IES-City Framework Draft IntroductionFebruary 8th 2018

Organized by

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Engineering Laboratory

Smart Grid and Cyber-Physical Systems Program Office

and our partner organizations listed beneath

In case of emergency

2

IES-City Framework Workshop

Academy HallRegistrationPublic Safety

Vista AB

Introduction

3

IES-City Framework

4

Agenda

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On Thursday February 8th

• What is the IES-City Framework Project• The Challenge – Diversity with limited driving force for convergence

• Market-driven: GCTC

• Technology-driven: IES-City Framework

• Results• IES-City Framework Draft

• IES-CityApplicationFrameworkTool

• Technology Suite Analyses

• The Review Process• Gather input from a broad array of stakeholders – 60 days

• Mature the draft to a 1.0 Version Release -- ~ 30 days

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IES-City Framework Overview

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IoT-Enabled Smart City Framework• Smart City technologies are being developed and

deployed at a rapid pace. • Many previous smart city deployments are custom

solutions. • A number of architectural design efforts are underway

worldwide but have not yet converged. • NIST and its partners convened a public working group

to distill a common set of architectural features from these architectural efforts and city stakeholders.

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Goal: A reference framework for the development

incremental and composable Smart Cities

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The Challenge - Divergent CPS/IoT Technology Landscape

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IES-City Framework and GCTC

Smart America

2014

GCTC 2015 &

2016

GCTC 2017 GCTC SC3

2018

Municipality

Provider ecosystemApplication

Super Cluster

Action Cluster

Multi-City Action

Cluster

Smart and Secure

• Action Clusters

• Super ClustersMarket Driven: GCTC

• Application Analysis

• Technology Suite Analysis

Technology Driven: IES-

City Framework

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IES-City Framework Consists of:

+

A Framework Document Set of Artifacts

Organization of the Framework Document

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SummaryElaboration of the ChallengeA look at two use cases – a day in the life; usage of IES-CityWhat the IES-City Framework provide

Use of this documentGuidance on the use of the framework for cities, policy makers and regulators, vendors/integrators, and standards development organizations

Smart City Application FrameworkStudy of the breadth of Smart City applications for: concerns, readiness, and benefits

Discovering Pivotal Points of InteroperabilityDiscussion of Pivotal Points of Interoperability (PPI), Zones of Concern (ZofC), and the NIST CPS Framework

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Elements of the Application Framework Tool

Dimension Description

Breadth: List of applications and related metrics

It consists of both a framework (metrics + tool) for evaluating the breadth (elaborated on the basis of existing models) and the list of evaluated applications

Readiness: A framework for assessing City’s Readiness

A List of Metrics + a tool to Assess the Readiness of Cities to Absorb Smart City Applications (elaborated on the basis of existing maturity models)

Benefits: A Framework to Measure Benefits Metrics + tool for measuring benefits that can be derived from Assimilated Applications

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IES-City Application Framework Tool

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IES-City Application Framework Tool

Under the hidden tabs are data sets:

Categories and subcategories and for each category

• CPS and ICT Requirements

• Readiness requirements

• Benefits

Visual Basic (Windows only right now … sorry) macros

Operate on “relational database”

Produce summary output tabs with

• Functional requirements

• Readiness

• Benefits

PPI

PPI

PPI

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Pivotal Points of Interoperability (PPI)

Independent

technology

deployments

With Pivotal

Points of

Interoperability

Potentially large

distance to

interoperability

Minimize

distance to

interoperability

Composable Smart Citiese.g. IPv6 address

e.g. TLS 1.2

e.g. REST APIs

e.g. Convert XML to JSON

Specs to Pivotal Points of Interoperability

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Potential PPI

Zone of Concerns: From PPI To Services

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Potential PPI Services

Zone of

Concerns =

bundles of

services that

address a

“vector” of

concerns

E.g. CyberSecurity Zone of Concerns: Authorization service + Confidentiality Service

Zones of Concern (ZofC)

Northbound

(Apps)Trusted WAN

Infrastructure

Southbound

(Devices)

19

ZoC may form key groupings

for Application Developers,

Infrastructure Providers, and

Device Manufacturers

Example bundles of services (from AWS)

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ZoC?

ZoC?

ZoC?

ZoC?

Southbound ZoC

Northbound ZoC

NIST CPS Framework

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Facets

Asp

ects

Conceptualization Realization Assurance

Functional

Business

Human

Trustworthiness

Timing

Data

Boundaries

Composition

Lifecycle

Activities

Artifacts

Use Case,

Requirements, …

Model of a CPS

Design / Produce /

Test / Operate

CPS

Argumentation,

Claims, Evidence

CPS Assurance

Manufacturing

Transportation

Energy

Healthcare

. . . Domain

Domains

Framing the Opportunity

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IES-City Framework

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A Day in the life

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Sweet Dreams, and Predictive Analytics

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Act, Confirm Predictions, Adjust

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https://static.pexels.com/photos/842324/pexels-

photo-842324.jpeg

Resilient Human/Smart Infrastructure Collaboration

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https://static.pexels.com/photos/327345/pexels-

photo-327345.jpeg

https://unsplash.com/photos/8Z_vbHQZ8lY

https://static.pexels.com/photos/263210/pexels-

photo-263210.jpeg

https://static.pexels.com/photos/303313/pexels-

photo-303313.jpeg

https://static.pexels.com/photos/580117/pexels-

photo-580117.png

Use Case 2 Process flow

Problem definition

• describe problem

• research solution space using Application Framework tools

• refine and elaborate requirements

RFI

• Request information from potential bidders to refine concepts

• Vendors consider CPS Normal Form of incumbent vs. their components

RFP

• Obtain proposals

• Vendors use PPI analysis to optimize their proposal for integration with incumbent

Acquisition and Build

• Select vendors

• construct and deploy application

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Using the IES-City FrameworkJoe

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Who can use the IES-City Framework• Cities and Communities

• Policy Makers and Regulators

• Vendors and Integrators

• Standards Development Organizations

• Academic Researchers

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Break

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ApplicationFramework Tool

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Agenda• Overview of Smart City Application Framework

• Breadth

• Readiness

• Benefits

• Case Studies

• Demonstration of the Application tool

Smart City Application Framework

Objectives:

• Evaluating a list of cases that they are implementing in order to better manage their resources and deliver services to their citizenry.

• Identifying the needs and priorities of a city and assess on whether the city is ready from a technical point of view for absorbing "smarts”.

• Measuring the benefits that can be expected from the solutions evaluated and/or determine whether the goals (benefits) have been accomplished

Dimension Description

Breadth: List of applications and related metrics

It consists of both a framework (metrics + tool) for evaluating the breadth (elaborated on the basis of existing models) and the list of evaluated applications

Readiness: A framework for assessing City’s Readiness

A List of Metrics + a tool to Assess the Readiness of Cities to Absorb Smart City Applications (elaborated on the basis of existing maturity models)

Benefits: A Framework to Measure Benefits

Metrics + tool for measuring benefits that can be derived from Assimilated Applications

Evaluate Breadth

Objectives:

• Definition of an approach for evaluating the breadth of applications: this approach will be developed starting from some existing models

• Definition of a framework for evaluating the breadth of applications: practically this framework will be a software tool, based on the defined evaluation approach.

To evaluate the breadth, it is necessary to:

• classify the applications' kind or type

• define sets of requirements for each application's category and subcategory

The tool satisfied the needs for different potential users

• Technical and other stakeholders that prior to developing an application need to know the requirements that such an application has to satisfy

• City managers that need to be assured that the technical requirements to be satisfied match the city reality, in terms of existing infrastructure and plan for deploying new ones

• Application vendors that desire to evaluate the breadth of an application that they have developed.

Category: Wider area where an application is to be applied to improve everyday urban life. It is characterized by specific issues/priorities, includes Built Environment, Water and wastewater, Waste, Energy, Transportation, Education, Health, Socio-economicdevelopment, and Public safety, Policy & emergency response.

Sub-category: a specific part of a category.

Concern: perspective of analysis by which

an application can be evaluated.

Aspect: a major category of concerns.

Geo-domains: a geographical area that

is considerable from a smart city

perspective such as Home, Building, City,

Land, Country, Mainland.ICT Architecture level: a level of an ICT architecture; in the scope of this work,

four levels have been identified as

relevant: "Sensor", "Data", "Application",

"User-Interface".

List of Requirements for the following kind of Smart City applications (Built Environment/ Smart Building)Aspect Concern Abstract requirements Specific implementation

requirementsFunctional Actuation - to control building energy systems - actuation capabilities

- smart devicesCommunication - capacity to exchange information internal to the

system - Home management systems- Sensor network

Functionality - energy management- alarm management- fault detection and diagnosis

- Automation andreal-time analytics- integration withutilities and cityinfrastructure

Controllability - to remotely control/access to the systems - Internet connection- remote control software

Performance - to provide feedback in time to act - fast and reliable network- real-time systems

Physical context - to detect presence of people - sensors (motion, presence, ...)Sensing - to detect presence of people

- persistent communications- to elaborate data received from home energy systems- capacity to analyse and elaborate received data and make decisions

- sensors- persistent communications technologies- decision support systems

MonitorabilityHuman Usability - to provide human readable, unambiguous and

aggregated data

List of requirements for Smart Building application, involving the data level for geo-domain

Evaluate Readiness• A comprehensive and easy-to-use tool for cities to make a quick and prudent decision to

identify and deploy smart city applications.

• Concise set of metrics and indicators to measure progress.

• Allow a quick, high-level readiness assessment that can be followed up with a much more robust and long-term assessment process.

• Assist policymakers in prioritizing actions (i.e. procurement, indirectly highlighting most pressing needs, etc.)

• Assist stakeholders in determining, at a first pass, whether a city has an existing infrastructure that will make applications to integrate.

• Once a smart city project is engaged, more detailed analytical tool may be needed to aid in the specification and implementation process

Strategic Intent TechnologyData Open data/information

platform

ICT Infrastructure/Technologies Internet network

BroadcastingSensors networks

Computer/laptop Governance & Service Delivery Models

Integrated management center

Emergency response

Services deliveries

Stakeholder Engagement Citizen Education

Web portal/mobile apps/online services

4 layers of strategic intents

including: 1)Data, 2) ICT

infrastructure/Technologies,

3)Governance & Service Delivery

Models, 4) Stakeholder

Engagement

For more details, it includes12

detailed technologies, and 39

readiness metrics. (Please see the document)

List of Readiness Parameters for the following kind of Smart City applicationsCategory: Built environmentSub-Category: Smart Home

Strategic Intent Technology Readiness parametersData Open data/information platform - Current sources of open data from government services

ICT Infrastructure/Technologies Internet network - Substantial percentage of households with internet access- Availability of fixed broadband subscriptions

BroadcastingSensors networks - Availability of sensors network infrastructure

- Substantial percentage of smart phones and tablets

Computer/laptop Governance & Service Delivery Models

Integrated management center

Emergency responseServices deliveries - 24/7 ICT Services

- Information security of public services and systems- Availability of services to support persons with specific needs -regardless of ability and affordability

Stakeholder Engagement Citizen Education - Availability of education program for citizens on smart city applications

Web portal/mobile apps/online services

- Most web portals/Apps are universally accessible (also compliant to disabled persons)(support)- Availability of programs for online citizen engagement

Example of set of a complete readiness table for a particular sub-category

Evaluate BenefitsObjectives:

• Assist cities to parameterize the necessary investment of public resources for a smart city designation.

• Evaluate benefits for deploying possible technologies for all involved stakeholders – public sector (city government), private sector (enterprises/private firms) and citizenry.

• Optimize the usage of available capacity and resources to maximize benefits to all.

• Instead of striving for physical growth, it is important that cities start to measure how wisely they consume resources, and how well they maintain high quality of life, and how smart they are enable economic prosperity and social equability and environmental sound.

Domains Categories Sub-categories

Public Sector

Economic Benefits IntegrationEmploymentLeverage of private fundingProsperityCost savingEconomic resiliency

Pricing

Environmental Benefits Energy ConservationWater ConservationWaste reductionRaw Materials conservationEnvironmental QualityEcology System Protection

Natural Hazard Prevention

Social Benefits

Public ServiceGovernanceEquitability

Attraction

Benefit categories and subcategories for public sector (please see more detailed metrics in the document)

Domains Categories Sub-categories

Private sector

Economic Benefits

Business development

New market opportunities

Employment

Cost savings

Productivity growth

Environmental Benefits

Energy conservation

Water conservation

Waste reduction

Raw Material Conservation

Environmental quality

Social BenefitsService delivery

Management

Benefit categories and subcategories for Private sector (please see more detailed metrics in the document)

Domains Categories Sub-categories

Citizenry

Economic Benefits Cost savingEconomic resiliencyProductivityEmpowermentEconomic activity

Time saving

Environmental Benefits

Energy ConservationWater ConservationWaste reductionRaw Materials conservation

Built environment quality

Environmental incidents alert

Social BenefitsCreativityLivabilityEquitabilityCitizen engagementPublic safetySocial cohesionSkills developmentPrivacy protection

Benefit categories and subcategories for Citizenry (please see more detailed metrics in the document)

List of Benefits Parameters for the following kind of Smart City applications

Category: Built environment

Sub-Category: Smart Building

Sector Kind Benefits

Public Sector

Economic Benefits - Employment: Create more job opportunities- Leverage of private funding: Provide public-private-partnership opportunities- Prosperity: Promote local GDP Growth- Prosperity: Attract FDI or promote inward investment- Prosperity: Develop more revenues opportunities- Cost saving: Decrease cost in serving citizens

Environmental Benefits - Energy Conservation: Reduce community-wide energy consumption/GHG emissions - Energy Conservation: Promote community-wide use of clean energy- Water Conservation: Reduce community-wide water consumption - Water Conservation: Increase community-wide wastewater recycling and reuse- Waste reduction: Reduce community-wide solid waste generation and disposal - Waste reduction: Increase community-wide solid waste diversion/ recycling rate - Environmental Quality: Reduce community-wide Air Pollutants emissions- Environmental Quality: Reduce and prevent water contamination releases to public area- Environmental Quality: Reduce and prevent hazardous waste releases to public area- Ecology System Protection: Protect the habitat for animals and other species- Biodiversity Protection: improve livable environment for city

Social Benefits - Attraction: Increase city's attraction to residents and visitors

Example of set of Benefits table of a particular Sub-category for public Sector

Applications Case StudiesWireless water meter: New York City's Automated Meter Reading (AMR) system consists of

817000 individual water meters all over the city. Each of them is connected to a low-power

radio transmitter that sends water readings to rooftop receivers in a certain frequency. The

receivers transmit the data to a Network Operations Center using a secure citywide

telecommunication network. Customers can view their water usage data and pay bills online.

Thus, saved over $3 million per year by avoiding manual meter readings.

Category/Subcategory: Built Environment / Smart Home

Benefits:• Decrease cost in serving citizens• Decrease cost in paying for utility,

includes electricity, natural gas and water, etc.

• Reduce residential water consumption• Increase residential wastewater recycling

and reuse• Promote business development and

increase revenue opportunities• Reduce operation and management cost

Readiness:• Substantial percentage of households

with internet access• Current sources of open data from

government services• Substantial percentage of smart phones

and tablets • 24/7 ICT Services• Information security of public services

and systems

Smart Waste bins: BigBelly uses integrated wireless sensors to detect trash level, alerting sanitation services to collect the waste. The unit is capable to fill with five times more waste than the ordinary garbage bin thanks to solar-powered compaction. BigBelly estimates their solution improves waste collection efficiency by 50-80%.

Category/Subcategory: Waste/ Collection and Segregation

Benefits:• Provide public-private-partnership opportunities• Reduce cost in governance operation and maintenance• Decrease cost in serving citizens• Reduce community-wide solid waste generation and

disposal• Increase community-wide solid waste diversion/ recycling

rate • Improve livable environment for city• Create more job opportunities for private firms

Readiness:

• Current sources of open data from government services• Availability of online city information• Availability of WiFi in public areas• Availability of sensors network infrastructure• High City coverage with 3G enabled mobile network• 24/7 ICT Services• Information security of public services and systems

Vision Zero fatality: The Seattle Department of Transportation is collaborating with Microsoft, the nonprofit DataKind, and data scientist from University of Washington; HERE maps, and many others to use data to create predictive models for crash probabilities, aiming to reduce bicycle and pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries to zero with a systemic approach. This Vision Zero Plan sets an aggressive goal to reach zero traffic-related deaths and serious injuries by 2030. Reducing crashes result in saving lives, reducing congestion, lowering the monetary and reducing burdens on first responders. The number of Vision Zero communities has surpassed 30 now.

Category/Subcategory: Transportation/Traffic management

Benefits:• Reduce cost in governance operation and maintenance• Decrease cost in serving citizens• Improve decision-making process and operation

efficiency of governance entity within one department or across others

• Improve social equitability• Increase city's attraction to residents and visitors• Improved health and well-being of citizens• Improve public safety and security via video

surveillance, fire and smoke alarms and other ICT enabled devices.

Readiness:• Availability of online city information• Availability of sensors network infrastructure• Substantial percentage of smart phones and

tablets • Use of Integrated Management & Command

Centre• Availability of needed citizen centric services over

Mobile Applications/website portal - require support to continuously provide value to users

• 24/7 ICT Services

Bus information service: Orlando launched a public bus system LYNX which provide massive public services connecting Orange County with surrounding city, towns and counties. The LYNX provides web-based services to customers for accessing information on ticket price, transit service areas, crashes, construction sites, roadblocks, tracking bus schedule & location in a real-time, and providing interactive map to allow users to find closest routes and bus stops.

Category/Subcategory: Transportation / Travel demand or consumption

Readiness:• Current sources of open data from

government services• Availability of online city information• Substantial percentage of mobile-cellular

telephones• Use of Integrated Management &

Command Centre• High City coverage with 3G enabled

mobile network• 24/7 ICT Services• Availability of needed citizen centric

services over Mobile Applications/website portal - require support to continueslyprovide value to users

• Most web portals/Apps are universally accessible (also compliant to disabled persons)(support)

Benefits:• Reduce cost in governance

operation and maintenance• Decrease cost in serving citizens• Improve public service deliveries• Improve decision-making process

and operation efficiency of governance entity within one department or across others

• Improve social equitability• Increase city's attraction to

residents and visitors• Increase the efficiency of the

enterprise management• Enhance governance transparency

ROSE- Real Time Operational Smart Grid for Europe: ROSE project is the technical and economic viability of Intelligent Smart & Micro Grid nodes, interconnected with Smart Aggregator for global optimization as an effective way to implement an open, active demand/response system integrated with the Grid. It based on 3 elements: 1) Micro-Grid/Smart Grid, 2) Smart Aggregator, 3)DSO (Distribution System Operators) Integration. ROSE can provide day-ahead production scheduling of dispatchable sources and storage exploiting renewables forecast and optimization techniques, and real-time optimal control of production and storage systems.

Category/Subcategory: Energy/ Energy Transmission and Distribution

Benefits:• Provide public-private-partnership opportunities• Reduce cost in governance operation and maintenance• Reduce economic loss• Decrease cost in serving citizens• Reduce community-wide energy consumption/GHG

emissions Increase• Promote community-wide use of clean energy• Catalyze development of new products and services• Promote business development and increase revenue

opportunities

Readiness:• Substantial percentage of households with

internet access• Extremely high reliable broadband• Use of Integrated Management & Command

Centre• Availability of online city feedback mechanisms• Government access to cloud services• Availability of sensors network infrastructure• Information security of public services and

systems

4K Microscopy: Next-Generation STEM Education: Chattanooga’s 4K Microscopy Education Program gives K-12 students the opportunity to do authentic research with the most advanced technologies available in ultra high definition video and microscopy. Such a high quality level of programming and research has raised students’ engagement and confidence—rather than just being told what the future might look like for their college science classes —they are actively taking part in the future.

Category/Subcategory: Education/ Learning and teaching

Benefits:• Decrease cost in serving citizens• Reduce cost by being able to pick from widest variety of solutions possible• Improve public service deliveries• Increase city's attraction to residents and visitors• Reduce cost in purchasing products or services• Enhance creativity of citizens• Provide lifelong skills development opportunities to citizens, industrial

employees or government employees.• Catalyze development of new products and new service ideas

Readiness:• Availability of Internet access in schools• Availability of ultra high speed wireline connection• Extremely high reliable broadband• Extremely high reliable mobile broadband• Substantial percentage of smart phones and tablets • Substantial percentage of households with computer/laptop• Availability of services to support persons with specific needs - regardless

of ability and affordability• Adult Literacy Rate - High percentage of households with at least one

family member who is digitally literate • Availability of education program for citizens on smart city applications• Most web portals/Apps are universally accessible (also compliant to

disabled persons)(support)• Existence of systems, rules and regulations to ensure privacy protection in

public service

City Open Data Platform: The London Datastore was one of the first platforms in the world to publish open data and make it public accessible. This Datastore receives over 30,000 visits a month and more than 450 transport app has been created using open data. This encourages the development of products new business model, and creation of better, more cost effective, services for all Londoners.

Category/Subcategory: Socio-economic development / E-Governance

Benefits:• Improve economic integration• Provide public-private-partnership opportunities• Promote local GDP Growth• Improve public service deliveries• Improve decision-making process and operation

efficiency of governance entity within one department or across others

• Reduce cost in governance operation and maintenance

• Decrease cost in serving citizens• Enhance governance transparency• Reduce duplication of city effort from different

departments with enhanced procurement process

• Improve social equitability• Increase city's attraction to residents and visitors• Provide opportunities to enhance public

participation in public affairs or activities• Enhance creativity of citizens• Improve community connectivity• Promote business development and increase

revenue opportunities• Engage and leverage Small and Medium

Enterprises (SME) community• Accelerate new business start-ups• Incubate innovative technologies and accelerate

new product disruptions

Readiness:• Current sources of open data from

government services• Availability of online city information• Substantial percentage of households with

internet access• High City coverage with 3G enabled mobile

network• Substantial percentage of smart phones and

tablets• Use of Integrated Management & Command

Centre• Availability of online city feedback

mechanisms• Government access to cloud services• Adult Literacy Rate - High percentage of

households with at least one family member who is digitally literate

• Most web portals/Apps are universally accessible

Smart platform for data management: City of Genoa, Italy uses FIWARE (fiware.org), a public, open-source platform that eases the development of Smart applications, to improve the process of collecting and processing environmental data from meteorological sensors (e.g. meteor-radar, rain gauge, hydrometric, etc.) coupled with existing geo-referential data about major infrastructures and exposed people. The data will be used to provide weather nowcasting for preventing hydrogeological risk, and providing mid/long-term forecasting to address the Climate Change risks related.

Category/Subcategory: Public Safety, policy & EM. Res/Prevention and managing of natural disasters

Benefits:• Reduce economic loss• Decrease cost in serving citizens• Protect the habitat for animals and other species• Reduce the occurrence and impact of natural hazards or man-made

disasters• Enhance alert of natural hazard or man-made disaster• Improve public safety and security via video surveillance, fire and smoke

alarms and other ICT enabled devices.

Readiness:• Current sources of open data from government services• Availability of online city information• Substantial percentage of digital broadcasting network• Availability of sensors network infrastructure• Use of Integrated Management & Command Centre• Centralized collaboration between emergency response, police, fire, water,

power• Availability of online city feedback mechanisms• Government access to cloud services• 24/7 ICT Services• Availability of needed citizen centric services over Mobile

Applications/website portal - require support to continuously provide value to users

• Most web portals/Apps are universally accessible (also compliant to disabled persons)(support)

• Substantial use of social media by the public sector

StormSense: City of Newport News, City of Norfolk, City of Virginia Beach, and City of Hampton use new state-of-the-art high resolution hydrodynamic models driven with atmospheric model weather predictions to forecast flooding from storm surge, rain, and tides at the street-level scale to improve disaster preparedness. The project can effectively predict the timing of flooding and flooded evacuation routes, aid in rerouting emergency routes for public safety, thus saving lives and reducing property damages.

Category/Subcategory: Public Safety, policy & EM. Res/Flood monitoring and foresting

Benefits:• Reduce cost in governance operation and maintenance• Reduce economic loss• Decrease cost in serving citizens• Protect the habitat for animals and other species• Reduce the occurrence and impact of natural hazards or

man-made disasters• Enhance alert of natural hazard or man-made disaster• Improve public safety and security via video surveillance,

fire and smoke alarms and other ICT enabled devices. Readiness:• Current sources of open data from government services• Availability of online city information• Substantial percentage of digital broadcasting network• Availability of sensors network infrastructure• Use of Integrated Management & Command Centre• Centralized collaboration between emergency response, police, fire,

water, power• Availability of online city feedback mechanisms• Government access to cloud services• 24/7 ICT Services• Availability of needed citizen centric services over Mobile

Applications/website portal - require support to continuously provide value to users

• Most web portals/Apps are universally accessible (also compliant to disabled persons)(support)

• Substantial use of social media by the public sector

Demonstration of Application tool

Category choice

Sub-Category choice

ICT Levels and Geo-domain choice

Input sheet of the developed tool

IES-City Framework Details: Technology Analysis Marty

62

CPS Framework Concerns

63

NIST CPS Activities

1. Science/Foundations

2. Guidance to design and engineering

3. Concern-driven requirements

4. Tools that integrate with established technical and organizational processes

5. CPS Testbed

64

The Smart Grid and Cyber-Physical Systems (SGCPS) Program Office at NIST consists of ongoing programs around CPS and IoT that aim to provide:

CPS Framework

Common XML format –Model of CPS

CPS andAssurance of CPS

Requirements modeling tool

CPS Framework Use

Case/Aspects/Concerns Analysis

Design Exploration / Model Driven

Development / Continuous IntegrationTools

Design Verification and Validation and

Assurance Tools

logical

Logic

Physics

physical

Cyber-Physical Systems

What is a Cyber-Physical System (CPS)?

65

Cyber-Physical Systems comprise interacting digital, analog, physical, and human components engineered for function through integrated logic and physics.

Internet of Things (IoT) emphasizes digital infrastructure for widely connected, interacting, physical ‘things,’ forming systems that integrate logic and physics for function.

NIST Smart Grid and Cyber-Physical Systems Program Office

logical

Logic

Physics

physical

Cyber-Physical Systems

How we Design, Build and Test Systems of Systems

• Develop requirements.

• Specify the system, sub-systems and components.

• Build components.

• Unit test components.

• Assemble and test sub-systems.

• Assemble and test/validate full system.

66

67

Dec 2007

EISA SG Legislation

Smart Grid

Feb 2013

Executive Order

Cybersecurity

June 2013

Climate Action Plan

Community Disaster Resilience

2008 2009 2011 2013 2015 20162010 2012 2014

June 2013

Big Data

June 2014

Cyber-Physical Systems

2010

Cloud Computing

Smart America/Global Cities

Frameworks – NIST Convening of Stakeholders

• Frameworks: documented conceptual structures that organize and make clear collective wisdom (vision, principles, underlying structure, functions, requirements, …)o Frameworks are created with technical expertise and consensus-

based process

Perspectives, Viewpoints, Views, … Communities of practice, processes, …

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Dec 2007

EISA SG Legislation

Smart Grid

Feb 2013

Executive Order

Cybersecurity

June 2013

Climate Action Plan

Community Disaster Resilience

2008 2009 2011 2013 2015 20162010 2012 2014

June 2013

Big Data

June 2014

Cyber-Physical Systems

2010

Cloud Computing

Smart America/Global CitiesPriority

Action

Plans

(PAPs)

Frameworks – NIST Convening of Stakeholders

NIST CPS Public Working Group (CPSPWG)

• Goal: create CPS Framework to support CPS research, development and deployment (applicable to CPS and Internet of Things IoT)

• Need: multi-domain perspective baked in• Applicable within all CPS domains, supports cross-CPS domain applications

Smart

infrastructure

(grid, water, gas,

…)

Smart

buildings

Smart

transportationSmart

manufacturing

Smart

healthcare

Many

more!!Smart

emergency

response

CPS Framework

Actors

Goals

use

69

CPS Framework Development

70

CPS Stakeholders(Societal, Business

& Technical)

Assured CPS

ConceptualizationFacet

RealizationFacet

AssuranceFacet

What things should be and what things are supposed to do

How to prove things actually work the way they should

How things should be made and operate

Raw CPS concerns

Asp

ect

s an

d

Co

nce

rns

Model of CPS

Instance of CPS

CPS Assurance

CPS Framework

CPS Framework

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‘Concern-driven’: holistic, integrated approach to CPS/IoT concerns.

• CPS Framework Release 1.0 (May2016) available at https://pages.nist.gov/cpspwg/

Purpose of the CPS Framework

• Concern-driven approach to CPS: to facilitate concern-specific assurance cases (by representing or analyzing a system along these dimensions, points of commonality or interoperability with other systems are revealed)

• Standardized representation of CPS/IoT systems (common way of presenting CPS/IoT that enables comparison of what is done, across the system, for the sake of any individual concern)

• Method for integrating CPS/IoT across domains – the future of CPS/IoT is cross-domain integration. While some domains may have robust, integrated approaches to some concerns, there are typically radically different standards across domains.

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CPS Framework is NOT A PROCESS!!

It is a method for integrating concerns into systems engineering processes!

Aspects (groupings/categories of concerns)

FunctionalConcerns about function including sensing, actuation, control, communications, physicality, etc.

Business Concerns about enterprise, time to market, environment, regulation, cost, etc.Human Concerns about human interaction with and as part of a CPS.

TrustworthinessConcerns about trustworthiness of CPS including security/cybersecurity, privacy, safety, reliability, and resilience.

TimingConcerns about time and frequency in CPS, including the generation and transport of time and frequency signals, timestamping, managing latency, timing composability, etc.

Data Concerns about data interoperability including fusion, metadata, type, identity, etc.

BoundariesConcerns related to demarcations of topological, functional, organizational, or other forms of interactions.

Composition

Concerns related to the ability to compute selected properties of a component assembly from the properties of its components. Compositionality requires components that are composable: they do not change their properties in an assembly. Timing composability is particularly difficult.

Lifecycle Concerns about the lifecycle of CPS including its components.

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CPS Framework Facets, Activities and Artifacts

In using the framework to analyze and document CPS, a series of activities is performed. For example, a typical waterfall-like process will include:

• use case development

• functional decomposition

• requirements analysis

• design

• etc.

An activity produces one or more artifacts.

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CPS

CPS Assurance

Model of CPS

Conceptualization Activities

Realization Activities

Conceptualization Facet

Assurance Facet

Realization FacetAssurance Activities

For example, the activities and associated artifacts

of the conceptualization facet commonly include:

Mission and Business Case DevelopmentArtifact: Business use cases

Functional DecompositionArtifact: Detailed use cases, actors, information exchanges

Requirements AnalysisArtifact: Functional and non-functional requirements

Requirements AllocationArtifact: HW/SW configuration Items

Interface Requirements AnalysisArtifact: Interface requirements

Analyzing and Developing CPS75

Functional Decomposition (Logical and Physical)

Vehicle provides automated collision safety function

Vehicle provides/maintains safe stopping

Braking function reacts as required

Messaging function receives distance to obstacles and

speed from propulsion function

Distance and speed info is understood by braking

function

Stopping algorithm provides safe stopping

Friction function provides appropriate friction, depending

on the road, tire pressure, etc.

Safety “Properties” of a Function:

Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)

Generate System PropertiesApply Aspects/Concerns

Fun

ction

al Deco

mp

ositio

n/A

llocatio

n

Business Case

Use Case ‘feature’

CPS

Logical

Physical

Influences

Energy

CPS/Function Types

Messages

Info

*transductions

Building Concern-Specific Assurance Cases

Property-Tree of a CPS

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Formal Methods for Assurance of a CPS

Semantics of CPS Framework

… defines composition of concerns

Technical Analyses Reviews

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Do they address concerns?

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Northbound ZofC

What solutions did they use?

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Northbound ZofC

Zones of Concern

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Insert examples of ZofC

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oneM2M ZofC

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Synchonicity: ZofC

ESPRESSO ZofC

IOT/CPS

Access Services and Domain Services

Data Lake Data Zone

Other

Appl Zone

Device Zone

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The review process

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Review Process in a nutshell

• Download the framework document and artifacts

• Click on the “Comment” link to create a response email

• Provide comments either by marking up pdf or in the email or other document

• Be sure to identify section numbers and line numbers

• For the spreadsheets, identify which spreadsheet and which tab row/column

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1) Go To https://pages.nist.gov/smartcitiesarchitecture/

Review Process in a nutshell

2) Review Period will be 60 days from February 8th 2018

3) IES-City Framework team will address comments over the following ~30 days

4) A version 1.0 release will be posted on the web site

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… Also• Please consider contributing additional analyses using the • Consider how you might extend the ApplicationFrameworkTool:

• for more applications categories, subcategories, and examples• consider how you might incorporate the data sets in your own smart city tools

Presenting in Possible Forums

• SMARTCOMP 2018, 18-20 June, Taormina, Sicily, Italy http://www.smart-comp.org/

• SCOPE 2018 with GCTC April 10, Porto, Portugal (Co-located with CPS Week) https://cister.isep.ipp.pt/cpsweek2018/

• Greenbuild 2018, 14-16 November, Chicago http://greenbuild.usgbc.org/greenbuild

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Conclusions• IES-City Framework provides a set of tools to aid stakeholders in lowering the

barriers to integrating IoT and smart city features

• There is an Application Framework Tool that can speed initial studies on the potential for deploying technologies in cities and communities

• There is a technical methodology that simplifies comparing complex systems of technology currently deployed from different sources

• These tools can be ever-green adding more applications to the application framework tool and more analyses of technology suites for comparison

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This is our reference framework for the development

of incremental and composable Smart Cities!

Please contribute a review

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https://pages.nist.gov/smartcitiesarchitecture/

Or Google “IES-City Framework”