IE-24-Occupational Health and safety.pdf

8/10/2019 IE-24-Occupational Health and safety.pdf

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Proceedings of the 7thIMEC &16thAnnual Paper Meet

02-03 January, 2015Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mechanical Engineering Division Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WOOD BASED INDUSTRY

IN BANGLADESH

Md. TabiurRahman1, Dr. Engr. Md Mamunur Rashid

2

1

Deputy Manager (QC); CX-1, Partex Star Group2Bangladesh Institute of Management (BIM)

[email protected],

[email protected]

ABSTRACT: Wood based furniture industry now a labor intensive sector in Bangladesh. At present

about 41,560 enterprises and nearly two lakh skilled and semi-skilled people are engaged in this sector.But the occupational health & safety services in these industry in Bangladesh is not well organized.

The research in Partex Furniture Industries Ltd, it is seen that there are little knowledge about labor law

of OSH and PPE in worker level people i.e. only 20% worker have knowledge about some issue ofOSH of labor law and PPE. Only management people 100% know labor law of OSH. It is also noted

that this organization satisfied all level of employee about safe drinking water and medical facility.

Dust is the main enemy here to human health. Others issues are more or less in acceptable range to all

level of employee.

1. INTRODUCTION

The occupational health & safety services in wood based industry specially in in furniture industry in

Bangladesh is not well organized though these industry is a labor intensive sector in Bangladesh. At

present about 41,560 enterprises and nearly two lakh skilled and semi-skilled people are engaged inthis sector. This type of industries actually is not so familiar as others like different ministries such as

railway, port and shipping, jute, textile etc. Butat present Bangladesh is producing wide variety of

international standard and quality furniture. People in Bangladesh are now going to choose local

furniture instead of foreign furniture. The export of furniture and allied products from Bangladesh has

started from 1995. There is good potential for export of furniture and Bangladesh's furniture industriesare ready for that. It is estimated that, by 2015 Bangladesh will earn export potential of crafts furniture

accessories worth of USD 10 million along with furniture worth USD 40 million. Partex Furnitureindustry Ltd. trying to produce good quality furniture to achieve this goal.Partex Furniture Industries

Ltd. is one of the important industries among all the furniture industries in Bangladesh. It started 1992

and situated at Haripur, Bandar in Narayanganj. More than 3000 people related with this sector. So

they should be awarded about occupational health and safety.Actually the occupational health andsafety service in Bangladesh is still in the developmental stage. And in furniture industry the

application of occupational health and safety provision according to labor law is questionable. But to

produce quality full products it should be ensured quality full environment and healthy manpower.The

objectives of the thesis is to- Identify the violation of occupational health and safety provision byanalysis the relative statement of different employee and management people.

2. METHODOLOGY

Inspection and ViolationAccording to Provision of Bangladesh Labor Act-2006 the occupational health and safety related issues

were identified first. Through surveying procedure all issues were inspected and try to understand

where is its violation. Total man power categories in 4 units as-1. Worker unit

2. Supervisor unit

3. Officer unit4. Department head and administrative people as management unit


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10 employees from worker unit and 5 employees from each unit were selected randomly and they were

questioned by same questionnaire (as given following table-1). The total question were made andactivities were performed considering

1. Area Selection depending working condition

2. Materials used in production

3.

Working Procedure4. Environmental Conditions

5. Employees and Employers/Management perceptions.

Area Selection

Total wood working coverage with five plants in Cx-1, Partex Star Group, namely- Plain Board unit,Veneering board, Plywood, Door and Furniture. To cover all area through surveying the total area kept

under the followings-

a. Log yard areab. Sawing, cutting and sizing area

c. Carpentry area

d. Sanding and Lacquering area

Materials

Different types of materials used in wood based industry like machine, sawn timber, nails, glue,

chemicals etc.Methods/Processa. Manual process

- Unsafe activitiesb. Automated

- Unsafe condition

EnvironmentThis part was randomly selected on the base of different area where people work. This part was used to

cover the factory as a whole with sample surveying. The OSH aspects in relation to working

environment covered included- Dust Controlling

-Electrical safety.

- Emergency exits.

-Handling of hazardous substances.

-Hazardous substances.-Housekeeping

-Lighting.

-Machine guards.-Noise.

-Signage.

-Ventilation (thermal conditions)

Employee

Under this part of the activities different type of employee were questioned as they understand. The

aspects covered by this part with the questionnaire (table-1) and also included

-Occupational health and safety information.

-First aid promptness.

-Exposure to noise.

-Exposure to hazardous substances.This part was administered by interviewing 2-3 workers from each section of the factory.

EmployerThis part was designed to elicit information as regards to OSH policy of the enterprise; OSH

knowledge and understanding of the management and OSH encouragement in workplaces. This part

was administered on the chief executive of each factory.


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Table 1: Questionnaire of survey for occupational health and safety provision

Questionnaire Yes No N/C Percentage

Do you have any idea of labor law about occupational health

and safety?

Is any fire training you have taken?

Are you thinking that you are safe from fire?Do you know about fire incident?

Do you know how to prevent fire?

Do you know the PPE used in your work place?

Are all kinds of PPE available in your factory?

Is your working area clean regularly as housekeeping?

Is disposal of wastes regularly done?

Are dust and fume is in reasonable condition?

Is your working area has proper ventilation system?

Is your working environment temperature is in reasonable

condition?

Is light is sufficient in your working area?

Is water safe for drinking?

Are available latrines having in this factory?

Is medical facility available in this factory?

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Results

Threetype of results found out by this surveying work i.e. physical observation results, recorded dataresults and employer-employee opinion by questionnaire result.

3.1.1. Physical observation results

According to provision of Bangladesh Labor Law- 2006 most of provision followed by thisorganization. Here fire safety training established as monthly routine work. Firefighting equipment,

water source available in this org. Drinking water, sufficient latrine, temperature, sound, light

everything is inacceptable in ranges. Dust is controlled in this organization but sometime dust

generates more and make the air dusty which is violation of occupational health and safety provision.There are available water sources in and around this plant. Its West side Sitalkhmariver and South and

East side Okkhairiver. Internally it has large central pond, side pond and concrete made water reserve

tank.

3.1.2. Recorded data observation result

There are 3 fire service stations near to plant. These are-1. Bandar fire station

2. Demrai fire station and

3. Narayangonj fire station.

3.1.3. employer-employee opinion by questionnaire result.

Under this part of the activities different type of employee were questioned as they understand. Same

question asked to different people. Maximum answer was same but some were contradictory. Table-3

to table-6 represents the different result answered by different people.

Table 2: Questionnaire of survey for occupational health and safety provision (Worker level)


Do you have any idea of labor law about occupational health and

safety?

2 8 - 20

Is any fire training you have taken? 9 1 - 90

Are you thinking that you are safe from fire? 8 2 - 80

Do you know about fire incident? 5 5 - 50


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Do you know how to prevent fire? 8 2 - 80

Do you know the PPE used in your work place? 2 8 - 20

Are all kinds of PPE available in your factory? 6 4 - 60

Is your working area clean regularly as housekeeping? 10 - - 100

Is disposal of wastes regularly done? 9 1 - 90

Are dust and fume is in reasonable condition? 7 3 - 70Is your working area has proper ventilation system? 7 3 - 70


condition?

8 2 - 80

Is light is sufficient in your working area? 9 1 - 90

Is water safe for drinking? 10 - - 100

Are available latrines having in this factory? 8 2 - 80

Is medical facility available in this factory? 10 - - 100

Table 3: Questionnaire of survey for occupational health and safety provision (Supervisor level)



safety?

3 2 - 60

Is any fire training you have taken? 5 - 100Are you thinking that you are safe from fire? 4 1 - 80

Do you know about fire incident? 4 1 - 80


Do you know the PPE used in your work place? 3 2 - 60



Is disposal of wastes regularly done? 5 - 100

Are dust and fume is in reasonable condition? 3 2 - 60

Is your working area has proper ventilation system? 3 2 - 60


condition?

4 1 - 80





Table 4: Questionnaire of survey for occupational health and safety provision (Officer level)



safety?

4 1 - 80

Is any fire training you have taken? 5 - - 100

Are you thinking that you are safe from fire? 5 - - 100

Do you know about fire incident? 5 - - 100


Do you know the PPE used in your work place? 5 - - 100Are all kinds of PPE available in your factory? 4 1 - 80

Is your working area clean regularly as housekeeping? 4 1 - 80


Are dust and fume is in reasonable condition? 4 1 - 80

Is your working area has proper ventilation system? 4 1 - 80


condition?

4 1 - 80


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Table 5: Questionnaire of survey for occupational health and safety provision (Management level)



safety?

5 - - 100

Is any fire training you have taken? 5 - - 100

Are you thinking that you are safe from fire? 5 - - 100

Do you know about fire incident? 5 - - 100

Do you know how to prevent fire? 5 - - 100

Do you know the PPE used in your work place? 5 - - 100




Are dust and fume is in reasonable condition? 5 - - 100

Is your working area has proper ventilation system? 5 - - 100


condition?

5 - - 100

Is light is sufficient in your working area? 5 - - 100




3.2 Discussion

Fig. 1: Comparative figure of employee opinion

According to Bangladesh Labor Law-2006, occupational general health and safety related issue

observed and after asking about it to different type of employee different type of result found that has

been showed as graphical fig. Here it is seen that there are little knowledge about labor law of OSH and


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PPE in worker level people i.e. only 20% worker have knowledge about some issue of OSH of labor

labor law and PPE. Only management people know labor law of OSH. It is noted that this organizationsatisfied all level of employee about safe drinking water and medical facility. Others issue more or less

in acceptable range to all level of employee.

Table 6: Statistical analysis

Worker Supervisor Officer Management

Mean 76.42857 Mean 82.85714 Mean 88.57143 Mean 97.14286

StandardError

5.893481 StandardError



1.941046

Median 80 Median 80 Median 80 Median 100

Mode 80 Mode 80 Mode 80 Mode 100

Standard

Deviation

22.05139 Standard

Deviation

13.25987 Standard

Deviation

10.27105 Standard

Deviation

7.26273

SampleVariance

486.2637 SampleVariance



52.74725

Kurtosis 2.213349 Kurtosis -0.31023 Kurtosis -2.24053 Kurtosis 3.791667Skewness -1.32766 Skewness -0.15083 Skewness 0.324537 Skewness -2.29482

Range 80 Range 40 Range 20 Range 20

Minimum 20 Minimum 60 Minimum 80 Minimum 80

Maximum 100 Maximum 100 Maximum 100 Maximum 100

Sum 1070 Sum 1160 Sum 1240 Sum 1360

Count 14 Count 14 Count 14 Count 14

ConfidenceLevel(95.0%)

12.73209 ConfidenceLevel(95.0%)



4.193376

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Improved occupational safety and health enhances productivity by reducing the number of

interruptions in the manufacturing process, reducing absences, decreasing the number of accidents andimproving work efficiency. Employers and workers both have responsibilities and rights in relation to

occupational safety and health (OSH). A preventative approach to OSH is the best strategy to

eliminate most workplace accidents, injuries, and diseases. Key action points for employers to avoid

injuries, accidents and diseases: Eliminate/control the dust produced in process. Investigate and record accidents and injuries, and use the information to put measures in place

to avoid similar occurrences.

Encourage workers to discuss concerns about health and safety and make sure that there are

avenues for them to do so. Keep inventories of chemicals and chemical safety data sheets, and ensure that chemicals are

correctly labeled and stored.

Make sure that all workers receive the supervision, information and training they need to dotheir jobs safely, including in relation to PPE and hazardous substances.

Install guards on dangerous moving parts of machines.

Ensure that electrical wires, switches and plugs are properly installed, grounded and

maintained. Put measures in place to avoid heavy lifting, e.g., trolleys or carts to move heavy or bulky

loads.


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Provide suitable chairs for sitting workers and provide standing workers shock absorbing mats

to stand on and regular breaks to sit down.

Where necessary, provide PPE, and train and encourage workers to use it correctly.

Ensure that temperature, ventilation, noise and lighting are at acceptable levels. Provide health services and first aid that are appropriate for the workplace. Provide adequate facilities for workers (toilets, washing facilities, eating area, personal

storage). Ensure that any accommodation provided meets all relevant requirements.

Inform and prepare workers for possible emergencies in the workplace. Develop a written OSH policy to make sure that everyone is aware of their rights and

responsibilities in relation to health and safety.

Carry out regular OSH assessments as required by national law and follow up on risksidentified during the assessment.

REFERENCE

Chan-Yeung, M. 1994.Mechanism of occupational asthma due to western red cedar (Thujaplicata).

American Journal of Industrial Medicine25:13-8.Department of Labor. Jan. 1989. Federal Register, pp. 2528-2533. January.

Khan M.A.A. and Asaduzzaman 2014, Labor Laws of Bangladesh P- 121-145.

Mazurkiewicz, Michael, M. S. and J. L. Festa, 1989. "Study Evaluates Wood Dust Exposure in U.S.Plants." Wood and Wood Products.p. 158.July.

Meola, A. March 1985. "Toxic effects of Wood Dust Exposure."Professional Safety.

Milham, S. 1974. "Mortality Experience of the AFL-CIO United Brotherhood of Carpenters andJoiners of America, 1969-1970: Division of Field Studies and Clinical Investigations."NIOSH

Publication No. 74-129. NIOSH, Salt Lake City, Utah.Milham, S. and Hesser, J. E. 1967."Hodgkin's Disease in Woodworkers."Lancet, Vol 2: 136-137.

Spiers, P. S. 1969. "Hodgkin's Disease in Workers in the Wood Industry."Public Health Reports, 84(5):

385-388.

"National Forest Products Assn. and Inter-Industry Wood Dust Coordinating Committee SeminarReview." 1989. Wood and Wood Products, p. 166. July.

The Daily Star, January 13, 2014


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Authors

Md. Tabiur Rahman

Dr. Engr. Md. Mamunur Rashid

Dr. Rashid is Bangladeshi National, Author, Researcher, Academician, Trainer and Consultant. He was born in

November 1, 1970. He has been serving as a Faculty and Management Consultant at Bangladesh Institute ofManagement (BIM), Dhaka since 16 February 2004. As a faculty and top level national master trainer he has been

facilitating for the Graduate and Professional training programs more than 100 in the areas of TQM, HRM,Compliance of ISO9001:2008, SA8000, WRAP, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, Productivity and Competitiveness,

Project Management with MS Project-2007/2013 and Industrial Safety Management . Now he is as adjunct faculty at

Jahangirnagar University and BUP. He also worked as adjunct faculty at IEB, DIU, BOU, IBAISU, BUBT, BUET,IPM, DIPTI and Planning Academy. Prior this job he worked as a Mechanical Engineer of Jamuna Fertilizer

Company, Bangladesh for around seven years. He obtained BSc in Mechanical Engineering degree from RUET

(erstwhile BITR) in 1993 with 1stclass and 8thposition, MSc in Mechanical Engineering degree from BUET in 1996

under NST Fellowship Program of GoB and MBA degree from BOU in 2004. He completed a Diploma in ComputerScience and Applications from BOU, a PGD in Human Resource Management from IPM with 1stClass and a Post

Graduate Diploma in Marketing Management from BIM. He completed almost 30 training programs/short courses at

local and abroad. He also completed Management Accounting, Project Management, Technology Management, Safety

and Maintenance Management, Information Technology in Business and Artificial Neural System courses in Graduatelevel study at Industrial and Production Engineering Department of BUET, Bangladesh. Now he is pursuing for LLB

degree from National University of Bangladesh. He has around 42 publications in renowned Journals (20) and

International Conferences (22). He also obtained Doctor of Engineering in Manufacturing Engineering degree under

Bangabandhu Fellowship program of GoB at Kitami Institute of Technology, Japan on March 18, 2013. He alsoawarded the Scholarship from class IX- Graduation degree from GoB. His journals are indexing almost Universities of

the world. He is life member of the following professional organization/body: IEB, BSTD and IPM. He is also

member of the following professional organization/body: JSPE, BSME, and BCS. He is the founder and Chairman ofBirganj Technical and Business Management College, Dinajpur since 2002. He can be reached by e-mail:

[email protected] and cell-01712700412.

Mr. Md. Tabiur Rahman is Bangladeshi National, Author, Researcher and Trainer. He was born in November 15,

1982. He has been serving as Deputy Manager (QC) at Cx-1, Plant, Partex Star Group, Haripur, Madanpur Bondar,

Narayangonj since May 24, 2009. He obtained BSc (Hons) degree in Forestry and Wood Technology from KhulnaUniversity 2006 with CGPA 3.35 (out of 4). He also obtained MSc in Forestry and Wood Technology from Khulna

University 2010 with CGPA 3.63 (out of 4). A course on PGD in Human Resources Management (BIM) is continuing.

He is an internal Trainer and Auditor in his company and has been training on 5S, QCC, Product Quality and Process

flow line. One of his valuable article Seed germination techniques of phoenix dactylifera: A new experience from

Bangladesh has been published in international Journal Frontiers of Agriculture in China.http://journal.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/10.1007/s11703-011-1086-2, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11703-011-

1086-2. Another research work on Plant Tissue Culture In vitro Microropagation of Teak ( techtona grandis) has

been presented in a seminar: Plant Tissue Cuture & Biotechnology Conference 2008 (April 11-13, 2008)

http://www.baptcb.org/conference08.html. He is a column writer in daily news paper of Bangladesh. More than 60Article have been published in different daily news paper like- Daily Ittefaq, Daily Kaler Kantho, Daily Samakal,

Daily Vorer Kakoj, Daily Nayadiganta, Daly Jaijaidin, Daily Jugantor, Daily Ajkaler Khabor, Daily Sokaler Khabor,

Daly Prothomalo, Daly Alokito Bangladesh, Daily Destiny, Daily Banglabazar Potrika and Varsity magazine since

January 30, 2007. He also is an editor of a Magazine Compass. He is the founder of social developmental voluntaryorganization Panjeree Reg No- Ma-644/2011, established at May 17, 2007, Magura. He can be reached by e-mail:

[email protected] cell-01670656758.

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IE-24-Occupational Health and safety.pdf