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Identifying Plants in Winter
Slides 1-5: Reference: www.dof.virginia.gov
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By Charlie Dubay
Workshop presented to John Clayton Chapter, VNPS on 2/18/12
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SOME WAYS WE IDENTIFY WOODY PLANTS IN WINTER1.Old leaves (on ground or dried on the tree)2.Buds (number/shape/color)3.Twig (color/rough/smooth/fat/thin/thorns/zig-zag)4.Twig odor when scratched5.Leaf/bud/twig attachment (opposite/alternate)6.Leaf type (scale/needle/broad/compound/simple)7.Leaf scar (shape/bud position/bundle scars)8.Evergreen or deciduous9.Bark (rough/smooth/color/lower branches)10. Fruits (dried or ripe on tree or on ground)11. Habitat (wet/dry/shade/sun/slope/flat)12. Plant growth form (vine/shrub/tree)
What to look for to ID plants• DESCRIPTIONS• Circle all that apply: • Dof.virginia.gov oregonmag.com hsbcubscouts.org• A. Leaf Type: Scale Needle Broad Evergreen or • • Deciduous • Compound or Simple
Buckeyeleaf.com dkimages.com z.about.com marz-kreations.com • palmate pinnate palmate Pinnate • Leaflets leaflets veins veins• • B. Leaf Attachment: Opposite or Alternate• dnr.state.md.us dnr.state.md.us • • • C. Leaf Size: ( Use ruler on page edge →) • (or you can estimate – First • joint in thumb = 1 inch) Length: _________inches Width: __________ inches• • • D. Describe/sketch Fruits (if present): State the date:• (Give size as well)• • • • • E. Describe/sketch Flowers (if present): State the date:• (Give size as well)•
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Leaf Type:
scale Needle Broad
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Simple:
Palmateveins
Pinnateveins
Compound:
Palmateleaflets
Pinnateleaflets 5
Opposite Alternate
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C. Leaf Size: ( Use ruler on page edge →) (or you can estimate – First joint in thumb = 1 inch) Length: _________inches Width: __________ inchesD. Describe/sketch Fruits (if present): State the date: (Give size as well)E. Describe/sketch Flowers (if present): State the date: (Give size as well)
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F. Leaf Edge:
Entire (smooth) (no teeth or lobes)
teeth
Lobes
bristle hairs at lobe tips
rounded lobes 8
Habitat: Buds:
TWIG (the VERY TIP PART of the branch):
thickness
color(s)
ODOR
markings or bumps or bends Attachment(opposite/alternate
ibiblio.orgbotany.csdl.tamu.edu
Black Gum
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mature bark
White OakGroup
Red Oak Group
Yellow Poplar
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Examples of local forest Plants and plant-like
Organisms
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LICHENS:Part Fungus and part Alga
WWW.CLBT.ORG12
THREE GROWTH FORMS:CRUSTOSE FOLIOSE FRUTICOSE
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Moss
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FERNS
CHRISTMAS FERNFiddle heads Adult fern
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16
Devil’s Walking Stick
dkimages.com
butler.edu
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American Beech
Note: dried leaves stay on tree in winter – Buds resemble thorns
Nuts are delicious!!
dcnr.state.pa.usDuke.edu
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American Hornbeam
Smooth ‘wavy’ bark
Compare to Eastern Hophornbeam(Ostrya virginiana) withIts peely bark!!
botany.csdl.tamu.edu
cas.vanderbilt.edu
Scarlet Oak(Whitish hairs on bud tips)
Northern Red Oak
The oaks(Have multiple buds at twig tip!!)
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A
B
C E
DF 20
chestofbooks.comdepartments.bloomu.educhestofbooks.com
or
Soft fuzz on back
Smooth back
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A
D
C E
FB
Yellow Poplar:
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Sweetgum
botany.csdl.tamu.edu ibiblio.org
Black Gum
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A
B C
1 INCH ‘HEXAGONS’
Light colored tip on DARK red buds
(NOT-why?)
AB fp.auburn.edu
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Persimmon Persimmon
C
25
gloucesterva.info
fp.auburn.ed
SOURWOOD
OFTEN LEANS
A
C
B
D
TAN IN GROOVES
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SYCAMORE
biology.clc.uc.edu
flickr.com
tree-species.blogspot.com
AD
E
B
commons.wikimedia.org
C
How do we know it isn’t Sweetgum (4 WAYS)?
ncrowdkids.com Sweetgum
F
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una.edu
cas.vanderbilt.edu
BLACK CHERRY
Young bark Old bark
Twig & Bud
Scratch & it STINKS!!
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Hickory species(Probably Mockernut H.)
With criss-cross markings on bark (behind the Beech)
dailykos.com
msuplants.com
chestofbooks.com
Thick husk - thin huskOn Mockernut on Pignut
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River Birch
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treesandshrubs.about.comforestry.about.com
Bark 2 types of needles
Eastern Red Cedar
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forestry.ky.govearlyforest.com
cnr.vt.edu
mdc.mo.gov
cas.vanderbilt.edu
Pines of Williamsburg, VA Virginia
ShortleafLoblolly
Virginia Loblolly or Shortleaf
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OPPOSITE LEAF TREESThe “MAD”
Trees!!(Maple, Ash &
Dogwood)
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Red Maple:
woodmagic.vt.edu
Find similar images outdoors.org
outdoors.orgoutdoors.org
treegrowersdiary.com
tapmytrees.com
Young bark
Older bark Like white oak
Ash Twigs in Winter
35Green Ash White Ash
http://ohioline.osu.edu/for-fact/0055.html
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Flowering Dogwood (watch for Swamp Dogwood in wetlands)
treetopics.com
treetopics.comflwildflowers.com
missouriplants.com
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Wild Grape – Probably Muscadine Grape
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Cross vine
Young – 2 leaf stage
sfrc.ufl.edu
chestofbooks.comurban-science.blogspot.com
duke.edu39
Poison Ivy
SummerWinter
Let’s see how much we remember:Use the answer sheet provided
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1.
2.
3.
4.
41
duke.edubiology.clc.uc.edu
5.
6.
7.
8.
4242
duke.edu
9.
10.
11.
12.
mdc.mo.gov
floridata.com
4343
13.
14.
15.
16.
fp.auburn.eduibiblio.org
4444
17.
18.
19.
20.
chestofbooks.com
ANSWER KEY1. Eastern Red cedar2. River Birch3. Black Cherry/Cherrybark Oak
4. Foliose Lichen5. Sycamore6. Red Maple7. Poison Ivy8. Cross Vine9. Shortleaf Pine10. Flowering Dogwood
11. Cross Vine 12. American Holly13. Sourwood 14. Persimmon15. American Hornbeam16. Black Gum17. Devil’s Walking Stick18. Red Oak GROUP19. Basket Oak20. Yellow Poplar
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