Identifying Hidden HazardsDr. Lianne Lefsrud, Kathleen Baker, and Julie Zettl

May 3, 2018

Banff, AB, Canada

Thank You to Our

Collaborators

• Canadian Dewatering

• Canadian Natural Resources Limited

• CEDA

• Clear Stream Energy

• ConeTec

• Energy Safety Canada

• Fort McKay Group of Companies

• Graham Construction

• Imperial Oil Limited

• Ketek

• Owl Moon Environmental Inc.

• Rough Rider International Limited

• Suncor Energy

• Syncrude Canada Limited

We would like to thank the following companies and organizations for their participation:

Who are we?

Who are you?

What is your name?

What industry do you work in?

What is your job title?

Why did you come to this workshop?

Hazard Recognition

Fig 1. Role of hazard recognition in safety management (after Jeelani et al., 2017)

Hazard Present

Hazard Recognized

Risk Evaluated

Physical Barrier

Implemented

Procedural Barrier

Implemented

Adequate Safety

Control

No Incident

Hazard Not Recognized

Inadequate Safety

Control

Possible Incident

Jeelani, I., Albert, A., and Gambatese, J, A., 2017. Why do construction hazard remain unrecognized at the work interface? Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 143 (5).

Hazard Identification

Researchers have determined that all workers have a difficult time identifying hazards in dynamic, complex environments (Jeelani et al. 2017) and novice workers were unable to recognize 53% of hazards in their work environments (Bahn 2013).

NIOSH Malaysia. OHS Awareness Talk Series. https://www.slideshare.net/zahrim/niosh1

Hazard Identification

Researchers have determined that all workers have a difficult time identifying hazards in dynamic, complex environments (Jeelani et al. 2017) and novice workers were unable to recognize 53% of hazards in their work environments (Bahn 2013).

NIOSH Malaysia. OHS Awareness Talk Series. https://www.slideshare.net/zahrim/niosh1

Types of Hazards

Biological Silica

Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.

Types of Hazards

Biological

Chemical Drilling fluids

Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.

Types of Hazards

Biological

Chemical

Electrical Arc Flash

Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.General Electric Electrical Safety Datasheet. http://www.geindustrial.com/sites/geis/files/gallery/GE_Final_Oil_Links.pdf.

Types of Hazards

Biological

Chemical

Electrical

Ergonomic Manual valve

turning

Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.

Types of Hazards

Biological

Chemical

Electrical

Ergonomic

Potential gravitational

Climbing derrick

Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.

Types of Hazards

Biological

Chemical

Electrical

Ergonomic

Potential gravitational

Thermal Refinery fire

Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.

Types of Hazards

Biological

Chemical

Electrical

Ergonomic

Potential gravitational

Thermal

Potential kinetic Suspended loads

Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.

Types of Hazards

Biological

Chemical

Electrical

Ergonomic

Potential gravitational

Thermal

Potential kinetic

Pressure Blow out

Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.

Types of Hazards

Biological

Chemical

Electrical

Ergonomic

Potential gravitational

Thermal

Potential kinetic

Pressure

Psychological Work related stress

Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.

Definitions

“Seen” Hazards: hazards that are identified and controlled using engineered, administrative controls or personal protective equipment to bring the risk to a level that is as low as reasonably practicable

“Normalized” Hazards: common hazards in one's work environment that are tolerated by workers independent of the risk associated with them

“Unseen or Overlooked” Hazards: hazards that are unidentified by workers, are not detected by monitoring systems, engineered or administrative controls

Why Hazards Become Normalized

Cognition

Emotional

Organizational

Cognition

Workers depend on sensory cues to identify hazards 1

Mental shortcuts can either help or hinder the workers ability to identify of hazards 2, 3

1. Pocock DC. Sight and knowledge. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers.1981 Jan 1:385-93.2. Kasperson RE, Renn O, Slovic P, Brown HS, Emel J, Goble R, Kasperson JX, Ratick S. The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework. Risk analysis. 1988 Jun 1;8(2):177-87.3. Finucane ML, Alhakami A, Slovic P, Johnson SM. The affect heuristic in judgments of risks and benefits. Journal of behavioral decision making. 2000 Jan 1;13(1):1.

Sensory Cues

Emotional

Technical risk level of a hazard can be very different from the perceived risk 4

Risk = Hazard + Outrage 4

Angry drivers experience lapses in concentration, minor losses of vehicle control, close calls, aggressive driving and risky behaviour 5

Frustration causes neural transmitters to go into survival mode instead of allowing us to reason 6

4. Sandman PM. Responding to community outrage: Strategies for effective risk communication. AIHA; 1993.5. Dahlen. E.R., Martin. R.C., Ragan. K., and Kuhlman. M.M. 2004. Driving anger, sensation seeking, impulsiveness, and boredom proneness in the prediction of unsafe driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 37 (2005). 341-3486. Sylvestre. C. 2017. The neuroscience of personal safety. AusIMM Bulletin. https://www.ausimmbulletin.com/feature/neuroscience-personal-safety/

(after Sylvestre)

Factors Affecting Risk Tolerance

•Voluntariness (right to refuse)

•Controllability (your job)

• Familiarity (normalization of risks)

• Benefits (livelihood)

•Understanding (over confident)

•Trust (company will take care of you)

• Incident history (memory of past event)

•Anger (distracted from tasks)

Organizational

“Safety Culture”- How things are done around here

Reward or penalty motivational factors

Over worked or under worked

Supervisors and co-workers

Internal communication

Time constraints

Peer pressure

6. Aksorn T, Hadikusumo BH. The unsafe acts and the decision-to-err factors of Thai construction workers. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries. 2007 Jan 1;12(1):1-25.

Why are Hazards Unseen?

Within the Worker’s Control

Within the Organization’s Control

Causes of Unseen Hazards

Within the Worker’s Control:

Unfamiliarity with tools, equipment, processes or operations

Hazards that are unassociated with the primary task

Perceived low levels of risk

Stopping hazard recognition prematurely

Selective attention or inattention

Task unfamiliarity

Jeelani, I., Albert, A., and Gambatese, J, A., 2017. Why do construction hazard remain unrecognized at the work interface? Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 143 (5).

Causes of Unseen Hazards

Within the Organization’s Control:

Multiple hazards associated with a single source or task

Visually unperceivable/ obscure hazards

Infrequent or unexpected hazards

Unknown potential hazards

Hazard source detection failure

Hazards without immediate outcome

Latent or stored energy hazards

Jeelani, I., Albert, A., and Gambatese, J, A., 2017. Why do construction hazard remain unrecognized at the work interface? Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 143 (5).

What are the “unseen or overlooked” hazards at your place of work?

At your tables, brainstorm a list of unseen or overlooked hazards in your work environments

Pick 1-2 examples to share with the larger group

A Case Study of Hazards in the OilsandsTailings Area

Tailings Leaking from Mainline Pipe

Process Water Leaking from Nipple Pipe

Examples of “Unseen or Overlooked” Ground Hazards in Oil Sands Tailings Area

Examples of “Unseen or Overlooked” Ground Hazards in Oil Sands Tailings Area

Examples of “Unseen or Overlooked” Ground Hazards in Oil Sands Tailings Area

Examples of Ground Hazards in Oil Sands Tailings Area

What happens when it snows?

Communicate “Unseen or Overlooked” Hazards to Frontline Workers

Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hierarchy/

How Could You Communicate “Unseen or Overlooked” Hazards to Frontline Workers?

At your tables, discuss potential solutions to increase therecognition of hazards and how to best communicate the risks at your work place.

Share with larger group

How Could You Communicate “Unseen or Overlooked” Hazards to Frontline Workers?

Questions?

School of Engineering Safety and Risk Management

David and Joan Lynch

Now have six professors:

• Gord Winkel, John Cocchio, Norm Nibber, Lianne Lefsrud,

Renato Macciotta, and Lisa White

Two undergraduate engineering safety/risk management courses

• ENGG404 – mandatory for all engineering undergrads –

1100 per year

• ENGG406 – technical elective for process safety management,

60 Chem Eng per year

One graduate course CME 694 Risk Management

• Quantitative risk analysis, consequence modeling, cost benefit

analysis, system resilience, layers of protection approach,

30 students per year

Research projects involving 10-15 grad students per year on:

• Worker safety for tailings operations with Energy Safety Canada

• Effectiveness of OHS and Environment enforcement actions on

WCB claims rates

• Safety Management Systems in Railway Safety Act

• Identifying and mitigating Microbial Influenced Corrosion in

Pipelines for Genome Canada

• Safety Culture with COAA

Contact Information

Dr. Lianne Lefsrud, P.Eng., lefsrud@ualberta.ca, 780-951-3455

Kathleen Baker, EIT., kebaker@ualberta.ca, 403-969-6554

Julie Zettl, P.Eng. Pending, zettl@ualberta.ca, 306-381-7448