Identify the categories of application software

Identify the categories of application software

Explain ways software is distributedExplain ways software is distributed

Explain how to work with application software

Explain how to work with application software

Identify the key features of widely used business programs

Identify the key features of widely used business programs

Describe the function of severalstand-alone utility programs

Describe the function of severalstand-alone utility programs

Identify characteristics of various personal computer processors on the market today

Identify characteristics of various personal computer processors on the market today

Differentiate among the varioustypes of memory

Differentiate among the varioustypes of memory

Hardware and Software

Slides adapted from: Shelly, Cashman & Vermaat, “Discovering Computers: A Gateway To Information 2006”, Thomson Course Technology, Ch 3, 4 & 7, 2006

ProcessorWhat is the system clock?

Next

Each tick Each tick is a is a

clock cycleclock cycle

Pace of system Pace of system clock is clock is clock speedclock speed

Most clock speeds are Most clock speeds are in the gigahertz (GHz) in the gigahertz (GHz)

range (1 GHz = one range (1 GHz = one billion ticks of system billion ticks of system

clock per second)clock per second)

Processor speed can Processor speed can also be measured in also be measured in

mmillions of illions of iinstructions nstructions pper er ssecond econd (MIPS)(MIPS)

Controls timing of all computer operations Generates regular electronic pulses, or ticks, that set

operating pace of components of system unit

ProcessorWhich processor should you select?

Next

The faster the processor, the more expensive the computer

Celeron

Itanium or Xeon

Pentium family

1.3 GHz and up

3.0 GHz and up

2.4 GHz to 3.0 GHz

Up to 2.4 GHz

2.2 GHz and up

Intel Processor Desired Clock Speed

ProcessorWhat are the guidelines for selecting a processor?

Next

Memory

How is memory measured?

Next

Term Abbreviation Approximate Size

Kilobyte KB or K 1 thousand bytes

Megabyte MB 1 million bytes

Gigabyte GB 1 billion bytes

Terabyte TB 1 trillion bytes

By number of bytes available for storage

Memory

Next

The more RAM a The more RAM a computer has, the computer has, the faster it respondsfaster it responds

Also called Also called main memory main memory

or primary or primary storagestorage

Most RAM is Most RAM is volatilevolatile, it is lost , it is lost when computer’s when computer’s

power is power is turned offturned off

Memory chips that can be Memory chips that can be read from and written read from and written

to by processorto by processor

What is random access memory (RAM)?

MemoryHow much RAM do you need?

Next

Depends on type of applications you intend to runon your computer

RAM

Use

256 MB to 1 GB 512 MB to 1 GB 2 GB and up

• Home and business

users managing

personal finance• Using standard

application software

such as word processing• Using educational

or entertainment

CD-ROMs• Communicating with

others on the Web

• Users requiring more advanced

multimedia capabilities• Running number-intensive

accounting, financial, or

spreadsheet programs• Using voice recognition• Working with videos, music, and

digital imaging• Creating Web sites• Participating in video conferences• Playing Internet games

• Power users creating

professional Web sites• Running sophisticated

CAD, 3D design, or

other graphics-intensive

software

StorageWhat is storage?

Next

Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage medium is physical material used for storage

Also called secondary storage

StorageWhat is capacity?

Next

Kilobyte (KB) 1 thousand

Megabyte (MB) 1 million

Gigabyte (GB) 1 billion

Terabyte (TB) 1 trillion

Petabyte (PB) 1 quadrillion

Number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold

Exabyte (EB) 1 quintillion

Zettabyte (ZB) 1 sextillion

Yottabyte (YB) 1 septillion

Storage Medium(floppy disks, Zip disks,

hard disks, CDs)

StorageHow does volatility compare?

Next

No

nvo

lati

le

Storage medium is nonvolatile—contents retained when power is off

Contents Contents retainedretained

Contents Contents available to useravailable to user

Memory(most RAM)

(chips on motherboard)

Screen Display

ON OFF

Vo

lati

le Display Display disappearsdisappears

Data andData andinstructions instructions

available to useravailable to user

Display Display appearsappears

Data and Data and instructions erasedinstructions erased

Memory is volatile—holds data and instructions temporarily

StorageWhat is access time?

Time it takes storage device to locate item on storage medium

Floppy Disk Small files to be transported

Secondary Storage

Primary Storage

Hard Disk

Flash Memory Cards and USB Flash Drives

CDs and DVDs

Tape

Items waiting to be interpretedand executed by the processor

Operating system, applicationsoftware, user data and information

Digital pictures or files to be transported

Software, backups, movies, music

Backups

Memory (most RAM)

Stores …

Next

Time required to deliver item from memory to processor

fastertransfer

rates

slowertransfer

rates

Mobile Computers and Devices

What is a mobile computer?

Next

Notebook, weighing between 2.5 and 8 pounds, or mobile device such as a PDA

Putting It All TogetherWhat are suggested processor, clock speed, and RAM requirements based on the needs of various types of users?

Next

Putting It All Together

What are recommended storage devices for home users?

Next

Home

80 GB hard disk Online storage CD or DVD drive Card reader/writer USB flash drive and/or 3.5-inch

floppy disk drive

Putting It All Together

What are recommended storage devices for small office/home office (SOHO) users?

Next

750 MB Zip drive 120 GB hard disk Online storage CD or DVD drive External hard drive for backup USB flash drive and/or 3.5-inch

floppy disk driveSmall Office/Home Office (SOHO)

Putting It All Together

What are recommended storage devices for mobile users?

Next

80 GB hard disk Online storage CD or DVD drive Card reader/writer Portable hard disk for backup USB flash drive, and/or 2 GB PC Card hard

disk, and/or 3.5-inch floppy disk driveMobile

Putting It All Together

What are recommended storage devices for power users?

Next

CD or DVD drive 300 GB hard disk Online storage Portable hard disk for backup USB flash drive and/or 3.5-inch floppy

disk drivePower

Putting It All Together

What are recommended storage devices for large business users?

p. 380 Fig. 7-38 Next

Desktop computer160 GB hard diskCD or DVD driveSmart card readerTape driveUSB flash drive and/or 3.5-inch floppy disk drive

Server or MainframeNetwork storage server40 TB hard disk systemCD-ROM or DVD-ROM serverMicrofilm or microfiche

Large Business

Application SoftwareWhat is application software? Programs designed to make users more productive

Next

Application SoftwareHow is software distributed?

Packaged software, mass-produced Custom software, performs functions specific to

a business or industry Open source software, provided for use,

modification, and redistribution Shareware, distributed free for trial period Freeware, copyrighted software provided at no

cost Public-domain software, freeware with no

copyright restrictionsNext

Business SoftwareWhat is business software?

Next

Software that assists people in becoming more effective and efficient

Business SoftwareWhat is word processing software?

Next

Allows users to create and manipulate text and graphics Clip art is a collection

of graphics that you caninsert indocuments

= SUM (C12:Y12)

Business Software

= A1+B2 (*C12) = D1+E2 (*F12)

What is spreadsheet software?

Next

Organizes data Performs calculations and

recalculates when data changes

Business SoftwareHow is a spreadsheet organized?

Next

Columns identified by letters Rows identified by numbers A cell is the intersection of a

column and row

Business Software

What is a function?

Next

A predefined formula that performs common calculations=C4+C5+C6+C7+C8

=SUM(C4:C8)

Business SoftwareWhat is charting?

Next

Allows you to display spreadsheet data in graphical form

Business Software

What is database software?

Allows you to create and manage data

Add, change, delete, sort, and retrieve data

Next

Business SoftwareWhat are the parts of a database?

Next

A table contains records A record is a row in a

table that contains information about a given person, product, or event

A field is a column in a table that contains a specific piece of information within a record

Business Software

How do you extract information from a database?

Can be sent as a report to the printer

Run queries to retrieve data

Next

Business Software

What is a software suite?

A collection of individualprograms sold asa single package

A collection of individualprograms sold asa single package

Two major advantages:Two major advantages:

lower cost ease of use

Next

Marketing Sales DistributionCustomerService

IT

Business Software

What is enterprise computing software?

Large organizations require special computing solutions

Each functional unit has specialized software requirements

Next

HumanResources

Accounting Engineering Manufacturing

Graphics and Multimedia Software

What are some popular graphics and multimedia software products?

Next

InstantInstantmessagingmessaging

NewsgroupsNewsgroupsFTPFTP

Application Software for Communications

What software facilitates communication?

VideoVideoconferencingconferencing

Chat roomsChat roomsWebWeb

browsersbrowsersE-mailE-mail

Next

Popular Stand-Alone Utility Programs

What are some widely used stand-alone utility programs?

Next

AntivirusProgram

SpywareRemover

InternetFilters

FileCompression

FileConversion

CD/DVDBurning

PCMaintenance

Application Software on the Web

What is a Web application?

Next

A software application that exists on a Web site, such as maps and directions Some Web applications

store your data and information at their site

Some are free