Identify these Components Motherboard holds the CPU and memory CPU - central processing unit the brains of the system Ports sockets that peripheral

Identify these Components

Motherboard holds the CPU and memory

CPU - central processing unit the brains of the system

Ports sockets that peripheral devices plug into. An interface

on a computer used to connect a deviceMemory

holds all data and instructions for all running programs Gigabit

230 or approximately 1 billion bitsBus

the shared communication channel for all the components

Find System information. See page 50&51 in your book. Or see About This Mac.

2

CSCI 101

Understanding Hardware and Software

Chlotia Garrison

Review

1. What are the two main types of electronic signals?

2. What is the most used encoding scheme for the computer?

3. What numbering system does the computer use?

4. What is the most popular port?

5. What is 01101 binary converted to decimal?

Objectives

Computer configuration reviewStorage types and capacitiesMemory types and usesSystem and application software File ManagementCloud Computing

You have just gotten a new computer. It did not come with any software.

1. What software do you need?

2. Will all software run on your computer?

3. Can you get free software to do school work?

The System UnitBox that contains the central electronic components of the computerComplete the top of your notes page

The Motherboard◦ CPU

◦ Memory

◦ Connections

Expansion Cards

and slots Ports Drives (storage devices)

and bays

Secondary Storage Or Mass Storage

Complete the Notes pageMagnetic

OpticalSpiraling Track

Detector

Pit

Land

Sector

Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway Bus

◦ Electrical pathway used to move data between components

01100010

0111001101001000

00100111

Your computer information

Determine the minimum and maximum processor speeds in the class.

Determine your hard drive size.How much memory do you have?What is cache?

Processor Min Speed Max Speed

How much is a byte?

Abbr # Bytes Where measure used

Bit b 1/8th

Byte B 1 1 character

Kilobyte KB 210 = 1024~ thousand

1. Text file Size 2. Small image3.

Megabyte MB 220

~ million

1. CD – 700 MB2.3.

Gigabyte GB 230

~ billion

1.2.

7 min of HD-TV video (1GB)

Terabyte TB 240 ~ trillion 1.

Petabyte(Quadrillion)

PB 250 bytes1,024 TB

Supercomputer hard disk size13.3 yrs HD-TV video (1PB)

Exa, Zetta, Yottabyte

Memory Types (notes)Volatile

◦RAM◦?

Non-Volatile◦ROM◦PROM◦Flash

Software Types (Definitions from Notes)

Desktop and Notebook Operating Systems Name some operating systems

◦ Microsoft Windows◦ MAC OS X Mountain Lion◦ UNIX◦ Linux

MAC OS Linux

Freeware and SharewareComplete matching on Notes

Freeware: Copyrighted software you can get free Beta versions: still under development Shareware: allows users to run it for a limited time free of

charge Open source: free to use

Productivity and Business Software:

Database SoftwareStore and organize dataFields > Records>Tables

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

File Management1. The OS helps you organize files

2. Hierarchical structure

3. Understand the parts and functions of a file path name


File Management: Organizing Your Files

FileFolderLibrary


File Management: Naming Files

File name Extension, or file type

Cloud ComputingOn Demand Computing

◦Software◦Hardware

VM

VM

VM

VM

Cloud

VM

VM

VM

VM

VM

VM

Go To


End User License Agreement (EULA)

States the following:◦Ultimate owner of

software◦Whether copies can

be made◦Number of installations allowed◦Warranties

Managing Your Software:

Software Licenses


Single LicenseMultiuser licenses might be availableOpen source softwareFree software license

◦GNU◦Copyleft


Software Licenses


Managing Your Software:Getting the Right Software for Your System

Software programs have sets of

system requirements

Upgrade

Update

Backward-compatible



Installing and Uninstalling Software

DVD or downloading from the Internet

Full installationCustom installation


Managing Your Software:Installing and Uninstalling Software

Recovering from a computer crash◦Create a system repair disc ◦Recovery utility

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/bp/bp_evans_soundbytes_2/docs/bin/main.html




Data compressionA means of reducing the amount

of space or bandwidth needed to store or transmit a block of data.◦lossless compression

No bits are lost

◦lossy compression Some bits are lost

Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country.

Space required: 63+16 = 80 bytes Assign codes

1 Ask 6 can 2 not 7 do 3 what 8 for 4 your 9 you 5 country A .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 1 3 9 6 7 8 4 5 A Space required: 19+19 = 38 bytes

The larger the message, the more the redundancy, the better the compression.

Another example of compression based on run-length

Replace repeats or runs of the same value with a count of the value followed by the value.

1112222223346666333333 316223144663

Summary

7 Computer configuration 9 Byte measures7 Memory types and uses7 System and application software 7 Storage types and capacities9 Data compression

What is the difference between application software and system software?

Review

7 Compare generations of computer history

7 1st: computer programmer, build a computer

7 History of computers: before 1950, and PC’s

9 Computer’s method of data representation

9 Discern encoding schemes & number systems

7 Define w/ex: ports, expansion boards, drives.

7 Common configurations: processor speed, memory capacity, storage capacity

7 What is the motherboard and its components

Review

7 What is cache memory

7 Memory types?

7 System versus application software and examples.

7 Magnetic versus optical media. Examples.

7 Identify storage capacity of common storage devices

7 Define mass storage

9 Recall common byte measures

9 Explain Compression. Two types?

1. What is the single circuit board that enables information to flow between system components and on which the CPU and memory are mounted?

A. Circuit master B. Electronic bus C. Motherboard D. Masterboard

2. What term is used to describe memory that losses its data when the electrical current is turned off or interrupted?

A. Transient B. Volatile C. Rambus D. Cache

3. What is a type of PROM that is found on all new PCs, I/O devices, and storage devices and is easily altered by the user?

B. RIMM B. SIMM C. DIMM D. Flash

4. What is the only language that is understood by a computer?C. BASIC B. Assembly C. Machine D. Processor

5. MS Office is a type of ____________________ software6. MS Windows is a type of __________________ software7. Linux is a type of _________________ software8. Adobe Acrobat is a type of _________________ software

1. What units are used to measure the capacity of high-speed cache memory?

A. Kilobytes (KB) B. Megabytes (MB) C. Gigabytes (GB) D. Terabytes

2. What provides a direct link between the PC’s electrical bus and external peripheral devices?

A. Expansion board B. Cable C. Port D. Pipeline

3. The two types of electronic signals are __________ and __________.

4. An electrical __________ permits data flow between the various system components.

5. What decimal number is represented by the binary number 100001?

1. What electronic signals are continuous waveforms in which variations in frequency and amplitude can be used to represent information from sound and numerical data? A. Analog B. Hybrid C. Packet D. Digital

2. What electronic signals are described in two states?A. Analog B. Hybrid C. Packet D. Digital

3. In a digital signal, how is the on state expressed?A. True B. False C. Zero D. One

4. In a digital signal, how is the off state expressed?A. True B. False C. Zero D. One

5. Which encoding system is used to represent 128 different characters? A. ASCII B. ANSI C. Unicode D. None of these is correct.

6. Which of the following is a 16-bit encoding system that will enable computers and applications to talk to one another more easily and handles most languages of the world?

A. ASCII B. ANSI C. Unicode D. None of these is correct

7. Which numbering system is used as shorthand to display the binary contents of RAM and disk storage?

A. Binary (base-2) B. Octal (base-8) C. Decimal (base-10)

D. Hexadecimal (base-16)

Documents

Identify these Components Motherboard holds the CPU and memory CPU - central processing unit the brains of the system Ports sockets that peripheral