02 Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)

xylan dissolution increased for both modes. SSF conversion, xylan dissolution, hydrolzate furfural concentration, and hydrolzate inhi- bition increased, while xylan recovery and hydrolzate pH decreased, as a function of increasing LHW pretreatment solids concentration (l- 8%). These results are consistent with the notion that autohydrolysis plays an important, if not exclusive, role in batch hydrothermal pretreatment. Achieving concurrently high (greater than 90%) SSF conversion and xylan recovery will likely require a modified reactor configuration (e.g. continuous percolation or base addition) that better preserves dissolved xylan.

02/01862 Advanced feed systems for gasification of high density slurry fuels from low value feedstocks Hoang, S. L. ef al. Proceedings - Annual Inlernarionul Pirrshurg Coal Cmference, 2000, (17), 649-657. Recent developments in advanced gasification and integrated gasifica- tion combined cycle technology emphasizes the need for more efficient, clean coal-based power plants, EnerTech’s slurry carbonization process offers multi-product gasification opportunities by using low-value feedstocks and waste materials. This technology has been proven to convert low-value feedstocks to a single, pumpable slurry fuel with improved energy content and volatility for better gasification. It limits gasifier dependence on fuel type and increases the flexibility to use multiple feed streams from various sources. The carbonized fuels derived from low-value feedstocks, such as municipal solid waste, municipal sewage sludge, and sawduct, used as alternative fuels, have sufficient energy content compared to bituminous coal. They can also provide consistent, high quality synthesis gas products.

02/01863 Catalytic liquefaction of coal with highly dispersed Fe& impregnated in-situ Hu, H. e/ ul. Proc. - Annu. Int. Pirtshurgh Coal Conf., 2000, (17). 952- 959. Daliuta subbituminous coal, from Shenfu, Shanxi province of China, was liquefied in a 50 ml micro-autoclave apparatus at 440”. initial hydrogen pressure of 6.0 MPa, soaking time of 30 min using a mixture of tetralin and cyclohexane as solvent. The experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of in-situ impregnated Fe2S, on the liquefaction conversion, oil, gas yield of the coal and the aromatic, aliphatic, and polar compounds fraction content in the oil. The effect of surfactant treatment during catalyst impregnated was also studied using hexadecyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide. Several analysing techniques were used to characterize and quantify the coal liquids included gradient elution chromatography (GEC), GC and GC-MS. X- ray diffraction and TEM were used to characterize the catalyst. The results indicated that wtthout catalyst the conversion and oil yield are 43.2 weight % and 37.4 weight %, respectively At the same reaction condition but with the addition of I.0 weight % Fe (based on daf coal), the conversion and oil yield reach 62.6 weight % and 54.2 weight %, respectively When the surfactant was used during the I weight % Fe catalyst impregnation, the conversion and oil yield could be 68.8 and 59.5 weight %, respectively The catalyst is dispersed in nanometer sized particles in amorphous phase which transforms to pyrroholite phase during the liquefaction. The addition of 9.2 x 104M surfactant changes the zeta potenttal of the coal particles from -15 mV to +29 mV, decreases the sizes of catalyst particle on the coal surface from 3040 to 15-20 nm. The oil products arc complex aromatics with two to three rings.

02/01864 Coproduction of electric power and high quality transportation fuels in one facility Gray, D. and Tomlinson, G. Proceedings - Annuul Interncltional Pirrsbrrrgh Coal Conference, 2000, (I 7), 45 l-459. The results of the updated coproduction/cofeed (CoCo) plant analysis for two cases are presented. In the first, both coal and natural gas are used as feedstocks to produce both electric power and Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) liquid fuels. In the second case, the only difference is that the carbon dioxide from the F-T tail gas is recovered and sequestered.

02/01865 Indonesia

Feasibility study on direct coal liquefaction in

Yanai, S. et al. Proc. - Annu. Int. Pirrshurgh Coal Cunf., 2000, (l7), 996-1007. The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organiz- ation and the Agency of the Assessment and Application (BPPT) concluded a Memorandum of Understanding to execute a feasibility study concerning the direct coal liquefaction in Indonesia. The improved Banko coal liquefaction (BCL) process was adopted for the conceptual design in the base of the 50 t/day pilot plant operations and following activities in the Takasago Research Laboratory of Kobe Steel. Ltd. Banko coal can be processed with advanced Kobe Steel’s technology to produce high-grade transportation fuels in the range of 60-63 wt% on daft. The overall construction cost would be US$4.1 billion, while the cost would increase further to about USS5.2 billion if coal gasification is applied. The improved BCL process is expected to

result in a crude oil equiv. price of US$18.6/bbl for hydrogen by natural gas steam reforming, and US$17.8/bbl for hydrogen by coal gasification in 2011. The undergoing feasibility study executed a more detailed study, including evaluation and investigation of coal-field, infrastruc- ture, petroleum market, and gasification characteristics.

02/01866 Fischer-Tropsch process and catalysts for the manufacture of hydrocarbons Manzer, L. M. er al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 01 85,650 (Cl. CO7Cl/O4), I5 Nov 2001, US Appl. PV202.611, 9 May 2000. 26. A Fischer-Tropsch process for producing hydrocarbons, comprising contacting a feed steam containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydro- carbons, where the catalyst comprises cobalt, a catalyst support, and silver. The catalyst may include a promoter. A preferred catalyst comprises cobalt, platinum and/or ruthenium and/or rhenium, and silver supported on a support selected from the group consisting of AIzOa, ZrOz, sulphated ZrOz, WOa-ZrOz, MCM-41, H-Beta, Sylopol SiOz, AIFj, fluorided AlzOa, bentonite, zeolite, TiOz, and SiOz-AlzOa, molecular sieves, and combinations of this.

02/01867 IGCC technology for low grade Indian coals Basu, K. and Ramani, N. V. S. Proceedings - Annuul Internotional Pilrshurgh Coal Conference, 2000, (l7), 1417-1430. BHEL has demonstrated the feasibility of gasifying high ash Indian coals and stable combustion of low BTU gas in gas turbine. Experience indicates that selection and development of reliable subsystem should be given thrust in the higher size demonstration plant. Topics discussed include: the characteristics of Indian coals; clean coal technology; selection of gasification technology; choice of oxidant; BHEL’s gasification development program; integrated gasification combined cycle with moving bed gasifier; development of pressurized tluidized bed gasification pilot scale (PFBG); 168 TPD PFBG plant; and future development for gasification and IGCC technologies.

02/01868 Liquefaction of brown coal by rubber-degrading micro-organisms Fuechtenbusch, B. cl al. Ger. Offen. DE 10,009.696 (Cl. CIZNl/OO), I3 Dee 2001, Appl. 10,090,696, 29 Feb 2000. 8. (In Germany) Rubber-degrading (polyisoprene-degrading) microorganisms, es- pecially actinomycetes such as Mycohcrcrerium ,for/trirum NF4, Micro- monospora auranlicrca W2b, Gordonia polyisoprenivorms Kd2, Gordonia sp. Kb2, and Gordonia sp. VH2, are used to liquefy brown coal without an additional carbon source but with addition of minerals. This cost-effective liquefaction is achieved in half the time previously required for bioprocessing.

02/01869 Manufacture of composite liquid fuel Tomilov, V. er al. Russ. RU 2,151,959 (Cl. F23K5/10), 27 Jun 2000, Appl. 99,lIl,904, 8 Jun 1999. (In Russian) A method for the manufacture of a liquid composite fuel involves production of a coal-water slurry obtained by mixing of pulverized coal with water, mixing of the slurry with 2 1 liquid fuel component, and optionally a colloid solution obtained by mixing of ground peat with water. All components are mixed in any proportion. The method provides a liquid fuel of a desired calorific value, ash content. S content, and/or ignition temperature irrespective of varying properties of its components. The fuel is suitable for power generation.

02/01870 Mathematical modeling of low temperature methanol synthesis in a bubble slurry reactor Zhao, Y. e/ al. Proc. - Ann. Inr. Pirrshurgh Cool Cmf., 2000, (l7), 2079-2085. Computer simulation of the low temperature methanol synthesis via Me formate in the bubble slurry reactor was performed for the gas phase a plug flow model was assumed whereas the slurry phase was described by unmixed liquid model. The effect of various operating conditions which included temperature pressure superficial gas velocity and catalyst concentration on the reactor productivity were studied. The computer model maybe assists in the development scale-up and commercialization of the liquid phase methanol synthesis process in a bubble column reactor. Results of the calculations and conclusions could be interesting and valid not only for the laboratory reactor but also for the designing of industrial plants.

02/01871 NEDOL coal liquefaction development for supplying transportation fuels Wasaka, S. et al. Proc. Annu. ht. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 2000, (l7), 964-971. The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organiz- ation (NEDO) was proceeding with development of coal liquefaction technology as part of the ‘New Sunshine Programs’ planned by the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, a division of the Ministry

244 Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 2002