2012 International Conference on System Engineering and Technology September 11-12, 2012, Bandung, Indonesia

978-1-4673-2376-5/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE

Preliminary Design of Smart HealthCare System Tunggal Mardiono#1, Ary Setijadi#2, Rifki Wijaya#3

# Bandung Institute of Technology Control System and Computer Lab Bandung, Indonesia

1mardionot@yahoo.com 2asetijadi@lskk.ee.itb.ac.id

3rifkiwijaya@gmail.com

Abstract— Future HealthCare must be held for people around the world. The goal of the system is prevent people to go to hospital, in other word prevent to be sick. Healthcare System will do a pre-check, and follow up with how to take care your body, an example weather issues can prevent someone to go somewhere. Technology within the system is how can we bring all the symptom checker to our closely device and give the summary of your present body. Summary will be display in smart phone in different way.

Keywords— component; healthcare, system healthcare, medical record

I. INTRODUCTION Most of people will do an action if the body will come to

sick. But the system does not, the system is going to prevent some action or activity that environmentally is not good for the body and will end up sick. People don’t want to be in the hospital lying helpless, people don’t want to be sick, the heavy sicknesses that will cause your activities stop, and people don’t want to be in the hospital no matter the quality or cheapest hospital in the world to recover your illness. Prediction of sickness is based on symptom and medical record that has been saved on system database.

There are a lot of reason people go to hospital, for checking only, treatment, or healing. Most of people don’t want to get sick. So if they knew would be sick, they will do anything to avoid the disease. There are several reasons how they get disease. One of them is food. Microbial pathogens in food cause an estimated 6.5 million to 33 million cases of human illness and up to 9,000 deaths annually, according to the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology [1].

When we control our food, it will cause our body health. Hygiene of the food is very important. Lots of death cause from food, this is the US data in 1993.

TABLE I

ESTIMATED ANNUAL U.S. CASES, DEATHS, AND PERCENTAGE FOODBORNE FOR SELECTED BACTERIAL PATHOGENS, 1993

Pathogen Total Case (Number)

Total Death (Number)

Per cents Foodborne (%)

Campylobacter jejuni or coli

2,500,000

200-730 55-70

Clostridium perfringens

10,000 100 100

Escherichia coli 10,000-20,000 200-500 80 Listeria monocytogenes

1,795-1,860 445-510 85-95

Salmonella 800,000-4,000,000

800-4,000

87-96

Staphylococcus aereus

8,900,000 7,120 17

SOURCES: USDA, ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE

Weather can cause a disease too, lot of death in Greater London, Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, East and West sussex Hampshire, Surrey, Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, and Bedfordshire. Daily deaths of men and women aged 50 years and over from 1976-92 [2]. Weather temperature was at 1°C intervals. Air pollution was not included and there is relation between mortality rates and daily temperature.

Figure 1 Relation of mortality rates to mean daily temperature at (b) 1 day delay and (a) 17 days delay. Ischaemic heart disease is represented by closed circles and respiratory disease by open squares. Numbers above some of the respiratory mortality rates give the number of days at that temperature [2].

There are several major causes of hospitalization, pregnancy/child birth, respiratory system, mental disorders, endocrine, metabolic, immunity disease, injury, poisoning, disease of nervous system, sense organs, digestive system [3]. Age group has been made between 1-21years old. The data is based on child health USA 2011.

Figure 2 Major cause of hospitalization age 1-21.

Most of hospitalization cause from pregnancy and the second is respiratory system. Further ischaemic heart disease (IHD) deaths can be expected secondary to respiratory (RES) disease, since respiratory disease increases in cold weather[4], and influenza[5] [6]and other respiratory [7] [8] infections are known to be accompanied by increased IHD mortality. In 2000 and 2009 Japan has the highest average length of stay in hospital.

Figure 3 Average length of stay for inpatient care across Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries 2000 and 2009

To prevent people to get sick, the system should be able to predict when they get sick and how they get that disease. This system has given information about probability of sickness before we do some activity, so we can choose recommended activity.

Newspapers almost daily shed bad light on health and social services, nourished by reports on medical errors, waiting times, insufficient access, high costs and poor quality [8]. We have to solve this situation even in suburban area this problem is still there. Integrated Care System is the answer.

II. DATA GATHERING

A. Hospital First, medical record of people must be united into a

database. This data will contain how long a patient is take care in hospital and what is the disease include the response. The field of medical record is mention below.

Data Field 1. Patient data (name, Date of birth, hospital Id,

Insurance) 2. Medical History 3. Surgical history 4. Obstetric history 5. Medical allergies and Medications 6. Family history 7. Habits 8. Immunization history All these data if we input manually is like to be huge data

only one person. So, we have to make data automatically stored on hospital database. All tools in hospital will connected on network. Tools will store automatically to hospital data.

Figure 4 Hospital System Data to gather medical record

Personal doctor in some country is closer to the people.

People in sub urban area can’t reach hospital because of the distance are too long, or track to hospital can’t be reach easily. Personal doctor have to be equipped with thermometer, stethoscope or else that connected to his smartphone. So when personal doctor have an internet connection the data of the patient can be stored to server database.

Figure 5 Personal Doctor Scheme

There is Tongue software pre-screening tool that has been made by Ratchadaporn Kanawong from University of Missouri, MI, USA. From this tool we can know history of someone’s tongue. Based on 48 healthy volunteers and 263 patients with gastritis, the latter showed both signs of cold and hot zheng. This provided the researchers a threshold for the software. The software claims 84.68% accuracy when the software analyzed the main feature of the tongue [9]. It can be

worst or good. We know that by the data sent by every doctor all over the world. Dissemination of the disease can be calculate all over the world, because it takes GPS data and can locate patient appropriately. Another doctor who will help can search patient by his hand phone using longitude and latitude post by doctors who deal with the patient before.

Fingerprint scanner can be identified by smartphone. It has been patent by Sony for fingerprint checking by smartphone.

B. Input Nutrition Nutrition is important thing for our body. When body is

became sick the body lack one or more nutrition. So we have to define and detect what we eat everyday especially heavy meal.

Building an application on smartphone is the solution. User application will unconsciously input that data. If I have to input every my eaten food, it will spend my time and almost no one will do that. People today spend much time in computer or mobile phone to access social network. There are 5 ways mobile devices have changed the way people consume the media from INMOBI [10].

• Mobile share of time ahead of TV, catching up with online

• Mobile devices are used throughout the day • Mobile content consumed varies by gender • Comfort with mobile advertising is already greater

than TV or online advertising • Mobile impact consumer behaviour throughout the

purchase path. This is the key statistic from INMOBI [10].

• Mobile has surpassed TV in terms of time, with consumers spending 27% of their media time on mobile, compared to 22% on TV.

• 39% of consumers use their mobile phones while watching TV.

• Three quarters of mobile consumers plan to conduct mCommerce activities within the next year (76%).

• 42% of mobile consumers claim mobile advertising has introduced them to something new.

• 66% of mobile users are just as comfortable with mobile advertising as they are with TV or online advertising.

• Advertising on mobile devices has led to mobile gaining tremendous popularity as a viable shopping channel, with

• 42% of respondents indicating that mobile ads have introduced them to something new

• 23% of respondents indicating that mobile ads saves time and money

• 14% of respondents indicating that mobile ads have influenced them to buy via mobile

People today like if their food photo is uploaded into a social network like Facebook or twitter. It proved by lot of geo tag in many restaurant and Koprol have ever been food social

network popular. We can define food social network, and gather their data for our healthcare system.

Figure 6 Food Social Network to gain Daily Menu

This food social network not only post image into social network but can suggest the food you are going to eat and convert them into calories. For people who want to diet and feeling healthy everyday this food social network can suggest what food and drink you have to eat every day and what you can gain in a week, month and a year.

III. CURRENT BODY CONDITION Current body condition is needed for current state of the

body. It will affect how to count prediction of sickness itself. Current body condition can be divided into three conditions.

1. Sick Condition 2. Average Condition 3. Health Condition (where body feeling fresh and can do

anything) This condition can make people classify the activity of

today, tomorrow, week later, month or year. Current body condition has to detect stress feeling and other

feeling condition. Condition I would like to detect is mention below.

1. Stress 2. Happy 3. Sad Current body condition is input by user every day and every

time user want to be inputted. It is like a kindergarten school that state their feeling every day and only the teacher know their feeling so they can treat them as their feeling on that day. Same system for current body condition, state their feeling on smartphone so that closer family know how their feeling.

Current body condition also can check temperature of your current body, heart rate, and blood pressure. This parameter is measure by watch (Casio BP-100) that must wear every day. This watch can detect blood pressure and heart rate. This watch will send the data through Bluetooth (built up) to smart phone.

IV. ARCHITECTURE SYSTEM Architecture of the system involves a lot of people and lot

of effort too. But this system is worth to be built because there is more information to be process and more outcomes will be display.

The way to see this system can be described by a platform stack.

Figure 7 Platform Stack to see the Intelligent Healthcare System

Figure 8 Intelligent Healthcare System

This system can also added task or scheduler. One company can share each other schedule to meet each other so does friend in campus. This schedule application can produce statistic on how to make event in some area so that free time people can attend the event.

V. FORMULA The outcome of this system is how user know their state

and system can suggest what you can do and don’t. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is appropriate for this system. As long as data comes continuously, learning for this system will be good.

Figure 9 Sample of Neural computation Source: http://www.learnartificialneuralnetworks.com/

There are some people who got allergic to weather or food, this system can suggest you not to go to town or place or restaurant that will not be benefit for you. Weather data around the world must be collected into one database. Weather data must be up-to-date, so that web services must work all the time.

This system must be tested on 100 people for the first attempt. Formula can be change based on other paper or trial error.

Data mining in this system will have an output probability of the disease. Probability of some disease like fever, cough or influenza, can be detect from symptoms and weather you are going to go. This is a pre-design smartphone GUI.

Figure 10 predesign smartphone GUI.

VI. CONCLUSIONS Medical record and some other data can make useful

information. These data can affect health of the city. The whole city will remain health if they know what they up to. Everyone can take care himself as the system will remind the user. Many people will change, change on how they do their activities. People will understand how precious the health is.

This system cannot be done in second, it is longer. There are many other area of intervention. Hospital, doctor, puskesmas, and population data. It is require mutual help from other to build this system.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Thanks to School of Electical Engineering and Informatics,

Institut Teknologi Bandung as the organizers ICSET 2012 that has given us the opportunity to contribute.

REFERENCES

[1] Jean C. Buzby, Tanya Robert. “Bacterial Foodborne Disease: Medical Costs and Productivity Losses”. 1996. Economic Research Service/USDA

[2] Gavin C Donaldson, William R Keatinge. “Early increases in ischaemic heart disease mortality dissociated from and later changes associated with respiratory mortality after cold weather in south east England”. 1997. Jrournal of Epidemiology and Community Health;51:643-648

[3] National center of Health Statistic. “Center for Disease control and prevention” Annual file 2009.

[4] Bull GM. “The weather and deaths from pneumonia”. Lancet 1980;1: 1405-8.

[5] Bainton D, Jones GR, Hole D. “Influenza and ischaemic heart disease-a possible trigger for acute myocardial infarction?” Int 3 Epidemiol 1978;7:231-39.

[6] Keatinge WR, Coleshaw SRK, Holmes J. “Changes in seasonal mortalities with improvement in home heating in England and Wales from 1964-1984”. Int J Biometeorol 1989;33:71-6.

[7] Spodick DH, Flessas AP, Johnson MM. “Association of acute respiratory symptoms with onset of acute myocardial infarction: prospective investigation of 150 consecutive patients and matched control patients”. Am J Cardiol 1984;53:481-2.

[8] O Gröne, M Garcia-Barbero, “A position paper of the WHO European office for integrated health care services” International Journal of Integrated Care, June 2001

[9] Ratchadaporn Kanawon. “Checking One’s Health Through A Tongue Software Application”.http://www.prescouter.com/2012/06/checking-ones-health-through-a-tongue-software-application/

[10] INMOBI. 2012. “5 ways mobile devices have changed the way people consume the media “. http://www.inmobi.com/inmobiblog/2012/02/29/ inmobi-releases-first-wave-of-mobile-media-consumption-q4-survey-%E2%80%93-global-results/