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Identifying Personal Career Options Using Computer Based Technology and Context In
Guidance
John Kelly, CASCAiD Ltd
IAEVG Conference 2009 Finland
Introduce CASCAiD Ltd
• Founded in 1969, now a company wholly owned by Loughborough University
• Employs 38 people with skills in software development and occupational research
• CASCAiD is committed to providing high quality computer software to assist in careers education and guidance throughout the UK and internationally
– Comprehensive database of UK careers supported by multimedia content
– “Careers Matching” interests inventory
– Skills assessment and matching tools
– Action planning for career management
– Careers education and guidance programmes
Principles of CASCAiD’s career guidance software
• CASCAiD’s software aims to help users by being:
– OPEN
• The client sees how occupations have been analysed
• The client sees why each career has been suggested
– CLIENT-CENTRED
• Results are based on the client’s own responses
• The client is given the freedom to amend responses
• The client can assess the relevance of the information for themselves
Principles of CASCAiD’s career guidance software
• CASCAiD’s software aims to help users by being:
– LEARNING BASED
• Clients explore new ways of thinking about careers, including how they feel about particular aspects of work
• Clients learn more about each career through the detailed occupational information
– REFLECTIVE
• Clients reflect on how their likes and dislikes affect the sorts of careers suggested
• This self-reflection and analysis may lead to further research and discussion in a broader context
Principles of CASCAiD’s career guidance software
• CASCAiD software is used for a variety of purposes:
– To raise questions and identify issues for discussion with a careers counsellor
– To encourage clients to investigate careers further
– To provide new career ideas and widen their horizons
Principles of CASCAiD’s career guidance software
• CASCAiD software is used…
– …with a variety of individuals of all ages and abilities in:
• Employment
• Unemployment
• Education
• Training
– …with varying needs:
• Wishing to change career
• With a qualification potential ranging from no qualifications to degree level and beyond
• Investigating training and/or higher education choices
• Investigating career choices generally
Preparation of Careers Data
• Details of an occupation are researched from a variety of sources
• Information is organised into the following fields:
– Description
– Characteristics of the profession
– Work activities
– Personal qualities & skills
– Employment opportunities
– Entry routes
– Other information
• This information is then checked by the relevant professional body
Preparation of Career Matching Data
• Each career detail is analysed in terms of the “aspects of work” which are important to it
• Each aspect of work follows these criteria in relation to careers
– It is an essential feature of, or occurs frequently in, a number of careers
– It differentiates between careers
– It is of consistent prominence within any one career
• Some factors are omitted, e.g. personal talent, which might out-weigh all other considerations in a career like singer or professional sportsman
Preparation of Career Matching Data
• For each career have a list of aspects from a total of 117
• Ideally each career should have at least one central aspect from the first 39 asked in the program
• The allocation of a career’s aspects is compared with other careers:
– Careers that have the same aspects
– Similar jobs (often from same types of work) to see if they involve similar aspects
• If possible the allocation is checked with the relevant professional body and/or a number of individuals in that career
• If work activity information is changed then aspects are reviewed
Career Matching Process
• A user is asked whether they are interested in each aspect of work
– 5 possible answers (Like very much, Like, Dislike, Dislike very much and Does not matter)
• Questions are asked in two groups
– First 39 aspects occur in most careers
• Provides an initial match list
– Subsequent 77 aspects
• Refine the match list
• The user must indicate their qualification level before the initial match list
– Levels 1 – 5 (can select any number or permutation)
Career Matching Process
• Each career starts out as a suitable match
• Each stage of process either leaves career as suitable or demotes it
• Eventually all of the careers are allocated one of the following match comments
– Very Good, Good or Fair
• These are suitable careers
– Questionable
• These are less suitable careers
– Poor
• These are unsuitable careers
Career Matching Process
• Careers are ranked in order of suitability within each group and shown in this order in the careers suggestions list
– Typically the user is presented with a list of the top 20 or 40 matched careers
• Selecting a career allows the user to examine their responses to the aspects for that career
– “Suitable for me?”
• Matching comment, both regarding qualification level and interests match
• List of all aspects with the users responses
• User can alter their responses at any time
Approach to International versions
• Partnership approach
– CASCAiD responsibilities:
• Provide careers assessment software as a basis
• Technical expertise
• Training
• Project management
– Partner responsibilities:
• Translation
• Adaptation of occupational data
• Advise on other changes and additional features
• Training of counsellors
• Introduction to the market
Approach to international versions
• Existing International Collaboration:
– Italy
– Belgium
– Canada
– Croatia
– Denmark
– Ireland
– Norway
– Scotland
– Slovenia
– Sweden
– United States
Collaboration for S.OR.PRENDO
• Adaptation and research
– Adaptation and testing of CASCAiD’s Adult Directions career matching program: S.OR.PRENDO.
• Partnership between:
– CASCAiD Ltd
– Regione Friuli-Venezia Giulia
• Information research and testing by:
– Risorse per L’Orientamento e il Lavoro, department of ASTER
Collaboration for S.OR.PRENDO
• The S.OR.PRENDO project 2003 - 2006:
– Phase 1 – agreeing the project plan and scope
– Phase 2 – deciding on scope of occupational data (now some 300 careers)
– Phase 3 – training in CASCAiD occupational data philosophy
– Phase 4 – occupational data and program translation and construction
– Phase 5 – Training counsellors in program use during experimentation
– Phase 6 – Evaluation of the experimentation phase
S.OR.PRENDO 2007 - 2008
• 2007
– Release of S.OR.PRENDO for use in region FVG
– Recruitment of partners for other regions in Italy
• 2008
– Release of S.OR.PRENDO for use in other regions of Italy
– Training for new representatives
– Research for the next development phase
• 2009
– Development and release of S.OR.PRENDO Italia
S.OR.PRENDO 2008: User & Adviser Questionnaires
• Research carried out by Professor Maria Luisa Pombeni, Dean of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy
• Interested in the development of guidance in Italy
• Research sought to understand the effectiveness of the software and what guidance might be required with it
S.OR.PRENDO 2008: User Questionnaires
• 464 completed questionnaires
• 5 regions (Piedmont, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Puglia, Trentino-Alto Adige, Tuscany)
• Classification of respondents:
– 67.5% Female : 32.5% Male
– 75% students : 12.5% Unemployed : 10.8% Employed
S.OR.PRENDO 2008: User Questionnaires
• Age of respondents
– 10 – 14 years old 2.2%
– 15 – 19 years old 72.6%
– 20 – 29 years old 12.5%
– 30 – 39 years old 7.6%
– 40 – 49 years old 3.7%
– Older 1.0%
S.OR.PRENDO 2008: User Questionnaires
• Time for use
– Less than 30 mins 40.1%
– 30 – 60 mins 47.4%
– More than 60 mins 11.0%
• Mode of use
– Individual 30.0%
– Individual + adviser 35.8%
– In a group 3.0%
– In a group + adviser 30.8%
S.OR.PRENDO 2008: User Questionnaires
• Objectives
– Find out about new professions 62.5%
– More information on a specific profession 81.9%
– Further information on own choices 67.6%
– For own career research project 73.0%
– To find suitable employment 77.9%
S.OR.PRENDO 2008: User Questionnaires
• Content
– Information articles read: 96.7%
• Education and training 97.4%
• Work 97.5%
• Mobility in Europe 94.0%
– Couldn’t find required professions 28.9%
– Found expected professions 82.3%
S.OR.PRENDO 2008: User Questionnaires
• Comments
– Interesting, enjoyable, fun, useful
– Requires more time
– Information is generic
– Not enough high qualification professions
– No questions on issues / personal resources
– There is an opportunity to save results and return to the program
– Instructions are very easy to comprehend. Layout, i.e. use of colour makes it easy to navigate
– When you've finished a search it would be good to see where to find the job
S.OR.PRENDO 2008: Adviser Questionnaires
• Sample
– Advisers from colleges
– Advisers from vocational training centres
• View on General Information
– Clarity Very good
– Completeness OK
S.OR.PRENDO 2008: Adviser Questionnaires
• Careers database
– Ease of navigation Very good
– Guidance within program Very good
– Quality of profiles Good
– Completeness of profiles Good
– Structure of profiles Good
• Occupations and Interests
– Ease of navigation Very good
– Guidance within program Very good
S.OR.PRENDO 2008: Adviser Questionnaires
• Comments
– Focuses client on what they do and don't want from a career. Enables client to explore options. Helps clients make realistic choices. Provides printed information/resources/contacts for clients to follow up
– Generates career ideas that many of my client group would not have considered or known about, so is very useful as an empowerment tool
– Information could be confined to local sources
– Not enough higher qualification professions
– No armed forces careers
– I help people through the initial stages of the program and then if they feel comfortable I leave them to complete it
– Helpful to support clients who are very uncertain about direction to take. It enables them to focus and reflect on interests/likes. Clarifies strengths, weaknesses. Supports decision making
– Useful if client is totally unsure or has no idea what career path to take. Is a good starting point for ideas and prompts discussion.
S.OR.PRENDO 2008: Adviser Questionnaires
• Ideal users: Students
• When: Before leaving school or when changing course
• How: Ideally individually but also in groups
• Purposes: To broaden knowledge of careers and to develop an understanding of the
individuals interests
• Best proposition: S.OR.PRENDO with guidance before and after use
Recommendations & Actions
• S.OR.PRENDO
– 2009 release (S.OR.PRENDO Italia) will include more professions and more information on national and regional contacts
• Guidance for S.OR.PRENDO
– Adviser training courses now offered to support users before, during and after use of the program
– Leonardo project: “Career guidelines: Information and guidance on new careers and training pathways”
• Further research
– Validation of the CASCAiD matching process by Dr Anders Loven, University of Malmo