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November/ Decemb er 2014 • Volume 34, Number 6 • Publish ed by the IEEE Computer Society

The Next Big Thing

24 Guest Editors' Introduction Cilint Loscos and Hoiry RusJ<ntti.t'r

26 VIsualization beyond the Desktop­the Next Big Thing jonathan C. Roberts, Pam~giotis D. Ritsos, Sriro.m Karthik Badmn, Dominiqut Brodbeck, jessie Kennedy, m:d Niklas EbnqYist

Cover ort: Passionate EJq)loslons of Colorful Reality, .:0 201} Omoste WJttOio'r'SI!I

Visua!iu tioo feseat(.l~rs need to <ltrve5c>J) al'ld adapt to today's uew d.....,ices ;uld tomort<WI's te-chnology. Today, people interact with v1Sual dep:<:tions thr()ugh

a mouse. Tomorrow, they'll be touchi1'19, sw'pil'lg, grasping, feeling. Maring. sn·e!Ji119- and E'\·e(• tas.tir.g ditto!.

35 Automatic Emotion Recognition Based on Body Movement Analysis: A Survey Hc.ris Zachamtos, Christos Gatzoulis, and Yiorgos L. Chrysanthou

OM ot the l'll()St ex&Xessive rnoda!ities tor hu1~H1M is body posture and mov~efl.t, whiCh reseaJCl\efS have fecent!y Stllfted e)ll.p!oitil'lg u> peJIOull eMotX>n reoogl'llfon. Automatic emotion 1ecogflitic:>n i~ be<:omit'lg i!Xreasil'lgty itnportal\l it'l a1eas S>J<:h as hea!tl\care atld gamil'lQ. Hov.-ever, .such (ecogflit3oo based oa body move!t'l<el'ltllfl a!)1.1S po1oe~ cha' lel'lges..

46 EledroEncephalo<Oraphlcs: Making Waves In Computer Graphlc.s Research

Maryam Mustafa and Marcus Magnor

Res.earchers aJe extel'ldin_.g e!«troeocej)haJography to analyi:e the pc!ICeptiO!\ ol Yi~ual output at'ld create approaChes bas.ed Ol'l diiect 1\eural feedback. AppE<atioo area~ ifl(!ude det(!J'minil\og perceived image al'ld video <tut~!ity, evaluatU\Jg Yi~ua!izat:-o!'l elfect.'vet~ess.. aod auton'latl( optimi:atloo 01 reoderil'lg parameter~ lor imag~ aJtdvldeos.

S 7 Multispectral Photometric Stereo for Acquiring Hlgh·Fidellty Surface Normals

Giljoo Nam and Min H. Kim

Mu.ti~wal lmagm.g and photO!t'lttlic stereo are common irt 30 imag:ttg but h8Ye ra1~ been combll\ed. A. mu!~i.spectral photofnetriC·S!ereo methOd 1eMove~ inte.neflectiOn and recoostructs 3D 'hape~ w:th high accuracy. You can ea~ily integr.ue it into photometric-stereo sy~tel'fl:S by substituth\9 L'te or.g-inal camera with a rnu_tiSf)(!(ttaJ ca:l'lera.

ISSN 0272-1716

About the Cover

Filtering the World Gary Singh

0 maste Witkowski always begins with photographs. As a professional Web de­signer, she works with all the standard

tools and techniques, but in December 2012, a new avenue opened up. A business owner wanted to put some of Witkowski's macro photos in hotel suites. Up to that point, Witkowski was only a Sunday photographer, taking shots on the week­end to complement her day job. But after this new opportunity arose, she built her own website (http://omaste-witkowski.artistwebsites.com) and began accumulating hundreds of abstract fine -art images, rooted in photography, but all of which she end-manipulates in Photoshop. Now her work is for sale in bakeries, glass shops, galleries, and

Figure 1. Past Present and Future. This image is from a series Omaste

Witkowski created to help provide healing energy.

hotels. One of her mos::: ~::::_ ·ng sales was to a bride who used Witkm ·s~· " : cesim on the skis the bride wore to get marrie · 0

0 0 ° o a bad goal for a graphic designer.

"I was pleasantly surprise at people seemed to connect with my worK an I was able to start selling it as soon as I listed i online," she said. "I hadn't realized how much I loved creating art and was also blessed to have so many people reach out to me and enjoy my work. IL makes my day when I get a message that I helped someone with my art."

So, Witkowski regularly hiLS the streets and in­filtrates nature, armed with only a camera. Macro shots are a favorite technique, after which she implements any number of digital-manipulation schemes, primarily to produce images that don't even resemble the original source.

"I am like a kid in a candy shop with technology and digital images," she admits. "I get so excited when I create. My favorite thing to do is to say, 'I wonder what will happen if I .... ' So, I am endlessly coming up with new ideas and applying them to my photographs and digital designs . My only re­gret is that there is not enough time in a day to express all that is in my imagination."

Winning Titles Witkowski's images often come with elaborate titles . In the case of the cover image, Passionate Explosion of Colorful Reality, the title emerged as part of the creative process. Witkowski says this is often the case.

"The title always comes to me when I look at the picture I create," Witkowski explains. "I start with the colors I want and then I use a Wacom tablet and the Photoshop Liquify filter."

After creating a design \ i~ shapes and colors, Witkowski converts it in:o 2 • a.. em of some sort, before applying filters for :EX::'.rre and color modi­fication. Admittin<> -~e :e::_: ber way through the process, she impr ·'L'5 :::=.:- ··.-ay through Photo­shop tools.

4 November/December 2014 Published by the IEEE Computer SociE --,-2-171 6/ 14/ $31 .00 © 20141EEE

"I move through the different settings and tools in Photoshop and adjust until I know that I am done," she says. "Then I look at it and I always have a title that pops into my head. I believe that the im­age has a certain energy that defines it. I try to give a meaning to it by the words I use to describe it."

Speaking of energy, Past Present and Future

(see Figure 1) resides in a gallery called Abstract Healing Art on Witkowski's website. Having been through a great deal of personal challenges, and having used digital art as part of her own healing process, she creates this line of work hoping that others might experience healing energy.

"When I create [art] I am soothed by it," she ex­plains. "I am working with colors and shapes, and my mind has a chance to just let go. I allow the image to let me know what it wants to be. When I am done creating it, I will write about it in words that I hope will resonate with others."

Viewers often provide feedback through Wit­kowski's website, claiming they've connected with the healing energy and that it has helped with their own life struggles. So, apparently it's working.

"This makes me feel very happy," Witkowski says. "I want to make the world a better place in any way I can, and if a pretty picture is an option, then I have done that."

True Love (see Figure 2) also began with a pho­tograph. Witkowski zoomed in on a piece of glass artwork by Garth Mudge of Glassworks in Win­throp, Washington, and used a macro lens. Then she went in by hand and painted over the origi­nal image before applying Photoshop filters to en­hance the brushstrokes.

"The colors are vivid and alive due to the way that I am illuminating the glass art as I am taking the picture," she writes on her website. "In a way I am photographing the light as it passes through the object .... I almost feel like an archeologist as I explore a small hidden world and reveal the trea­sures within."

Budding Beauty (see Figure 3) exudes a differ­ent sentiment altogether. The luminous green aura evokes an almost fairy-tale-like vibe. In this case, Witkowski says she began with a sunflower bud, another example of photographing a normal image and then transforming it into something completely different through Photoshop filters and processing. In this case, the Fractalius plug-in worked wonders, and additional Photoshop filters helped optimize the color.

Future Refining Witkowski carries her camera wherever she goes, often taking hundreds, if not thousands, of shots

I

Figure 2. True Love. This piece is based on a photo of a piece of glass

artwork by Garth Mudge of Glassworks.

Figure 3. Budding Beauty. Witkowski transformed a

photo of a sunflower bud, using Photoshop and the

Fractalius plug-in .

a week. As a result, she has seven Adobe Lightroom photo catalogs with tens of thousands of pictures. She creates around 10 images for every one that winds up in her online portfolio.

"I have pretty high standards for what I publish and try to only make it my 'best work.' So I am constantly refining my style and techniques. Lots of trial and error. It is really helpful to get so much feedback via social media and the Internet. I can tell pretty quickly what will work and what doesn't by the reaction I get on my various pages.'' y"

Gary Singh lives and writes in San jose, California . Con­

tact him at gsingh@avantguild.com. "\ M Selected CS articles and columns are also available

l!liJ for free at http: //ComputingNow.computer.org .

IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 5