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Broadband Wireless Communica2ons &
the Mobile Operator’s Dilemma
Stuart Jeffery Consultant
[email protected] +1 650 966 8199
Cellular Conundrum
Why this disconnect? • Voice has been revenue king for Cellular – Voice has been killer applica2on & pays the freight
• Real 2me, valuable, unique to each users
– SMS even more valuable
• Normalize $/GB
$166.67
$10,000.00
$0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00
Voice (1000 min for $40)
SMS (15k message for $15)
Disconnect caused by explosion in mobile data demand
• Smart Phones and Tables are driving demand
• User expecta2ons: pay Wireline type data rates – Flat rate – $1/GB or less
$0.16
$1.33
$13
$167
$10,000
$0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00
comcast famous cap (250 GB for $40)
Wireline data (30 GB 40
Data (2 GB for $25)
Vocie (1000 min for $40)
SMS (15k message for $15)
$1.33
$0.16
Normalize Revenue ($ per 1GB) for Service Type
Wireless
Wireline
Cellular Cost Reali2es • Fixed network cost (copper, fiber or even point to mul2point wireless) will always
have lower costs than cellular • Cellular costs are same as wireline plus a lot more
– Spectrum -‐ CapEx – Base sta2ons – CapEx – Roaming equipment -‐ CapEx – Customer Acquisi2on -‐ CapEX – Backhaul cost -‐ OpEx – Site Rental costs-‐ OpEx – OSS – OpEx – Billing – OpEX
• Fixed will always have cost advantage over mobile
How to Improve Cellular Cost Model • Collusion – Illegal and besides, at least 5 operators each market
• Many approach to improving cellular cost model= a lot of good engineering projects – Modula2on – Network access – Bemer usage of exis2ng spectrum – More spectrum – Tiered Service – Traffic Offload
Modula2on • Modula2on
– Analog > TDMA > CDMA > WBCDMA > OFDM
From Professor Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis
What is 4G –IMT-‐Advance • All IP • Downlink >15 bps/Hz • Latency < 10ms • BW > 40 MHz • Handoff to Heterogeneous Networks
• LTE Release 8 – No • LTE Advanced (Release 10) –yes • WiMax 802.16e -‐ no • WiMax Release 2 802.16m –yes • HSPA+ NO What is 4G – “do-‐over” –12/6/2010 • ITU has determined that “LTE-‐Advanced” and
“WirelessMAN-‐Advanced” should be accorded the official designaHon of IMT-‐Advanced.
• 4G”...may also be applied to the forerunners of these technologies, LTE and WiMax, and to other evolved 3G technologies providing a substanHal level of improvement in performance and capabiliHes with respect to the iniHal third generaHon systems now deployed.
OFDM Technology -‐ Orthogonal Frequency Division Modula2on
• Uses Mul2ple carriers to modulate data • No Intercarrier guard bands • Maximum Spectral efficiency • Straighuorward digital processing (FTT and IFFT)
Adapted From E225C –Lecture, UC Berkeley
Advantages • Transmission impairments unlikely to affect all
carriers • Different frequency cluster can be assigned to
different users • Different carriers can have different modula2on • Different 2me slots allocated to different users
Example: 333 carriers in 5 MHz band
From -‐ Ericsson White Paper – LTE-‐an IntroducHon
Improve Spectrum U2liza2on
SpaHal MulHplexing Frequency AggregaHon
Femto Cells – A base staHon in your house
Spectrum U2liza2on improvements
CoMp
Load balancing
From Qualcomm presentaHon -‐2011
From Professor Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis
Tiered Services
Adapted From NGN associa>on white paper
Time Freq
uency clusters
More Spectrum
• Government – 500 MHz new spectrum • TV channels good candidates:
• Negroponte shiv • 700 MHz auc2on • Digital Dividend • White space
• MSS band • 2GHz band • Lightsquared – GPS issues • Clearwire
From -‐ Ericsson White Paper – LTE-‐an IntroducHon
Spectrum Offload • Smart phones have WiFi • So why not offload traffic to WiFi
– China Mobile -‐> 1 Million Hot Spots
– T-‐Mobile -‐> Hotspot@Home
– ATT -‐> WiFi Hotzone – Times Square, Charlome, McDonalds, Starbucks, etc
– Verizon and ATT -‐> members of Wireless Broadband Alliance (seamless WiFi)
• Many players in this space
Summary • Mobile Data = $$$ pressure on carriers • Low latency = More Skype, VoIP, $$ loss • LTE = Good tools for carrier • Data offload => WiFi interes2ng • Many interes2ng engineer problems