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Broadband Wireless Communica2ons & the Mobile Operator’s Dilemma Stuart Jeffery Consultant [email protected] +1 650 966 8199

IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

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Page 1: IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

Broadband  Wireless  Communica2ons    &    

the  Mobile  Operator’s  Dilemma  

Stuart  Jeffery  Consultant    

[email protected]  +1  650  966  8199  

Page 2: IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

Cellular  Conundrum  

Page 3: IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

Why  this  disconnect?  •  Voice  has  been  revenue  king  for  Cellular  –  Voice  has  been  killer  applica2on  &  pays  the  freight  

•  Real  2me,  valuable,  unique    to  each  users  

–  SMS  even  more  valuable  

•  Normalize  $/GB  

 $166.67    

 $10,000.00    

 $0.10      $1.00      $10.00      $100.00      $1,000.00      $10,000.00    

Voice  (1000  min  for  $40)  

SMS  (15k  message  for  $15)  

Page 4: IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

Disconnect  caused  by  explosion  in  mobile  data  demand  

•  Smart  Phones  and  Tables  are  driving  demand    

   •  User  expecta2ons:  pay  Wireline  type  data  rates  – Flat  rate  – $1/GB  or  less  

 

Page 5: IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

 $0.16    

$1.33    

 $13    

 $167    

 $10,000    

 $0.10      $1.00      $10.00      $100.00      $1,000.00      $10,000.00    

comcast  famous  cap  (250  GB  for  $40)  

Wireline  data  (30  GB  40  

Data  (2  GB  for  $25)  

Vocie    (1000  min  for  $40)  

SMS  (15k  message  for  $15)  

$1.33  

$0.16  

Normalize  Revenue  ($  per  1GB)  for  Service  Type  

Wireless  

Wireline    

Page 6: IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

Cellular  Cost  Reali2es  •  Fixed  network  cost  (copper,  fiber  or  even  point  to  mul2point  wireless)  will  always  

have  lower  costs  than  cellular  •  Cellular  costs  are  same  as  wireline  plus  a  lot  more  

–  Spectrum  -­‐  CapEx  –  Base  sta2ons  –  CapEx  –  Roaming  equipment  -­‐  CapEx  –  Customer  Acquisi2on  -­‐  CapEX  –  Backhaul  cost  -­‐  OpEx  –  Site  Rental  costs-­‐  OpEx  –  OSS  –  OpEx  –  Billing  –  OpEX    

•  Fixed  will  always  have  cost  advantage  over  mobile  

   

 

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How  to  Improve  Cellular  Cost  Model  •  Collusion  –  Illegal  and  besides,  at  least  5  operators  each  market  

 •  Many  approach  to  improving  cellular  cost  model=  a  lot  of  good  engineering  projects  – Modula2on  –  Network  access  –  Bemer  usage  of  exis2ng  spectrum  – More  spectrum  –  Tiered  Service  –  Traffic  Offload  

Page 8: IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

Modula2on      •  Modula2on    

–  Analog  >  TDMA  >  CDMA  >  WBCDMA  >  OFDM  

From  Professor  Raj  Jain  Washington  University  in  Saint  Louis  

What  is  4G  –IMT-­‐Advance  •  All  IP  •  Downlink  >15  bps/Hz  •  Latency  <  10ms  •  BW  >  40  MHz  •  Handoff  to  Heterogeneous  Networks  

•  LTE  Release  8  –  No  •  LTE  Advanced  (Release  10)  –yes  •  WiMax  802.16e  -­‐  no  •  WiMax  Release  2  802.16m  –yes  •  HSPA+    NO    What  is  4G  –  “do-­‐over”  –12/6/2010  •  ITU  has  determined  that  “LTE-­‐Advanced”  and  

“WirelessMAN-­‐Advanced”  should  be  accorded  the  official  designaHon  of  IMT-­‐Advanced.  

•  4G”...may  also  be  applied  to  the  forerunners  of  these  technologies,  LTE  and  WiMax,  and  to  other  evolved  3G  technologies  providing  a  substanHal  level  of  improvement  in  performance  and  capabiliHes  with  respect  to  the  iniHal  third  generaHon  systems  now  deployed.  

Page 9: IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

OFDM  Technology  -­‐  Orthogonal  Frequency  Division  Modula2on  

•  Uses  Mul2ple  carriers  to  modulate  data  •  No  Intercarrier  guard  bands  •  Maximum  Spectral  efficiency  •  Straighuorward  digital  processing  (FTT  and  IFFT)  

Adapted  From  E225C  –Lecture,  UC  Berkeley  

Advantages  •  Transmission  impairments  unlikely  to  affect  all  

carriers  •  Different  frequency  cluster  can  be  assigned  to  

different  users  •  Different  carriers  can  have  different  modula2on  •  Different  2me  slots  allocated  to  different  users  

Example:  333  carriers  in  5  MHz  band  

From  -­‐  Ericsson  White  Paper  –  LTE-­‐an  IntroducHon  

Page 10: IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

Improve  Spectrum  U2liza2on  

SpaHal  MulHplexing     Frequency  AggregaHon    

Femto  Cells  –  A  base  staHon  in  your  house  

Page 11: IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

Spectrum  U2liza2on  improvements  

CoMp  

Load  balancing  

From  Qualcomm  presentaHon  -­‐2011  

From  Professor  Raj  Jain  Washington  University  in  Saint  Louis  

Page 12: IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

Tiered  Services  

Adapted  From  NGN  associa>on  white  paper  

Time  Freq

uency  clusters  

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More  Spectrum  

•  Government  –  500  MHz  new  spectrum  •  TV  channels  good  candidates:  

•  Negroponte  shiv  •  700  MHz  auc2on  •  Digital  Dividend  •  White  space  

•  MSS  band  •  2GHz  band  •  Lightsquared  –  GPS  issues  •  Clearwire    

From  -­‐  Ericsson  White  Paper  –  LTE-­‐an  IntroducHon  

Page 14: IEEE ComSoc stu r1$1.33 $13 $167 $10,000 $0.10 $1.00 $10.00 $100.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 comcastfamous(cap((250(GB(for($40)(Wireline(data(30(GB(40(Data(2(GB(for($25)(Vocie(1000minfor$40)

Spectrum  Offload  •  Smart  phones  have  WiFi  •  So  why  not  offload  traffic  to  WiFi  

–  China  Mobile  -­‐>  1  Million  Hot  Spots  

–  T-­‐Mobile  -­‐>  Hotspot@Home  

–  ATT  -­‐>    WiFi  Hotzone  –  Times  Square,  Charlome,  McDonalds,  Starbucks,  etc  

–  Verizon  and  ATT  -­‐>    members  of  Wireless  Broadband  Alliance  (seamless  WiFi)  

•  Many  players  in  this  space  

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Summary  •  Mobile  Data  =  $$$  pressure  on  carriers  •  Low  latency  =  More  Skype,  VoIP,  $$  loss  •  LTE    =    Good  tools  for  carrier  •  Data  offload  =>  WiFi  interes2ng    •  Many  interes2ng  engineer  problems