If you are using Visual Studio 2010 - Cengage Introduction to Programming with C++, ... If you are using Visual Studio 2010, ... Your dialog box will look slightly different if you

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An Introduction to Programming with C++, Sixth Edition (0538466529) Appendix D

This appendix contains the instructions for using Microsoft Visual C++ 2010, which is a full-

featured Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for the C++ language. Visual C++ 2010 is

available as a stand-alone product, called Visual C++ 2010 Express Edition, or as part of Visual

Studio 2010. At the time of this writing, you can download a free copy of Visual C++ 2010

Express Edition at www.microsoft.com/express/Downloads/#2010-Visual-CPP.

To start Visual Studio 2010 or Visual C++ Express Edition:

1. Click the Start button on the Windows 7 taskbar and then point to All Programs.

2. If you are using Visual Studio 2010, click Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 on the All

Programs menu and then click Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. If the Choose Default

Environment Settings dialog box appears, click Visual C++ Development Settings and

then click Start Visual Studio.

If you are using Visual C++ 2010 Express Edition, click Microsoft Visual Studio 2010

Express on the All Programs menu and then click Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Express.

3. A copyright screen appears momentarily, and then either the Microsoft Visual Studio window

or the Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Express window opens. Click Window on the menu bar,

then click Reset Window Layout, and then click the Yes button.

4. If necessary, select the Close page after project load and Show page on startup check

boxes on the Start Page. When you start the Professional Edition of Visual Studio 2010, your

screen will appear similar to Figure D-1. (If you are using a different edition of Visual Studio

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2010, your startup screen might look slightly different than the one shown in Figure D-1.)

When you start the Express Edition of Visual C++ 2010, on the other hand, your screen will

appear similar to Figure D-2.

Important note: To select a different window layout, click Tools on the menu bar, click

Import and Export Settings, select the Reset all settings radio button and then click the Next

button. Select the appropriate radio button in the Save Current Settings pane, click the Next

button, click the preferred collection of settings (such as Visual C++ Development Settings),

and then click the Finish button. Click the Close button.

Figure D-1 Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Professional startup screen

be sure these check boxes are selected

Auto Hide button

Toolbox window

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Figure D-2 Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Express startup screen

Next, you will set some options so that your screen agrees with the figures and instructions in

this appendix.

To set the appropriate options:

1. If you are using Visual C++ 2010 Express Edition, click Tools on the menu bar, point to

Settings, and then click Expert Settings (if necessary) to select it.

2. Click Tools on the menu bar and then click Options to open the Options dialog box.

3. Click the Projects and Solutions node. Use the information shown in Figure D-3 to select

and deselect the appropriate check boxes. (Your dialog box will look slightly different if you

are using the Express Edition.) When you are finished, click the OK button to close the

Options dialog box.

be sure these check boxes are selected

Auto Hide button

Toolbox window

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Figure D-3 Completed Options dialog box

Managing the Windows in the IDE

Usually, you will find it easier to work in the IDE if you either close or auto-hide the windows

you are not currently using. The easiest way to close an open window is to click the Close button

on the window’s title bar. In most cases, the View menu provides an appropriate option for

opening a closed window. Rather than closing a window, you also can auto-hide it. You auto-

hide a window using the Auto Hide button (shown earlier in Figures D1 and D2) on the window’s

title bar. The Auto Hide button is a toggle button: clicking it once activates it, and clicking it

again deactivates it. The Toolbox windows in Figures D1 and D2 are auto-hidden. In the next set

of steps, you will close the windows that you will not need. You also will practice auto-hiding and

displaying the Solution Explorer window.

To manage the windows in the IDE:

1. Place your mouse pointer on the Toolbox tab. When the Toolbox window slides into view,

click the Close button on its title bar.

select these five check boxes and deselect the others

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2. If the Document Outline tab appears in the IDE, place your mouse pointer on the tab and

then click the Close button on the window’s title bar.

3. If the Server Explorer tab appears in the IDE, place your mouse pointer on the tab and then

click the Close button on the window’s title bar.

4. If necessary, close the following windows by clicking their tabs and then clicking the Close

button on their title bars: Class View, Property Manager, Team Explorer, Code Definition,

Output, and Server Explorer.

5. If the Solution Explorer window is not open in the IDE, click View on the menu bar and then

click Solution Explorer.

6. Click the Auto Hide (vertical pushpin) button on the Solution Explorer window’s title bar to

auto-hide the window.

7. Place your mouse pointer on the Solution Explorer tab and then click the Auto Hide

(horizontal pushpin) button on the window’s title bar to permanently display the window.

Creating a Console Application

Applications created in either Visual Studio 2010 or Visual C++ 2010 Express are composed of

solutions, projects, and files. A solution is a container that stores the projects and files for an

entire application. A project also is a container, but it stores files associated with that particular

project. Although the idea of solutions, projects, and files may sound confusing, the concept of

placing things in containers is nothing new to you. Think of a solution as being similar to a

drawer in a filing cabinet. A project then is similar to a file folder that you store in the drawer,

and a file is similar to a document that you store in the file folder. You can place many file

folders in a filing cabinet drawer, just as you can place many projects in a solution. You also can

store many documents in a file folder, similar to the way you can store many files in a project.

Figure D-4 illustrates this analogy.

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Figure D-4 Illustration of a solution, project, and file Although you can create many different types of C++ applications, the applications you will

create in this book are C++ console applications. A console application is a program that runs in

a Command Prompt window.

To create a C++ console application:

1. Click File on the menu bar, point to New, and then click Project. The New Project dialog

box opens.

2. If necessary, click Visual C++ in the list of Installed Templates, and then (if necessary) click

Win32 Console Application in the middle column of the dialog box.

3. If necessary, deselect the Create directory for solution check box.

4. Change the name in the Name box to MyFirstProject. Click the Browse button, which

appears next to the Location box, to open the Project Location dialog box. Locate and then

click the Cpp6 folder. See Figures D-5 and D-6.

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Figure D-5 Completed New Project dialog box in Visual Studio 2010

Figure D-6 Completed New Project dialog box in Visual C++ 2010 Express

your drive letter might be different

your drive letter might be different

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5. Click the OK button to close the New Project dialog box. The Win32 Application Wizard

dialog box appears and displays the Welcome to the Win32 Application Wizard pane. Verify

that the Console application radio button is selected, and then click the Next button to

display the Application Settings pane. Select the Empty project check box. See Figure D-7.

Figure D-7 Completed Win32 Application Wizard dialog box

6. Click the Finish button. The computer creates a solution and adds a Visual C++ project to

the solution. It also records the names of the solution and project, as well as other

information pertaining to the project, in the Solution Explorer window. See Figure D-8.

Figure D-8 Solution and project names shown in the Solution Explorer window

this radio button should be selected

select this check box

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To add a new source file to an open project:

1. Right-click the Source Files folder in the Solution Explorer window. Point to Add and then

click New Item to open the Add New Item dialog box. Click C++ File (.cpp) in the middle

column of the dialog box. Change the name entered in the Name box to

MyFirstSourceFile. Figure D-9 shows the completed dialog box in Visual Studio 2010.

Your dialog box will look slightly different if you are using the Express Edition.

Figure D-9 Completed Add New Item dialog box in Visual Studio 2010

2. Click the Add button to close the Add New Item dialog box. The computer adds an empty

C++ source file to the project. It also records the file’s name (MyFirstSourceFile.cpp) in the

Solution Explorer window. See Figure D-10.

select this template

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Figure D-10 Source file added to the project

Although you don’t need to add an existing source file to the current project, the following steps

show you how to accomplish that task.

To add an existing source file to an open project:

1. Right-click the Source Files folder in the Solution Explorer window. Point to Add and then

click Existing Item to open the Add Existing Item dialog box.

2. Locate and then click the name of the file you want to add to the project, and then click the

Add button.

source filename

source filename

insertion point

you can use this list box to increase/decrease the size of the font used in the source file’s window

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Entering C++ Program Instructions

In the next set of steps, you will enter some C++ program instructions in the source file’s editor

window. Do not be concerned if you do not understand the instructions. The instructions are

explained in Chapter 4.

To enter C++ program instructions in the source file’s editor window:

1. Auto-hide the Solution Explorer window. Doing this allows you to view more of the source

file’s editor window.

2. Enter the C++ program instructions shown in Figure D-11 in the MyFirstSourceFile.cpp

window. Be sure to use the exact capitalization and punctuation shown in the figure. The

asterisk on the MyFirstSourceFile.cpp tab indicates that the changes made to the file have

not been saved.

Figure D-11 C++ instructions entered in the editor window

asterisk

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3. Save the program. You can do so by clicking File on the menu bar and then clicking Save

All. Or, you can click the Save All button on the standard toolbar.

Important note: If you prefer to use the buttons on the standard toolbar, it’s best to use the

Save All button and not the Save button. This is because the Save button saves only the changes

made to the item selected in the Solution Explorer window. For example, when the source

filename is selected, the Save button saves only the changes made to the source file. Similarly,

when the project name is selected, only changes made to the files included in the project are

saved. The tooltip box that appears when you rest your mouse pointer on the Save button

indicates the files that will be saved. In this case, the tooltip box will say “Save

MyFirstSourceFile.cpp” when the source file’s name is selected in the Solution Explorer window,

“Save MyFirstProject” when the project’s name is selected, and “Save MyFirstProject.sln” when

the solution’s name is selected.

Running a C++ Program

Before you run a C++ program, you need to save it and then build it. Building a C++ program

involves compiling the source code into object code and then invoking the linker program to link

the object code to other machine code necessary for the program to run. (You will learn about

the compiler and linker programs in Chapter 4.)

To run a C++ program:

1. Save the program (if necessary).

2. Click Build on the menu bar and then click Build Solution. (If you are using Visual C++

2010 Express Edition and do not have the Build menu, click Tools on the menu bar, point to

Settings, and then click Expert Settings.) The compiler translates the source code into object

code, and the linker links the object code with other machine code. If your program does not

contain any errors, the “Build succeeded” message appears in the lower-left corner of the

Output window. In addition, the Output window displays the message “Build: 1 succeeded, 0

failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped”. See Figure D-12. The messages indicate that the program

was built (compiled and linked) successfully.

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Important note: If the compiler found errors in your program, carefully compare your

code with the code shown in Figure D-11. Make any needed corrections and then repeat Steps

1 and 2.

Figure D-12 Status messages shown in the Output window

3. Click Debug on the menu bar and then click Start Without Debugging. The program’s

output appears in a Command Prompt window, as shown in Figure D-13.

Figure D-13 Program output appears in a Command Prompt window

Important note: Be sure to use the Start Without Debugging option rather than the Start

Debugging option. If you use the Start Debugging option, the editor will not automatically

display the “Press any key to continue” message in the Command Prompt window. Instead,

the window will close immediately after the program output is displayed. If you want to use

the Start Debugging option, you will need to enter the system(“pause”); statement above the

return 0; statement in the program.

4. You can change the color of the Command Prompt window’s background and text to make

the display clearer. Right-click the Command Prompt window’s title bar and then click

Properties. Click the Colors tab. Select the Screen Text radio button and then click the

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black square. Click the Screen Background radio button and then click either the light

gray square or the white square.

5. You also can change the font used to display the text in the Command Prompt window. Click

the Font tab. Click Lucida Console in the list of fonts and then select the Bold fonts

check box. Click 20 in the Size list box and then click the OK button. See Figure D-14.

Figure D-14 Result of changing some of the Command Prompt window’s properties

6. Press Enter (or any key) to close the Command Prompt window.

7. Close the Output window by clicking the Close button on its title bar.

Displaying Line Numbers in the Editor Window

At times, it’s helpful to display lines numbers in the editor window.

To display lines numbers in the editor window:

1. Click Tools on the menu bar and then click Options to open the Options dialog box.

2. Expand the Text Editor node (if necessary) and then click C/C++. Select the Line numbers

check box. See Figure D-15.

Figure D-15 Options dialog box

select this check box

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3. Click the Ok button to close the Options dialog box. See Figure D-16.

Figure D-16 Line numbers in the editor window

Debugging a C++ Program

As you will learn in Chapter 4, the errors in a program are called bugs, and the process of

locating and correcting a program’s bugs is called debugging. Many program bugs are caused by

syntax errors. A syntax error occurs when you break one of the programming language’s rules,

such as typing cut rather than cout. In the next set of steps, you will introduce two syntax errors

into the current program. You then will learn how to locate and correct the errors.

To introduce two syntax errors in the current program and then debug the program:

1. Change cout in Line 8 to cut. Also delete the semicolon that appears at the end of Line 9. See

Figure D-17.

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Figure D-17 Two errors in the MyFirstSourceFile.cpp program

2. Save the program. Click Build on the menu bar and then click Build Solution. The Error

List window indicates that the program contains 4 errors. Double-click the first error

message in the Error List window. See Figure D-18.

Figure D-18 Errors listed in the Error List window

3. The editor displays an arrow at the location where the error was encountered in the program.

In this case, the arrow is pointing to the statement on Line 8. The error message indicates

second error

first error

arrow

Error List window

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that the word “cut” is undeclared. This simply means that the compiler does not recognize

the word. Change cut in Line 8 to cout.

4. Save and then build the program. The Error List window indicates that the program now

contains 2 errors. Double-click the first error message in the Error List window. See

Figure D-19.

Figure D-19 Remaining errors listed in the Error List window

5. The error message indicates that a semicolon is missing before the word “return”. Although

the error message and arrow refer to Line 10, it’s the instruction in Line 9 that caused the

error. Recall that you deleted the semicolon at the end of that line. Type ; (a semicolon) at the

end of Line 9.

6. Save and then build the program. The Output window indicates that the build was successful.

7. Finally, click Debug on the menu bar and then click Start Without Debugging to run the

program. Press any key to close the Command Prompt window.

8. Close the Output window.

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Printing a C++ Program

In this section, you will learn how to print your program instructions.

To print a program’s instructions:

1. Click File on the menu bar and then click Print to open the Print dialog box. If the Include

line numbers check box is selected, line numbers will be printed even if they do not appear in

the editor window. If the Include line numbers check box is not selected, no line numbers

will appear on the printout, even though they may appear in the editor window.

2. Select the Include line numbers checkbox. If your computer is connected to a printer,

click the OK button to begin printing; otherwise, click the Cancel button.

Closing the Current Solution

You close a solution using the Close Solution option on the File menu. Be sure to use the Close

Solution option and not the Close option. The Close option on the File menu does not close the

solution; instead, it closes only the editor window.

To close the current solution:

1. Click File on the menu bar and then click Close Solution.

2. Temporarily display the Solution Explorer window to verify that the entire solution is closed.

Opening an Existing Solution

You can use the File menu to open an existing solution. If a solution is already open in the IDE,

it is closed before another solution is opened.

To open the MyFirstProject solution:

1. Display the Solution Explorer window. Click File on the menu bar, point to Open, and then

click Project/Solution to open the Open Project dialog box.

2. Locate and then open the Cpp6\MyFirstProject folder. Click MyFirstProject.sln in the list

of filenames and then click the Open button. If necessary, double-click the name of the

.cpp file in the Solution Explorer window to open the file in the editor.

Documents

If you are using Visual Studio 2010 - Cengage Introduction to Programming with C++, ... If you are using Visual Studio 2010, ... Your dialog box will look slightly different if you