IdentityIdentity

Building a NationBuilding a Nation

A Geographical LookA Geographical Look JoshuaJoshua

Israelites crossed the Israelites crossed the Jordan and camped at Jordan and camped at Gilgal (3-4)Gilgal (3-4)

Destroyed Jericho (5-6)Destroyed Jericho (5-6)

Took Ai (8)Took Ai (8)

Joshua defeated kings of Joshua defeated kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon (9-10)Eglon (9-10)

Hazor, Madon, Shimron, Hazor, Madon, Shimron, Achshaph all defeated in Achshaph all defeated in the north (11)the north (11)

Division of the LandDivision of the Land

JudgesJudges

Settlement more of the model than Settlement more of the model than conquestconquest

Israelites are in the land, but there Israelites are in the land, but there are problemsare problems surrounded by enemiessurrounded by enemies no central administrationno central administration still tribal in orientation still tribal in orientation

Judges 19-21Judges 19-21 Judges 19 -21 illustrates the Judges 19 -21 illustrates the

divisionsdivisions 19:1 “In those days, when 19:1 “In those days, when

there was no king in there was no king in Israel…..”Israel…..”

19:25 “But the men would 19:25 “But the men would not listen to him. So the man not listen to him. So the man seized his concubine, and put seized his concubine, and put her out to them. The her out to them. The wantonly raped her and wantonly raped her and abused her all through the abused her all through the night until the morning. night until the morning. And, as the dawn begin to And, as the dawn begin to break, they let her go.”break, they let her go.”

19:29 “When he had entered 19:29 “When he had entered his house, he took a knife, his house, he took a knife, and grasping his concubine and grasping his concubine he cut her into twelve pieces, he cut her into twelve pieces, limb by limb, and sent her limb by limb, and sent her throughout all the territory throughout all the territory of Israel.:of Israel.:

20:1, 3b “Then all the 20:1, 3b “Then all the Israelites came out, from Israelites came out, from Dan to Beer-sheba, including Dan to Beer-sheba, including the land of Gilead, and the the land of Gilead, and the congregation assembled in congregation assembled in one body before the Lord at one body before the Lord at Mizpah. … And the Mizpah. … And the Israelites said, ‘Tell us, how Israelites said, ‘Tell us, how did this criminal act come did this criminal act come about?’”about?’”

20:13 “’Now then, hand over 20:13 “’Now then, hand over those scoundrels in Gibeah, those scoundrels in Gibeah, so that we may put them to so that we may put them to death, and purge the evil death, and purge the evil from Israel.’ But the from Israel.’ But the Benjaminites would not Benjaminites would not listen to their kinsfolk, the listen to their kinsfolk, the Israelites.”Israelites.”

21:25 “In those days there 21:25 “In those days there was no king in Israel; all the was no king in Israel; all the people did what was right in people did what was right in their own eyes.”their own eyes.”

SamuelSamuel Bridges the gap between Bridges the gap between

judges and prophetsjudges and prophets

I Samuel 7:15-17 “ Samuel I Samuel 7:15-17 “ Samuel judged Israel all the days of judged Israel all the days of his life. He went on a his life. He went on a circuit year by year to circuit year by year to Bethel, Gilgal, and Mizpah, Bethel, Gilgal, and Mizpah, and he judged Israel in all and he judged Israel in all these places. Then he these places. Then he would come back to Ramah, would come back to Ramah, for his home was there; he for his home was there; he administered justice there administered justice there to Israel, and built an altar to Israel, and built an altar there to the Lord.”there to the Lord.”

His sons prove unworthy to His sons prove unworthy to rule after him (I Sam 8:1-3)rule after him (I Sam 8:1-3)

A KingA King

I Sam 8:6-8I Sam 8:6-8 But the thing displeased Samuel when they But the thing displeased Samuel when they

said, “Give us a king to govern us.” Samuel said, “Give us a king to govern us.” Samuel prayed to the Lord and the Lord said to prayed to the Lord and the Lord said to Samuel, “Listen to the voice of the people in Samuel, “Listen to the voice of the people in all that they say to you; for they have not all that they say to you; for they have not rejected you, but they have rejected me from rejected you, but they have rejected me from being king over them. Just as they have done being king over them. Just as they have done to me from the day I brought them up out of to me from the day I brought them up out of Egypt to this day, forsaking me and serving Egypt to this day, forsaking me and serving other gods, so also are they doing to you.”other gods, so also are they doing to you.”

Arguments Against A Arguments Against A KingKing

TaxationTaxation One-tenth of grain, One-tenth of grain,

vineyards, flocksvineyards, flocks Loss of Labor Loss of Labor

(family and slave)(family and slave)

Change of LifestyleChange of Lifestyle Creation of a Creation of a

military and a military and a “court” pulls away “court” pulls away sons for servicesons for service

Away from home, Away from home, they must be they must be supported so pulls supported so pulls away daughters for away daughters for supportsupport

Arguments for a KingArguments for a King Standing MilitaryStanding Military

No need to muster No need to muster an army every time an army every time a fight comes upa fight comes up

Protection in a Protection in a hostile time and hostile time and areaarea

All tribes equally All tribes equally invested in the invested in the needs of the countryneeds of the country

Central Central GovernmentGovernment One lawOne law

Equal adjudication Equal adjudication and standingand standing

Diplomatic core for Diplomatic core for international international relationsrelations

Saul Saul Tall (1 Sam 9:2)Tall (1 Sam 9:2)

Transformed by God Transformed by God

(1 Sam 10:9)(1 Sam 10:9)

Reluctant to rule Reluctant to rule (10:21-23)(10:21-23)

Keeps living in Gibeah Keeps living in Gibeah (10:26)(10:26)

More on SaulMore on Saul Biblical account is Biblical account is

stacked against himstacked against him

The length of his rule is The length of his rule is not mentioned (13:1)not mentioned (13:1)

Two versions of why his Two versions of why his reign is lost (13:4-15 reign is lost (13:4-15 and 15:1-34); they are and 15:1-34); they are at the outset of the at the outset of the story to let the reader story to let the reader know what is going to know what is going to unfold so there is no unfold so there is no question of David’s question of David’s ultimate riseultimate rise

Saul is a valiant warrior; Saul is a valiant warrior; 14:47-48 reads: When 14:47-48 reads: When Saul had taken the Saul had taken the kingship over Israel, he kingship over Israel, he fought against his fought against his enemies on every side – enemies on every side – against Moab, against against Moab, against Edom, against the kings Edom, against the kings of Zobah, and against the of Zobah, and against the Philistines; wherever he Philistines; wherever he turned he routed them. turned he routed them. He did valiantly, and He did valiantly, and struck down the struck down the Amalekites, and rescued Amalekites, and rescued Israel out of the hands of Israel out of the hands of those who plundered those who plundered them.them.

Sons of SaulSons of Saul

As listed in 14:49As listed in 14:49

As listed in 31:2As listed in 31:2

Saul

Jonathan Ishvi (Ishbaal?)Malchishua

Saul

Jonathan Abinadab Malchishua

***Note also two daughters: Merab and ***Note also two daughters: Merab and Michal***Michal***

DavidDavid

I Samuel 16I Samuel 16 Anointed by SamuelAnointed by Samuel v. 12: young, v. 12: young,

beautiful eyes, beautiful eyes, handsomehandsome

David in Saul’s CourtDavid in Saul’s Court

Came into the Came into the service of Saul as a service of Saul as a musician (I Sam musician (I Sam 16:14-23)16:14-23)

Earned fame in the Earned fame in the defeat of Goliath (I defeat of Goliath (I Sam 17)Sam 17)

David, Saul, and Saul’s David, Saul, and Saul’s FamilyFamily

I Sam 16:21-22 And David I Sam 16:21-22 And David came to Saul , and entered came to Saul , and entered into his service. Saul into his service. Saul loved him greatly, and he loved him greatly, and he became his armor-bearer. became his armor-bearer. Saul sent to Jesse, saying, Saul sent to Jesse, saying, “Let David remain in my “Let David remain in my service, for he has found service, for he has found favor in my sight.” favor in my sight.” (compare 17:55-58)(compare 17:55-58)

18:1 When David had 18:1 When David had finished speaking to Saul, finished speaking to Saul, the soul of Jonathan was the soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David, bound to the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.his own soul.

18:4 Jonathan stripped 18:4 Jonathan stripped himself of the robe he was himself of the robe he was wearing, and gave it to wearing, and gave it to David, and his armor, and David, and his armor, and even his sword and his bow even his sword and his bow and his belt.and his belt.

18:20 Now Saul’s daughter 18:20 Now Saul’s daughter Michal loved DavidMichal loved David

19:1-7 Jonathan intercedes 19:1-7 Jonathan intercedes for Davidfor David

19:11-17 Michal saves 19:11-17 Michal saves David’s lifeDavid’s life

20: Jonathan helps him flee20: Jonathan helps him flee

David’s Challenge to SaulDavid’s Challenge to Saul 18:6-9: As they were coming home, 18:6-9: As they were coming home,

when David returned from killing when David returned from killing the Philistine, the women came out the Philistine, the women came out of all the towns of Israel, singing of all the towns of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet King Saul with and dancing, to meet King Saul with tambourines, with songs of joy, with tambourines, with songs of joy, with musical instruments. And the musical instruments. And the women sang to one another as they women sang to one another as they made merry, “Saul has killed his made merry, “Saul has killed his thousands, and David his ten thousands, and David his ten thousands.” Saul was very angry, thousands.” Saul was very angry, for this saying displeased him. He for this saying displeased him. He said, “They have ascribed to David said, “They have ascribed to David his ten thousands, and to me they his ten thousands, and to me they have ascribed thousands; what have ascribed thousands; what more can he have but the more can he have but the kingdom?” So Saul eyed David kingdom?” So Saul eyed David from that day on.from that day on.

Attempts to kill David with his Attempts to kill David with his spear – 18:10-11; 19:9-10.spear – 18:10-11; 19:9-10.

Attempts to kill him with a suicide Attempts to kill him with a suicide mission for a marriage – 18:20-27mission for a marriage – 18:20-27

Saul sees God with David – 18:12-Saul sees God with David – 18:12-16 and 2916 and 29

Saul angry with both Michal Saul angry with both Michal (19:17) and Jonathan (20:30-34)(19:17) and Jonathan (20:30-34)

Saul goes after those who help Saul goes after those who help David (22:14-19)David (22:14-19)

Saul chases David in wilderness Saul chases David in wilderness (23:15-29) and is not impressed (23:15-29) and is not impressed for long when David spares his for long when David spares his life two times (24:1-22 and 26:1-life two times (24:1-22 and 26:1-25)25)

David’s Steps to Secure the David’s Steps to Secure the ThroneThrone

When Saul dies, kills the When Saul dies, kills the young man who put him to young man who put him to death (2 Sam 1:14-16)death (2 Sam 1:14-16)

Mourns Saul in public (1:11-Mourns Saul in public (1:11-12, 17-27)12, 17-27)

Anointed king over Judah (2:1-Anointed king over Judah (2:1-4a); Ishbaal is King of Israel 4a); Ishbaal is King of Israel (2:8-11) with the support of (2:8-11) with the support of AbnerAbner

Rewards people of the city Rewards people of the city who cared for Saul’s body who cared for Saul’s body (2:4b-7) (2:4b-7)

Gains the support of Abner Gains the support of Abner (3:6-16); mourns him when (3:6-16); mourns him when Joab kills him (3:26-39)Joab kills him (3:26-39)

Gets Michal back (3:14-16)Gets Michal back (3:14-16)

Great PR (3:36)Great PR (3:36)

Kills and makes a show of the Kills and makes a show of the men who assassinate Ishabaal men who assassinate Ishabaal (4:9-12)(4:9-12)

Anointed king of all Israel (5:1-5)Anointed king of all Israel (5:1-5)

Chooses a politically neutral Chooses a politically neutral capital and establishes it (5:6-10)capital and establishes it (5:6-10)

Brings the ark of the covenant to Brings the ark of the covenant to the city (6:1-19)the city (6:1-19)

Michal remains childless (6:20-Michal remains childless (6:20-23)23)

David’s SonsDavid’s Sons

2 Samuel 3:2-5: Sons were born to David 2 Samuel 3:2-5: Sons were born to David at Hebron: his firstborn was Amnon, of at Hebron: his firstborn was Amnon, of Ahinoam of Jezreel; his second, Chileab, Ahinoam of Jezreel; his second, Chileab, of Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel; of Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel; the third, Absalom son of Maacah, the third, Absalom son of Maacah, daughter of King Talmai of Geshur; the daughter of King Talmai of Geshur; the fourth, Adonijah son of Haggith; the fifth, fourth, Adonijah son of Haggith; the fifth, Shephatiah son of Abital; and the sixth, Shephatiah son of Abital; and the sixth, Ithream, of David’s wife Eglah. These Ithream, of David’s wife Eglah. These were born to David at Hebron.were born to David at Hebron.

Nathan’s ProphecyNathan’s Prophecy 2 Samuel 7 8-17: Now therefore thus you shall say to my servant 2 Samuel 7 8-17: Now therefore thus you shall say to my servant

David: Thus says the Lord of hosts: I took you from the pasture, from David: Thus says the Lord of hosts: I took you from the pasture, from following the sheep to be prince over my people Israel; and I have following the sheep to be prince over my people Israel; and I have been with you where you went, and have cut off all your enemies from been with you where you went, and have cut off all your enemies from before you; and I will make for you a great name, like the names of before you; and I will make for you a great name, like the names of the great ones of the earth. And I will appoint a place for my people the great ones of the earth. And I will appoint a place for my people Israel and will plant them, so that they may live in their own place, Israel and will plant them, so that they may live in their own place, and be disturbed no more, as formerly, from the time that I appointed and be disturbed no more, as formerly, from the time that I appointed judges over my people Israel; and I will give you rest from all your judges over my people Israel; and I will give you rest from all your enemies. Moreover the Lord declares to you that the Lord will make enemies. Moreover the Lord declares to you that the Lord will make you a house. When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your you a house. When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your ancestors, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come ancestors, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come forth from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. He shall build forth from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. I will be a father to him, and he shall be a son to me. When forever. I will be a father to him, and he shall be a son to me. When he commits iniquity, I will punish him with a rod such as mortals use, he commits iniquity, I will punish him with a rod such as mortals use, with blows inflicted by human beings. But I will not take my with blows inflicted by human beings. But I will not take my steadfast love from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away steadfast love from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before you. Your house and your kingdom shall be made sire forever before you. Your house and your kingdom shall be made sire forever before me; your throne shall be established forever. In accordance before me; your throne shall be established forever. In accordance with all these words and with all this vision, Nathan spoke to David.with all these words and with all this vision, Nathan spoke to David.

David’s TroublesDavid’s Troubles

11:1-2: In the spring of the year, the time when 11:1-2: In the spring of the year, the time when kings go out to battle, David sent Joab with his kings go out to battle, David sent Joab with his officers and all Israel with him; they ravaged officers and all Israel with him; they ravaged the Ammonites, and besieged Rabbah. But the Ammonites, and besieged Rabbah. But David remained in Jerusalem. It happened, late David remained in Jerusalem. It happened, late one afternoon, when David rose from his couch one afternoon, when David rose from his couch and was walking about on the roof of the king’s and was walking about on the roof of the king’s house, that he saw from the roof a woman house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; the woman was very beautiful.bathing; the woman was very beautiful.

Note v.6: Now she was purifying herself after Note v.6: Now she was purifying herself after her periodher period

David’s Troubles David’s Troubles (continued)(continued)

Bathsheba turns up Bathsheba turns up pregnant after her time pregnant after her time with David (11:5)with David (11:5)

David calls in her David calls in her husband Uriah from the husband Uriah from the front to try and “cover” front to try and “cover” his mistake; Uriah will his mistake; Uriah will not sleep with his wife not sleep with his wife (11:6-13)(11:6-13)

David orders Joab to David orders Joab to arrange for Uriah’s arrange for Uriah’s death (11: 14-21)death (11: 14-21)

David assures Joab it is David assures Joab it is okay (11:25) and not to okay (11:25) and not to worryworry

Bathsheba brought into Bathsheba brought into David’s house (11:27)David’s house (11:27)

The child of David and The child of David and Bathsheba dies (12:15-Bathsheba dies (12:15-23)23)

Solomon born to them Solomon born to them (12:24-25)(12:24-25)

Trouble in The FamilyTrouble in The Family Amnon (eldest son) Amnon (eldest son)

rapes Tamar (the sister rapes Tamar (the sister of Absalom, the third of Absalom, the third oldest son)oldest son)

David “became very David “became very angry, but he would not angry, but he would not punish his son Amnon, punish his son Amnon, because he loved him, because he loved him, for he was his for he was his firstborn” (13:21)firstborn” (13:21)

Absalom waits two Absalom waits two years (13:23) then kills years (13:23) then kills Amnon (vv. 28-29)Amnon (vv. 28-29)

Absalom flees (vv. 34, Absalom flees (vv. 34, 37) even though it 37) even though it was a crime people was a crime people understood (v. 32)understood (v. 32)

Joab arranges for Joab arranges for Absalom’s return after Absalom’s return after three years (vv. 38-three years (vv. 38-39); he waits another 39); he waits another two in Jerusalem two in Jerusalem (14:23-24, 28) before (14:23-24, 28) before he is forgiven by his he is forgiven by his father (v. 33)father (v. 33)

The CoupThe Coup Absalom is a beautiful man Absalom is a beautiful man

(14:25-26)(14:25-26)

He wins over the people He wins over the people with his charm in a four-with his charm in a four-year campaign (15:1-6)year campaign (15:1-6)

Gets himself declared King Gets himself declared King at Hebron and garners at Hebron and garners support of some of his support of some of his father’s people (15:7-12)father’s people (15:7-12)

Forces his father to leave Forces his father to leave Jerusalem (15:13-18); Jerusalem (15:13-18); leaves the ark behind (v leaves the ark behind (v 25)25)

Ahithophel and Hushai Ahithophel and Hushai (16:15-17:23) – note the (16:15-17:23) – note the concubines and then war concubines and then war adviceadvice

Absalom and his army are Absalom and his army are defeated (18:1, 6-8)defeated (18:1, 6-8)

Absalom killed by Joab Absalom killed by Joab (18:5, 9-15)(18:5, 9-15)

Joab rebukes David’s Joab rebukes David’s mourning (18:36-19:8)mourning (18:36-19:8)

David resumes his position David resumes his position (19:8-15)(19:8-15)

The SuccessionThe Succession David ill and dying (1 David ill and dying (1

Kings 1:1-4)Kings 1:1-4)

Adonijah makes a Adonijah makes a move to be king (1:5-move to be king (1:5-10). He is supported 10). He is supported by Joab and Abiatharby Joab and Abiathar

Nathan seeks out Nathan seeks out Bathsheba to fool the Bathsheba to fool the king and get Solomon king and get Solomon in (1:11-40)in (1:11-40)

Adonijah initially Adonijah initially seeks the mercy of his seeks the mercy of his half-brother (1:49-53)half-brother (1:49-53)

David dies (2:10-12)David dies (2:10-12)

Adonijah makes a Adonijah makes a move; Solomon kills move; Solomon kills him and also takes him and also takes care of other enemies care of other enemies like Joab (2:13-46)like Joab (2:13-46)

Solomon as KingSolomon as King Ruled over a great Ruled over a great

kingdom (4:20-28)kingdom (4:20-28)

Built the temple Built the temple (chapter 5)(chapter 5)

His acts as king were His acts as king were many (9:15-28)many (9:15-28)

Married foreign Married foreign women (11:1-13)women (11:1-13)

Faced rebellion (11:26-Faced rebellion (11:26-40)40)

Succession Troubles Succession Troubles AgainAgain

Reheboam to Reheboam to succeed his father succeed his father Solomon (11:41-Solomon (11:41-43)43)

Jereboam and his Jereboam and his followers make followers make some demands some demands (12:4-5)(12:4-5)

Reheboam considers Reheboam considers and then refuses and then refuses (12:6-15)(12:6-15)

The United The United Monarchy becomes Monarchy becomes two – the Northern two – the Northern Kingdom under Kingdom under Jereboam and the Jereboam and the Southern Kingdom Southern Kingdom under Reheboamunder Reheboam