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II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010 EARLINET activities: “Saharan dust” EARLINET is an optimal observation tool for Saharan dust events - dust profiling - stations located in Southern Europe - high performance lidar stations - coverage at continental scale to study transport and modification processes - a suitable observing methodology has been established within the network forecasting scheme [DREAM, Skiron] alert (warnings: h) - use of air-mass back-trajectory analysis [German Meteorological Service (DWD/GME Model) and NOAA HYSPLIT] and satellite data analysis (EP/TOMS AI, SeaWiFS AOD, NOAA/AVHRR AOD, MODIS AOD, CALIPSO)
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II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010
EARLINET contribution to SDS-WAS Europe – North Africa regional node
Lucia Mona Istituto di Metodologie per l’Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, Potenza, Italy
II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010
EARLINET● since 2000● 27 lidar stations
● comprehensive, quantitative, and statistically significant data base● Continental and long-term scale● www.earlinet.org
- 10 multiwavelength Raman lidar stations backscatter (355, 532 and 1064 nm) + extinction (355 and 532 nm) + depol ratio (532 nm)- 10 Raman lidar stations - 7 single backscatter lidar stations
II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010
EARLINET activities: “Saharan dust”
EARLINET is an optimal observation tool for Saharan dust events- dust profiling- stations located in Southern Europe- high performance lidar stations - coverage at continental scale to study transport and modification processes- a suitable observing methodology has been established within the network
forecasting scheme [DREAM, Skiron]alert (warnings: 24-48 h)
- use of air-mass back-trajectory analysis [German Meteorological Service (DWD/GME Model) and NOAA HYSPLIT] and satellite data analysis (EP/TOMS AI, SeaWiFS AOD, NOAA/AVHRR AOD, MODIS AOD, CALIPSO)
II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010
26 June 2006 Saharan dust observed over Potenza EARLINET lidar station (PEARL)
MODIS AQUA 2006/177 12:10 UTC
II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010
0
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0.000 0.002 0.004
Potenza, Italy, (40.60°N, 15.73°E), 26 June 2006, 00:56:07 - 01:26:24 UTC
355 532 1064
Back. Coeff.(sr-1km-1)
Hei
ght a
.s.l.
(km
)
0.0 0.1 0.2Ext. Coeff.
(km-1)
0 50 100Lidar Ratio
(sr)
-2 0 2 4
Angströmexponent
0.0 0.5 1.0Depolarization
ratio
26 June 2006 Saharan dust observed over Potenza EARLINET lidar station (PEARL)
MODIS AOD (550 nm) =0.33AERONET@500 nm = 0.25 (Lecce)AERONET@500 nm = 0.3 (Rome)
Potenza, Lidar AOD@532 nm = 0.30 (in the dust layer = 0.25)AOD@355 nm = 0.33 (in the dust layer = 0.25)Typical AOD values @ 355 nm = 0.12 – 0.5 (<0.25>)
II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010
Since May 2000 we have observed more than 400 Saharan dust events
First statistical analysis for Saharan dust observations starting from the first 3 years of operation of the network Papayannis et al., JGR 2008
DREAM Forecast is provided for each EARLINET station through the Barcelona Supercomputing Center
A systematic comparison between DREAM model and lidar observations is currently in progress
A devoted software has been implemented to automatized as much as possible this comparison in order to extend the study to all EARLINET stations but also to other models.
II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010
Among all EARLINET stations, the Potenza station was selected as the one with the largest database of Saharan dust observations to develop a methodology for the comparison.
Comparison for May 2000 – April 2005 period between lidar observations and DREAM forecasts over Potenza.
Potenza EARLINET file : typically 30min as temporal resolution –
vertical resolution 60 m for backscatter 240 for extinction profiles
DREAM profiles: 3h as temporal resolution
Only cases in which a Saharan dust layer is identified in the lidar profiles are compared.
II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010
Comparisons in terms of:
Geometrical propertiesbase, top and center of mass of layers identified above the
PBL determined starting from both EARLINET and DREAM profiles
Extensive propertiesmean backscatter and extinction from lidar profiles and
meanconcentration for DREAM profiles in the identified layers
integrated quantities i.e. Integrated backscatter, optical depth and aerosol load, in the identified layers
Profiles mean profiles of extinction, backscatter and concentration
and their variability correlation coefficient for each identified case between
extinction (or backscatter) and concentration in the identified layer
II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010
2 3 4 5 6 70
10
20
30
40
50
C
ount
s
Layer Base a.s.l. [km]
Lidar Dream BaseLidar = (3.6 ± 0.9) km
BaseDream = (3.2 ± 0.9) km
2 4 6 8 10 12 140
20
40
60
80
100
Lidar Dream
Cou
nts
Layer Top a.s.l. [km]
TopLidar = (8.5 ± 1.8) kmTopDream = (11 ± 2) km
Geometrical properties
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90
10
20
30
40
50
60
Cou
nts
Layer Center of Mass a.s.l. [km]
Lidar Dream
CoMLidar = (4.5 ± 1.2) kmCoMDream = (4.4 ± 1.1) km
II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010
0.0 5.0x10-7 1.0x10-6 1.5x10-6 2.0x10-6 2.5x10-6 3.0x10-6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Cou
nts
Layer mean baackscatter @ 532 nm [m-1 sr-1]
Rinormalized Concentration Backscatter @ 532nm
Linear correlationr = 0.977
0.0 2.0x10-3 4.0x10-3 6.0x10-3 8.0x10-3 1.0x10-2 1.2x10-2 1.4x10-2
0
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Layer integrated backscatter @ 532 nm [sr-1]
Cou
nts
Rinormalized Columnar Concentration Integrated Backscatter @ 532 nm
Linear correlationr = 0.989
Extensive properties
0.0 5.0x10-5 1.0x10-4 1.5x10-4 2.0x10-4
0
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Cou
nts
Layer mean aerosol extinction @ 355 nm [m-1]
RinormalizedConcentration Extinction @ 355 nm
Linear correlationr = 0.79
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.60
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Cou
nts
Optical Depth @ 355 nm
Rinormalized Columnar Concentration Optical Depth @ 355 nm
Linear correlationr = 0.90
II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.0 5.0x10-7 1.0x10-6 1.5x10-6 2.0x10-6 2.5x10-6
0 20 40 60 80 100
Aerosol Concentration [ g m-3]
Aerosol Backscatter Coefficient @ 532 nm
[m-1 sr-1]
Alti
tude
a.s
.l. [k
m]
2
4
6
8
10
0.0 5.0x10-7 1.0x10-6 1.5x10-6 2.0x10-6 2.5x10-6
0 20 40 60 80 100
STD Aerosol Concentration [ g m-3]
STD Aerosol Backscatter Coefficient @ 532 nm
[m-1 sr-1]
Alti
tude
a.s
.l. [k
m]
2
4
6
8
10
0.0 5.0x10-5 1.0x10-4 1.5x10-4 2.0x10-4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
STD Aerosol Concentration [ g m-3]
STD Aerosol Extinction Coefficient @ 355 nm
[m-1]
Alti
tude
a.s
.l. [k
m]
2
4
6
8
10
0.0 5.0x10-5 1.0x10-4 1.5x10-4
0 20 40 60 80
Aerosol Concentration [ g m-3]
Aerosol Extinction Coefficient @ 355 nm
[m-1]
Alti
tude
a.s
.l. [k
m]
Backscatter profiles
Extinction profiles
II GALION workshop - Geneva, Switzerland – September 21-23, 2010
EARLINET Quicklook data related to SD could be made available in near real time
Quantitative comparison with the Dream model will be extended to the whole network
Conversion factors, microphysical properties, intrusion in the PBL
Quantitative/qualitative comparisons with all the other existing models
Quantitative EARLINET data in near real time- Single Calculus Chain is under testing phase - SCC has been already installed at BSC
Planned activities related to SDS-WAS
