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Identifying most vulnerable (Roma) communities in Slovakia. Joost de Laat (Phd) Senior Economist Human Development Europe and Central Asia The World Bank. Outline. 2012 Slovakia Poverty Mapping project – Statistical Office/WB - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Identifying most vulnerable (Roma) communities in Slovakia
Joost de Laat (Phd)Senior Economist
Human Development Europe and Central Asia
The World Bank
2012 Slovakia Poverty Mapping project – Statistical Office/WB
What are poverty maps? Going from high level NUTS to small LAU areas
Combining 2011 census information with EU-SILC survey information as a (potential) way to poverty mapping
Bulgaria poverty mapping case study
Outline
Estimating EU Poverty Indicators @ LAU Levels
How to go from ‘high-level’ NUTS…?
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_nomenclature/principles_characteristics
Example: NUTS 3
Example: Nuts 3 in Slovakia represent 8 regions
…down to ‘Local Administrative Units’ LAU levels 1 and 2?
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_nomenclature/local_administrative_units
LAU 1: Bulgaria Poverty Incidence Map
LAU 1 level (‘nuts 4’) – 262 municipalities (2005)
Estimating EU Poverty Indicators @ LAU levels: Main Challenge
Source: “EU legislation on the 2011 Population and Housing Censuses” (Eurostat 2011, ISSN 1977-0375)
In summary: Household survey like EU-SILC have breadth
of indicators, but sample sizes too small to be representative for local area units
Population censuses do allow small areas calculations but frequently lack breadth of indicators necessary to calculate main poverty indicators
Small Area Estimation: Combine Census and Survey Information
Common Household Background CharacteristicsEU-SILC or other detailed
survey
Common Household Background Characteristics
National Population Census
Background characteristics unique to EU-
SILC
Household Welfare Indicator(s) such as at-risk-of-poverty in
EU-SILC
Step 0
Step 1
Household Welfare Indicator(s) such as
at-risk-of-poverty not in census
Step 2
POVERTY MAP(S)
Highly disaggregated databases of:◦ Poverty◦ Inequality◦ Average income/consumption◦ Calorie intake◦ Under-nutrition◦ Other indicators (health, employment etc)
What are Poverty Maps?
Goals◦ Identify poor municipalities◦ Serve a basis for targeting for poverty reduction
Implementation: Joint team (Data Users’ Group)◦ Leadership of the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy (MLSP)◦ Technical expertise of the National Statistical Institute (NSI)◦ Active involvement of leading Bulgarian academics◦ World Bank financing and technical assistance trough a
Capacity Building Institutional Development Fund (IDF) grant Outcomes
◦ 2003 and 2005 poverty incidence maps
Bulgaria Poverty Map Case Study
Methodology◦ Data sources: 2001 Census and 2001 and 2003
Bulgaria Integrated Household Surveys (BIHS), and district level indicators
◦ BIHS: 2,500-3,023 households, representative at NUTS 1 (Sofia, urban, rural level)
◦ 30 common indicators between Census and BIHS◦ Standard “small-area estimation” procedure
Municipal level indicators estimated◦ Poverty rate, poverty depth, severity of poverty, and
Gini coefficients
Bulgaria Poverty Map Case Study
Main Findings Considerable variation in poverty levels across
municipalities: 3%-40% of individuals Considerable variation in poverty levels across
municipalities within the same district Poorest areas characterized by relatively higher shares of
ethnic minorities (Roma and Turkish households) Poorest areas characterized by lacking in:o human capital endowment (prevalence of people with low
education attainment, or elderly pensioners), ando infrastructure
Bulgaria Poverty Map Case Study
Policy use◦ Strategic poverty documents, e.g.
The National Plan for Poverty Reduction 2005-2006 Strategy for Reduction of Poverty and Social Exclusion
2006-08 District Development Strategies 2005-2015
◦ Targeting of antipoverty interventions Program for Poverty Reduction in the (13) Poorest
Municipalities Targeting of Social Investment Fund (SIF) projects included in a multi-dimensional continuous scoring formula applied
for ranking of municipal proposals, along with other indicators Social Investment and Employment Promotion Project (WB)
Bulgaria Poverty Map Case Study
Appropriate for targeting Poverty maps can be very useful tool to target poorest areas
Implemented around the world.
Window of opportunity: 2011 Censuses and annual EU-SILC survey data
Involve community of Roma stakeholders to identify Roma communities on poverty map and build ownership – Slovak Roma Atlas
Identify vulnerable communities concluding Remarks