Institute of European StudiesFall 2016 N

ewsletter

Dear Friends of the Institute of E

uropean Studies,

It is w

ith great pleasure that I am sending you our Fall 2016 new

slet-ter, m

ade with the assistance of our team

of undergraduate reporters led by Lauren D

ooley. The surprising outcome of the B

rexit referendum in the

UK

and the recent rejection of Italian Prim

e Minister R

enzi’s referendum

has created much uncertainty about the future of the E

U. W

ith important

elections coming up in the N

etherlands, France and Germ

any, the following

months w

ill reveal the extent to which the anti-E

U sentim

ent has grown.

Equally concerning is the future of transatlantic relations under the new

US

adm

inistration.

The many challenges E

urope currently faces underline once more

how im

portant it is for our University to have a strong Institute of E

uropean S

tudies. We are especially proud of our student groups, including the un-

dergraduate EU

Student A

mbassador group at U

C B

erkeley, which, under

the leadership of Nancy H

anzhuo Zhang, encourages peers to learn more

about the importance of the E

U and its m

any programs for young people. In

the context of our Getting to K

now E

urope Program

sponsored by the Eu-

ropean Com

mission, IE

S also supports an E

U S

tudent Am

bassador group at B

erkeley City C

ollege led by Diego P

arada. Both groups have organized

several joint projects during the past semester. I also w

ant to mention the

excellent work of our affiliated graduate student w

orking groups, including the E

uropean Politics W

orking Group under the direction of K

onrad Posch,

the Der K

reis group in Germ

an history led by Maelia D

uBois, and the IE

S/

Matrix S

ocial Science G

raduate Discussion G

roup under the direction of E

lena Kem

pf, whose m

onthly meetings serve as preparation for the annual

IES

graduate student conference on the topic “Questioning the E

vidence on the Integration of Im

migrants in E

urope.”

The highlights of the semester w

ere the visits of Matthias Fekl,

French Secretary of S

tate in charge of Foreign Trade, Tourism and repre-

senting French Citizens A

broad who spoke about U

S-France and -E

U trade

relations; Máirtín Ó

Muilleoir, M

inister of Finance of the Northern Ireland

Assem

bly who cam

e to speak about the consequences of Brexit for N

orth-ern Ireland and its relationship w

ith the Republic of Ireland; D

ie Zeit-jour-nalist W

olfgang Bauer, w

ho, in cooperation with the G

oethe Institute, came

to discuss his recent book Crossing the S

ea with S

yrians; Celia A

pplegate, the W

illiam R

. Kenan, Jr. C

hair of History at Vanderbilt U

niversity who gave

this year’s Gerald D

. and Norm

a Feldman Lecture on the topic of “M

usic and W

ork”; and the Startup E

urope event, which w

as co-organized with the

Berkeley R

oundtable on the International Econom

y (BR

IE) and E

IT Digital.

With the support of M

s. Norm

a von Ragenfeld-Feldm

an, the DA

AD

,

the Am

erican Council on G

ermany and the D

aimler Foundation, our C

enter for G

erman and E

uropean Studies brought a num

ber of prominent speak-

ers to the Institute, including Nicholas S

targardt (Univ. of O

xford), Michael

Hüther (C

ologne Inst. for Econom

ic Research), P

aul Nolte (Freie U

niversi-tät B

erlin), Pam

ela Potter (U

niversity of Wisconsin-M

adison), Jan Techau (R

ichard C. H

olbrooke Forum, B

erlin), Eckhard S

chroeter (Zeppelin Univer-

sity), Timo Lochocki (G

erman M

arshall Fund), Rita C

hin (Univ. of M

ichigan), N

athan Stolzfus (Florida S

tate University) and Jonathan W

iesen (Southern

Illinois University), w

ho presented on topics as diverse as the rise of right-w

ing populism in E

urope and the US

, Germ

any under the Nazi dictatorship,

Germ

any’s imm

igration policy, and the current state of the Germ

an econ-om

y. In the context of CG

ES

, IES

affiliated faculty mem

ber Jonah Levy (P

olitical Science) organized a D

AA

D-S

cience Po/P

aris-Berkeley C

onfer-ence on S

ocial Solidarity, featuring presentations by fifteen professors and

PhD

-students from E

urope and UC

Berkeley. Thanks to our cooperation

with the A

ustrian Marshall Fund, IE

S w

as also able to organize a lectures given by M

ichael Freund (Webster U

niversity) on Austria’s controversial im

-m

igration policy and Georg K

astner (Andrássy U

niversity, Budapest) on the

role of Central E

uropean artists in the rise of the Hollyw

ood film industry.

Our E

U C

enter also presented a broad range of events. As part of

the “Getting to K

now E

urope” series, the Center hosted lectures by Jason

Wittenberg (U

C B

erkeley Political S

cience), who discussed the future of

transatlantic relations under the incoming U

S adm

inistration; Thomas K

ies (B

erkeley City C

ollege), who highlighted the developm

ent of EU

-focused activities at A

merican com

munity colleges; Yaniss A

iche and Wim

Vanden-berghe (S

heppard Mullin), w

ho presented on the EU

Court of Justice; Lena

Tsipouri (Univ. of A

thens), who offered insight into regional developm

ent trends in the E

U; N

ilgun Bayraktar (C

alifornia College of the A

rts), who ad-

dressed the visual representation of mobility and m

igration to Europe; and

Terri Givens (M

enlo College), w

ho discussed anti-discrimination policy in

Europe and the U

nited States.

The Irish Studies P

rogram held a variety of events in the Fall 2016.

In late October, the program

gathered for “An E

vening of Stories for E

ddie S

tack.” Stack, a beloved lecturer in Irish in the C

eltic Studies P

rogram, died

in 2016, and the event featured stories by and about him delivered by his

students, colleagues, friends, and family. A

lso in late October, the program

hosted M

áirtín Ó M

uilleoir, the current Minister of Finance in the N

orthern Ireland A

ssembly. M

inister Ó M

uilleoir, the former Lord M

ayor of Belfast,

delivered a rousing talk on the ramifications on B

rexit for Northern Ireland.

From Left to R

ight: IES

Manager G

ia W

hite, IE

S A

ssociate Director A

ka

se

mi N

ew

-

so

me, E

U C

enter Assistant D

irector De

olin

da

Ad

ão, IE

S D

irector Je

ro

en

De

wu

lf

2

In early Novem

ber, the program hosted a w

onderful reading by the eminent

Irish poet, Trevor Joyce. The final event of the semester w

as entitled “Re-

framing 1916,” w

hich included a screening of the award-w

inning documentary

on the Easter R

ising, 1916 The Irish Rebellion, and a conversation w

ith the film

’s executive producers, Christopher Fox and B

ríona Nic D

hiarmada. The

Irish Studies P

rogram also announced new

fellowships for B

erkeley under-graduate and graduate students w

ho wish to study or undertake research in

Ireland in Sum

mer 2017.

This fall, the Center for B

ritish Studies (C

BS

) continued its series of w

orkshops, which brought together scholars w

ho study issues related to Brit-

ish and European governance. In O

ctober, CB

S convened scholars from

the U

S, U

K, A

ustralia and Denm

ark for “Interpreting the English S

chool in Inter-national R

elations,” which exam

ined a range of topics related to a prominent

British approach to the study of international politics. C

BS

also supported and sponsored a range of other B

ritish-studies related events on campus, includ-

ing the 24th Annual C

onference of the North A

merican S

ociety for the Study

of Rom

anticism (w

hich was held at B

erkeley this year), the Underhill Lec-

ture, Niall Ferguson’s reflections on B

rexit, and several other workshops and

meetings on topics such as B

ritish imperialism

, post-colonialism, and neolib-

eralism and the B

ritish Left.

The Nordic S

tudies Program

hosted a literary evening with D

anish author Josefine K

lougart. It also organized a joint lecture by Maths R

einhold B

ertell (Mid-S

weden U

niversity) and Galit H

asan-Raken (H

ebrew U

niversi-ty of Jerusalem

) on the Saam

i and Jewish m

inorities in Nordic countries. In

cooperation with the U

C B

erkeley Clausen C

enter, IES

visiting scholar Hilm

ar H

ilmarsson (U

niv. of Akureyri, Iceland) presented his research on the eco-

nomic crisis response in the N

ordic and Baltic countries.

In Septem

ber, the BE

NE

LUX

Program

welcom

ed a delegation from the

University of Luxem

bourg to the Berkeley cam

pus, hosting a lecture given by historian A

ndreas Fickers on the Luxembourg m

edia and the role of tech-nology in m

aking modern E

urope. Ulrich Tiedau (U

niversity College London)

also presented on the foundation of Dutch S

tudies and Belgian S

tudies in the A

nglophone world in O

ctober.

The Portuguese S

tudies Program

organized a lecture featuring Fer-nanda G

il Costa from

the Portuguese S

tudies Program

at the University of

Macau w

ho spoke about Macau’s role as the last E

uropean outpost in China,

while the S

panish Studies P

rogram hosted, in cooperation w

ith the Institut R

amon Llull, a lecture by S

alvador Cardús i R

os (University A

utònoma, B

ar-celona) on the topic of identity in the current debate confronting C

atalonia and S

pain. Finally, the Program

for the Study of Italy organized a tw

o-day event on the Italian film

maker A

ntonello Branca.

The organization of so many exciting events w

ould not have been pos-sible w

ithout the support of my colleagues D

eolinda Adão, M

akoto Fukumoto,

Katie K

uruc, Akasem

i New

some, N

athan Pippenger, B

randon Schneider, S

ir-pa Tuom

ainen, and Gia W

hite. We say goodbye to K

atie, the coordinator of our French S

tudies Program

, who is leaving us for another m

ajor university in the S

an Francisco Bay A

rea. My thanks also go to our senior fellow

s, David

Clay Large, M

artin Nettesheim

, Marianne R

iddervold, Carla S

hapreau, Gilad

Sharvit, and Zachary S

hore, as well as to our E

U Fellow

, Helena M

alikova. I am

also grateful to our UR

AP

s – Jaqueline Boland, Lauren D

ooley, Pu Jin,

Hannah M

ori, Sarah N

ordahl, Jasmine S

chatz, Ziang Zhou and Madeline

Zimring – for their help during the sem

ester. I would also like to w

elcome tw

o new

mem

bers to our IES

Advisory B

oard: Rita B

ral, former honorary consul

of Belgium

, and Terri E. G

ivens, Provost at M

enlo College.

In this newsletter, you w

ill find an overview of the events that w

ere organized by our Institute, a report by Ziang Zhou on the G

uerra Civil @

80 exhibit, w

hich is currently on display in Doe Library; and an article by P

hD

candidate Elyse R

itchey detailing her fascinating research on the Occitan

language in France. If you regret to have missed som

e of our events, please check out IE

S’ YouTube C

hannel, where you w

ill find a selection of our lec-tures. W

e are looking forward to the upcom

ing semester, w

hich will include

the inauguration of GH

I West, the W

est Coast branch of the G

erman H

is-torical Institute that w

ill be based at our Institute. The preparations for many

more events are already underw

ay. We are proud to offer you all these

events at no charge. As alw

ays, however, w

e appreciate any support you can give to help us sustain our high quality interdisciplinary program

ming on E

u-rope. To donate, please consult our w

ebsite, or contact me personally, and I

would be pleased to tell you m

ore about the Institute’s funding opportunities, including our upcom

ing Fundraising Dinner on A

pril 4, which w

ill feature a lecture by distinguished speaker Jackson Janes on the rise of populism

in E

urope and the US

.

I wish you all a pleasant w

inter break and hope to welcom

e you again to one of our events at IE

S in 2017.

With kindest regards and m

y very best wishes for the new

year,Jeroen D

ewulf

IES

Students w

ith IES

Director J

ero

en

De

wu

lf and Ka

tie K

uru

c, coordinator of the French S

tudies Program

3

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

2015-16 Foreign Language and Area Studies (FLA

S) Fellowship R

ecipients 2015-16 G

rant Recipients

Academ

ic Year 2015-2016:M

argaret Cychosz, D

ept. of LinguisticsLanguage: P

ortuguese

Thadeus Dow

ad, Dept. of A

rt History

Language: Turkish

Dylan Fagan, D

ept. of Anthropology

Language: Dutch

Jonathan Lear, Dept. of H

istoryLanguage: G

erman

Rebecca Levitan, D

ept. of Art H

istoryLanguage: G

reek

Marcus O

wens, D

ept. of Architecture

Language: Germ

an

Sandra S

ardjono, Dept. of A

rt History

Language: Dutch

Andrew

Sears, D

ept. of Art H

istoryLanguage: G

erman

Trent Trombley, D

ept. of Anthropology

Language: Portuguese

Summ

er 2016:H

annah Bagdasar, D

ept. of Legal Studies

Language: Finnish

Jess Bailey, D

ept. of Art H

istoryLanguage: D

utch

Rachel B

osnyak, Dept of S

candinavianLanguage: Finnish

Thadeus Dow

ad, Dept. of A

rt History

Language: Turkish

Elizabeth G

ipson, Dept. of C

eltic Studies

Language; Celtic

Marlena G

ittleman. D

ept. of Com

parative LiteratureLanguage: C

atalan

Jameson K

arns. Dept. of H

istoryLanguage: G

erman

Sean Law

rence, Dept. of H

istoryLanguage: Turkish

Elizabeth M

cBride: S

chool of Education

Langauge: Finnish

Marcus O

wens, D

ept. of Architecture

Language: Germ

an

Brianna P

anasenco, Dept. of S

candinavianLanguage: Finnish

Jose Patino-R

omero. D

ept. of Spanish and P

ortugueseLangauge: P

ortuguese

Jessica Ruffin. D

ept. of LinguisticsLanguage: G

erman

Scott S

hell. Dept. of G

erman

Language: Icelandic

Delia N

eyra Tercero: Dept. of S

panish and Portuguese

Langauge: Portuguese

Predissertation and Dissertation Fellow

ships:M

akoto Fukumoto – D

ept. of Political S

cienceThe E

ffect of Regional A

utonomy on Local E

conomic P

olicy: C

omparative Field R

esearch in Belgian and D

utch Subnation-

al Regions

Thomas G

ilbert – Dept. of S

ociologyC

ultural Sublim

ation and State Form

ation in Nineteenth C

en-tury G

ermany

Jessica Goddard – E

nergy and Resources G

roupE

conomic Valuation of N

atural System

s in the Germ

an and U

K C

ases

Agnieszka S

melkow

ska – Dept. of H

istoryB

etween P

eople’s Revenge and S

ocialist Justice: Polish and

Soviet Volksdeutsche betw

een 1944 and 1950

Gloria Yu – D

ept. of History

Psychiatry, P

hiliosophy, and Formations of the S

ubject in P

russia, 1750-1850

Marcus O

wens – Landscape A

rchitecture and Environm

ental P

lanningFrom

Citizen to U

ser: New

Media, P

ublic Space, and U

rban E

cology

Yotam Tsal – D

ept. of History

From N

ature to Natural H

istory: The Production of “D

ead B

irds” in the Eighteenth C

entury French Atlantic W

orld

Timothy W

right – Dept. of H

istoryR

ituals of the Reborn: Theology and P

raxis in Radical P

rotes-tantism

(1650-1750)

Austria M

arshall Plan Foundation: Faculty G

rants: Phil M

artin – UC

Davis; G

udrun Biffl – D

onau U

niversity

Student G

rant: Thomas G

ilbert – Dept. of S

ociology

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

IES Berkeley-Viadrina D

issertation Fellowship:

Matthew

Stenberg - D

ept. of Political S

cienceA

llesandro Tiberio - Dept. of G

eography

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

IES Berkeley-G

reifswald Exchange Program

:S

eira Adam

s – Dept. of E

nvironmental P

olicy, and Manage-

ment

Matthew

Stenberg – D

ept. of Political S

cience

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

IES Berkeley-C

ologne Exchange Program:

Thomas G

ilbert – Dept. of H

istoryS

ebastian Haselbeck – D

ept. of Germ

an

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

CG

ES Gerald D

. and Norm

a Feldman G

raduate Student D

issertation Fellowship:

Trevor Jackson – Dept. of H

istoryA

n Econom

ic History of Im

punity in Britain and France, 1720-

1825

4

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Meet O

ur Visiting ScholarsG

raduate Student Research Spotlight: Elyse R

itchey and the Occitan Language

Pictured A

lphabetically from Left to R

ight

Max B

aumgart: U

niversity of Cologne, G

ermany and U

niversity of Basel, Sw

itzerlandD

octoral student in European U

nion Law

Hilm

ar Þór Hilm

arsson: University of A

kureyri, Iceland P

rofessor of Econom

ics

Helena M

alikova: European Com

mission, B

elgium

Directorate G

eneral for Com

petition

Julia Martel: U

niversity of Cologne, G

ermany

Doctoral student in G

erman Language and Literature

Ludvig Norm

an: Uppsala U

niversity, Sweden

Researcher and lecturer, D

epartment of G

overnment

Sofie Waltl: U

niversity of Graz, A

ustriaD

octoral student in Econom

ics

The O

ccitan language, once spoken across the southern third ofFrance, the Val d’A

ran of Spain, and Italy’s P

iedmont valleys, has

a written record- including the w

ork of the troubadours- stretching back over one thousand years. N

evertheless, forces of linguistic and econom

ic assimilation over the course of the tw

entieth century leave it im

periled, spoken by fewer and few

er people every year.

In January 2016, E

lyse Ritchey, a graduate student in the R

omance

Languages and Literature program at U

C B

erkeley, travelled to southw

estern France to collect data for her dissertation on Occitan

revitalization. Ritchey received a C

hateaubriand grant to spend a sem

ester as a visiting scholar at the Université de Toulouse Jean

Jaurès. In Toulouse, a thriving music scene and groups of young

people dedicated to making O

ccitan live are important parts of the

city’s cultural tapestry. In May, she m

oved to the village of St-A

ntonin-N

oble-Val in order to be closer to her research sites. Ritchey’s w

ork focuses on the various w

ays in which O

ccitan language and culture are portrayed and constructed through public discourse in tw

o of the region’s sm

aller comm

unities, Villefranche-de-Rouergue (Aveyron)

and Carm

aux (Tarn). Both tow

ns are home to activists w

ho seek to m

ake Occitan a point of convergence in the com

munity. Their w

ork is m

anifested not only in official language promotion associations, but

also in the pressure that they exert on local government and in posi-

tive media coverage of O

ccitan. Although the w

ide-scale resumption

of Occitan as a language of everyday life seem

s a remote goal, by

championing O

ccitan identity, individuals and groups shine a light on w

hat th perceive as its unique values. Disenchantm

ent with increas-

ingly uniform popular culture and depleted populations in rural areas

seem to drive interest in O

ccitan, at least in part. How

ever, modern

Occitanism

is not merely a callback to the past, but an argum

ent for cultural diversity in a nation continuing its struggle over how

to harmo-

nize different peoples.

Am

ong the language activists whom

Ritchey m

et figure historians,farm

ers, woodw

orkers, academics, and m

any more. They all find

meaning in O

ccitan. Music, childhood m

emories of grandparents

speaking patés, the hope of raising bilingual children, even a deeper appreciation for the local toponym

y are among the m

yriad reasons for engagem

ent. Above all, R

itchey’s research suggests that the Occitan

movem

ent seeks to establish a sense of place.

IES

is a

pro

ud

sp

on

so

r o

f Eu

ro

pe

’s L

es

s C

om

mo

nly

Ta

ug

ht L

an

-

gu

ag

es

(LC

TL

s) a

nd

ha

s c

re

ate

d a

sp

ec

ial fu

nd

to s

up

po

rt th

e

UC

Be

rk

ele

y L

ibra

ry

’s L

CT

Ls

co

llec

tion

. Stu

de

nts

, bo

th u

nd

er-

gra

du

ate

an

d g

ra

du

ate

; lec

ture

rs

, an

d fa

cu

lty w

ho

wis

h to

us

e

libra

ry

ma

teria

ls (b

oo

ks

, eb

oo

ks

, gra

ph

ic n

ov

els

, dis

se

rta

tion

s,

DV

Ds

, etc

.), in a

Eu

ro

pe

an

LC

TL

an

d p

ub

lish

ed

in E

uro

pe

tha

t

are currently not available on the Berkeley cam

pus can fill out th

e L

ibra

ry

Re

co

mm

en

da

tion

Fo

rm

an

d m

en

tion

“IE

S L

CT

L S

up

-

po

rt”

in th

e C

om

me

nts

se

ctio

n. IE

S w

ill the

n p

ro

vid

e fu

nd

ing

to

the UC

Berkeley Library to finance the purchase of these m

ateri-a

ls.

Left: Ely

se

Ritc

he

y; R

ight: Road art in O

ccitanie5

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Gu

erra

Civ

il @ 8

0 Exhibition

Left: Spanish R

efugees Ball, [1940]. B

AN

C M

SS

71/105z, folder 8M

iddle: Cla

ud

e P

otts, exhibit co-curator

Right: H

oy: Enviad los trapos a las tenencias de A

lcadía: mañana serán ropas de abrigo para nuestros soldados, [1938]. B

AN

C M

SS

71/105z, folder 6

Th

is fa

ll IES

co

sp

on

so

red

the o

pen

ing

of G

uerra C

iv-

il @ 8

0, w

hic

h w

ill rem

ain

on

dis

pla

y in

Do

e L

ibrary

thro

ug

h J

uly

7, 2

017. Z

ian

g Z

ho

u, IE

S U

RA

P s

tud

en

t,

had

the o

pp

ortu

nity

to s

it do

wn

with

exh

ibit c

o-c

urato

r

Cla

ud

e P

otts

to d

iscu

ss th

e e

xh

ibit’s

featu

res a

nd

sig

-

nificance. Below

is his report:

To comm

emorate the 80th anniversary of the outbreak of the

Spanish C

ivil War, C

laude Potts, R

omance Languages Librari-

an at Doe Library, Theresa S

alazar, Curator of W

estern Am

er-icana at the B

ancroft Library, and Donna S

outhard, lecturer in the S

panish & P

ortuguese Departm

ent, came together to cu-

rate the exhibit, Guerra C

ivil @ 80. The exhibit features digital

prints of original books, letters, rare photographs, posters, and pam

phlets from The B

ancroft Library’s Veterans of the Abra-

ham Lincoln B

rigade Bay A

rea Post R

ecords and Photograph

Collections. D

isplaying six panels, each featuring an aspect of the S

panish Civil W

ar, the exhibit highlights the role of Am

eri-can volunteers in the C

ivil War, the w

ay in which the w

ar affect-ed these volunteers’ lives, and the vast array of artistic expres-sion that resulted.

During the S

panish Civil W

ar, more than 40,000 people from

around the w

orld joined the International Brigades to help the

Spanish R

epublic fight the rebel Nationalists. This grassroots

organization arose in response to the call for assistance by the R

epublicans, as the Non-Intervention A

greement forbade

the Allies from

formal support. W

hile Germ

any and Italy con-travened the agreem

ent by supporting the rebels, the US

was

hesitant to get involved due to a combination of isolationist sen-

timents and religious pressures. That said, approxim

ately 2,800 volunteers cam

e from the U

S, w

orking in various units collec-tively know

n as the Abraham

Lincoln Brigade. In doing so, they

put their lives on the line, as recruitment into a foreign arm

y w

as, and still is, illegal for Am

ericans. These volunteers came

from all social classes and w

alks of life and took on a number

of different roles – soldiers, doctors, nurses, technicians, etc. The C

ivil War w

as a time of great peril: m

ore than 200,000 sol-diers died in the battle on both sides, w

ith the risk of death of these volunteers doubling due to a lack of proper training. It w

as the conviction that their participation could determine the

future of Spain and E

urope that motivated them

to fight in spite of the great danger.

During w

artime, art served as both a m

eans of expression as w

ell as a weapon. O

n the front lines, soldiers sang folk songs and recited anthem

s and hymns to w

arm their tired souls. The

relentless war incited poets and novelists both w

ithin and out-side of S

pain to take action with their pens. P

olitically, art was

comm

only used for propaganda by both sides. Aleluyas, sto-

ries told through pictures on one single page, as well as paint-

ed slogans and posters were used to dissem

inate ideological m

essages. The Republicans w

ere able to draw forces from

the developed artistic com

munities in B

arcelona, Madrid and Va-

lencia; through their artwork, m

any well-know

n artists such as P

ablo Picasso and Joan M

iró called for the Allies’ support to

help Spain end fascism

.

Notably, one of those A

merican volunteers w

as a UC

Berkeley

Econom

ics graduate student, Robert H

ale Merrim

an, whose

wife, M

arion Merrim

an, was the only fem

ale Am

erican in the A

braham Lincoln B

rigade. After the death of her husband, M

ar-ion returned to the B

ay Area and led the B

ay Area P

ost of the Veterans of the A

braham Lincoln B

rigade, contributing to the preservation of m

emories of A

merican m

en and wom

en in that w

ar-torn era.

Fo

r m

ore in

form

atio

n a

bo

ut th

ese e

xh

ibits

an

d o

ther

Sp

an

ish

Civ

il War a

ctiv

ities o

n c

am

pu

s, c

lick h

ere.

6

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

New

IES Publications

Karin L. Sanders and U

nni Langås, Litteratur inter artes: nordisk litteratur i sam

spill med andre

kunstarter (July 2016)

Christopher K

utz, On W

ar and Dem

ocracy (No-

vember 2016)

Mark B

evir and Andrius G

ali Anka, W

ittgenstein and N

ormative Inquiry (June 2016)

Jeroen Dew

ulf, The Pinkster K

ing and the K

ing of Congo: The Forgotten H

istory of Am

eri-ca’s D

utch-Ow

ned Slaves (D

ecember 2016)

7

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

IES in the New

s!In June 2016, M

atthias Fekl, the French Minister of S

tate for For-eign Trade, the P

romotion of Tourism

and Nationals A

broad, vis-ited U

C B

erkeley at the invitation of the IES

French Studies P

ro-gram

. You can read about his visit here and here.

In June 2016, IES

affiliated faculty mem

ber Barry E

ichengreen discussed the B

rexit referendum at the C

omm

onwealth C

lub and w

rote an article on the topic. It can be seen here and here.

In June 2016, the journal Central E

uropean History published a

review on the latest book of IE

S S

enior Fellow D

avid Large. You can read it here.

In June 2016, IES

affiliated professor Daniel K

amm

en and his team

of researchers at the UC

Berkeley E

nergy and Resources

Group presented their E

nergy Roadm

ap for Southeast E

urope. You can access it here.

In August 2016, the journal Foreign P

olicy published two articles

by IES

senior fellow D

avid Large on the history of the Olym

pics. You can read them

here and here.

In August 2016, IE

S visiting scholar Ludvig N

orman (U

ppsala U

niversity, Sw

eden) published a new book entitled The M

ech-anism

s of Institutional Conflict in the E

uropean Union. You can

read more here.

In August 2016, IE

S D

irector Jeroen Dew

ulf was interview

ed in the S

outh Korean R

adio Program

This Morning on Islam

in Eu-

rope. You can listen to the interview here.

In September 2016, the A

ustrian journalist Michael Freund w

as

a guest at IES

and published an article in the Austrian new

spaper D

er Standard on the im

portance of Mario S

avio for the current student population in B

erkeley. You can read it here.

In October 2016, form

er IES

visiting scholar Vincent Rzepka

(political scientist at the Hum

boldt Universität zu B

erlin) published an article in the online journal K

IB entitled “Transparency and the

TTIP negotiations.” You can read it here.

In Novem

ber 2016, the Toronto Royal C

onservatory of Music

AR

C E

nsemble acknow

ledged IES

for its use of IES

Senior Fel-

low C

arla Shapreau’s research on the A

ustrian Copyright S

ociety and B

lacklisting During the N

azi Era for the film

EX

IT:music. You

can see this research here and watch a trailer of the film

here.

In Novem

ber 2016, IES

senior fellow Zachary S

hore gave an interview

on the Germ

an news station N

-TV on transatlantic rela-

tions under President Trum

p. You can read the interview here.

In Novem

ber 2016, IES

visiting scholar Hilm

ar þór Hilm

arsson (S

chool of Business and S

cience, University of A

kureyri, Iceland) published a new

book on international financial institutions and clim

ate change. You can read more about it here.

In Decem

ber 2016, IES

Senior Fellow

David Large w

rote on the upcom

ing presidential elections in Austria. You can read his es-

say in the journal Foreign Policy here.

In Decem

ber 2016, IES

Senior Fellow

Carla S

hapreau wrote an

article in the New

York Times on the restitution case of a rare vio-

lin that was looted by the N

azis. You can read the article here.

Join us for an evening of scholarship and music to benefit the Institute of European Studies tow

ard current and future operating costs as w

ell as toward the building of a future endow

ment fund for

student scholarships and program developm

ent.

Gifts m

ade to the Institute and the endowm

ent fund will go directly to support current and future

students, enhancing the experience of international education.

Tickets cost $250 per person, or $400 per couple. The event will be held at B

erkeley’s luxurious Cla-

remont H

otel on April 4, 2017 at 6:30 PM

.

To purchase tickets and RSVP, please contact G

ia White at gia@

berkeley.edu, or at (510) 642-4555.

8

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

June 18, 2016: Visit of French Secretary of State Matthias Fekl

On June 8, M

atthias Fekl, French Secretary of S

tate in charge of Foreign Trade, Tourism and repre-

senting French Citizens A

broad, honored the French Studies P

rogram at the Institute of E

uropean S

tudies with a visit and took part in a panel discussion on the future of U

S-France/E

U trade relations. H

e presented a brief overview

of current trade initiatives, with a special focus on the TTIP negotiations. Fekl

noted in his speech that the world has m

oved towards a m

odern age of trading between countries due

to globalization. This “internalization of value trade” stated in the IMF’s 2015 report is a reality w

hich ev-eryone in the w

orld faces, and that is why the secretary firm

ly believes that the voice of civil society must

be heard during trade negotiations in order for democracy and free trade interests to be aligned. O

ne of the respondents w

as Carla H

esse, Dean of the C

ollege of Letters and Science, w

ho confirmed the sec-

retary’s opinion by providing a historical example: how

the 18th century printing industry was deregulated

in France and represented a said instance of democratic free trade. In light of this specific presentation of

trade endeavors, there are many things w

hich Fekl still wants to im

prove. He favors a m

ore drastic open-ing of econom

ies because he believes it will help develop the m

iddle class and decrease poverty. How

ev-er, he concedes that there can be redistributive inequalities w

hich can be propagated across social class-es. A second responder, A

ndrés Rodriguez-C

lare, Professor in E

conomics, w

as of the opinion that free trade can be detrim

ental to lower social classes and regulations m

ust be furthered to encompass a variety

of societal domains. A

ll three panelists underlined the importance of open data and transparency since it is

crucial with trade negotiations and fosters the participation of trade unions, civil society and N

GO

s.

Dean C

arla

He

ss

e, Prof. A

nd

ré

s R

od

rig

ue

z-C

lare, S

ecretary of State M

atth

ias

Fe

kl and IE

S D

irector Je

ro

en

De

wu

lf

9

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

August 17, 2016: B

CC

EU Student A

mbasadors at International Student and Schol-

ar Research Fair

On A

ugust 17, the Berkeley International O

ffice (BIO

) hosted its annual International Student

and Scholar R

esource Fair at UC

Berkeley’s International H

ouse. The Berkeley C

ity College

European U

nion Student A

mbassadors (B

CC

EU

SA

) were invited to participate in this w

onderful opportunity for students and visiting international scholars alike to netw

ork with local cam

pus and com

munity organizations, businesses, and services. B

CC

EU

SA w

as one of 39 organizations in-vited by the B

erkeley International Office to serve the m

ore than 400 attendees of the Resource

Fair and was honored to represent IE

S, its program

s, and Berkeley C

ity College at this excellent

resource fair for students and scholars.

BC

C E

U S

tudent Am

bassadors Ad

rie

nn

e S

olis

and C

hris

Ma

rin

pose behind their table at the International Student and S

cholar Resource Fair

10

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

August 30, 2016: The R

ole of Austria in the European R

efugee Crisis

IE

S opened its Fall 2016 program

with a lecture given by M

ichael Freund, Professor E

meritus at W

ebsterU

niversity, Vienna, and organized in cooperation with the A

ustrian Marshall Fund. To start off, Freund

provided an overview of various refugee crises that A

ustria has faced both historically and in more recent

years. Through these examples, he show

ed a change in the attitude of the Austrian people tow

ards the arrival of refugees, w

hich shifted from one of unquestioned solidarity in the case of H

ungarian refugees in the 1950s to one of increasing anim

osity in the case of Middle-E

astern and African refugees today.

Follow

ing this overview, he explored the w

ays in which this evolution of public opinion can be traced

through medium

s such as election results, newspaper headlines, and reactions on social m

edia. While

he claimed his talk had no definitive conclusion, he did em

phasize that Austria could serve as a m

iniature testing ground for w

hat is to come as the w

hole of Europe seeks to overcom

e the challenges it faces in its efforts to adequately address the current situation.

Many questions w

ere raised after the talk, some of w

hich sought to compare the A

ustrian and European

attitudes with the A

merican attitude tow

ards accepting refugees. Betw

een Freund’s intriguing insights and the sheer num

ber of Berkeley faculty, students, and com

munity m

embers present in 201 M

oses Hall,

this opening lecture has fostered much excitem

ent for the semester to com

e.

Prof. E

m. M

ich

ae

l Fre

un

d (W

ebster University) and IE

S D

irector Je

ro

en

De

wu

lf

11

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

September 9, 2016: The R

ole of Technology in Making M

odern Europe

On S

eptember 9, A

ndreas Fickers, Professor of

Contem

porary and Digital H

istory at Luxem-

bourg University, presented on the role of technolog-

ical experts and regulatory regimes in both shaping

diplomacy across E

uropean countries as well as fa-

cilitating EU

integration. This presentation was part

of a visit to the Berkeley cam

pus by a University

of Luxembourg delegation led by P

resident Rainer

Klum

p and Consul-G

eneral Pierre Franck.

During the interw

ar period, the radio was the

primary m

eans of comm

unication. State cen-

sorship of broadcasting and unclear allocation of frequencies, how

ever, resulted in an outbreak of chaos in the industry. Founded in G

eneva, Sw

itzer-land, the International B

roadcasting Union (IB

U),

now know

n as the European B

roadcasting Union,

was established to address this chaos through the

coordination of international radio frequencies. With

various economic interests and political im

plications influencing participating countries, IB

U actively as-

sumed the role of both a diplom

atic mediator as w

ell as a technical expert. Its allocation of specific radio frequencies to individual countries and its active role in facilitating gentlem

an’s agreements betw

een par-ticipating countries exem

plify IBU

’s political impact

on the harmonization of the E

U. Furtherm

ore, it was

within IB

U’s expertise to devise technical rem

edies for accurate radio calibration. N

ot only did this re-sponsibility lead to technological advancem

ents in radio receptor design, but it also established IB

U as

the “ether police,” as it was charged w

ith regulating and harm

onizing radio usage in Europe. G

iven the evidence presented, it w

as suggested that IBU

ac-tively em

ployed a form of techno-diplom

acy.

Follow

ing the lecture, the audience actively partic-ipated in a question and answ

er session, which

resultantly covered a wide range of topics—

from the

role of wom

en in broadcasting politics to technicali-ties of radio frequency allocation.

An

dre

as

Fic

ke

rs

(Univ. Luxem

bourg), Ak

as

em

i Ne

ws

om

e (IE

S) and

Pie

rre

Fra

nc

k (C

onsul-General of Luxem

bourg)

12

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

September 16, 2016: Startup Europe C

omes to U

C B

erkeley

On S

eptember 16, IE

S w

as pleased to welcom

e European startup com

panies to a co-sponsored Start-

up Europe event w

ith EIT D

igital and the Berkeley R

oundtable on the International Econom

y (BR

IE).

Marko Turpeinen (E

IT Digital) began the event w

ith a welcom

e address, and IES

Director Jeroen D

ewulf

and Associate D

irector Akasem

i New

some gave an overview

of IES

to the representatives of various Euro-

pean startups, who had spent the previous w

eek traveling in Silicon Valley m

eeting potential investors be-fore concluding their tour at U

C B

erkeley.

The first speaker, A

lexandre Bayen of the Institute of Transportation S

tudies (ITS) at B

erkeley, spokeabout the role of ITS

Berkeley as a m

ediator between public and private transportation agencies. B

ay-en highlighted transportation innovations at ITS

, including its contributions to the technology of self-driving vehicles and G

PS

traffic maps, underscoring the im

portance of creating new policy around these technol-

ogies. John Zysman (B

RIE

) spoke on the rise of the platform econom

y and UC

Berkeley’s founding role in

the digital revolution.

Peter M

inor of CITR

IS Foundry, a technology accelerator at U

CB

, presented the Foundry’s program and

step-by-step process of working w

ith student startups to help them succeed and thrive in the m

arket. For the keynote address over lunch, D

avid Charron, a H

aas faculty mem

ber, presented ideas on the future of innovation, focusing on the unprecedented success of current ‘unicorn’ com

panies. The event ended w

ith a presentation by Gigi W

ang of the Sutardja C

enter for Entrepreneurship and Technology.

IES

Director J

ero

en

De

wu

lf addressing participants at the Startup E

urope event

13

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

September 20, 2016: The Visual R

epresentation of Mobility and M

igration to Eu-rope

In cooperation w

ith the Center for M

iddle Eastern S

tud-ies, IE

S w

elcomed N

ilgun Bayraktar, A

ssistant Professor

of Film H

istory, Theory and Criticism

in the Visual Stud-

ies Program

at California C

ollege of the Arts, to M

oses H

all for a lecture on visual representations of mobility and

migration to E

urope. Analyzing clips and im

ages from a

number of projects, B

ayraktar explored the symbols and

techniques through which the problem

s of migration are

exposed in cinematic arts. H

er research involves examin-

ing under-researched cinematic w

orks circulating in galler-ies. The bulk of her talk closely exam

ined one such work:

Ursula B

iemann’s S

ahara Chronicle, a project charting

migration netw

orks across north and sub-Saharan A

frica that exam

ines how such netw

orks are affected by Europe-

an border control systems.

The installation com

bines footage from B

iemann’s field-

work w

ith surveillance tapes in order to shed light on the hidden conditions of m

igratory journeys. As present-

ed by Biem

ann, these networks, w

hich extend as far as E

ast Asia, are system

s of information and social organi-

zation, operate on a widespread geographical scale, and

are morphed by border controls such as surveillance and

deportation camps. W

ith the conceptualization of borders

shifting to encompass m

ore than merely the borders of

the national states, such networks dem

and, Bayraktar ar-

gued, a critical look at the evolving mobility regim

e in the E

U—

or “fortress Europe”—

and its greater effects. While

the mainstream

media provides negative representations

of migratory m

ovements, S

ahara Chronicle offers an alter-

nate perspective on migration, prom

pting changes in the perception of the m

igrant experience through its attempts

to avoid the language of invasion and to portray a more

diverse migrant group.

To conclude, B

ayraktar explored the problem of m

aking clandestine m

igration visible in an art context, explain-ing that the netw

orks examined fall, m

any times, outside

of the traditional realms of visibility and representation.

Instead of providing a linear representation of migration as

a traditional documentary w

ould, the structure of Sahara

Chronicle m

irrors the complexity of the subject and land-

scapes with w

hich it engages, providing an incomplete,

multilayered m

apping of spaces, people, and experiences. S

ahara Chronicle, she argued, unravels the naturalness

of the image of m

igration presented by the media, forcing

us to question “transparent” representations of reality.

Top Left: Prof. N

ilgu

n B

ay

ra

kta

r (C

alifornia College of the A

rts) and IES

Associate D

irector Ak

as

em

i Ne

ws

om

e; Top R

ight: Installation view of S

ahara C

hronicle (2006-9) at Helm

haus Zurich, 2009. Courtesy of U

rsula Biem

ann; Bottom

Left: Still from

Temporary D

etention Center (2007). C

ourtesy of Adri-

an Paci, G

alerie Peter K

ilchmann, Zurich, and kaufm

ann repetto, Milan; B

ottom R

ight: Still from

Sahara C

hronicle – Architectures of M

obility―Laay-

oune, Western S

ahara. Courtesy of U

rsula Biem

ann

14

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

September 20, 2016: C

rossing the Sea with Syrians

In cooperation w

ith the Goethe Institute, the C

enter for Middle E

astern Studies, D

ie Kritikm

aschine and the D

epartment of G

erman, IE

S hosted a discussion on S

eptember 20 featuring D

ie Zeit journalist Wolf-

gang Bauer, w

hose recent book, Crossing the S

ea with S

yrians, documents the experiences of refugees

as they undertake the treacherous journey to Europe. The interview

portion, which w

as conducted by Julia C

houchair-Vizoso, Vice Chair of the C

enter for Middle E

astern Studies, began w

ith a brief chronological overview

of the book. As he had gone undercover and traveled alongside the refugees as part of his proj-

ect, Bauer provided a first-person perspective of the perils of the journey, from

being smuggled, to being

abandoned by traffickers, to being incarcerated.

Chouchair-Vizoso then asked for his thoughts on the radical nature of his field-w

ork approach. A com-

mon criticism

, she noted, is that such methods can result in academ

ics and journalists becoming part

of the story in a way that m

ight overshadow the issues at hand. A

dmitting the difficulty of self-exclusion,

Bauer indicated that his goal w

as to provide his audience with a transparent, accurate account of refugees’

stories as real people. He also discussed his refrainm

ent from defining a target audience as w

ell as his lack of a political agenda, explaining that he w

anted his story to reach as diverse a group as possible. Re-

garding current refugee-related policies, Bauer had som

e passionate criticisms and com

ments, expressing

his belief that the current crisis is due to the failure of the international comm

unity. He also observed that

many S

yrian refugees have fled their countries due to fears of bombardm

ent and, hence, argued that, had a no-fly zone been introduced, the scale of the refugee crisis m

ight have been more m

anageable.

Follow

ing the interview, the audience had the opportunity to ask a variety of questions, ranging from

B

auer’s views on M

erkel’s policy and the role his story can play in shaping policies in the EU

to further queries about the fates of the refugees w

ith whom

he traveled.

Ju

lia C

ho

uc

ha

ir-V

izo

so (C

enter for Middle E

astern Studies), W

olfg

an

g B

au

er (D

ie Zeit) and Ak

as

em

i Ne

ws

om

e (IE

S)

15

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

September 22, 2016: Legislating Equality in Europe and the U

nited States

IE

S w

elcomed Terri G

ivens, Professor and P

rovost at Menlo C

ollege, on Septem

ber 22 for a lecture ex-am

ining issues surrounding discrimination, im

migration and populism

in both the European and A

merican

contexts. As G

ivens analyzes in her recent book, Legislating Equality, the discourses surrounding diversity

and equality in Europe evolved in the late tw

entieth century from being centered around xenophobia to be-

ing based more on discrim

ination.

Beginning in the early 2000s, how

ever, she noted how w

aves of terrorist attacks contributed to a change in perceptions of discrim

ination and equality, shifting related discourses to revolve more around secu-

rity concerns. She also show

ed that, while there has been retrenchm

ent on the policy front, there has also been an increased effort in E

urope to encourage imm

igrant groups to become m

ore involved in the politi-cal scene, for E

uropean activists have seen how such involvem

ent has affected the electoral map and vot-

ing trends in the United S

tates. She adm

its, however, that m

any people feel a tangible sense of loss in the m

idst of such changes, which has led to a rise of populism

.

The floor then opened for discussion, during w

hich participants challenged and questioned many of the

ideas Givens presented. W

ith further comparisons being draw

n between the current political clim

ates in the U

S and the E

U, the resulting debate w

as both intriguing and lively.

Te

rri G

ive

ns

(Menlo C

ollege) with

IES

Associate D

irector Ak

as

em

i Ne

ws

om

e

16

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

September 27, 2016: The R

ole of Central European A

rtists in Building the H

olly-w

ood Film Industry

In cooperation w

ith the Austrian M

arshall Fund and the Institute for S

lavic, East E

uropean and Eurasian S

tud-ies, IE

S w

as pleased to welcom

e Georg K

astner, Dean of

Andrássy U

niversität in Budapest, on S

eptember 27 for a

lecture on the role of Central E

uropean creative artists in the building of the H

ollywood film

industry. Focusing on the era of the S

econd World W

ar, he highlighted their contribu-tions to anti-fascist propaganda in A

merican m

ovies. In the first portion of his talk, K

astner revealed that many fam

il-iar A

merican film

companies—

including Warner B

rothers, M

GM

, Param

ount, and Universal—

were founded by people

of Central E

uropean origins. While m

any creative artists left E

urope to pursue their careers in artistic centers such as H

ollywood, film

as an industry did exist in Central E

urope as w

ell, with tw

o of the largest companies being the G

erman

UFA and A

ustrian Sascha.

Next, K

astner described the emergence of propagandistic

works in the U

nited States, w

hich began with the found-

ing of the Hollyw

ood Anti-N

azi League for the Defense of

Am

erican Dem

ocracy in 1933. Many fam

ous artists, includ-ing screenw

riter Fritz Lang, joined this league in an effort to counter the N

azi propaganda purported back in Europe.

The start of the United S

tates’ involvement in the S

econd W

orld War brought w

ith it a drastic increase in the number

of film studios supporting and contributing to propagandistic

efforts, with them

es of interest including enemy ideologies,

the Am

erican way of life, and support on the hom

e front.

Then, Kastner transitioned to discuss a num

ber of specific exam

ples of propagandist films, from

Trapped: Confessions

of a Nazi S

py (the first anti-Nazi film

) and the classic Casa-

blanca, to shorter films such as D

isney’s Der Fuehrer’s

Face.

To conclude, K

astner said that, in examining the role of

Central E

uropeans in the propagandist efforts, it is first necessary to analyze the m

anners in which H

ollywood pro-

paganda could be classified. He then suggested that these

types of films offered excellent opportunities for recent im

-m

igrants from C

entral Europe, w

ho brought firsthand knowl-

edge of the subject matter, had an interest in fighting the

Nazis on the creative front, and could use their form

er Eu-

ropean networks to their advantage. M

any times, im

migrant

creative artists could construct much m

ore convincing rep-resentations of their hom

es. This did not mean, how

ever, that these representations w

ere more accurate; contrarily,

the plots employed rem

ained largely fictional and far from

reality. While N

azis may have been successful in killing the

basis of Central E

urope’s film culture, those artists w

ho pursued successful careers in H

ollywood w

ere still able to m

ake contributions to the Am

erican industry in both cultural and creative senses. Q

uestions asked following the lecture

centered around the influences of such films on post-w

ar cinem

atographic trends as well as the interconnectedness

between C

entral Europeans in the H

ollywood film

scene.

Ge

org

Ka

stn

er (A

ndrássy University, B

udapest) and IES

Director J

ero

en

De

wu

lf

17

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

September 27, 2016: R

apid Response – EU

Lawsuit against A

pple

IE

S cosponsored a roundtable discussion w

ith the Insti-tute for International S

tudies that provided both European

and Am

erican perspectives on the EU

’s recent $30 billion law

suit against Apple. The panel featured scholars from

across the B

erkeley campus, including A

lan Auerbach,

Robert D

. Burch P

rofessor of Econom

ics and Law; H

elena M

alikova, IES

’ current EU

fellow; G

abriel Zucman, A

ssis-tant P

rofessor of Econom

ics; Carl S

hapiro, Transamerica

Professor of B

usiness Strategy at the H

aas School of B

usi-ness; and Joseph Farrell, form

er chief economist of the

Federal Trade Com

mission and the D

epartment of Justice.

To begin the discussion, w

hich was m

oderated by Far-rell, M

alikova offered an introduction to state aid regu-lation, pointing out that it is forbidden for individual m

ember

states to provide multinational com

panies with discrim

ina-torily low

er tax rates. She further suggested that, as w

as the case w

ith Apple in Ireland, A

merican m

ultinational com-

panies operating in different jurisdictions tend to shift profit to a paper-only or non-operational branch in countries w

ith m

inimal or no taxation. Then, A

uerbach highlighted some

general trends in profits, which exhibit a shift from

the Un-

ited States to low

-tax countries. As he argued, such shifts

pose a threat to the current taxation rule. To counter these threats, he proposed a change in the m

ultinational tax cal-culation regim

e that would rely on sales apportionm

ent or destination-based taxation rather than on residence. Zuc-m

en further examined problem

s with the current taxation

rule for multinationals. R

ules dictating that companies pay

taxes to countries where profits have been m

ade, he stat-ed, can result in artificial profits appearing in low

-tax juris-dictions. N

ext, he argued that pricing that treats subsid-iaries as separate entities are easy to m

anipulate through transfer pricing. Finally, he pointed out how

bilateral agree-m

ents made only for taxation purposes encourage treaty

shopping to generate stateless income. To conclude, S

ha-piro com

pared and contrasted the mentalities of A

merican

and European com

petition authorities, referencing major

infringement cases in the E

U against other large A

merican

multinational com

panies.

Follow

ing the individual presentations, the approximate-

ly 60 attendees asked a number of questions ranging

from the difference in principles betw

een EU

and US

com-

petition law enforcem

ent to potential challenges with the

proposed multinational taxation regulation reform

.

Panel on the E

U Law

suit against Apple

18

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

To inaugurate this fall’s C

enter for Germ

an and Europe-

an Studies (C

GE

S) Lecture S

eries on Septem

ber 27, IE

S w

elcomed N

icholas Stargardt, P

rofessor of Modern

European H

istory at Oxford U

niversity. His book, entitled

The Germ

an War, incorporates a num

ber of primary sourc-

es, including diaries, in order to to explore the various mo-

tives for fighting for Germ

any in the Second W

orld War.

Before discussing the violence of the w

ar itself, Stargardt

began by examining the role of the past in m

otivating Ger-

mans to fight. Through an exam

ination of the repercus-sions of the First W

orld War in the 1930s, he argued that

the prospect of going to war a second tim

e was seen as

something terrible that should be avoided at all costs. W

ith the invasion of P

oland and its subsequent portrayal as a counterattack, how

ever, the Second W

orld War w

as pre-sented as an inevitable m

eans of national defense. Thus, there resulted w

idespread fear and internalized responsi-bility am

ongst families of the First W

orld War’s “front gen-

eration,” as they did not want the outcom

e of this second w

ar to echo that of the first. By using diaries, S

targardt hoped to provide a better understanding of how

people un-derstood their present options, how

they reasoned it mor-

ally, and how such m

oralizations evolved as circumstances

changed.

The next section of the talk focused on the violence di-rected tow

ards Jews and the progression of know

ledge of such horrors from

mere rum

or to something publicly

acknowledged. W

ith bombings, particularly those in H

am-

burg, sweeping across G

ermany in the sum

mer of 1943,

conversations began to focus on how such attacks of ter-

ror had resulted from the treatm

ent of the Jewish popula-

tion. Over tim

e, this perspective, along with other political

and societal changes, led to an evolution of the discussion from

one focused on a reversal of the Holocaust to one

much m

ore interested in addressing a problematic regim

e.

In the final section, S

targardt highlighted the ways in

which people dealt w

ith war in term

s of personal relation-ships and love. To begin, he discussed the W

ehrmacht

Request C

oncert organized to fundraise for the winter re-

lief efforts. The concert enabled people to request songs in honor of loved ones fighting on the front. Then, through his citation of letters w

ritten by three different couples, he illus-trated a num

ber of effects war had on relationships, m

ost notably the reality that, w

hile many soldiers m

ight have been fighting to keep relationships alive, such goals could not alw

ays be realized. To conclude, he argued that the W

ehrmacht retained the support of the G

erman populace

in such a way that m

otivated Germ

any to continue fighting until it w

as militarily defeated. Follow

ing his detailed pre-sentation, audience m

embers asked a num

ber of ques-tions, w

hich led to a discussion that began with the current

political situation in the United S

tates and ended with a

contemplation of the (de)m

oralizing capacity of human be-

ings.

September 27, 2016: W

hat Were They Fighting For? G

erman Soldiers in W

orld War

IINic

ho

las

Sta

rg

ard

t (Univ. of O

xford) and IES

Associate D

irector Ak

as

em

i Ne

ws

om

e

19

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

October 3, 2016: N

ordic Literature Evening

IE

S w

as delighted to host Josefine Klougart, the first D

anish author to have two of her first three books

nominated for the N

ordic Council Literature P

rize, on October 3. K

lougart gave an inspiring talk on the freedom

and boundlessness of writing. S

he explained that writing does not need to be consistent, efficient

or formulaic. Instead, w

riting as a form of art and poetic language occurs w

hen the human voice is pushed

to its limits and cracks. This form

of comm

unication reveals human nature and raw

emotion. A

ccording to K

lougart, books and stories are an author’s answers to questions that have not been claim

ed to have been asked. W

hether they realize it or not, authors seek to answer fundam

ental questions of morality. S

he then offered som

e of her own questions that drive her w

riting: If we are going to die, w

hat can we do? H

ow do

we handle the panic that com

es from realizing death? In addition to describing the m

ethods of and mo-

tivations for writing, K

lougart elaborated on the value of books and reading. She claim

ed that literature transform

s us and that reading a book attentively can change who w

e are by giving us new perspectives.

Books are “m

emorials to literature” and have a “consciousness that can grasp everything in life.“B

y read-ing books, w

e expand out own lim

ited consciousness and learn humility. S

he considers reading radical ac-tivism

and believes that literature can change the world.

After her lecture, K

lougart took a few questions from

the audience, some of w

hich centered on how to

measure the value of literature. S

he explained that such value cannot be measured on a quantitative

scale; rather, it is subjective and personal and varies with every reading. A

nother attendee asked how the

experience of reading her own book translated into E

nglish was. K

lougart responded that the translation revealed to her details she hadn’t realized existed in her book. These details w

ere “hidden” in Danish but

highlighted in English. S

he loved the experience of reading her own w

ork in a new light and felt no frustra-

tion or anger.

Author Josefine K

lougart and Sir

pa

Tu

om

ain

en, E

xecutive Director of IE

S’ N

ordic Studies P

rogram

20

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

October 4, 2016: H

itler’s Com

promises: C

oercion and Consensus in N

azi Germ

any

On O

ctober 4, Nathan S

tolzfus, the Rintels P

rofessor of Holocaust S

tudies at Florida State U

niversity, gave a talk centering on the contents of his book, H

itler’s Com

promises: C

oercion and Consensus

in Nazi G

ermany. S

tolzfus, who specializes in both m

odern European history as w

ell as political violence and civil resistance, discussed m

any little-known realities of H

itler’s regime—

namely the com

promises he

made in order to advance his authoritative goals and centralize pow

er within the R

eich. One particular ex-

ample of H

itler’s ability to comprom

ise, or to orchestrate strategic surrenders of power, w

as manifested in

a local religious conflict. Hitler, S

tolzfus explained, wanted to create a national church but w

as prevented from

doing so by two bishops w

ho were against the idea. The bishops, W

urm and M

eiser, were persecut-

ed by the Nazis in the area; how

ever, because the two religious leaders w

ere so popular in the comm

unity, they quickly becam

e martyrized by the increasingly outraged public. W

hen Hitler heard of their m

alcontent and anger, he rehabilitated the bishops, w

ho did not speak out against Hitler from

that point forward. E

s-sentially, H

itler used dissent from the m

asses to determine w

hether or not it would be socially and political-

ly sound to move forw

ard with any given action. In his fascinating lecture, S

tolzfus analyzed this incident along w

ith other ways in w

hich Hitler m

anipulated the public’s perception of his political tactics during his regim

e.

IES

Associate D

irector Ak

as

em

i Ne

ws

om

e, Prof. N

ath

an

Sto

lzfu

s (Florida State U

niversity), IES

Senior Fellow

Da

vid

La

rg

e

21

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

October 11, 2016: M

acau, the Last European Outpost in C

hina

On O

ctober 11, Fernanda Gil C

osta, Director of the

Portuguese S

tudies Program

at the University of

Macau, provided an insightful overview

to the historical and cultural significance of M

acau as the last Europe-

an outpost in China. For the P

ortuguese, it possessed religious potential for the C

hristian mission, thus result-

ing in its being known as the “C

ity of the Holy N

ame

of God” until the 19th century. A

fter briefly recounting M

acau’s evolution from perm

anent Portuguese settle-

ment, to self-adm

inistered trade port mainly supported

by the recently-legalized gambling industry, to official

Portuguese colony, she delved into the different m

ani-festations of inevitable cultural m

ixing between the P

or-tuguese C

hristians and the native Chinese.

One phenom

enon she paid close attention to was

that of the Macanese, a population em

erging from

the intermarriage of E

uropean (specifically Portu-

guese) men and A

sian (specifically Indian and South-

east-Asian) w

omen. This m

ixture formed a population

that never considered itself fully Chinese or fully P

ortu-guese and that, later, served as interpreters betw

een the otherw

ise disparate, separated comm

unities. Here,

she transitioned to a discussion of the concretization of M

acau’s cultural mem

ory, citing Aleida A

ssmann’s

argument that the w

ay people deal with the past is

mainly through the canon—

or monum

ents and oth-er heritage sites—

and the archive—or testim

onies. The canon, C

osta explained, embodies the past in the

present; the archive, on the other hand, comprises

mem

ories of the past that remain parts of the past. To

illustrate this, Costa offered a num

ber of photographic exam

ples of churches, streets, and other monum

ents and architectural structures.

Ultim

ately, through her inclusion of religious images

as well as exam

ples of the architecture of the bor-der zones, she dem

onstrated how, w

hile there was no

mixture of the C

hinese and Portuguese populations,

the urban landscape of Macau w

as not imm

une to cul-tural hybridity. This point w

as further emphasized in

her conclusion, as she argued that such cultural mon-

uments do not m

erely preserve the cultural past, but also becom

e platforms on w

hich the European and

Asiatic presences m

ost prominently em

erge. Through ups and dow

ns, this European outpost m

aintained a hold on certain P

ortuguese traditions that remain alive

to this day.

Prof. F

ern

an

da

Gil C

os

ta (U

niv. of Macau)

22

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

October 12, 2016: R

egional Developm

ent in the European Union

On O

ctober 12, IES

welcom

ed Lena J. Tsipouri, Professor of E

conomics at the U

niversity of Athens, to

Moses H

all for a talk on regional development in the E

uropean Union. S

he first defined the term “re-

gional development aid” in the E

uropean context, emphasizing that it is a hybrid of w

hat is usually viewed

in the United S

tates as two separate concepts: regional developm

ent, which occurs w

ithin a given country through the transfer of resources, and developm

ent aid, which specifically involves the transfer of resourc-

es between countries.

European strategy, she explained, aim

s at fostering smart, sustainable, and inclusive developm

ent that expands to encom

pass the peripheral regions of Southern and E

astern Europe. N

ext, she provided som

e background to the history of this development. The m

ain lesson she identified in this historical over-view

was that success is possible for all, including those countries w

hich lie in the periphery. Ireland is a spectacular case of this, as it is a peripheral country that clim

bed from having the w

orst to having the sec-ond-best G

DP per capita in the E

U. Finally, she discussed the changes that occurred betw

een 2003 and 2014, w

hich were defined by sim

ultaneous shifts from E

U control to the subsidiarity principle as w

ell as from

individual measures to strategic program

ming.

Prof. L

en

a T

sip

ou

ri (U

niv. of Athens) and IE

S A

ssociate Director A

ka

se

mi N

ew

so

me

23

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

October 20: The A

bsent Presence of Race in Postw

ar Germ

any

On O

ctober 20, IES

was pleased to have P

rof. Rita C

hin of the University of M

ichigan present on the historical, political, and cultural contexts surrounding the reason w

hy the term R

asse, or race, has been so controversial in G

erman political discourse, unlike in the U

nited States w

here it is still frequently used. C

hin divided her lecture, which w

as attended by twenty-one people, into three parts: 1. The histori-

cal context that rendered guest workers or im

migrants “invisible” in G

ermany society; 2. P

sychic patterns in public pronouncem

ents; and 3. Cognitive lim

its of race as category in public discourse.

Chin began by discussing a quote from

Chancellor A

ngela Merkel, w

ho declared in October 2010 that

“multiculturalism

had completely failed in G

ermany.” It w

as this statement that prom

pted Chin to con-

template the task of approaching racism

, which according to her present in reality yet absent from

sources and public discourse because G

ermans tend to shy aw

ay from using the term

Rasse. A

ccording to Chin,

the conspicuous lack of discussion on the topic of race in Germ

any constitutes a particular epistemological

obstacle. While she adm

itted that there is a lot of “slippage” with the term

Rasse due to the m

anifold neg-ative or eugenic connotations involved w

ith its use during the Nazi regim

e, she suggested that Germ

any m

ight try to re-appropriate the term R

asse and invest it with critical possibilities so that public discussion

on racism and im

migration m

ight in the future be more productive and beneficial.

Rita

Ch

in (Univ. of M

ichigan) and IES

Associate D

irector Ak

as

em

i Ne

ws

om

e

24

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

October 21-22: C

omparing Social Solidarity in Europe and the U

nited States

Prof. J

on

ah

Le

vy (D

ept. of Political S

cience)

The D

AA

D-S

cience Po/P

aris-Berkeley C

onference on Social S

olidarity, a two-day conference held from

O

ctober 21-22, featured presentations by fifteen professors and PhD

-students from E

urope and UC

B

erkeley. The conference organizer was Jonah Levy, professor at B

erkeley’s Political S

cience Depart-

ment.

Berkeley faculty m

embers in attendance represented departm

ents such as Sociology and C

ity and Re-

gional Planning, w

hile visitors from E

urope offered perspectives on identity politics, global and met-

ropolitan studies, urban infrastructure policy, and political economy. P

resentations overlapped in themes

ranging from social solidarity in occupational health policies to urban displacem

ent, amenity gentrification,

and regional sustainability planning. Time for discussion w

as allocated after each presentation, with com

-m

ents and questions moderated by A

lison Post of B

erkeley’s Political S

cience Departm

ent. The confer-ence fostered productive discussion am

ong a group of young scholars who w

ere able to share their re-spective expertise to brainstorm

solutions to contemporary issues regarding social solidarity in E

urope and the U

nited States.

25

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

October 23, 2016: The Foundation of D

utch Studies and Belgian Studies in the A

n-glophone W

orld

As part of its B

EN

ELU

X S

tudies Program

, IES

w

as pleased to welcom

e Ulrich Tiedau, C

hair of the D

utch Studies P

rogram at U

niversity College

London, to Moses H

all on October 23. H

is lecture provided a detailed overview

to the institutionaliza-tion process of the field of D

utch Studies in B

ritain during the interw

ar period. More specifically, he fo-

cused on the roles of Pieter G

eyl (Dutch S

tudies) and É

mile C

amm

aerts (Belgian S

tudies) in this pro-cess, highlighting the tense relationship that exist-ed betw

een the two on both political and scholarly

levels. Geyl, m

ost notably, took special interest in nationalist m

ovements such as the E

aster Rising in

Ireland; the Irish question resultantly played a major

role in his consideration of the Flemish question in

Belgium

. Cam

maerts w

as known for his contribu-

tions to Belgian w

ar poetry as well as to pro-B

elgium

propagandistic efforts. During W

orld War I, “B

rave Little B

elgium,” w

hose brief defensive efforts against the G

erman invaders m

ade significant contributions to the w

ar’s outcome, w

as celebrated in Britain, w

ith publications such as K

ing Albert’s B

ook paying trib-ute to the nation and form

ing its positive reputation am

ongst the British populace. This positive public

perception became increasingly im

portant in the ac-adem

ic initiatives to promote study of the Low

Coun-

tries.

Follow

ing the war, how

ever, the Netherlands’ sup-

posed support of Germ

any in the midst of its

neutral status prompted w

idespread negativity in public perception of the country in the A

nglophone w

orld. In an effort to counter the effects such nega-tivity could potentially have on D

utch businesses in B

ritain, the University of London sought to found a

Dutch S

tudies program, of w

hich Geyl served as the

first chair. His pro-Flem

ish and controversially an-ti-B

elgium discourse, how

ever, greatly upset many

in pro-Belgium

Britain, ultim

ately resulting in efforts to form

a department solely dedicated to B

elgian S

tudies on the part of university figures as well as

the Anglo-B

elgian Union, a high-profile organiza-

tion born out of World W

ar I in an effort to continue to foster brotherhood betw

een Britain and B

elgium.

After overcom

ing many obstacles, the program

, with

Cam

maerts at the helm

, was eventually form

ed and housed in the London S

chool of Econom

ics. Tiedau ended by em

phasizing that, while both chairs had

notable academic achievem

ents, it is important to

note that neither chair was able to fully part w

ith the propagandistic roots of their respective fields. A

s such, the long and tum

ultuous road followed to build

these programs in the A

nglophone world is one that

speaks strongly to the influence of public perception in academ

ic and political developments.

IES

Director J

ero

en

De

wu

lf, Ulr

ich

Tie

da

u (UC

L) and Es

mé

e v

an

de

r H

oe

ve

n (Dutch S

tudies, UC

Berkeley)

26

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

As part of IE

S’ P

rogram for the S

tudy of Ita-ly, a tw

o-day event featuring a combination of

screenings and roundtable discussions related to the B

lack Panthers, P

op Art, and the turbulence

of 1960s California, w

as held from O

ctober 24-25. The event w

as co-sponsored by the Istituto Italiano di C

ultura of San Francisco, the Italian S

ociety at B

erkeley, the Doreen B

. Townsend C

enter for the H

umanities, and the A

rchivio Audiovisivo del M

ovi-m

ento Operaio e D

emocratico. P

aolo Barlera, D

irec-tor of the Istituto Italiano di C

ultura, introduced both events.

To anchor the discussion, the event centered on the docum

entaries of Italian filmm

aker Antonel-

lo Branca, w

ho arrived in the United S

tates in 1966 and film

ed most of his docum

entary work in A

mer-

ica. The first film, S

eize the Time (1970), featured

Branca’s em

bedded footage of the Black P

anthers and included shots of the B

erkeley campus to bring

together drama, fiction, and docum

entary. Then cam

e a screening of What’s happening? (1967), a

film presenting the B

eat and Pop A

rt Generation as

a portrait of Am

erica seen through the eyes of artists and intellectuals w

ho were about to revolutionize the

international artistic panorama. A

llen Ginsberg, R

oy Lichtenstein, A

ndy Warhol, R

obert Rauschenberg,

Gregory C

orso, and others were featured in B

ran-

ca’s work.

Day tw

o of the event began with a screening of

Dissent (1968), a docum

entary capturing the hot clim

ate of social unrest that beset the whole of

Am

erican society in the 1960s, including the cam-

pesinos protest, the confrontation of Berkeley and

La Jolla students by police, the revolt of the inner city ghettos, the defiance of the Vietnam

War draft,

and Robert K

ennedy’s last public speech. After the

screening, the approximately 70 attendees w

ere invited to ask questions to a panel m

oderated by M

ia Fuller, Chair of the P

rogram for the S

tudy of Italy, and consisting of D

onatella Barazzetti, B

ran-ca’s partner, and Jeffrey B

lankfort, photographer and close friend of B

ranca. Both panelists offered

heartfelt reflections on the context of Branca’s w

orks and paralleled 1960’s C

alifornia social justice move-

ments to those of today. K

athleen Cleaver, w

ho w

as featured in Branca’s docum

entary work on the

Black P

anthers, was also present. The event con-

cluded with a reception and background screening

of Branca’s C

alifornia materials: unedited interview

s of H

enry Miller, H

erbert Marcuse, R

aymond H

ewitt,

and more, along w

ith unedited speeches by James

Baldw

in, Jerry Rubin, and R

obert Kennedy.

October 24-25, 2016: Italian Film

in the 1960’s

Mia

Fu

ller, C

hair of the IES

Program

for the Study of Italy, and the other organizers of the event on the Italian film

maker A

nto

ne

llo B

ra

nc

a

27

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

October 25, 2016: D

eveloping EU-Focused A

ctivities at Com

munity C

olleges

Kie

s in Brussels (P

hoto By M

aria Kies)

Thom

as Kies, C

hair of Social S

ciences and instructor of Anthropology at B

erkeley City

College, gave a presentation at IE

S detailing his experiences touring the E

uropean P

arliament in B

russels, where he learned how

to develop EU

-focused activities within his

anthropology classroom. H

is talk started with an outlining of his goals for his tim

e over-seas, w

hich included a desire to gain insight into both the inner-workings of the E

urope-an P

arliament as w

ell as into the complexity of issues surrounding m

igration in the EU

. O

ne of the more notable aspects of his trip w

as that it took place during the Brexit refer-

endum, w

hich, he noted, offered a unique perspective on how the individual branches of

the Parliam

ent and Union as a w

hole function in such scenarios. He also had the unique

opportunity to visit imm

igrant comm

unities across Brussels, describing the experience as

one that offered a humanized perspective on policy discussions. H

e visited the Europe-

an Netw

ork Against R

acism, w

hich provided a firsthand look at the tackling of xenopho-bia across m

ember states. In conclusion, K

ies noted the different applications his time

in Brussels w

ill have in his various anthropology courses, thus enabling him to share the

same perspective he obtained abroad w

ith his students back in Berkeley.

28

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

October 28, 2016: The C

urrent State of the Germ

an Economy

With the support of the A

merican C

ouncil on Germ

any, IES

welcom

ed Timo Lochocki, Transatlantic

Fellow w

ith the Germ

an Marshall Fund, on O

ctober 28. In his lecture, Lochocki shed light on Germ

a-ny’s econom

ic involvement w

ithin Europe and its response to the refugee crisis. In the upcom

ing years, Lochocki believes G

ermany w

ill regain center stage in Europe and look to form

alliances with m

ore lib-eral-m

inded nations. He identified G

ermany’s hesitation to lead globally as a byproduct of its self-reliant

economy, disappointm

ent with key alliances, and exposure to nationalist discourse. A

s Lochocki observed, G

ermany has a lim

ited labor supply and a population that is expected to decrease from 87 m

illion to 75 m

illion in the next 30 years. With the m

edian age of Germ

an residents currently sitting at 46 years old, the reserve arm

y of labor to which G

ermany has becom

e accustomed has begun to dw

indle away. In short,

the majority of those expected to w

ork (which he classified as those aged 19-65) w

ill be working w

ithin the next one or tw

o years.

Furtherm

ore, Germ

any’s dependence on imports and exports doubled w

ithin the last year, signifying how

reliable trading partners are vital to the country’s economic success and global influence. S

ome spec-

ulate that Germ

any’s open borders and allowance of im

migration stem

from a need for im

ported skilled labor. Lochocki challenged this claim

, however, and pointed out that the popularization of anti-im

migration

rhetoric in Germ

any hints at underlying sentiments against such trends. To conclude, Lochocki offered in-

sight into the upcoming G

erman elections, predicting that G

ermany w

ill be left with a stable, pro-E

uropean governm

ent that will actively com

bat the rhetoric of the far-right opposition.

Tim

o L

oc

ho

ck

i (Transatlantic Fellow, G

erman M

arshall Fund)29

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

October 31, 2016: N

orthern Ireland’s Minister of Finance on B

rexit

Ev

e S

we

ets

er (C

hair Celtic S

tudies), Eric

Fa

lci (C

hair Irish Studies), M

inister Máirtín Ó

Muilleoir and IE

S D

irector Je

ro

en

De

wu

lf

In cooperation w

ith the UC

Berkeley C

eltic Studies P

rogram, the U

C B

erkeley Center for E

xecu-tive E

ducation and the Consulate G

eneral of Ireland, San Francisco, IE

S w

as honored to welcom

e M

áirtín Ó M

uilleoir, the Minister of Finance of the N

orthern Ireland Assem

bly, to the Berkeley cam

pus.

To begin his talk, Ó

Muilleoir described his entry into the political realm

through his election as a council m

ember of B

elfast in 1981 during the tumult of N

orthern Ireland’s hunger strikes. Belfast,

now a vibrant capital, faces a serious threat to its future as a flourishing and progressive city—

Brexit.

Following the U

nited Kingdom

’s referendum to leave the E

uropean Union, N

orthern Ireland, 56% of

whose population opposed such a secession, w

ill resultantly be subjected to a shift that will harm

its econom

y, which has already experienced a slow

rate of growth (a 1%

increase in comparison to the

Republic of Ireland’s 4%

increase). Ó M

uilleoir ultimately appealed to Irish A

mericans, calling for their

support of Northern Ireland’s display of dem

ocracy through pressuring the British P

arliament to honor

the Northern Irish m

ajority vote; through such forms of advocacy, he argued, N

orthern Ireland’s voice w

ill ultimately be heard. Follow

ing the talk, the impassioned discussion that took place betw

een the fifty invited attendees and Ó

Muilleoir highlighted the com

plex of concerns surrounding the outcome

of Brexit, in particular w

ith regards to the relations between N

orthern Ireland and the Republic of Ire-

land.

30

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Novem

ber 3, 2016: Gerald D

. and Norm

a Feldman Lecture – M

usic and Work

Novem

ber 3 marked the day of the highly anticipated G

erald D. and N

orma Feldm

an Annual Lec-

ture, an event held to honor the life and work of IE

S’ beloved form

er director, Gerald D

. Feldman.

This year, IES

had the privilege of hosting Celia A

pplegate, the William

R. K

enan, Jr. Chair of H

istory at Vanderbilt U

niversity, at the Bancroft H

otel, where she gave a talk on m

usic’s vital role in shaping the G

erman nation.

Specifically, she discussed how

the history of music and the history of w

ork are intertwined, reveal-

ing the affinities between “hom

o faber” (working m

an) and “homo ludens” (playing m

an). Apple-

gate focused her lecture on Germ

any in the half-century before the Great W

ar, a period in which the

precise relationship between m

usic and work interested a m

yriad of composers, scholars, m

usicians, and w

orkers. One such exam

ple can be found in Richard W

agner’s music dram

a Siegfried, w

herein S

iegfried forges a sword to the rhythm

of the score, a clip of which A

pplegate showed to dem

onstrate m

usic as intrinsic to working and living in the w

orld. Later, music developed a m

ore “sacred” or “tran-scendent” connotation—

as opposed to being associated with labor or play—

with the advent of the

Rom

antics and their preoccupation with em

otional fulfillment and spiritual transcendence.

Applegate also spoke about the w

ork of Germ

an economist K

arl Bücher, w

hose book Arbeit und

Rhythm

us was critical to the study of labor, m

usic and the human body, and their relation to eco-

nomic life. Follow

ing the talk came a reception for the 120 guests, com

plete with hors d’oeuvres and

music provided by the student cello group “C

elli”—a fitting and beautiful conclusion to a stim

ulating lecture.

Ce

lia A

pp

leg

ate

(Vanderbilt University)

31

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Novem

ber 8, 2016: Identity in the Current D

ebate Confronting C

atalonia and Spain

In cooperation w

ith the Institut Ram

on Llull and UC

Berkeley’s D

epartment of S

panish & P

ortuguese, IES

w

elcomed S

alvador Cardús i R

os, Ginebre S

erra Visiting Professor in C

atalan Studies at S

tanford Univer-

sity and Professor of S

ociology at the Universitat A

utònoma de B

arcelona, for a lecture on the current so-ciopolitical debates confronting C

atalonia and Spain. The talk centered itself around the question of w

heth-er or not such debates involve a conflict of identities and, if so, w

hether they warrant a reconsideration of

how the concept of “identity” should be understood. To begin, C

ardús outlined the major factors that have

contributed to the tense relations between C

atalonia and the rest of Spain. A

mong these triggers are the

restoration of Catalonian dem

ocracy in 1980, the failure to reform the C

atalan Statute of A

uthority in 2006, and the unfair econom

ic relationship Catalonia continues to have w

ith the Spanish governm

ent. These, along w

ith other factors, have resulted in dissatisfaction and, subsequently, an increase in the number of

people identifying themselves solely as C

atalan and not Spanish. D

emonstrating the w

idespread success of calls for m

obilization across Catalonia, he then highlighted som

e of the specific societal responses to the heightened tension, referencing the role of public dem

onstrations as well as unofficial votes and elections in

campaigning for independence.

In the final portion of his talk, C

ardús defined the independence movem

ent as “non-identitarian,” proposing that it has achieved support of over half of the C

atalan population because of its refusal to associate iden-tity w

ith ethnicity. Due to the large im

migrant and foreign presence in the region, he argued, any essentialist

demands w

ould have failed. He identifies the C

atalan language as a tool of recognition and cohesion that has only served to further unify the C

atalan people and promote the cause. To conclude, he argued that

identity in the context of Catalonia is not som

ething formed through content but, rather, serves as a contain-

er that evolves to better fit the demands of the tim

es. The talk was follow

ed by a lengthy discussion, during w

hich the thirty attendees attempted to com

pare the outcomes of the recent B

rexit referendum w

ith the po-tential results of the C

atalonian vote for independence as well as probed questions surrounding individual

parties’ stances on the issue.

Sa

lva

do

r C

ard

ús

i Ro

s (University A

utònoma de B

arcelona) with U

C B

erkeley’s Catalan lecturer A

na

-Be

lén

Re

do

nd

o-C

am

pillo

s

32

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Novem

ber 10, 2016: Economic C

risis Response in the N

ordic and Baltic C

ountries

IES

Director J

ero

en

De

wu

lf, Hilm

ar H

ilma

rs

so

n (U

niv. of Akureyri) and M

aria

Ca

rk

ov

ic (U

C B

erkeley Clausen C

enter)

In cooperation w

ith the UC

Berkeley C

lausen Center

for International Business and P

olicy, Professor H

il-m

ar þór Hilm

arsson, a visiting scholar from the U

ni-versity of A

kureyri School of B

usiness and Science,

Iceland, gave a talk on Novem

ber 10 entitled “Do A

s W

e Say and N

ot As W

e Do: C

risis Response and

Post C

risis Results in the N

ordic and Baltic C

oun-tries.“ H

ilmarsson discussed the E

uropean integra-tion of the N

ordic-Baltic region, consisting of S

we-

den, Norw

ay, Finland, Denm

ark and Iceland on the N

ordic side and Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania on the

Baltic end.

He presented an overview

to economic develop-

ment in the N

ordic and Baltic countries from

2005 to 2015, i.e. pre-crisis developm

ents, crisis effects and post crisis results. H

e explained that the Baltic

states where hit very hard by the 2008/9 econom

-ic and financial crisis and that the S

candinavian countries, especially S

weden, w

hich owns m

ost of the B

altic banking systems, insisted along w

ith the E

U on a fixed exchange rate policy w

ithin the Baltic

States and, for exam

ple, rejected an IMF proposal of

a sharp devaluation in Latvia. Latvia, consequently, im

plemented difficult austerity program

s. Hilm

arsson show

ed that this approach was very different to the

crisis response of Sw

eden itself in the 1990s, where

its currency depreciated sharply during that banking crisis, w

hich was follow

ed by a strong export lead

growth. S

weden thus insisted on fixed exchange rate

policies in the Baltics in 2008, a policy that it did not

follow itself in the 1990s. A

ccording to Hilm

arsson, this w

as mainly to rescue S

wedish banks and protect

banks in the Euro zone, w

hich feels like a “do as we

say and not as we do” m

essage to the Baltics. H

il-m

arsson also discussed the high unemploym

ent in the region and the problem

atic consequences that have caused the younger population to em

igrate from

the Baltic countries.

Finally, H

ilmarsson suggested the need for the B

al-tics to becom

e more com

petitive. This would in-

volve investment in vocational and higher education,

science, research, and infrastructure. He argued that

broader taxation is also needed, including a progres-sive tax rate to scale up incom

e tax across the board and higher tax on capital and land. H

e additional-ly believes that the B

altics need to strengthen their w

elfare systems gradually and invest m

ore in their healthcare system

s. The post-talk questions from the

19 listeners in the IES

seminar room

also touched upon B

altic concerns of border security following the

US

presidential election and questions regarding US

com

mitm

ent to NATO

.

33

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Novem

ber 14, 2016: European Perspectives on Representative B

ureaucracy

On N

ovember 14, E

ckhard Schroeter, P

rofes-sor of P

ublic Adm

inistration at the Zeppelin U

niversity in Germ

any, came to IE

S to speak on

European perspectives tow

ards representative bureaucracy. M

ore specifically, Schroeter ex-

plained how the large influx of im

migrants—

over 1.3 m

illion in less than two years—

has resulted in a dem

ographically disproportionate relationship betw

een Germ

any’s political representatives and the general population. The resulting socio-dem

o-graphic changes to the population have both led to the assignm

ent of greater importance to issues

surrounding identity politics as well as served as

a catalyst for what S

chroeter calls a “greater as-sertiveness of m

igrant groups in the political pro-cess.”

Since this realization, greater efforts have been m

ade in Germ

any to focus on ethnic minorities

being represented within the bureaucracy’s offi-

cials. Although this has m

ade positive changes in equitable representation, S

chroeter believes that categories such as gender, age and disabilities still need to be accounted for in order for the coun-try’s political system

to more accurately represent

its people.

As S

chroeter pointed out, 26 out of the 28 coun-tries in the E

U had plans for prom

oting inclu-sion, but only four of them

accounted for ethnic m

inorities. One w

ay in which this problem

has been addressed is through the anti-discrim

ination law

s of 2006, which led to a proactive recruitm

ent of m

inorities. In Berlin, for exam

ple, the ethnic mi-

norities hired in the police force increased from

1% to 25%

in the years between 2003 and 2013.

These hiring figures, he said, more accurately rep-

resent the city’s 25% Turkish background. A

nti-dis-crim

ination laws and other sim

ilar implem

entations have also prom

pted increased data collection for the dem

ographics of comm

unities across the Eu-

ropean Union. O

ne of the figures showed that the

United K

ingdom’s population w

as composed of

30% im

migrants, yet only 8%

of the mem

bers of public sector represented these varied ethnicities. A

ccording to Schroeter, such statistics are positive

because they will raise aw

areness of inclusivity as a salient issue in E

uropean countries.

IES

affiliated faculty mem

ber Ch

ris

An

se

ll (Political S

cience) and Ec

kh

ard

Sc

hro

ete

r (Zeppelin University)

34

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Novem

ber 15, 2016: Europe and the Pax Am

ericana

On N

ovember 15, Jan Techau, D

irector of the Rich-

ard C. H

olbrooke Forum at the A

merican A

cade-m

y in Berlin, delivered a lecture to an audience of fif-

teen on the Pax A

mericana and E

urope. Focusing less on the theoretical m

anifestations of this relationship, Techau began by defining E

urope through its three pri-m

ary structural elements: its historical instability, its ar-

tificial stability achieved during the 1940s through the U

nited States’ presence on the continent, and its status

as the easternmost extension of the P

ax Am

ericana in the W

estern world. W

ith this context established, he then delved into a discussion of the various long-term

trends that have played out in the E

uropean political m

arket.

The first trend he identified w

as that of internal pres-sures on the stability fostered post-W

orld War II.

Exam

ples of different manifestations of this internal

tension include the placement of the m

iddle class un-der system

atic economic pressure, the sophisticated

failure of the state to solve grandiose problems, and

the complex netw

ork of issues surrounding European

identity politics and integration. Following this overview

to internal pressures, Techau identified the various ex-ternal pressures also at play, including those related to R

ussia, Turkey, the Balkans, and the refugees from

the M

iddle East and A

frica. As a w

hole, he argued that these external pressures illustrate the effects of E

u-rope’s lim

ited influence and strategic presence in the regions that constitute its im

mediate neighborhood. A

third trend he identified was the relatively system

at-ic and discrete investm

ent of China into the E

urope-an econom

y. Uncoordinated w

ith Brussels, C

hina has tried to create constituency in E

urope in order to gain leverage over the governm

ents of individual EU

mem

-ber states, pointing to the country’s larger geopolitical goals to connect w

ith the major econom

ic powers of

the world. The fourth and final trend discussed w

as that of the system

atic reduction of the Am

erican footprint in E

urope, which Techau identified as an underlying

cause of the three other major trends. W

hile he does not foresee a com

plete abandonment of E

urope on the part of the U

nited States, he does question w

hether or not it w

ill remain present enough to continue its service

as the stabilizing power that has becom

e so crucial to E

urope’s development. Furtherm

ore, in light of Trump’s

recent election as the new president of the U

nited S

tates, he argued that Europe m

ust realize that it does in fact have to pull its w

eight in maintaining ties w

ith the U

nited States if it w

ants the current relationship to sur-vive.

To conclude, Techau argued that the dom

estic de-bates in E

urope, especially those surrounding the stabilization of the E

uro as well as the G

erman defense

comm

itment, are really debates about the hefty costs

of keeping the continent stable. It is, for him, a strate-

gic tragedy that the European people find the costs of

maintaining stability unm

anageable, for stability is a perm

anent investment that is w

ell worth the cost.

IES

Director J

ero

en

De

wu

lf with J

an

Te

ch

au (R

ichard C. H

olbrooke Forum, B

erlin)35

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Novem

ber 16, 2016: Confronting the N

azi Past in Art

On N

ovember 16, P

amela P

otter, Professor of G

erman and M

usic at the University of W

isconsin-Mad-

ison and Director of the D

AA

D C

enter for Germ

an and European S

tudies, gave a lecture to an au-dience of sixteen centered on the contents of her recent book, A

rt of Suppression: C

onfronting the Nazi

Past in the Visual and P

erforming A

rts. Potter engaged w

ith the history of various art forms, offering ev-

idence for how the post-w

ar period marked a tim

e of vibrant artistic expression that served as key in re-building the nation. O

n the one hand, art proved useful in the Allies’ denazification efforts, allow

ing them

to convince people to accept food rations and, with them

, denazification processes. Potter also, how

ever, delved into the com

plex process of judging the quality of art and the ideology of artists who m

ay have ben-efited from

a career led under the Nazi regim

e. Along these lines, she pointed to the difficulties in pinpoint-

ing whether or not som

e artists were N

azis and whether or not specific artistic w

orks reflected Nazi ide-

ology. She then cited three different exam

ples of artists affected by these difficulties: Gustav G

rundgens, W

ilhelm Furtw

aengler and Paul H

indemith. U

ltimately, P

otter offered a fascinating perspective on the com-

plicated relationship between artistic expression and G

ermany’s recovery as a nation follow

ing the horrors of the S

econd World W

ar.

Left: Pa

me

la P

otte

r (University of W

isconsin-Madison); Top: R

udolf Belling, Triad (center), D

egenerate Art E

xhibition, 1938; Bottom

: Rudolf B

elling, Max

Schem

ing, Great G

erman A

rt Exhibition, 1938

36

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Novem

ber 16, 2016: Rapid R

esponse—U

S Presidential Elections and the EU-U

S R

elations

On N

ovember 16, Jason W

ittenberg, Associate P

rofessor of Political S

cience at UC

Berkeley, gave an

insightful lecture hosted by IES

on the European perspective on the recent outcom

e of the presiden-tial election in the U

nited States. W

ittenberg detailed a variety of European opinions tow

ards the Am

eri-can P

resident-elect, Donald Trum

p. Sim

ilar to Am

ericans, many E

uropeans are shocked by the results, expressing concerns about the rise of right-w

ing radicalism and populist ideologies. M

any anti-establish-m

ent, right-wing groups in countries across E

urope, however, have been inspired by Trum

p’s election and hope that sim

ilar changes in power w

ill occur in their own countries. A

ccording to Wittenberg, this trend

has largely resulted from anti-im

migration sentim

ents that have swept across both E

urope and the United

States due to recent refugee and im

migrant crises. Tying these sentim

ents to Brexit, he also drew

paral-lels betw

een the Am

erican election and the United K

ingdom’s departure from

the European U

nion. Ulti-

mately, Trum

p’s election has instilled an air of uncertainty in both the United S

tates and Europe, w

ith peo-ple unsure of w

hat the future holds for international trade, war, nuclear w

eapons, imm

igration policy, and various social issues.

After the lecture, W

ittenberg engaged in discussion with the tw

enty-five inquisitive people in atten-dance. O

ne prominent question that em

erged pertained to what the left w

ing can do to shift power

back in their direction or, at the very least, to curtail the recent shift towards the radical right. In response,

Wittenberg expressed his belief that, in order to regain lost support, left-w

ing policymakers should express

more understanding for grow

ing concerns about imm

igrants. It is also imperative, he em

phasized, that they do not assum

e every right-wing supporter holds deeply racist or nativist view

s; instead, they must re-

mem

ber that such supporters might m

erely be concerned citizens looking for alternatives to current policy approaches to serious issues.

Prof. J

as

on

Witte

nb

erg

(Dept. of P

olitical Science)

37

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Novem

ber 17, 2016: Euro-Atlantic Populism

s and the Crisis of D

emocracy

Cosponsored by the U

C B

erkeley Center for E

xecutive Education and the E

ric M. W

arburg Chapter of

the Am

erican Council on G

ermany, IE

S, along w

ith an enthusiastic audience of thirty, welcom

ed Pro-

fessor Michael H

üther, Director at the C

ologne Institute for Econom

ic Research and current visiting pro-

fessor at Stanford U

niversity. Speaking from

his perspective as an economist and historian, he addressed

his views on several contem

porary issues and provided insight into the balance between liberty and secu-

rity in a globalized world. H

üther highlighted many of the risks facing the E

U, w

hich include the debt crisis, the unsure future of the E

urozone, the uncontrolled influx of refugees, the political dissonance between

mem

ber states, terrorism, fiscal fragm

entation, and Brexit. Through a m

ixture of historical inspection and em

pirical analysis, Hüther explored the econom

ic consequences of the Euro, the regional im

balances found across m

ember states, and the current vulnerability of the E

U. H

e portrayed Brexit as a problem

of the elite, im

plying that its ultimate outcom

e would rely on the respective standpoints of the U

K and the E

U

during negotiations. In conclusion, Hüther argued that the varied concerns surrounding the future of the

EU

must be tackled w

ith crisis managem

ent strategies, a promotion of integration, and a focus on the E

u-ropeanization of national policy as opposed to the renationalization of E

uropean policy.

IES

Director J

ero

en

De

wu

lf, Mic

ha

el H

üth

er (C

ologne Inst. for Econom

ic Research) and J

oh

an

ne

s B

ierm

an

n (Director S

an Francisco Wartburg

Chapter of the A

CG

)

38

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Novem

ber 17, 2016: Minority C

ultures and Diversity in the N

ordic Countries

As part of its N

ordic Studies P

rogram, IE

S

hosted a lecture on minority cultures and di-

versity in the Nordic C

ountries, featuring distin-guished speakers M

aths Reinhold B

ertell, Profes-

sor of Religion in the D

epartment of H

umanities at

Mid-S

weden U

niversity, and Galit H

asan-Raken,

Max and M

argarethe Grunw

ald Professor E

merita

of Folklore and Hebrew

Literature at the Hebrew

U

niversity of Jerusalem.

Bertell took the floor first, offering an overview

to the folkloric traditions of the S

aami in S

we-

den. Focusing more specifically on the m

anifesta-tion of the relationship betw

een man and nature

in Saam

i myth, particularly as occurs through the

symbol of the bear, he described the im

portant role folkloric tradition plays in constructing S

aa-m

i identity through its assignment of hereditary

importance to com

mon rituals and objects. In to-

day’s society, he observed, myth raises aw

are-ness of the roots of S

aami identity, inspiring the

current generation to infuse elements of its cultur-

al past into its present, everyday way of life.

After a brief com

parison of the Saam

i (an in-digenous, nom

adic people) with the Jew

s (m

igrants who tended to settle in urban areas),

Hasan-R

aken spoke about the minority position

of Jews in Finland, using her ow

n experience grow

ing up in Helsinki as an exam

ple for analy-sis. C

entering on the contributions of jokes, anec-dotes, and proverbs to the creation of a cultural im

aginary that expanded beyond the Baltic S

ea, she em

phasized that such productions embody a

collective mem

ory, inevitably influencing the for-m

ation of individual identities as well. W

ith both speakers’ presentations catalyzing an enthusias-tic discussion am

ongst the fifteen attendees pres-ent, the event offered an excellent opportunity for contem

plation of how the appeals of folklore point

to the deeply-rooted realities of the cultures of w

hich they are a part.

Ma

ths

Re

inh

old

Be

rte

ll (Mid-S

weden U

niversity) and Ga

lit Ha

sa

n-R

ak

en (H

ebrew U

niversity of Jerusalem) during their presentation at IE

S39

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Novem

ber 17, 2016: The European Court of Justice as the C

atalyst for a Closer

Union?

IE

S affiliated professor Vinod A

ggarwal hosted a presentation attended by ten faculty, students, and com

-m

unity mem

bers on the role of the European C

ourt of Justice (EC

J) in European integration. The lecture

featured two distinguished guest speakers: Yaniss A

iche and Wim

Vandenberghe, counsel and partner re-spectively of the E

U law

firm of S

heppard Mullin in B

russels.

Given the need to reassess the E

U in this challenging tim

e, Aiche began w

ith an overview of the long-

term challenges the E

U currently faces. P

olitically, two m

ajor issues are the tendency of mem

ber states to prioritize national interests over com

munal ones as w

ell as the problem of m

issing leadership am

id various challenges, including the Syrian refugee crisis and institutional expansion w

ithin the EU

. Eco-

nomically, the G

reek debt crisis continues to haunt its economy, w

hile the other southern European coun-

tries have consistently faced high labor costs that have led to little economic reflation. A

dditionally, the EU

has m

issed the “fourth industrial revolution,” a trend marked through a shortage of innovation and new

com

panies.

Vandenberghe then discussed the role of E

CJ. To start, he clarified that the responsibility of E

CJ is to

ensure that comm

unal EU

law is interpreted and applied the sam

e way in every E

U country. The judi-

cial activism of E

CJ is show

n by two m

echanisms: the suprem

acy of EU

law over national law

in areas of overlap, and the ‘trickling dow

n’ of EU

law to national law

, whereby national firm

s can appeal to EC

J for interpretation of E

U law

. An exam

ple he used was the P

ringle v. Ireland case, in which E

JC took a broader

interpretation of European solidarity, deviating from

the idea that bailouts are incompatible w

ith EU

law and

arguing that the EU

as a whole ought to be taken care of. Through this exam

ple, Vandenberghe illustrated that E

CJ, w

hile remaining faithful to the E

U’s founding values, also allow

s room for adaptations to societal

change.

IES

Affiliated S

cholar Vin

od

Ag

ga

rw

al (P

olitical Science), Y

an

iss

Aic

he

and W

im V

an

de

nb

erg

he

(Sheppard M

ullin)40

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Novem

ber 18, 2016: The Rise of Populism

in Europe and the United States

Pa

ul N

olte (Freie U

niversität Berlin) and IE

S D

irector Je

ro

en

De

wu

lf

IE

S w

elcomed P

aul Nolte, P

rofessor at the Freie Universität B

erlin and current Visiting Professor at S

t. An-

thony’s College, O

xford, for a lecture on the new w

ave of populism that is currently sw

eeping Europe and

the United S

tates, focusing specifically on the challenges posed to liberal democracy. N

olte stated that he sought to understand this phenom

enon within a broader historical perspective, paying particular attention

to mom

ents in the ‘60s and ‘70s, which w

ere marked by a culture of anti-elitism

as well as significant shifts

in political parties. One of his aim

s, he explained, was to identify the follow

ers and voters of populist parties and seek to understand the social origins of populism

as a cultural backlash against liberalization in an age of globalization.

Nolte divided the talk into five com

ponents to address these issues: 1. anti-elitism, 2. political culture and

party system, 3. socio-econom

ic change, 4. cultural change, and 5. concluding remarks on populism

in an age of am

biguity. In this intriguing lecture, Nolte discussed our m

odern definition of democracy, calling

into question the notion that it is purely about participation and majority votes. U

ltimately, he suggested that

the recent rise in populism arose from

anxieties over the increase globalization, the disappearance of both concrete and sym

bolic boundaries, and the subsequent lack of control that people feel in this “age of par-adox and fuzzy realities.” The lecture ended w

ith a lively discussion among the tw

enty people in the audi-ence on parallels betw

een populism in the U

S and E

urope.

41

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Novem

ber 30, 2016: Undergraduate Student C

onference in European Studies

Undergraduate conference in E

uropean Studies, w

ith the mem

bers of the jury and presenters Nitis

ha

Ba

ro

nia, K

ev

in M

ah

on

ey, D

ieg

o P

ara

da

, Zia

ng

Zh

ou, and Y

ina

n Z

ha

ng

The E

uropean Union S

tudent Am

bassador (EU

SA

) group, an official UC

Berkeley student or-

ganization supported by IES

and the European C

omm

ission, hosted its second Undergrad-

uate Conference in E

uropean Studies on N

ovember 30. D

uring the conference, participants presented research proposals answ

ering the question of whether or not a collective E

urope-an cultural or political identity exists. These proposals w

ere then judged by a panel of faculty and diplom

ats. This semester, the team

of judges was com

posed of Maria R

ipoll, Higher E

du-cation O

fficer at the French Consulate; H

elena Malikova, IE

S’ current E

U fellow

who w

orks in the E

U D

irectorate General for C

ompetition; IE

S D

irector Jeroen Dew

ulf, Spanish S

tudies Pro-

gram C

hair Em

ilie Bergm

ann, and IES

visiting scholar Max B

aumgart (U

niv. of Cologne). Four

UC

Berkeley undergraduate students, N

itisha Baronia, K

evin Mahoney, Ziang Zhou, and Yinan

Zhang, along with one B

erkeley City C

ollege student, Diego P

arada, were finalists and pre-

sented different perspectives on the question. Ultim

ately, Baronia, w

hose paper focused on the grow

th of rightwing populism

in Europe, w

as declared the winner. O

verall, the event offered a stim

ulating opportunity for the approximately fifty undergraduates, faculty, and com

munity m

em-

bers in attendance to consider the ever-so-prevalent issues surrounding the formation of a E

uro-pean identity.

42

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Decem

ber 1, 2016: The Perception by Nazi G

ermany of R

acial Violence in the US

To conclude its G

erman H

istory Lecture Series for

the fall semester, the C

enter for Germ

an and Euro-

pean Studies (C

GE

S) at IE

S w

elcomed Jonathan W

i-esen, C

hair of the Departm

ent of History at S

outhern Illinois U

niversity. His talk, w

hich centered around per-ceptions of lynching, covered the role of racial violence in the U

nited States in the developm

ent of the Nazi

imaginary. S

pecifically, he considered the question of how

Am

ericans’ treatment of m

inorities carried over into the G

erman context.

Lynching in particular, w

hich first appeared in Nazi

propaganda and writings in the 1930s, pushed the

party to puzzle through its own project of racial engi-

neering, leading to their identifying and learning from

the successes and failures of the Am

erican example.

As a party that prom

oted street justice as a valid ex-tension of courtroom

justice, the Nazis did not fully

disapprove of the practice of lynching; however, they

did have some accom

panying reservations. On the

one hand, they admired the w

ay in which A

mericans

both employed restrictions against racial interm

arriag-es as w

ell as implem

ented deportation as means of

addressing their “problematic” m

inority populations. O

n the other hand, however, they saw

many problem

s w

ith the Am

erican system. W

anting to stabilize racial order in the G

erman nation, N

azis were unnerved by

the fact that white people carrying out such acts of vi-

olence in the States did so in a chaotic m

anner. While

the methodology behind lynching in the U

nited States

could, in the Nazis’ opinion, be applied in their local

context, there were som

e major differences betw

een its application in the tw

o nations. For example, H

itler w

anted to establish segregation law on a national, not

state or municipal, level, som

ething the Am

ericans had not m

anaged to accomplish. H

itler also argued that, because G

erman Jew

s were not as disadvantaged

societally as the African A

mericans w

ere, segregation alone w

ould not prove productive. Propaganda served

as the primary m

eans of addressing this, with Jew

s being portrayed as the m

ajor contributors to the moral

and physical degeneracy of the Germ

an population.

In conclusion, W

iesen argued that the Nazis’ view

s of lynching and anti-black racism

in the US

were

confused and incoherent. While the “N

egro problem”

in Germ

any by no means m

irrored the “Jewish prob-

lem,” the N

azis were able to exploit attitudes tow

ards A

frican Am

ericans in their efforts to maxim

ize on the lessons lynching had to offer. In conjunction w

ith Wi-

esen’s sharing of some of the propagandistic im

ages discussed, the fifteen in attendance cam

e away w

ith a m

uch more enlightened understanding of the interrelat-

edness of Am

erican and Germ

an racial violence.

Prof. J

on

ath

an

Wie

se

n (Southern Illinois U

niversity)43

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Decem

ber 6, 2016: DA

AD

Graduate Student W

orkshop on Modern G

erman H

isto-ries

On D

ecember 6, D

er Kreis, a graduate student w

ork-ing group sponsored by IE

S via its D

AA

D grant,

organized a workshop on “M

odern Germ

an Histories”

held in the conference room of the U

C B

erkeley Social

Science M

atrix. Consisting in three panels, the w

ork-shop allow

ed six graduate students from S

tanford and U

C B

erkeley to discuss their work on a w

ide range of topics. These panels w

ere moderated by P

rofessors Tara Zahra (U

niversity of Chicago), E

dith Sheffer (S

tan-ford U

niversity), and Stefan-Ludw

ig Hoffm

ann (UC

B

erkeley).

Ian B

eacock (Stanford U

niversity) began with his paper

entitled “On E

motions &

Political Violence: The K

illing of W

alther Rathenau.” Through an engagem

ent with

parliamentary transcripts, cabinet docum

ents, news-

papers, and magazines, B

eacock sought to highlight a com

monly overlooked debate surrounding political

emotions that em

erged following the 1922 m

urder of W

alther Rathenau, G

ermany’s Jew

ish foreign minister

during the time. Then, M

aelia DuB

ois (UC

Berkeley)

presented her paper “The Man B

uilds the House, and

the Wom

an Keeps It!: Fem

inine Probity, P

racticality, and P

atriotism in the D

iaries of Wom

en Travelers and S

ettlers in East A

frica, 1860s-1920s,” in which she illu-

minated the role of m

otherhood during Germ

any’s im-

perial period.

Sheer G

anor (UC

Berkeley) also presented a pa-

per entitled “Forbidden Words, B

anished Voices.

Jewish R

efugees at the Service of B

BC

Propaganda

to Wartim

e Germ

any,” which explored the paradoxi-

cal importance of Jew

ish refugees’ positions within the

BB

C’s G

erman S

ervice in England. Later, B

enjamin

Hein (S

tanford University) spoke on “M

igration Backed

Securities. E

migrants U

nderwrite the N

ew Transatlantic

Econom

y, 1860-1873,” throughout which he exam

ined the em

igrant-cotton exchange between the A

merican

South and E

urope and how such transatlantic trade

stimulated the grow

th of Imperial G

ermany’s econom

y.

Next, E

lena Kem

pf (UC

Berkeley) engaged w

ith the legal im

aginations of Henry D

unant and Jo-hann-C

aspar Bluntschli in her paper, “W

ar, Law, and

Time: C

odifying International Hum

anitarian Law in Late

Nineteenth C

entury France and Germ

any.” Finally, Ju-lia W

ambach (U

C B

erkeley) highlighted the influence of the G

erman occupation of France on the French atti-

tudes towards their ow

n occupation of Germ

any follow-

ing the Second W

orld War in her paper, “In search of

the Germ

an resistance: experiences, expectations, and the French occupation of G

ermany 1945-1955.”

In all, the fifteen participants in the day’s proceedings benefited greatly from

the opportunity receive con-structive feedback on their w

ork as well as to engage in

the lively discussions that ensued following these pre-

sentations of forthcoming scholarship.

Participants at the IE

S-D

er Kreis graduate student w

orkshop44

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Decem

ber 12-13, 2016: Workshop on U

S-EU R

elations in Times of U

ncertainty

From

Decem

ber 12-13, IES

hosted a workshop entitled “U

S-E

U R

elations in Times of U

ncertainty: Crises and

Transatlantic Relations,” w

hich featured guest editors Marianne R

iddervold (University of O

slo, Norw

ay) and A

kasemi N

ewsom

e (University of C

alifornia, Berkeley), w

ho attempted to account for how

transatlantic relations have been im

pacted by the crises currently faced by the EU

. Central to each participating paper’s exam

ination of these re-lations w

ere questions pertaining to whether the E

U states have becom

e more unified or fragm

ented in their position on the U

S, as w

ell as the extent to which U

S and E

U relations have strengthened or w

eakened in different areas.

The topics and perspectives presented over the tw

o-day period proved vast and intriguing. Beverly C

rawford

(Berkeley) spoke on “M

oral Leadership or Moral H

azard? Germ

any’s Response to the R

efugee Crisis and its Im

-pact on E

uropean Solidarity and Transatlantic R

elations,” which centered on the rise of A

nti-Am

ericanism in G

erma-

ny and whether or not E

uropean and transatlantic solidarity should be the goal when it involves the sacrifice of the

universal human rights on w

hich the EU

was built. Jolyon H

oworth (Yale U

niversity) presented on European com

mon

security and defense policy, the desire for autonomy, and the necessity to re-think the relations betw

een the EU

and N

ATO in his paper “E

uropean Security A

utonomy and N

ATO: G

rasping the Nettle of A

lliance EU

-isation.” In “Suprana-

tional Governance, Transatlantic R

elations, and the Fear of Terrorism: From

Crises to Institutional C

hange?,” Christian

Kaunert (Free U

niversity Brussels) discussed the different roles played by exogenous shocks, transnational cross-bor-

der security threats, and supranational policy entrepreneurs in counter-terrorism cooperative efforts.

Akasem

i New

some’s “E

uropean Disunity and the C

ollapse of Schengen: W

hat Implications for the Transatlantic

Projection of S

oft Pow

er” built on the insights of Sjursen, Zielonka, Freyburg, and R

ichter to describe the effects of the reinstitution of borders on the future of E

U integration and projection of soft pow

er. Marianne R

iddervold's paper “U

nified in response to rising powers? C

hina, Russia, and transatlantic relations,” addressed transatlantic unity and

dissent in the face of geopolitical issues and how such trends im

pact not only our understanding of transatlantic relations, but also the future of global pow

er-relations. Finally, Michael S

mith (U

niversity of Warw

ick) explored the crisis of contem

porary multilateralism

and how the distinct responses to the problem

in the EU

and US

affect and reflect the reality of transatlantic relations in “The E

U, the U

S, and the C

risis of Contem

porary Multilateralism

.” Over

the course of the workshop, the tw

enty participants and attendees had the opportunity to engage in lively, productive discussions of the the diverse issues at hand, offering constructive criticism

s to the presented arguments that served

to both strengthen and expand upon this upcoming scholarship.

Participants at the w

orkshop on US

-EU

Relations in Tim

es of Uncertainty

45

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Decem

ber 14-16, 2016: DA

AD

Graduate W

orkshop on Jewish Identity in Europe

From

Decem

ber 14-16, Berkeley’s C

enter for Jewish S

tudies, in cooperation with IE

S, Ludw

ig-Maxi-

milians-U

niversität München (LM

U), and the G

erman A

cademic E

xchange Service (D

AA

D), hosted a

workshop for a group of tw

enty PhD

students entitled “Jews, G

ermans, and other E

uropeans: Modern E

n-counters.” E

ach day included a series of presentations broken into three sections, during which P

hD can-

didates from B

erkeley, LMU

, and beyond shared their research.

To open the program

, UC

Berkeley professor John E

fron gave introductory remarks, follow

ed by anopening discussion on G

erman Jew

ish History led by M

ichael Brenner (LM

U). Then, the first section of

presentations, entitled “From B

erlin to Vienna: Jews and P

olitical Culture in C

entral Europe” began, w

ith papers covering topics ranging from

Else Lasker-S

chüler’s poetic works, to the role of Zionism

in Germ

an political debates, to Jew

ish involvement in Viennese journalism

.

The second day began w

ith the next section of presentations, which related to the them

e “Betw

eenH

omeland and D

iaspora: European Jew

s and the Question of B

elonging.” Topics covered included the history of Yiddish prim

ers in Poland, tw

entieth-century Jewish archives, the evolution of Jew

ish intellectu-als’ positions in France, and Jew

ish identity negotiations in the interwar period. P

articipants also had the opportunity to engage in a w

orkshop on history, art, and material culture led by curator Francesco S

pag-nolo from

the Magnes C

ollection of Jewish A

rt and Life, as well as to screen Janina Q

uint’s 2015 docu-m

entary Germ

ans and Jews.

On the third day, the w

orkshop was brought to a close w

ith the final section of presentations, “New

Experiences in a N

ew S

urrounding: Germ

an Jews in Israel,” w

hich covered topics relating to Ger-

man-Jew

ish orientalism in P

alestine and Israel as well as the joint influence of ém

igré historians and Ger-

man history in the Israeli A

cademy.

Participants at the “Jew

s, Germ

ans, and other Europeans: M

odern Encounters” w

orkshop

46

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Decem

ber 16, 2016: European Studies Workshop for C

omm

unity College

Instructors

With the support of the G

etting to Know

Europe G

rant of the European U

nion and of the Title VI G

rantof the U

nited States Federal D

epartment of E

ducation, IES

closed its fall program w

ith a workshop

introducing comm

unity college faculty to the various resources and research being done in the field of Eu-

ropean Studies. Follow

ing a presentation on Brexit research m

aterials given by James A

. Church, Librar-

ian at UC

Berkeley’s D

oe Library, a number of P

hD students spoke about their them

atic and methodolog-

ical approaches to their individual projects. Christin Zurbach (D

ept. History) first presented on her paper

“’The Undiscovered C

ountry’: the 1923 Population E

xchange between G

reece and Turkey,” in which she

highlighted the effects of the collapse of the Ottom

an Em

pire and the rise of nationalist thinking in Greece

and Turkey. She also pointed to the potential parallels to be draw

n between the refugee crisis that resulted

and the Syrian one of today. Later, K

onrad Posch (D

ept. Political S

cience) introduced participants to the idea that “capitalism

” and “welfare” exist in different varieties, providing a practical fram

ework w

ithin which

to analyze and understand the differences between the political econom

ies of advanced industrial democ-

racies. Finally, Anna Levett (D

ept. Com

parative Literature, Univ. N

orth Carolina) gave an overview

to the surrealist concept of “m

ad love,” arguing that it did not originate in Europe but, rather, in the M

iddle East.

Ultim

ately, she demonstrated how

historical narratives can be both constructed and challenged. For the fifteen participants, the day offered an enlightening glim

pse of the diverse nature of the field of European

Studies as w

ell as provided the tools necessary to become involved in such research and adapt it for ped-

agogy.

Participants at the w

orkshop in European S

tudies47

Fall New

sletter 2016IN

STITU

TE O

F EU

RO

PE

AN

STU

DIE

S

Did you enjoy our presentations? D

o you want to see

more in the future? P

lease consider supporting the Institute of E

uropean Studies w

ith a financial donation. A

ll donations go towards bringing you quality, inform

a-tive events designed to broaden your know

ledge of E

uropean affairs and deepen cross-Atlantic relations.

Your generous gift will allow

us to expand our program

and ensure the consistent high quality and availability of our offerings. For m

ore information on donation options

to IES

, please contact IES

Director Jeroen D

ewulf at

jdewulf@

berkeley.edu Jeroen Dew

ulf D

irector, Institute of European S

tudies

207 Moses H

all U

niversity of California, B

erkeley C

A 94720-2316

Phone: (510) 642-4555

Em

ail: jdewulf@

berkeley.edu W

eb: ies.berkeley.edu

IES

Director J

ero

en

De

wu

lf, No

rm

a v

on

Ra

ge

nfe

ld-F

eld

ma

n, and P

rof. Ce

lia A

pp

leg

ate

(Vanderbilt University) w

ith IES

stu-dents at the 2016 Feldm

an Lecture

New

sletter StaffThe Institute of E

uropean Studies w

ould like to thank all of its Undergraduate R

esearch Apprentices for their tire-

less work throughout the sem

ester.

Lauren Dooley | E

ditor-in-Chief

Jacqueline Boland, A

lexander Cyr, Pu Jin, Sarah N

ordahl, Jasmine Schatz, A

drienne Solis, Sirpa Tuomainen, Ziang

Zhou, Madeline Zim

ring | Content

Alexander C

yr, Katie K

uruc, Akasem

i New

some, Jasm

ine Schatz, Sirpa Tuomainen | P

hotographs

Lauren Dooley | Layout and D

esign

Akasem

i New

some | S

upervision

48