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IgniteMikaela Dunn

Hi my names Mikaela Dunn.1

At every age children possess certain literacy skills, although these skills are not as fully developed or conventional. Emergent literacy is the theory that a child acquires some knowledge about language, reading and writing before they enter school.

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Literacy skills begin early and are ongoing throughout life. Whole-Language instruction is similar perspective to emergent literacy. But, believes literacy learning is child-centered. Learning to read is based on a childs life experiences, and experiences at home and school.

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One of the most important of these life experiences is environmental print, which is familiar print found in a childs surroundings. Examples of this are logos, food labels and road signs. Some children as young as two can identify environmental print.

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Before being taught about phonics, theres something called phonemic awareness which comes first. Phonemic awareness is the ability to recognize that words are made up individual speech sounds. These speech sounds are called phonemes. The words chat has 3 phonemes ch, a, ta.

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Another prerequisite to learning phonics is phonological awareness which is being aware of the sound structure of language. It involves identifying larger parts of language such as: whole words, syllables and word chunks.

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Another skill developing while learning about phonological and phonemic awareness is being able to read sight words. Sight words are words found frequently in reading and need to be learned for quick recall. These words have no meaning but hold sentences together.

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Only after developing these essential skills is a child ready to learn about phonics. Phonics involves learning the alphabetic principles of language and knowledge of letter-sound relationships. This is usually taught between 1st and 2nd grade.

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From birth to when a child begins learning about phonics a child is constantly developing language and vocabulary. Language and vocabulary begin to develop from oral language. Developing language is one of the first steps to becoming literate, and it helps make reading and writing possible.

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Language learning is an important part of learning to read. Semantics is the meaning of texts and syntax is language structure. Processing those two skills makes us more adept readers. It has been found that early readers score higher on language tests.

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There are many different theories of language development. One of the most popular theories is Hallidays. Halliday describes language development as a process by which children learn how to mean. He believes that interacting is an important part of developing language.

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Halliday says there are 7 functions of language: the first is instrumental which is used to satisfy a personal need. Regulatory is used to control behaviors of others. Interactional is used to get along with others. Personal is used to talk about them. 12

Then theres heuristic which is using language to learn. Imaginative using language to make believe, and informative which is used to communicate in order to inform someone. This is how language is acquired. Language grows according to a childs need to use it.

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During each age there are different stages of developing language. During the first year of a babys life they communicate by crying, giggling, cooing, and babbling. Towards the end of the first year babies begin to blend sounds and use some words.

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Between the ages of 2 and 3 is where you see the most dramatic jump in language development. Typically a childs oral vocabulary grows from 300 to 100 words. A child can comprehend even more words but can not use them correctly.

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From the age of 4-6 children begin to sound more adult-like. Although their language skills are developing for the most part, many children still have problems pronouncing some sounds. During this stage, children talk a lot and may use language to control situations.

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There are different ways to promote language and vocabulary in the classroom. One way is through play. Allowing children to have free time to play and talk to each other is important. In addition to informal talking children need to learn other structures in which talk should take place.

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Aesthetic talk resolves around childrens literature. During this talk children interpret what they have read. Efferent talk is used to persuade and inform. This talk occurs in discussion of themes being studied. It also occurs in oral presentations such as show-n-tell and debates.

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Teacher-student conversations occur best in small-group settings with about 3-6 children. Its important for children to listen to others during conversation, take turns talking, and keep conversation relevant. The teacher needs to follow the same rules. These are important skills that will be used throughout life.

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So, to review, language, vocabulary, and literacy are dependent on each other. Oral language effects vocabulary which supports development of language. Phonemic and phonological awareness supports grammar which effects reading and writing.

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Language and literacy begins to develop at birth and never stops. When children enter school their knowledge about language continues to grow through play, talking, reading, and writing.

21Citations60 images- google imageshttp://www.brighthubeducation.com/preschool-crafts-activities/79368-letter-l-sound-activities/http://www.triplejane.com/2012_08_01_archive.htmlhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/01/31/super-bowl-ad-preview-gen_n_84214.htmlhttp://pokemonwarehouse.forumotion.com/t11p300-count-to-1000https://www.google.com/search?sa=G&q=guided+math+groups&tbm=isch&tbs=simg:CAQSZRpjCxCo1NgEGgIIAgwLELCMpwgaPAo6CAESFIsCjwKOAqoCpQLZAdoB0gHUAdMBGiDIWmd1SJMFBemGBHaT06-m-G9puIu3qnmqb2hfe3ioOQwLEI6u_1ggaCgoICAESBNCDewIM&ei=1E55Us3YFYq-sQTQ1IGwBg&ved=0CCcQwg4oAA&biw=1280&bih=699

Morrow, Lesley Mandel: Literacy Development in the Early Years. Boston: Pearson Education, 2012. Print.

Martens, Prisca: I Already Know How to Read. Portsmouth: Heinemann, 1996. Print.

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