technology in Governance”.

Note: Since all the books/reports/journals to be released during the AGM needs to be pre-approved by the Chairman of the Institute, it is requested that branches must send the hardcopy of the same 2 weeks in advance to the Asstt. Publication Officer of the Publication Section. No last minute request to release the book during the AGM will be entertained if it has not been approved by the Chairman.

Attn. IJPA patronsThe theme based special issue of Indian Journal of Public Administration (IJPA) 2018 will be

printed in two parts i.e., 64.3 and 64.4 and will be separately available. An advisory to the readers of IJPA, especially the buyers of single issues, is in order.

Since the editorial will appear in Part I (September issue) only, the buyers would be well advised to buy both the September (64.3) and December (64.4) issues to have both Part I and Part II of the special issue. Also note that the subscription fee for both the parts of the special issue will be charged as per the rates per issue and there will be no clubbing or reduction in rates, as informed by SAGE Publications.

-IIPA/SAGE

Attn. Members IIPA Members who wish to subscribe to the Indian Journal of Public Administration onwards shall

write to the Assistant Publication Officer, Publication Section on [email protected] furnishing their membership number along with their name and address. The subscription for 1 year plus postage charges will be Rs 1,500, subject to renewal after each year.

IIPA NEWSLETTER/AuguST 2018 7

“A man's feet must be planted in his country, but his eyes should survey the world.” -George Santayana

Shri Dipankar Guha has retired from the post of APO, IIPA on June 4, 2017. Thereby, all regional / local branches are requested to send their news articles/items to be published in the forthcoming newsletter on the official email id: [email protected] of the publication section.

InDIAn InstItute OF PuBLIC ADMInIstRAtIOnInDRAPRAstHA estAte, RInG ROAD, new DeLHI - 110 002tel : 011-23468300 Fax : 011-23702440 email : [email protected] : www.iipa.org.in

Attn. IJPA Subscribers!It is for information to all concerned that M/s. SAGE Publications has been printing the Indian Journal

of Public Administration (IJPA) since the January-March 2017 issue. Those interested to subscribe IJPA are advised to contact: Ms. Komal Mathur, email ID: [email protected] (Tel; 011-40539222 Extn. 405), SAGE Publications for subscription/ circulation related queries.

Editor : Dr. TishyarakshiT ChaTTerjee

Designed by: New United Process, New Delhi-110028, 9811426024

Quotable Quotes• “The greatness of a nation can be judged by the way its animals are

treated.” -Mahatma Gandhi• “Patriotism is a religion, the egg from which wars are hatched.” - Guy

De Maupassant• “It is not power that corrupts but fear.” - Aung San SuuKyi• “Voting is the language of democracy.” - Wade Henderson• “In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.” - Erasmus• “The price of apathy towards public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.”

- Plato• “No nation is fit to sit in judgment upon any other nation.” - Woodrow

Wilson• “A good leader can’t get too far ahead of his followers.” - Franklin D.

Roosevelt • “People buy into the leader before they buy into the vision.” - John

Maxwell• “Corruption is the enemy of development, and of good governance.” -

PratibhaPatil • “It is not enough to win a war; it is more important to organize the peace.”

- Aristotle• “To do great things is difficult; but to command great things is more

difficult.” - Friedrich Nietzsche• “Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent

revolution inevitable.” - John F. Kennedy