Icigwa ca 1: Umwumira n’impanuka zawo - Care Groups Info | …caregroupinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/201… · Web view · 2014-10-17Umwitwarariko ku bijanye n’ukwandura imigera

Umwitwarariko ku bijanye n’ukwandura imigera y’indwara ku

bana bakiri batoInteguro y’icigwa

Igitabu 5 ca 5

Umwitwarariko ku bijanye n’ukwandura imigera y’indwara ku bana bakiri bato

Ibirimwo:

Icigwa ca 1: Umwumira n’impanuka zawo.............................................................8Icigwa ca 2:Ugukinga umwumira ukoresheje ivyunyunyu...................................19Icigwa ca 3:Imfungurwa zikwiriye abana barwaye...............................................31Icigwa ca 4: Amacinya n’ugucibwamwo kw’urutavanako....................................41Icigwa ca 5: Gukinga umusonga..........................................................................53Icigwa ca 6: umurima urimwo ivyo guteka: Gutera inzuzi...................................65ivyigwa1-6 vy’imbere n’inyuma y’ibibazo............................................................77

Ivyigwa,udukuru n’ibikorwa ku vyerekeye imfungurwa za nkenerwa,Isuku,n’ukwitabwaho ku bana bakiri bato mu nteguro y’icigwa iza yunganira ibimenyeshwa ku vyerekeye Imfungurwa za nkenerwa,isuku be no kwitaho abana bakiri bato biri ku gicapo c’umuremeshakiyago.

Gutahura Integuro y’Ivyigwa

Icigwa cose gitangurira ku ntumbero. Izo nazo zikaba ari intumbero zijanye n’inyifato, ubumenyi n’ivyizerwa biba bishikirizwa muri ico cigwa. Ni mwitwararike kuraba ko imwe yose muri izo ntumbero ishizweko akatuzo muri uwo mwanya w’icigwa. Hariho ubwoko bune bw’intumbero. Kandi imwe yose muri zo yaradondowe aho musi.

Intumbero zijanye n’inyifato: Intumbero nyinshi ni intumbero zijanye n’inyifato zanditswe nk’amajambo yo kwiyemeza igikorwa. Ivyo ni ivyokorwa vyitezwe ko umujejwe kubungabunga umwana yokurikiza yishimikije ubutumwa nyamukuru bwashikirijwe gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

Intumbero z’ubumenyi: Nk’akarorero, twifuza ko abavyeyi boshobora gutondagura ibimenyetso vyo kugeramirwa hamwe n’inzira zitanu z’ukuntu imigera itera gucibwamwo ihererekanywa. Ivyo ni ibintu abajejwe kubungabunga abana bategerezwa gufata ku mutwe muri uwo mwanya w’icigwa, bagakoresha amasanamu mu kwiyibutsa.

Intumbero z’ivyizerwa: Turazi ko ivyizerwa n’inyifato bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa vyacu. Kenshi wama usanga ivyizerwa bitari vyo vy’umuntu canke ingene asanzwe abona ibibazo vy’ubuzima n’isi ari vyo bibabuza gushikira ihinduka ryogira akamaro k’amagara meza.

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Intumbero z’Ibituma vy’Inyifato: Intumbero z’ibituma vy’inyifato ni imvo zituma abantu bagendera (canke batagendera) mu nyifato ivuzwe. Hariho ibituma vy’inyifato munani bishoboka nk’uko vyashizwe ahabona mu vyigwa vy’umwihwezo w’intambamvyi vyakorewe muri buri ntara. Ivyo vyigwa birerekana ibituma bihambaye gusumba ibindi kuri buri nyifato.1 Mu gushimikira ku bituma vyafashije abakora (ni ukuvuga abajejwe kwitwararika abana ku mutumba basanzwe bagendera muri iyo nyifato nshasha) turashobora guhimiriza abadakora (abajejwe kwitwararika abana batagendera muri izo nyifato nshasha) ngo batsinde inzitizi zabaujije kugerageza canke gushishikara iyo ngendo muri kahise.

Musi y’izo ntumbero, ibikoresho vyose bikenewe muri ico cigwa vyashizwe ku rutonde. Uwurongoye icigwa akwiye kwitwararika kuzana ibikoresho vyose bikenerwa muri ico cigwa. Mu cigwa kigira gatanu, twinjijemwo iciyumviro c’Umurongozi w’Igikorwa azoshira umwitwarariko ku bikoresho bizokenerwa mu Rutonde rw’Ivyigwa rugira kabiri. Mworaba ngaho musi kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi.

Umwimenyerezo wose (igice c’integuro y’icigwa) werekanwa n’agasanamu gato. Ayo masanamu akoreshwa mu kwibutsa Abakenyezi Ndongozi batazi gusoma urukurikirane rw’ibiza gukorwa mu cigwa. Nk’akarorero, ni hagera ko abarongora mu gukina agakino, integuro y’icigwa yerekana isanamu y’umuntu atwenze aboneka nk’uwuryohewe n’ako gakino (raba aho musi). Amasanamu yo mu nteguro y’icigwa afasha Abakenyezi Ndongozi kumenya igikorwa baza gukurikizako. Ni mwihweze ivyadondowe ngaho musi kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi gusumba.

Igikorwa ca mbere muri buri cigwa ni agakino. Utwo dukino tugafasha abitavye gutwenga, kuja mu kamwemwe no kwitegurira igikorwa. Hariho udukino tumwe tumwe dusubiramwo kwihweza inyigisho nyamukuru abitavye bamaze kwiga. Utundi dukino tugashira imbere intumbero z’ivyizerwa. Mwitwararike kuraba ko bose bakina muri ako gakino.

1See http://barrieranalysis.fhi.net for more information.

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http://barrieranalysis.fhi.net/

Inyuma y’agakino haca hakurikira igice co guhamagara amazina no Gutora umuti w’ingorane. Abarongozi b’ivyigwa bose bazohamagara amazina y’abitavye. Ibibazo vyo gutorera umuti vyerekeye gusa abarongoye ivyigwa (Abakanguzi) basanzwe bajejwe kwigisha abandi.2 Umukanguzi ni we akurikirana ingorane izo ari zo zose Abakenyezi Ndongozi bagize mu kwigisha ivyigwa vyatambutse. Ni murabe ivyo gukina wishira mu kibanza c’umuntu biri mu cigwa ca 4 (c’Agatabo ka 1) kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi.

Ivyo biheze uwo arongoye icigwa aca yugurura igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho kw’isanamu ya mbere y’icigwa. Agaheza agasoma n’inkuru yanditse inyuma y’urupapuro rw’isanamu, yongerezako ibindi vy’ido n’ido n’ibindi vyo kudondora nk’uko biba bikenewe.

Inkuru iboneka muri buri cigwa ikurikirwa n’ibibazo vyo guharirako. Ivyo bibazo bigafasha uwo arongoye icigwa kumenya ingiro y’ababungabunga abana muri ico gihe (nk’uko iba ijanye n’ico cigwa). Ico gice cashiriweho guhanahana ivyiyumviro, si ico kwigisha. Witwararike guha umuntu wese akaryo ko gushikiriza iryo agona.

Isanamu igira kabiri, n’iya gatatu hamwe n’iya kane muri buri cigwa ni ayo kwigishirizako intumbero nyamukuru y’icigwa. Mumaze gusanzurura ku rupapuro rugira kabiri rw’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho baza uti “mubona iki muri iyi sanamu?” Abahari ni bishure kandi badondore ico biyumvira ko ayo masanamu yo mu Gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho abashikiriza.

Hanyuma uce usigura inyigisho iri muri ayo majambo yanditse inyuma y’isanamu mfashanyigisho. Na none kandi incamake y’izo nyigisho yerekanwa mu ryungane rigufi ridondora ibiri mw’isanamu mfashanyigisho riba ryanditse kuri urwo rupapuro ruriko ico gicapo. Mwitwararike gusigura buri gicapo mukoresheje ayandi mungane atondetse inyuma y’igicapo (canke mu nteguro y’icigwa). Integuro y’icigwa isanzwe irimwo ibindi vyiyumviro vyongeweko vyo gufasha uwigisha. Kandi ivyo vyiyumviro vyongeweko ntibikenewe ko vyozanwa ngo biyagweko mu cigwa.

2Mu nteguro ya Tubaramure,abakozi bahembwa bitwa imboneza. Igikorwa c’imboneza ni ukumenyereza abavyeyi b’abaremeshakiyago kworohereza inyigisho ku babanyi babo. Ku myimenyerezo mikeyi berekanye aho hejuru hari imboneza gusa kandi ntibashaka gukoreshwa n’imboneza mu baremeshakiyago mu gihe bariko barasangira n’ababanyi.

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Inyuma y’isanamu mfashanyigisho igira kane y’icigwa, hakurikira igikorwa. Ivyo bikorwa ni imyimenyerezo “yo gukora” ifasha abitavye gutahura no gushira mu ngiro ivyo bize. Vyinshi muri ivyo bikorwa bikenera ibikoresho binaka n’imyiteguro itomoye.

Guhera mu rutonde rw’ivyigwa rugira 2, uwurongora ico gikorwa ajejwe gutegura ibikoresho biza gukenerwa mu Gakorwa kajanye n’ico Cigwa. Umurongozi w’Igikorwa mu Rutonde rw’ivyigwa rugira kabiri atorwa mu Cigwa ca 5 ((c’Agatabo ka 1).Umurongozi w’Igikorwa abanza kubonana n’uwurongora ivyigwa mu minota cumi imbere ya buri cigwa kugira ngo bavugane ku bikoresho bizokenerwa mu gikorwa kijanye n’icigwa kizokurikira. Uwo azezwa ico gikorwa ni we afise uruhara rwo kuvugana n’abandi (Abakenyezi Ndongozi canke ababanyi) muri wa mwanya wo “guhamagara amazina no gutora umuti w’ingorane” kugira ngo atunganye ikibazo c’ibikoresho bizokenerwa mu nama izokurikira, akabasaba ko bokwitanga bakazozana ivyi bikoresho bikenewe. Uwurongoye ivyigwa ni we azobarongora muri ico gikorwa, ariko uwo yajejwe ibikorwa nawe akazoza aramushigikira mu gutegekanya abitanga no mu gufasha uwurongoye ivyigwa nk’uko biba bikenewe muri ako kanya k’igikorwa.

Mu gice kijanye n’ijambo probe risigura ngo tohoza Uwurongoye ivyigwa arabaza ko hoba hariho intambamyi zobuza abajejwe abana kugerageza izo ngendo nshasha. Baraheza bakayaga kuri izo ntambamyi hanyuma bagaca batandukira igice gikurikira.

Uwurongoye ivyigwa araheza akamenyesha abajejwe kwitwararika abana uburyo bokoresha mu gutora umuti w’ingorane zashikirijwe. Uwo Arongoye ivigwa akabashikiriza kandi ibindi vyiyumviro canke ubundi buryo bwo kubona ibintu bwofasha abo bajejwe abana gutahura ingene boshishikara batera imbere.

Haca hakurikira Kwimenyereza no Kumenyereza. Iki gice ni nkenerwa mu kwigisha Abakenyezi Ndongozi. Dushaka kumenya neza ko batahuye ivyo bazokwigisha kandi ko bashoboye kubishikiriza abandi neza. Muri ico gikorwa co mu mugwi muto, Umukanguzi arashobora gukurikiranira hafi kandi akaza arakosora abagifise ingorane.

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Uwujejwe ivyigwa asaba Umukeknyezi Ndongozi (canke abajejwe kwitwararika abana) kwiyemeza ko agiye gutangura kugendera mu ngendo nshasha bamaze kwiga. Ivyo iyo bavyemeye, abajejwe kwitwararika abana bakwiye kuvyatura mu majambo bivugiye. Abo bajejwe kwitwararika abana nibo bategerezwa kwihitiramwo. Nta n’umwe akwiye kubagoberera kwiyemeza ikintu mu gihe bacumva ko batiteguye.

Igice ca nyuma ni co Uwujejwe ivyigwa agenzura ibikorwa vy’Abakenyezi Ndongozi (canke vy’abajejwe kwitwararika abana) yishimikije inyigisho bakuye mu cigwa giherutse. Uwujejwe ivyigwa akabahimiriza ngo bagerageze izo ngendo nshasha batari bwashikeko.

Ivyigwa vyose bikurikiza urwo rutonde rushikirijwe aho hejuru. Ivyo vyigwa birashobora kuringanizwa neza iyo bikenewe kugira ngo bijane n’ivyo umugwi wawe wo kubabarana ukeneye. Ivyigwa ntibikwiye kumara umwanya urenga amasaha abiri naho bishobora gushika ivyigwa bimwe bimwe bigatwara igihe kirekire gusumba ibindi. Umwanya wogenerwa buri gice urerekanwa ngaho musi.

IIzina ry’igice Umwanya wokenerwa kuri ico gice

AgakinoGuhamagara amazina no Gutora umuti w’ingoraneInkuru hamwe na Gutohoza (Isanamu 1)Erekana kandi Usigure (Isanamu 2)Erekana kandi Usigure (Isanamu 3)Erekana kandi Usigure (Isanamu 4)IgikorwaTohozaMenyeshaKwimenyereza no KumenyerezaSabaKwihweza

iminota 10iminota 5- 15iminota 10iminota 5iminota 55 iminotaiminota 15iminota 10iminota 5iminota 20iminota 2iminota 15Isaha 2

GukengurukaHanold, Mitzi J. (2011) Management of Childhood Infections Mother Leader Flipchart. Washington DC. Food for the Hungry (FH), yashoboye gutunganywa ku bw’ubufasha bwatanzwe n’Ibiro vya Food for Peace, Ibiro vya Demokrasi, Intambara, n’Imfashanyo yo Gufasha Imbabare, hamwe kandi n’Ishirahamwe rya Leta Zumwe Ubumwe za Amerika ry’Iterambere kw’isi yose mu masezerano AID-

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FFP-09-00004-00. Ivyiyumviro vyashikirijwe ngaha ni ivy’umwanditsi kandi si ukuvuga ko bitegerezwa guserura iciyumviro c’iryo Shirahamwe rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ry’Iterambere kw’Isi Yose.

Turakengurukiye cane abaducapiye Octávio Consalves and Gatobo Edgar. Ababitosoye nabo barimwo Carolyn Wetzel (FH), Dr. Dieudonne Bikorimana (FH), Megan Parker (IFPRI), Dr Ntiranyibagira Jeanne d’Arc, Nihoreho Rgine Pacis(CRS),Dr Issumbishi Mazimbie, Gerard Mbonimpaye (IMC), Raphael Niyongabo (Caritas), Remegi Ndeberi na Mbisamakoro Bernard (IEC – Minisante), Elie Ningabire (PRONIANUT). Hamwe mwoba mufise ibibazo canke ico mushikiriza, mwoshikira umwanditsi kuri [email protected].

Resources used in the development of this module: USAID, UNICEF, WHO. Diarrhoea Treatment Guidelines for Clinic-Based

Healthcare Workers. MOST; 2005. The Treatment of Diarrhoea: A Manual for Physicians and Other Senior

Health Workers. WHO; 2005. Available: http://www.who.int/child_adolescent_health/documents/.

The clinic pictures on pages 11, 31, 35 and 39 are used by permission from the MOH of the Democratic Republic of Congo developed with support from UNICEF.

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mailto:[email protected]

Icigwa ca 1: Umwumira n’impanuka zawo

Abagiraneza babwirizwa kumenya ibituma bitatu vy’indwara zituma hatakara amazi nk’ugucibwamwo,ukudahwa n’inyonko.

Iyo caregivers babonye umwana wabo ata amazi menshi kubera indwara,bakwiye guha umwana wabo ivyo kunywa kugira basubirize amazi yatakaye.

Caregiversbaca batwara umwana n’ingoga kwa muganga iyo babonye ibimenyetso bifadika vy’umwumira:

o Umubiri iyo ukwedutse usubira kumera uko wahora bukebuke o Amaso araba nk’ayarusheo Mu ruhanga ku bana hararengerwa (Uduhere turemvye mu ruhanga)o Uguhemagirika Fast, deep breathingo Kutagononokerwa,kwisinzirirako canke gusambagirika

Caregivers will believe that when a child loses too much water it can quickly result in dehydration, malnutrition and death (increased perceived severity).3

Ibikorseho:1. Igitabu co kwandikamwo abitavye igikorwa 2. Igicapo c’umuremeshakiyago 3. Akamwanya* 4. Igikombe n’ibesani vy’amazi*

Incamake: Agakino: abantu ku bandi Ugutonda no gukiranura Erekana agakino muce muce mubaza ibikorwa vyihutirwa:Igihe Mvuyekure

yahakwa gupfa Erekana amasanamu muca muganira ku vyerekeye ubutumwa buri ku gicapo

ku mpapuro kuva kurwa 6-11: umwumira n’ugutakaza amzi,Gutakaza amazi birica be n’impanuka ziterwa n’umwumira.

Igikorwa:Ukwerekana ivyo gukama amazi Ugutohoza ku nzitizi zose zishoboka Kubamenyesha ku nyishu zose zishoboka kuri izo nzitizi Ugushira mu ngiro no kufasha muri babiri

3Perceived severity is a behavioral determinant in barrier analysis. Use this lesson and discussion questions to increase the understanding of the severity of dehydration for children. For more information, seewww.barrieranalysis.com.

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http://www.barrieranalysis.com/

Gusabaicemezo Gupima ivyemezo wisunze icigwa giheruka

1. Agakino: Abantu ku bandi- iminota 10

1. Saba umugore wese gutora mugenziwe kandi ace ahagarara inyuma yiwe. 2. Sigura ko umuyobozi azosaba ibikorwa vyakozwe kandi uwo murwi w’abantu

babiri utegerezwa gukora kuri ivyo bihimba bibiri vy’umubiri rimwe. 3. Nk’akarorero, mu gihe umurongozi, “umugongo ku mugongo”Umuntu na

mugenziwe baca bahagarara begamiranye. Umurongozi avuze ati, “Ifyinga kw’ifyinga”Umwe wese na mugenziwe baca bahagararana amfyinga akoranyeko. Mu gihe abarongozi bavuze ngo , “amavi ku yandi, umuntu wese abwirizwa guhagarara afatinije amavi na mugenziwe. Ariko,mu gihe abarongozi bavuze ngo,“abantu ku bandi,” umwe wese aca arondera mugenziwe mushasha.

4. Gutanga amategeko menshi ukoresheje ibihimba vy’umubiri. 5. Bandanya utanga amategeko mashasha ukoresheje ibihimba vy’umubiri

kugeza aho abagore batangura gutwenga no kujajura.

Ubu twumva dufise inguvu ,reka dutangure icigwa cacu.

2. Guhamagara Amazina no Gushikiriza Umuti w’Ibibazo

1. Umu Promoteur akwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’umu Mère Leader wese nk’ukovyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu Cigwa ca Kane (Module 1).

2. Umu Promoteur akabaza ko hariho umu Mère Leader yoba yaragize ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Umu Promoteur akaronderera hamwe n’abo bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, akabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi agasaba impanuro abandi ba Mères Leaders bari ngaho.

3. Umu Promoteur akabaza abavyeyi bapfuye,abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi nshasha muri iyo migwi y’ababanyi. Umu promoteur akandika ku rupapuro rwo guhamagarirako amazina ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.

4. Umu Promoteur agaheza agashimira abo bagore bose ku mwete berekana mu gikorwa kandi akabahimiriza ngo bashishikare.

Inkuru: Umusi Mvuyekure yahakwa gupfa (isanamu 1.1) – iminota10

3. Inkuru

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Soma iyo nkuru iri ku rupapuro rwa 4 rwo ku gicapo.

Ubu ni igihe co kwimbura. Barumwete yasigaranye Mvuyekure umukobwa akiri muto babana ku muryango ukwirikira. “Ndagusavye undabire Mvuyekure gushika ku mugoroba. Asanzwe aracibwamwo ariko ndibaza ko biza guhera vuba.” Barumweteagaritse,ntiyabaye acibuka umwana wiwe! “Mbega Mvuyekure yashikiwe n’ibiki?” arabaza. “Yiriwe aracibwamwo umusi wose,”Wa mukobwa arishura. “Yanse gufungura nca ndamurindira ko atora mitende.” “Oh Mvuyekure,” Barumwete aravuga,Urakankabiranye kandi urumye nk’umuntu ashaje!Ntegerezwa kuronka uwumfasha ubu nyene!”

4. Gutohoza Soma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 4 ruri ku gicapo. Baza ikibazo ca mbere kugira wumve ivyipfuzo vy’abakenyezi ku vyerekeye

ku vyashikiye umwana. o Twizeye ko abagore bishura uku:umwana yataye amazi menshi

kubera gucibwamwo .umwana yagize umwumira. o Uyo mukobwa ntiyamugaburiye canke ngo amuhe amazi umusi

wose. Kubaza ikibazo ca nyuma ku vyerekeye ugukara kw’indwara. Kwegeranya

ivyipfuzo vy’abakenyezi ku vyerekeye ugucibwamwo n’umwumira. o Ego, Mvuyekure ubu ararwaye cane. Umubiri wiwe wataye amzi

menshi cane. Atavuwe n’ingoga,arashobora gupfa. o Abana bato barihitanwa cane no gucibwamwo no kudahwa mu gihe

ata vyo kunywa bitanzwe kugira basubirize amazi yakamye. Himiriza ikiyago. Nturondere gukosora “inyishu zitari zo”. Reka umwe

wese atange iciyumviro ciwe. Iyi paje ni iy’ikiyago, si iy’inyigisho. Abari ngaho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku rupapuro

rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho, uvuge uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’ubutumwa buri kuri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

? Mvuyekure yashikiwe n’ibiki? Kubera iki?? Mwibaza ko iyi ndwara ikaze rwose canke ko umwana

ashobora gukira n’ingoga? Kubera iki bishoboka canke bidashoboka?

Umwumira no gukama amazi (isanamu 1.2) – iminota 5

5. Erekana: Baza abagiraneza kudondora ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku rupapuro rw’

7.

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? Ni ibiki mubona muri aya masanamu?

6. Sigura: Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 6 na 7 z’igitabo

c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse

isanamu ijana na buri ngingo.

Umwana acibwamwo arakama amazi.Urukoba n’umubiri vyiwe bitangura gukankabirana akaruhira gupfa.

o Umwana yatakaje amazi menshi nta mosozi agira.o Ararira ariko nta tuzi na dukeya ubona mu mosozi.o Acibwamwo utuntu duke kubera ata mazi aba agifise mu mubiri

wiwe.o Umubiri wiwe urakankabagirika ukongera ukuma.o Amagufa n’imitsi vyiwe usanga biri ku musozi.o Amaso yiwe usanga yijiriwe.

Nk’igiti kitagira amazi,umubiri uguma uta inguvu bukebuke.Mu gihe ata gikozwe kugira ngo amazi yatakaye asubirizwe,umwana ,nka kurya kw’igiti kiri mu bugaragwa,arapfa.o Iki giti nticigeze kironka amazi na makeyi.o Kirata amababi.o Umutumba urata inguvu zawo.o Amazi y’igiterwa arakama.o Igiti gica gipfa.

? Ibindi bintu ,kiretse ugucibwamwo bitera ,ni ibihe bindi bituma vyoruma umwana akama amazi?o kudahwao Kubera icuya kubera izuba rikazeo Kubira indugumba kubera inyonko

Ibindi vyo kumenyeshwa uwigaugucibwamwo Ku bana bonka bonyene usanga bacibwamwo ibintu bimeze nk’amaziukwo si

ugucibwamwo.Ariko,Iyo umwana yonka acibwamwo ibintu bitagumye aba ari ugucibwamwo.

Kwamamaza

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Ugucibwamwo kurakarira cane abana kuva ku mezi 6 gushika ku myaka 2.Kurakarira n’abana bari munsi y’amezi 6 banywa canke bagafungura ibindi atari amaberebere.

Ugutakaza amazi birica (isanamu 1.3) – iminota 5

7. Erekana: Kubaza abagiraneza ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku rupapuro rw’9.





Umwana yaronse ivyo kunywa kugira asubirize amazi yatakaye mu gucibwamwo canke kudahwa akira n’ingoga.o Uyu muvyeyi arazi ko amazi ari isoko ry’ubuzima.o Aha umwana wiwe amazi kugira agume ari muzima.o Igihe cose umwana wiwe acibwamwo canke adahwa,aca

yongrereza ivyo kunywa amuha.o Nytarindira ko atakaza amazi menshi.

Umwana iyo ataronse ivyo kunywa kugira ngo asubirize amazi yatakaye arashobora kwicwa n’inyota.o Abavyeyi bamwe bararindira ngo ugucibwamwo kwo nyene

kwiheze.o Barindira cane ku buryo umubiri uba atacitora.o Umwana atanguye gukama amzi kuva mu gatondo ashobora

gushika ku mugoroba yapfuye.

? Ni iyihe ndwara yishe uyu mwana?o Uyu mwana yapfuye kubera ata mazi yaronse.o Yapfuye kubera abavyeyi biwe batatahuye akamaro k’amazi mu

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mu mubiri.

Ayandi makuruUrugero rw’abana bapfa Abana barakarirwa cane n’ugucibwamwo kurusha abakuze kubera kubera

bakama amazi n’ingoga.Imwe ku majana abiri(1/200) nibo bahitanwa n’ugucibwamwo.

Ibitera gucibwamwo Ugucibwamwo guterwa kenshi n’isuku rike. Ni igukaraba imbere yogufungura

canke imbere yo gutegura imfungurwa no mu gihe uvuye mu kazu ka surwumwe canke mu gihe uhejeje gutegura umwana kuko ivyo birafasha cane kugabanya ugucibwamwo ku bana bakiri bato.

Ibitigiri vy’urufatiro – Ugukinga gucibwamwo Igihe babaza ingene bokinga ugucibwamwo,abagore babajijwe bishuye ibi

bikwirikira: «Gutegura no gukingira ibifungurwa n’isuku ryinshi »vyishuwe na 67%, «Gukaraba intoke n’isabuni »na 37%, «kurya neza »na 36% hanyuma «kubika neza amzi ahantu wizigiye » na 17%.4

Umwumira n’impanuka zawo (Isanamu 1.4) – iminota 5

9. Erekana: Kubaza abagiranezango badondore ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku

rupapuro rwa 11.





4Enquête de base 2010 du Programme Tubaramure – PM2A. BUJUMBURA, Juillet 2010. Page 58.

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Gutwara n’ingoga umwana kwa muganga mu gihe ubonye ko hari ibimenyetso vyerekana ko ariko arakama amazi.5

Ku mutwe wiwe hatibiye nko mu gikombe.o Ivyo bishikira abana bari munsi y’amezi 18 .

Amaso arahishira Kurira ata mosozi

Kutamererwa neza,kwisinzirirako no gusambagirika Ukweze umubiri uguma umeze kwa kundi hafi amasegonda abiri.

Amakuru aza yiyongera ku wuriko ariko arigishaUrukoba rukweduka Kugira upime ugukweguka kw’urukoba rwawe,ni umere nk’uwukwega

hanyuma uce urekura. Uca uraba ingene umubiri wawe wihuta nk’uko wari uri kare. Ubu naho kwega urukoba rwo ku nda y’umwana wawe hanyuma uce urekura. Mu gihe umubiri wikweze mu gusubira uko wari uri kare,ni ukuvuga ko umwana wawe yatewe n’umwumira.

Mu gihe umwana afungura nabi biboneka,umubiri w’umwana urashobora kwikwega mu gusubira uko wari uri n’aho atoba afise umwumira.

Umwumira Mu ntango z’umwumira, nta bimenyetso na bimwe ubona. Uko umwumira utera uduga n’ibimenyetso bikiyerekana,mu ntango ivyo

bimenyetso birangwa:n’inyota,kuruhuka kudahera,amaso atukuye,uruhorihori ruradidagizwa.

Ku mwumira ukaze,inkwirikizi zirakomera. Umwana ashobora guta ubwenge,agaharika gusoba,umubiri ugatimba hanyuma n’ugutembera kw’amaraso kukagenda bukebuke.urpfu ntiruteba gukwirikira mu gihe umwana atavuwe n’ingoga.

Ugucibwamwo no gufungura nabi Mu gihe umwana asanzwe afungura nabi,ugucibwamwo kurashobora

kumuhitana vyoroshe. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ntushobora kubibona ku mwana arya nabi canke arwaye kwashi. Ariko,abo bana baguma bakaza inyota,baragoyagoya,bagira akantu ko gushuha,agatota ku maboko no ku maguru.

Uruhorihori rudidagizwa

Uruhorihori ni umubiri woroshe uri mu ruhanga rw’uruyoya.Ni ahantu amagufa yo mu gitwe ciwe aba atahuye neza ngo asokane.Mu bisanzwe bitwara hagati u’umwaka 1-2 kugira uruhorihori ruhere neza.

5USAID, UNICEF, WHO, p 19.

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11. Igikorwa: Ukwerekana ivy’umwumira6 – iminota 15

Kwgeranya ibikoresho vyose bikenewe imbere yo gutangura: Akamwanya gafise igitoboro gotoyi muns. Igikombe n’ibesani vy’amazi vyo kwuzuza ako kamwanya

1. Gusaba uwuvyipfuza ngo aze azibire ako gatoboro kari ku kamwanya kugira ntihagire amazi aseseka.

2. Gushira amazi mukamwanya kugeza aho kuzura kakongera kakavyimba.

3. Sigura: Aka kamwanyaKerekana umwana yonka kenshi ku musi kandi afise amazi menshi mu mubiri wiwe.Umbiri wiwe uruzuye kandi aravyibushe.

a. Iyo dukweze akamwanya,haca haba iki?b. Uca usubira uko wari uri kare.c. Nk’aka kamwanya igihe umubiri wawe ufise amazi akwiye,uca usubiri

kumera uko wari uri iyo bawukweze.

4. Bwira umuvyeyi wese akwege umubiri w’umwana wiwe n’intoke ace araba ingene umubiri usubirayo.Erkana ingene umubirir wiwe ususbirayo.

5. Ubu rero,saba uwubishaka arekure gatoya hamwe yari yazibiye ku kamwanya vyerekane ko umwana ariko aracibwamwo canke ariko aradahwa.usabe abandanye arekura haseseka amzi makemake mu misegonda mikeyi kugeza aho akamwanya kagabanuka kakongera kakituna

6. Mu gihe ariko arareka amzi ngo aseseke,sigura:d. Umwanya wose,umwana aguma asoba,hari amazi ariko arasohoka mu

mubiri wiwe.a. Iyo umwana ariko aradahwa,canke acibwamwo, amazi akama n’ingoga.b. Igihe umwana akamye amazi menshi kubera

gucibwamwokudahwa,kubira icuya canke kudahwa,arakankabirana akongera akonda nk’aka kamwanya.

c. Umubiri ntukweduka ngo usubire uko wari uri nk’igihe bawukwega. d. Igihe ivyo bishitse,umwana umwana aba ageramiwe cane. Umwana aba

akeneye gufashwa n’ingoga kuko ubuzima bwiwe buba bugeramiwe.

6These exercises have been adapted from Freedom from Hunger’s Diarrhea – Its Management and Prevention Facilitator’s Guide(2003).

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? Umwana yokingira bikabije gute umwana gukama amazi?o Kumuha ivyo kunywa bishobora gusubirira amazi aba yatakaye!

7. Gasaba uwubishaka ngo asubire azibire ka kamwanya amazi ntasubire guseseka. Uzuza akamwanya n’amazi mpaka gasubire kwuzura.

a. Mu kwikingira umwumira,igihe cose umwana atakaje amazi,dutegerezwa kuyasubiriza.

8. Kwishura inyishu.

12. Gucaca – iminota 10

? None ibi vyiyumviro muvyiyumvirako iki? Mbega hoba hariho ibintu vyoshobora kukubuza gukurikiza ingendo duhejeje kuyagako uyu musi?

Saba abo bavyeyi bayagishe umugore yicaye i ruhande yabo. Ni bavugane nawe amakenga yabo yose boba bafise ku cigwa. Bari hamwe bakwiye kugerageza gutora umuti w’ayo makenga n’izo ngorane. Imitota itanu iheze, uce usaba Abavyeyi Tubaramure bashikirize ivyo bayazeko.

13. Gutomora – iminota 5

Bafashe kuronka umuti w’amadidane yabo. Ni haba hari umugore yishuye neza impungenge z’uwundi mugore, ni umushimire kandi uhimirize abandi bagore ngo bazirikane umuti yashikirije.

14. Kwimenyereza no kumenyereza ─ iminota 20

1. Saba Abavyeyi Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu Gitabo

16

c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu Mugwi Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.

2. Bwira abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bumviriza izo nyigisho ko borondera ikintu batemera mu vyo bigishijwe; imvo imwe ituma babona ko iyo nyigisho yoba igoye kuri bo.

3. Abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bashikiriza izo nyigisho bakwiye kugerageza gufasha abo bagore gutsinda izo ntambamyi.

4. Iminota cumi iheze, usabe abo bagore kuguza ibibanza. Uwo wundi Muvyeyi Tubaramure nawe azoca atanga inyigisho ziri mu mpapuro zibiri z’iki cigwa zikurikira zo mu Gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

5. Umu Promoteri akwiye kwumviriza, agakosora, kandi agafasha Abavyeyi Tubaramure vyagoye.

6. Bose bahejeje, ace yishura ibibazo abo bavyeyi boba bafise ku bijanye n’ibikoresho, canke n’icigwa c’uyu musi.

15. Kwiyemeza ─ iminota 2

? Mbega uragomba gufata ingingo ijanye n’inyigisho vumvise uyu musi? None icemezo cawe ni ikihe?

Saba umuvyeyi wese avuge mu majambo yikuriye mu kanwa icemezo gishasha agiye gufata uyu musi. Umuvyeyi wese arashobora kwihitiramwo icemezo abona ko gihambaye gusumba ibindi kuri we.

Akarorero: Nzotwara umwana wanje kwa muganga igihe nzobona ibimenyetso

vy’umwumira. Nzoha ivyo kunywa umwana wanje igihe cose azoba acibwamwo kugira

ndamukingire ntakame amazi menshi. Nzosigurira ibimenyetso vyo gukama amazi ku bantu bose bitaho abana

banje.

16. Gusuzuma─ iminota 15

Baza abo bavyeyi umwe ku wundi ivyo biyemeje.

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? Ni ikihe cemezo wafshe muri iki cigwa? None wakigumije? ? Gute – uzokora iki?

o Hari umuntu n’umwe (umugabo,umunyokuru canke abana)yavyitayemwo canke ngo akubuze gukwirikiza ivyo vyemezo vyawe? Tera iyo nkuru y’ingene vyagenze?

o Ni ibihe bifasha (abantu,ibihe canke ibikorwa) mu buzima bwawe bigorana kurangura ivyo wiyemeje?

o Izo ngorane washoboye kuzitorera umuti gute?

Mu kurangiza baza umuvyeyi wese aria ho umwe ku wundi ivyo yaranguye mu ndwi zibiri ziheze:

Woba wakaravye intoke zawe imbere yo gutegura umusururu w’umwana wawe uno musi mu gatondo?

Wogeje gute ibikombe n’amasorori wakoresheje uno musi mu gatondo? Mbega ubu amasafuriya yo guteka n’ibindi bikoresho vyo guteka ubibika he? Urafise aho ukarabira n’aho wogereza amasahani mu nzu yawe?

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Icigwa ca 2:Ugukinga umwumira ukoresheje ivyunyunyu

Iyo umwana acibwamwo,abagiraneza bamuha igikombe c’agasabasaba c’ivyunyunyu cuzuye gushika ku karongo ka mbere kagize utuzingi,igihe cose umwana acibwamwo ibimeze nk’amazi.

o Kuvanga ipaki y’ivyunyunyu n’iritiro ry’amazi atetse canke amiminye.o Gushigisha kugeza aho ifu itakiboneka mu mazi.o Bishitse umwana akadahwa ivyo vyunyunyu ,womwongera ibindi ariko

ukamuha dukeduke ku kayiko. Abavyeyi bokwonsa cane abana bacibwamwo kuko harimwo ubifungurwa

n’ibinyobwa vy’ingirakamaro ku mwana. Abavyeyi boha amazi meza n’umutobe w’ivyamwa umwana kugira ashobore

gutora mitende. Abavyeyi boha abana ifi,inyama,amagi,irengarenga n’imboga za beet kugira

umwana aaronke inguvu yatoye mitende. Abavyeyi bobika mu mazu yabo ipaki y’ivyunyu yugaye neza yo

kwitegekanya mu gihe hosubira kuza izindi ndwara. Abavyeyi baca bizera yuko guha umwana ivyunyunyu igihe cose acibwamwo

bimukingira umwumira kandi bikamufasha gukira n’ingoga(akamaro k’ico gikorwa).7

ibikoresho:1. Ibitabu bandikamwo abitavye ibikorwa 2. Igicapo c’umuremeshakoyago

Incamake: Agakino:Ni nde ari Umuyobozi Ugutonda be n’akajagari Gusangira inkuru ugaca ubaza n’inyifato zikwiye kugirwa:Share the story and

ask about current behaviors: Barumwete arakinga ukukama amazi. Erekana amasanamu muce muganira ku butumwa nyamukuru buri ku gicapo

ku mpapuro za 14-19:ingene bategura ivyunyunyu,ivyunyunyu n’amaberebere hamwe n’imfungurwa kugira ugukira kunyaruke.

Igikorwa:ugutegura ivyunyunyu Gutohoza inzitizi zose zohaba Kubamenyesha inyishu zose zishoboka kuri izo nzitizi

7Action efficacy is a determinant in barrier analysis. Use this lesson and discussion questions to increase the belief in the effectiveness of ORS to prevent dehydration and speed recovery. For more information, see www.barrieranalysis.com.

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Ugukora mu migwi y’abantu babiri no kubakwirikirana Gusaba icemezo Gupima ivyemezo bijanye n’icigwa giheruka

1. Agakino: Ni nde ari umuyobozi -iminota 10

1. Gusaba umugore ngo yicare mu muzingi. Gusaba umwe ngo ataramuke gutyo ntahave yumva ivyavugiwe mu murwi.

2. Uwo muntu yamaze kugenda,umugwi uca utora uwuwurogora. 3. Gusigura ko umuyobozi ategerezwa gutunganya neza ibikorwa igihe wa

wundi yagenda kuko avyishakiye aja kugaruka. Ashobora gukoma amshi,kudida ukuguru hasi,guturitsa urutoke,gupepera,n’ibindi. Uwariwe wese mu murwi ategerezwa gufata ivyo bikorwa vyose umuyobozi ariko arakora.Ariko,umuyobozi ategerzwa gutangura ivyo bikorwa vyose mu mpisho mu gihe wa wundi yagenda atakiri kumwe nawe,gutyo ntazomenya uwuriko ararongora ivyo bikorwa.abagize umurwi batgerezwa gukingira umuyobozi wabo mu kutaja baramuraba.

4. Umwe yagenda rero haragera igihe akagaruka agaca ahagarara mu muzingi.araraba mu bagize umurwi ingene bakora agaca agerageza kwibaza muri bo umuyobozi uwariwe .

5. Mu gihe atoye umuyobozi uwo ari we,wa muntu yari yataramutse aca asubira mu muzingi.

6. Wa wundi yari umuyobozi nawe aca ataramuka kugira batore uwundi. 7. Subiramwo ako gakino incuro nyinshi.

?Ako gakino katwigisha iki mu buzima ? Rimwe na rimwe umuntu afata ingingo hari aho aba yinyegeje. Kenshi iyo dusanze abagore mu mihana iwabo,hari abadi mu muryango

usanga aribo bategeka canke basosereza mu gufata ingingo. Dushaka gusangira ubutumwa n’abakenyezi, ndetse tuknabusangira

n’abakurambere canke n’abandi bo mu nzu.

Ubu rero,reka dutangure icigwa.


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Barumwete akinga ugukama amazi (isanamu 2.1) – iminota 10

3. Inkuru Soma inkuru iri ku rupapuro rwa 12 rwo ku gicapo.

Barumweteigira aje mu murima. Ahamagara umukobwa akiri muto mu nzu iwe. “Sinigeze ndakwigisha ingene uzohora witaho Mvuyekure ubushize. Nshaka kukwereka ivyo uzoca umukorera ubonye ariko aracibwamwo”Aca mawereka ingene bavanga ivyunyu bagaca babihaMvuyekure. “N’aho adahwa,” Barumwete avuga, “canke ntashake kunywa,muhirize kunywa uze uramuhesha ikiyiko.” “Ego,nzobikora,” uyo mukobwa arishura. Ku mugoroba Barumwete agarutse, Mvuyekure yaciye yiruka kumusanganira. “ubu ameze neza cane!” wa mukobwa amubwira. “Vya vyunyunyu vyamufashije aratonra mitende n’ingoga!”

4. Gutohoza Baza ikibazo ca mbere kugira dusubiremwo inkuru.

o Twipfuza ko abitavye bokwishura muri ubu buryo: Barumwete ariko aravangira ivyunyunyu Mvuyekure yongera amwigisha ingene abigaburira umwana ahejeje gucibwamwo.

Baza ikibazo kigira kabiri mu gusubiramwo ido n’ido ku vy’ugukira kwa Mvuyekure. o Mvuyekure yakize n’ingoga. Ntiyarinze gucika integer canke ngo

arwaragurike nka mbere igihe Barumwete Atari ahari. Aranywa agaca amera neza akaguma anezerewe.

Baza ikibazo ca nyuma wumve ico abavyeyi bakorera abana babo igihe bacibwamwo. o Twipfuza ko botanga ivyunyunyu,amaberebere n’ivyo kunywa kugira ngo

umwana akire. Himiriza ikiyago. Nturondere gukosora “inyishu zitari zo”. Reka umwe

wese atange iciyumviro ciwe. Iyi paje ni iy’ikiyago, si iy’inyigisho. Abari ngaho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku rupapuro

rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu, uvuge uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’inyigisho iri muri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

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? What does Barumwete akora iki kugira ngo ntatakaze amazi menshi?

? Mvuyekure ashikirwa n’ibiki iyo atari hafi?? Umwana wawe umuha iki kugira akire gucibwamwo?

Ingene bategura ivyunyunyu(isanamu 2.2) – iminota5

5. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi gusigura ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 15.





Kuvanga ipaki imwe y’ivyunyunyu n’ibikombe vy’agasabasaba 4 vyuzuye amazi. Gushigisha mpaka aho ifu izimangana. 8

o Gukoresha amazi ashushe canke amazi meza bashizemwo umuti .o Amazi atayunguruye ashobora gutuma gucibwamwo bimera nabi

rwose.

8Source: King, F.S.; burgess, A.: Nutrition for Developing countries 2nd ed. Oxford Univ. Press,

1996. Page 161.

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o Ibikombe bine vy’ Agasabasaba bingana n’iritiro rimwe ry’amazi.

Ni ukwuzuza igikombe c’ Agasabasaba gushika ku kazingi ka nyuma mu tugize igikombe.

Guha umwana ivyunyunyu igihe cose acibwamwo.o Kumwongera ibindi mu gihe anyotewe.o Bandanya umuha ivyunyunyu kugeza aho gucibwamwo canke

kudahwa bihagarara.o Ivyo bishobora gutwara imisi myinshi.

? Mwoha ivyunyunyu bingana gute umwana ari munsi y’amezi 6?o Nta na kimwe.Ni ukumuha amaberebere gusa.

? Abana barenza imyaka ibiri twobaha ivyunyunyu bingana gute?o Kwuzuza igikombe ku karingo ka kabiri mu tugize imizingi

y’igikombe.o Gutanga ibingana gutyo no ku mwana akuze igihe cose acibwamwo.o Kumwongera ibindi mu gihe umwana akinyotewe.

Ayandi makuru ku wigishaIbiharuro vy’urufatiro – SRO Mu Cankuzo,abana k’wijana bari munsi y’imyaka 5 bafise ingorane zo

gucibwamwo bategerezwa kuronka ivyunyuynyu canke ibindi vyo kunywa baba bategetswe gufatira muhira vyaraduze 59% Ruyigi, hamwe na 39% (ugereranijie ni 45%).9

Ukuvura ugucibwamwo Ivyunynuynyu vya Zinc uvyongeyeko mu gihe co gucibwamwo,biragabanura

ububababare bwo gucibwamwo nko mu mezi ari hagati y’ 2-3. Zinc si umuti,ni ivyunyunyu(ingaburo)ifasha umubiri kwisubirako.

Ivyigwa vyo kuri Zinc vyerekanye yuko abana bafata ibinini vya zinc hagati y’imisis 10-14 bagira imisi mike yo kurwara ugucibwamwo kandi ntibiruka cane nk’batafashe ivyo binini. Gufata zincmu gihe ucibwamwo biragabanya ibiringo vyo gucibwamwo mu mezi ari hagati y’ 2-3 akwirikira (hagabnuka ibice 25% vy’igihe vyomaze,hakagabanuka ibice 25% vy’ibiringobe na 30% bigabanuka vy’ugucibwamwo amazi). 10

Imiti nka Loperamide, Immodium na Kaopectatentikiza ugucibwamwo. Ikiza ibimenyetso vy’imigera y’iyo ndwara. Abasoda b’umubiri nibo bagabanuka kuri korera ikaze,amacinya canke korera bitewe na amibe.

9 Baseline Report page 42. Of the children who had blood in their diarrhea, how many received SRO (45%). 10WHO/UNICEF Joint Statement.Clinical Management of Acute Diarrhoea. 2004. Available: http://www.childinfo.org/files/ENAcute_Diarrhoea_reprint.pdf

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Ivyunyunyu n’amaberebere (isanamu 2.3) – iminota5

7. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi basigure ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 17.





Iyo umwana adashwe ahejeje gufata ivyunyunyu,banza urindire. Mwongere ibindi mugabo umuhe ku kayiko.o Rindira iminota 10 umwana ahjeje kudahwa.o Muhe ivyunyunyu buhorobuhoro.o Asubiye kudahwa kandi,bandanya umwongere ibindi vyunyunyu.

Kumuha amaberebere kurusha uko vyahora.o Amaberebere arakiza mu mushishito w’umwana.o Umwana umubashije amata birakingira umwumira.o Mu gihe udafise ipaki y’ivyunyunyu,ni ukubanza ukamuha

amaberebere.

? Woba ufise ipaki y’ivyunyunyu muhira?

Ni ukubika ipaki y’ivyunyunyu muhira. Uzoshobora kuvura ugucibwamwo urinze ubona bishika.

o Ababana batoya barakunda gukarirwa no gucibwamwo.o Kwama witeguye kuvura gucibwamwo biririnze bishika.

Ayandi makuru ku wigishaUkwonsa no Gucibwamwo Abavyeyi bamwe bavga yuko baca bahagarika kwonsa canke bakina abana

babo mu gihe bacibwamwo. Ariko ivyo birababaza umwana. Ukuvura neza

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umwana afise umwumira ni ukumuha ivyunyunyu ukongera ukamwonsa cane.amabererebere arakiza gucibwamwo ntagutera.

Ibiharuro vy’urufatiro – ivyunyunyu vyo muhira Ni ingo 5% usanga zaraziganije ivyunyunyu vyo kunywa mu mazu.11

Imfungurwa zituma gukira n’ingoga (isanamu 2.4) – iminota 5

9. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi ngo bavuge ivyo babona kun masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa

ruri ku gicapo.





Gutanga amazi ayunguruye,umutobe w’ivyamwa,amazi y’umuceri,umusururu n’isupu.

Gushiramwo umunyu mu ndya zishushe kugira bifashe umwana gukira.o Ivyo vyo kunywa birafasha umwana gusubira gusonza akarukana

akayabagu.o Umwana acibwamwo akama umunyu.o Kwongeramwo umunyu navyo birafasha umwana gukira.o Amavuta arazana inguvu ku mwana .

Gutanga ifi,inyama,amagi,irengarenga n’imikerera kugira bifashe gukira gucibwamwo.o Inyama z’ifi n’amagi bikomeza amaraso n’inyama z’umubiri.o Irengarenga n’imikerera bifasha umubiri kuzigama amazi.o Indya ziseye zifasha umwana arwaye kumira.

11Baseline Report page 49.

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Ayandi makuru ku wigishaUkuvura gucibwamwo – Imirwi yo guhanahana ivyiyumviro Imirwi yo guhanahana ivyiyumviro ku cigwa cagizwe yavuze yuko abavyeyi

bamwe batanga amazi yatekeshejwe umuceri bakayavanga n’amakara n’amamesa. Amakara aratuma amazirantoke aguma,ariko ntabuza ko amazi n’umunyu bitakara. Amakara umuntu yoyihoza. Gutanga amazi y’umuceri ku kuyiko birafasha cane kugira ngo umwana akire.

Umunyu na Potassium Igisunzu,imikerera,amababi y’irengarenga n’ifu CSB irenza mg 550 ya

potassium. Amateke,igitika n’amavoka navyo nyene n’isoko ya potassium(birarenza mg 400).

Potassium ikorana n’umunyu kugira bifashe bigumye urugerp rw’amazi rukwiye mu mubiri. Umwna yakamye amazi atere rimwe potassium n’umunyu mu mubiri.

Ugucibwamwo no gufungura nabi Iyo abana bacibwamwo,kenshi ntibakunda gufungura,kandi indwara

ntibakundira imishishito yabo gusya neza ngo yongere irobanure ivya nkenrwa mu mubiri neza. Ivyo bituma umwana ata ibiro kandi ntabe agikura neza. Iyo umwana aza afungura nabi,birashobora gutuma indwara ikara kandi ikaramba.12

Kugira ufashe umwana gukira neza,ni ukumuha utwuzango buri musi mu gihe akirwaye n’inyuma y’amayinga abiri yaratoye mitende. Ivyo birafasha umwana kwunguka ibiro yari yarataye akirwaye. Kugira uronke amakuru arengako,subiramwo icigwa ca 3.

Mu cigwa cagizwe na Tubaramure ,basanze ko abana baba bari basanzwe bafungura nabi bakunda gukarirwa no gucibwamwo ugreranije n’abana bafise amagara meza (Ibice 17% vy’abana biyonkoye bari barwaye gucibwamwo mu kiringo c’amayinga 2 ku bice 52% vy’abana bafungura nabi).

Akayabagu Abana bacibwamwo barashobora kudasonza. Ni vyiza guhimiriza abo bana

batumva ko basonza ngo bafungure. Gutanga udufungurwa tworoshe kandi akunda kugira umuhimirize gufungura.Subiramwo icigwa kigira 3 kugira umenye ibirenga.

Ibiharuro vy’urufatiro –ukugaburira umwana acibwamwo Ingongo yo kubanywesha ibinyobwa vyinshi yumvikanyweko n’ibice 55%

vy’bagore bo mu Cankuzo na 35%vy’abagore bo mu Ruyigi. 15% vy’abagize icigwa bavuze ko ata kindi kindi kintu na kimwe gihushanye

bagize igihe abana babo bari barwaye gucibwamwoGusa ibice 11% bogaburiye abana bacibwamwo canke bobandanya bonsa.

11. Igikorwa:ugutegura ivyunyunyu– iminota 15

12The Treatment of Diarrhoea: A manual for Physicians and Other Senior Health Workers. WHO;2005. Available: http://www.who.int/child_adolescent_health/documents/.

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ibikoresho: Ipaki imwe y’ivyunyunyu Iritiro ry’amazi atetse canke ayunguruye Igikombe c’ Agasabasaba co gupima amazi Ikiyiko co kugaburira umwana Gusaba umuvyeyi wese kuzana igikombe c’umwana wiwe

1. Kwerekana ingene bavanga ivyunyunyun imbere y’abo bagore. 2. Gusaba ababishaka babiri bafise amezi hagati y’ 6-24.3. Kubwira abo bagore ko bomera nk’uko abana babo barwaye gucibwamwo. 4. Babaze kwereka abandi bagize umurwi ivyo boha abana babo uko bingana .

a. (bahejeje gutanga ivyiyumviro vyabo – gukomeza kugeza aho buzuza igikombe gushika ku karongo ka nyuma k’utuzingi tugize igikombeGuhimiriza umwana kubifungura akabimara).

5. Kubwira abo bagore ko berekana ko abana babo badashwe.kubaza abo bagore gusigura ico boca bakora gikwirikira.

a. (Bahejeje gutanga ivyiyumviro vyabo –gushimika ko borindira iminota 10,hanyuma bukebuke bagatanga ivyunyunyu ku kiyiko ku gihe).

b. Inyuma y’amasaha 24,ivyunyunyu vyateguwe(mu gihe umwana atabinyoye) boca bagomba bakabita.

6. Kwishura ibibazo.

12. Gucaca: iminota 10




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1. Saba Abavyeyi Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu Gitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu Mugwi Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.









Nk’akarorero: Nzokwama mbika ipaki y’ivyunyu mu nzu guto nzokwama niteguye mu gihe

umwana wanje azorwara.

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Nzokwama ndamuha ivyunyunyu igihe cose umwana wanje azofatwa n’indwara yo gucibwamwo.

Nzovanga ipaki imwe ivyunyunyu n’iritiro rimwe ry’amazi ndabihe umwana wanje mu gihe azoba arwaye.

Nzokwigisha abandi bo mu nzu yanje ingene bategura ivyunyunyu.


Baza umuvyeyi umwe ku wundi ivyo biyemeje.

? Wiyemeje iki mu cigwa giheruka? None ico cemezo waragikomeje? ? gute? Wakoze iki? Ni uwo ari we wese (umugabo,umunyokuru canke abana)baravyitayemwo

canke bakakubwira ngo ntukwirikize ivyo wiyemeje? Tera inkuru y’uko vyagenze?

Ni ibihe vyatumye (abantu,ibihe canke ibikorwa) mu buzima bwawe bigorana kugumya ivyo vyemezo?

Izo ngorane washoboye kuzivamwo gute?

Mu kurangiza wobaza umugore wese ivyo yakoze muri izi ndwi zibiri ziheze: Mwoba mwaraganiriye ku bijanye n’impanuka z’umwumira n’abo mu nzu

yawe? Yoba umwana wawe yaraciwemwo canke ngo adahwe muri izi ndwi zibiri

ziheze? Wakoze iki kugira umwana wawe akire?

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Icigwa ca 3:Imfungurwa zikwiriye abana barwaye

Abavyeyi bakwiye guhimiriza abana barwaye gufungura n’aho umwana yoba yumva ko adashonje biramufasha gukira n’ingoga.13

o Kuririmba ukongera ugakinisha umwana kugira umuhimirize gufungura.

o Kumuganiriza nk’uwumuhimiriza kandi umuraba mu maso.o Guha umwana ibifungurwa akunda kugira akunde gufungura.o Guha umwana imfungurwa zoroshe kandi ziseye vyorohera umwana

kumira bikoroha n’uko umushishito ubisya. o Kugaburira umwana mu gihe n’abandi baba bariko barafungura guto

nawe aca agira akayabagu. Abavyeyi bokwongerako mu kugabura utwuzango n’amaberebere buri musi:

1) Igihe umwana arwaye kugira bimufashe gutora mitende 2) no mu mayinga abiri inyuma akwirikira mu gihe umwana aba yatoye mitende.

Abavyeyi bokwigisha abavukanyi bakuze canke abandi bantu bo mu muryango ingene bahimiriza umwana gufungura n’aho yoba adashonje.

Abavyeyi bokwizera yuko kudafasha umwana gufungura,ntumuhe ivyo kurya n’ivyo kunywa buri mwanya,bitera kurya nabi mbere bigakwega n’urupfu (biduza ubukazi bw’indwara).14

Ibikoresho:1. Ibitabu vyo kwandikamwo abitavye ibikorwa 2. Igicapo c’umuremeshakiyago

Incamake: agakino:Ukunyonga amatagisi Ukwitaba no gukiranura Gusangira inkuru ugaca n’inyifato bikunda kujana: kwigisha abandi gufasha Kwerekana amasanamu mugaca muganira ku vyerekeye ubutumwa

nyamukuru buri ku gicapo kiri ku mpapuro za 22-26:Inzara no kurya nabi, uburyo bwo guhimiriza gufungura,ukongerako utwuzango n’amaberebere

Igikorwa: Ibikorwa vyiza na bibi Gutohoza ku nzitizi zose zishoboka

13Positive attribute is a behavioral determinant in barrier analysis found to be significant to the feeding of sick children. Doers were 6 times more likely to mention that the child has good health if a parent feeds them even when they are not hungry.14 Perceived severity is a behavioral determinant in barrier analysis found to be significant for increasing feeding frequency. Doers were 14.2 times more likely believe that malnutrition is a severe health problem than non-doers. For more information, review “La Structure du Changement de Comportement:Feeding Frequency (Burundi)and www.barrieranalysis.com.

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Kubamenyesha inyishu zose zishoboka kuri izo nzitizi Gukora no gukurikiranwa muri babiri Gusaba icemezo Gupima ivyemezo ku cigwa giheruka

1. Agakino: kunyonga amatagisi - iminota 10

1. Kugabura abagore mu mirwi mitomito kandi ukagira igitigiri kingana mu murwi wowe.Mwogora n’imiburiburi imirwi 3.

2. Umurwi wose ukwiye gutora umudereva w’itagisi “yicara imbere”." Abandi bamere nk’aburira inyuma y’umudereva. "Umudereva" aranyonga aja imndani n’inyuma y’iyindi mirwi y’abantu.Abandi bari inyuma mu modoka bategerezwa kumukwirikira.

3. Uwigisha arahamagara igiharuro gishasha. Abagore bagaca bakora amatagisi mashasha n’ico gitigiri c’abantu bari indani mu modoka. Abagore bamwe bashobora gufata imodoka nshasha. Mu gihe imodoka yuzuye n’igitigiri catanzwe n’umwigisha, umudereva aca anyonga n’ingoga akavaho. Abagore batari mu modoka bafise igiharuro co baca bava mu rukino.

4. Umwigisha arabandanya guhamagara ibitigiri bishasha. Abagore baca bakora izindi tagisi n’ico giharuro. Abadashoboye kwinjira mw’itagisi (canke mu gihe itagisi idafise inomero yo) itegerezwa kurindirira ku ruhande rw’ibarabara kugeza aho iyindi nomero ihamagarwa.

5. Abadashobora kwinjira mw’itagisi . 6. Kubandanya gushiramwo ibindi bitigiri kugeza aho umwe wese atwenga.

Ubu dufise utuguvu,reka dutangure inama y’uno musi.




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Kwigisha abandi gufasha (Isanamu 3.1) – iminota 10

3. Inkuru Soma iyi nkuru iri ku rupapuro rwa 20 rwo ku gicapo.

Karorero na Biguvu bompi bararwaye.Mu gihe Karorero ariko araruhuka, inabukwe ariko aragaburira Biguvu. Inabukwe agsigurira abuzukuru biwe, “narabonye umwana yataye ibiro kubera indwara ntoyi aruhira gupfa. Kugira ufashe musazawe ngo akire agire amagara meza,dutegerezwa kumuhimiriza gufungura. Nzoguma ndamureze,umwuzukuru wiwe w’umukobwa avuga.” Inakuru wa Biguvu aramugaburira yongera amuririmbira uturirimbo turyoshe. Bari hamwe,barajijura Biguvu gufungura ibiri kw’isahani vyose.

4. Gutohoza Soma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 20 ku gicapo. Baza ikibazo ca 1 kugira usubiremwo inkuru:

o Twipfuza iinyishu z’abitavye muri ubu buryo: Ariko arafasha Biguvu gufungura n’aho adashonje. Umukobwa akiri muto aramureze inakuru nawe ariko aramuririmbira.

Kubaza ikibazo ca kabiri ku ciyumviro c’abagore kuvyo bakora mu kugaburira umwana no mu gihe adashonje.15

o Iki ni igikorwa ciza cane. Bizofasha Biguvu kuronka inguvu,gukira n’ingoga no kugira amagara meza.

Kubaza ikibazo ca nyuma kugira wumve ingene abavyeyi bakunda kwishura iyo abana babo batakigira akayabagu.

o Twipfuza ko twobaha imfungurwa bakunda, zoroshe n’ivyo kunywa kugira tubahimirize gufungura n’aho boba badashonje.

Himiriza ikiyago. Nturondere gukosora “inyishu zitari zo”. Reka umwe wese atange iciyumviro ciwe. Iyi paje ni iy’ikiyago, si iy’inyigisho.

Abari ngaho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku rupapuro rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu, uvuge uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’inyigisho iri muri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

15Use this story to increase the belief that in-laws would approve and support women to encourage their child to eat even if the child is not hungry. The barrier analysis surveys showed that doers were 6 times more likely to say that there in-laws approve of encouraging their non-hungry children to eat than doers (increased social acceptability).

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? Inabukwe wa Karorero ariko akora iki kugira afashe Biguvu gutora mitende?

? Iyo ni impanuro nziza? Kubera iki?? Ukora iki iyo umwana wawe atagisonza?

Inzara no Gufungura nabi(Isanamu 3.2) – iminota 5

5. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi kudondora ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 23.





Mu gihe c’indwara babura akayabagu.o Abana bashobora kwerekana ko badashonje.o Abana bashobora kuba badafise inguvu zihagije zo kwirisha bo

nyene.

Guhimiriza abana gufungura n’aho boba basa n’abadashonje.o Kubaririmbira no kubakinisha kugira bafungure.o Kuha umwana ivyo akunda gufungura kugira umuhimirize

gufungura.o Kumuha isupu n’umusururu vyoroshe ku mwana gufungura.

Abana badahimirijwe gufungura baca baba abarya nabi.o Abana badahimirijwe gufungura barya duke.o Umwana arya duke akura ari magara make.aca abura akayabagu.o Abana bakariwe canke bagakubitwa kubera badafungura

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ntibakura neza.o Abana badafashijwe gufungura baca bata ibiro.

? Kubera iki abavyeyi bakankamira abana iyo banse kurya?

? Gukankamira no gukubita umwana bikora gute ku mwana mu bijanye no gukura kwiwe?o Umwana aca agira ubwoba akongera akihebura.o Umubiri w’umwana uratinya ugaca umera nk’uwurwaye.o Umwana afungura bukebubuke agata ibiro.

Ayandi makuru ku wigishaIvyerekana bisanzwe vy’ivyatowe mu gufungura nabi Abana bafungura nabi baboneka incuro zine nk’abakubiswe canke bahawe

amakofe mu ndwi iheze.

Uburyo bwo guhimiriza gufungura (Isanamu 3.3) – iminota5

7. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi kudondora ivyo babona ku masanamu yo ku rupapuro rwa 25.





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Gutanga imfungurwa zikundwa.o Indya zikundwa zirahimiriza abana gufungura.o Wovanga indya zikundwa n’izindi kugira uhimirize umwana

gufungura.

Kugabura isupu novu, umusururu n’indya ziseye.o Indya ziseye n’isupu ntibigorana kumira.o Isupu n’umusruru birrorohera abana gufungura.o Isupu n’umusururu binovu birimwo ingaburo nyinshi kurusha

isupu n’umusururu vyango.o Ibifungurwa vy’mazimazi nta nguvu bitanga ku mwana.o Imfungurwa zinovu zirafasha umwana gukira.

Kugaburira umwana mu gihe abandi bariko barafungura.o Kuraba abandi bariko barafungura birahimiriza umwana

gufungura.o Kwicarana n’abandi bituma umwana yumva anezerewe kurusha.

? Iyo umuvyeyi arwaye yomenyeshwa n’iki ko abandi bokwitaho umwana wiwe nk’uko yahora avyikorera?o Sangria n’abandi ubu butumwa bw’ingene bitaho abana.o Kwigisha abavukanyi bakuze ingene bitaho abana barwaye.

Kwongereza n’utwuzango n’amaberebere (isanamu 3.4) – iminota5

9. Erekana: Saba abvyeyi kudondora ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 27.


10. Sigura:

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Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 26 na 27 z’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse isanamu ijana na buri ngingo.

Mu gihe c’indwara no mu mayinga abiri inyuma y’indwara ,ni ukwonsa kurusha uko vyahora.o Kenshi, abana barwaye barafungura bakongera bakarya nabibinabi.o Kubahimiriza kwonka kenshi.o Amaberebere afasha umwana kugarura inguvu.

Kwongerezako utwuzango buri musi ku mwana arwaye mu gihe c’indwara no mu gihe c’amayinga abiri amaze gukira.o Indya wongeyeko n’ivyo kunywa birakingira ukurya nabi.o Indya wongeyeko zituma umwana akura akomeye.o Indya wongeyeko n’ivyo kunywa bituma agrura ibiro yaro yarataye.

? Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ibifungurwa bari guha umwana kugira akire?o Kugabura imwe imwe muri ya mirwi iettu igze imfungurwa.o Kugabura inyama, amateke, n’imfungurwa mu gukinga indwara.

Amakuru yiyongera ku wigishaImfungurwa zo gutanga mu gihe c’indwara Imisoso y’inyama itanga vitamine A, inyubakamubiri na fer kugira

amraso,inyama n’amagufa bikomere. Abana barya amateke mu cigwa cagizwe n’abiyemeje no kuaraba ibijanye no gufungura nabi bari bafise amgara meza kurusha abana batariye amateke.

Ugufungura nabi n’Urupfu Ugucibwamwo kurakunda kuzana urupfu ku bana barya nabi. Ubushakashatsi

bwarerekanywe,ariko mu gihe umwana aronse imfungurwa n’ivyo kunywa mu gihe arwaye, inkwirikizi mbi zo gucibwamwo zirashobora kugabanuka.16

11. Igikorwa: Ibikorwa vyiza na Bibi– iminota 30

1. Subiramwo ibikorwa vyahaririweko mu cigwa co guhimiriza abana ngo bafungure.

16MOST, 2005.

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2. Saba umugore kuganira n’umugore umwe yicaye hafi. Bari bakwiye kwiyumvira ku bikorwa bibiri bishasha (bitahaririweko ku gicapo) umuvyeyi ashobora gukoresha mu guhimiriza umwana arwaye ngo afunfure.

3. Guharira ku vyiyumviro vyatanzwe n’abagore bo mu murwi munini.4. Gukomeza ibikorwa vyiza vyerekanywe n’a bagore.

5. Ubu baza umugore wese kuganira n’umugore bicaranye hafi. Bari bakwiye kwiyumvira ibintu bibiri bitari bikwiye kugirwa n’umwana arwaye.

6. Kuganira ku vyiyumviro vyashikirijwe n’abagore bo mu murwi munini.7. Gushimangira ku kuntu ivyo bikorwa bibabaza kandi bishobora gutesha

ivyizigiro umwana, bikamutuma ata umutwe bikanamutera kurya nabi.8. Kubaza abagore uwundi muntu mu nzu yitaho kugaburira abana. Guhimiriza

abavyeyi gusangira inyigisho nshasha n’abandi bitaho abana. 9. Kwishura ibibazo.






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Nk’akarorero: Nzohimiriza umwana wanje gufungura n’aho yoba adashonje. Nzokwonsa umwana wanje kurusha uko vyahora mu gihe arwaye no mu

mayinga abiri yarakize. Nzogabura isupu n’umusururu n’imfungurwa zoroshe umana wanje arwaye.

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Kubaza umuvyeyi umwe ku wundi ku vyerekeye n’ivyo yiyemeje.

? Icemezo cawe cabaye ikihe ku cigwa ca nyuma? None ico cemezo warakigendeye?

? Gute–Wakoze iki?o Ni iwo ari we wese (umugabo, umunyokuru canke abana)

yavyinjiyemwo canke yakubwiye ngo ntukwirikize ivyo wiyemeje? Tera iyo nkuru ingene vyangenze?

o Ni ibihe vyafashije (abantu, ibihe canke ibikorwa) mu buzima bwawe vyatumye ivyemezo vyawe utabigumako?

o Wabigenjeje gute kugira uve muri izo ngorane?

Mu kurangiza baza umuvyeyi wese ku vyerekeye ibikorwa vyiwe mu ndwi zibiri ziheze: Umwana wawe yoba yarigeze gucibwamwo kuva aho duhuriye? Wakoze iki

kugira umufashe? Nimba umwana wawe ataciwemwo,wokora iki mu gihe yocibwamwo uno

musi? Urafise ipaki y’ivyunyunyu muhira iwawe ubu?

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Icigwa ca 4: Amacinya n’ugucibwamwo kw’urutavanako

Abavyeyi botwara kwa muganga umwana mu gihe ibimenyetso bikomeye vyo gucibwamwo vyibonekeje:

o Gucibwamwo amarasoo Ugucibwamwo kurenza mimisi 14o Ugucibwamwo ibisa n’amazi y’umuceri (kandi ugacibwamwo amazi

gusa) Igihe abana bafise ugucibwamwo bibabaje,abavyeyi boha imiti yose

yategetswe na muganga kugeza aho iyo miti ihera. Mu gihe umwana arwaye gucibwamwo bikomeye, abavyeyi bomuha ibinini

vya zinc afata mu misi 1017 kugira agabanye gucibwamwo kandi bimufashe gukira.

o Gutanga ikinini kimwe mu misi 10 ku bana bafise amezi 6 bayarenza.o Gutanga ½ c’ikinini buri musi mu misi 10 ku bana bari musi y’amezi 6.

Kugira ufashe umwana gukira mu gihe ariko afata umuti,abavyeyi bikora ibikwirikira:

o Gutanga ivyunyunyu ku mwana arwaye gucibwamwo mpaka bihagarare.

o Inyuma y’imisi itatu yo kuvurwa,mu gihe umwana ata gihindutse,ni ukumusubiza kwa muganga.

o Guha utwuzango no kwonsa umwana buri musi n’amayinga abiri umwan akize.

Abavyeyi bashobora gushira ku rutonde ibintu vya nkenerwa vyose kugira bakinge gucibwamwo:kwonsa vyonyene,gukaraba intoke,gucandagisha umwana,kuyungurura amazi, be no gushusha imfungurwa.

Abavyeyi bakwiye kumenya ko ugucibwamwo amaraso ari indwara ikomeye ishobora gutera ukurya nabi n’urupfu mu gihe umwana batamutwaye kwa muganga(bituma indwara ikomera).18

Materials:1. Ibitabu vyo kwandikamwo abitavye ibikorwa 2. Igicapo c’umuremeshakiyago 3. (si mpaka iboneke) ikarata y’isanamu*Incamake:

agakino: Myriamu aravuga1718Increased perceived severity in a behavioral determinant in Barrier Analysis. Use this lesson to increase the belief that severe diarrhea can easily cause malnutrition and death if not treated. For more information, see www.barrieranalysis.com.

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Ukwitaba ibikorwa no gukiranura Sangira iyo nkuru uce ubabaza inyifato bakunda kugira: gucibwamwo

amaraso Erekana amasanamu muca muganira ku butumwa nyamukuru buri ku gicapo

kiri ku mpapuro 30-35: Ibimenyetso vy’ugucibwamwo gukaze,ukuvura:umuti na zinc no kumwitaho mu gihe co kuvurwa.

Igikorwa:Ugukinga gucibwamwo Gutohoza ku vyerekeye inzitizi zishoboka Kubamenyesha ku nyishu zishoboka kuri izo nzitizi Ibikorwa no gukwirikiranwa mu mirwi igizwe na babiribabiri Gusaba icemezo Gupima ivyemezo ku cigwa giheruka

1. Agakino: Myriamu aravuga - iminota 10

1. Gusaba umugore yoharara hagati mu muzingi. 2. Intumbero y’ako gakino ni ugukora ivyo “Myriamu avuga”. 3. Abagore bakwiye gukora gusa igikorwa igihe uwigisha aza gutangura

iryungane ritangurwa na”Myriamu avuze…”nk’akarorero, “Myriamu avuze, Simba hejuru wongere umanuke.” “Myriamu avuze, kora ku mano yawe.” “Myriamu avuze, fukama.”

4. Bigire kenshi “Myriamu avuze…” Rero tanga amategeko utavuze Myriamu. Nk’akarorero, “Myriamu avuze simbira hejuru wongere umanuke. Icara hasi.” Abicaye hasi bategerezwa kuva mu muzingi.

5. Bandanya utanga amategeko mpaka hasigare umuntu umwe mu muzingi. 6. Subiramwo ako gakino agasanga muvyipfuza.

Ubu dufise utuguvu, reka dutangure inama yacu y’uno musi.




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Inkuru: gucibwamwo amaraso (isanamu 4.1) – iminota10

3. Inkuru Soma iyo nkuru ku rupapuro rwa 28 ku gicapo.

Mu gatondo ka kare,umubanyi yaje kuramutsa wa Barumwete yaje kumuramutsa. “Barumwete, twarabonye ko wakuze uciye ubwenge. Mbira ico nari gukora.umwana wanje yacibwamwo amaraso mu ndwi iheze. Abagore b’ababanyi bamwiye ko ari inzoka. Mama yibajije ko umwana boba baramuroze. Yibajije ko imiti yo kwa muganga atco izoshikako. Ariko igihe cose tuba twiteze ko akira, umwana abandanya aremba.

4. Gutohoza Soma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 28 ku gicapo.

? Ni ibiki bitameze neza ku mwana?? Mwibaza ko iyi ndwar yatewe n’iki?? Mukora iki iyo mubonye ko umwana wanyu acibwamwo

amaraso ?

Baza ibibazo bibiri mu gusubiramwo iyo nkuru mwongere muharire ku bituma vy’iyo ndwara.

o Umwana yaciwemwo amaraso indwi yose. Iyo yerekana ibituma bibiri bishoboka: inzoka n’uburozi. Gucibwamwo amaraso kenshi biba vyatewe n’imfungurwa canke amazi banywa yaroye imigera yavuye mu mazirantoke. Insogi zirandura mbere zikanakomereka.

Baza ikibazo ca kabiri ngo urabe ingene abagore babiri bagize umurwi bavura abana babo iyo bacibwamwo amaraso.

o Twibaza ko umurwi wishura muri ubu buryo: Umwana boca bamutwara kwa muganag ubwo nyene. Ubu bwoko bw’indwara butera ugucibwamwo kw’urutavanako bizana umwumira. Bishobora kwica umwana mu gihe badahagaritse n’ingoga ukwo gucibwamwo.



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Ibimenyetso vy’ugucibwamwo gukomeye (isanamu 4.2) – iminota5

5. Erekana: Baza abavyeyi kudondora ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 31.





Gucibwamwo amarso no gucibwamwo ibisa n’amazi y’umuceri vyerekana ko wanduye imigera ikomeye y’indwara.

o Ugucibwamwo ibisa n’amazi y’umuceri ni ibimenyetso vya korera.o Umwana arwaye korera akama amazi n’ingoga iyo batanyarukije

kumuvura.

o Gucibwamwo amaraso ni ikimenytso cerekana ko umuntu ariko arakomereka indani.

o Umwana akeneye kuvugrwa kugira areke kuva amaraso.o Atavuwe,umwana aca aja mu kurya nabi.o Imigera y’indwara irarwira mu gihe umuntu atavuwe.

Ugucibwamwo kurenza amayinga abiri ni ikmeyetso c’imigera ikaze y’indwara!o Umubiri w’umwana nturonka imfungurwa ukeneye.o Umwana atakaza amazi menshi ku musi.o Umwana azoca aterwa no kurya nabi.o Umwana aca at inguvu n’ingoga.

Ni ukugenda n’ingoga kwa muganga.o Nturindire kuraba ko umwana atora mitende.o Guha ivyunyunyu umwana mu nzira umutwaye kwa muganga.o Kumwonsa kurusha uko wahora.

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o Kuzanira umwana utwuzangwa ngo afungure.

Amakuru yiyongera ku wigisha:Ibiharuro vy’urufatiro –ugucibwamwo amaraso Ku cigwa c’urufatiro cagizwe,ibice 6% vy’abana bacibwamwo haciye

amayinga abiri imbere yuko iperereza riba ,bazana amaraso mu mazirantoke bituma mu gihe c’indwara (12% mu ntara ya Cankuzo na 4% mu ntara ya Ruyigi).19

Ugucibwamwo kw’urutavanako Ugucibwamwo kurenza imisi 14 bakwita ugucibwamwo kw’urutavanako. Abana benshi barwaye ugucibwamwo kw’urutavanako baba barya nabi

imbere yuko ugucibwamwo gutangura. Ugucibwamwo kw’urutavanako gusa n’ukutigera gushikira babana batunzwe n’ibere gusa.

Ugucibwamwo amaraso (amacinya) Ugucibwamwo amaraso bavyita amacinya. Amacinya amra imisi indwi canke

irenga. Amacinya iyo atavuye ashobora kuzana umwumira ukaze,umubabaro hanyuma urupfu.

korera Ucibwamwo amazi gusa,ameze nk’amazi y’umuceri bituma ugira umwumira

ukabije n’ububabare.biri mu biza bikomeye haba ku bana no ku bakuze bompi.

Iyo abana barenza imyaka 5 canke abakuze berekanye umwumira bivuye mu gucibwamwo amazi gusa (udahwa canke utadahwa),Korera yari ikwiye kwinubwa cane,na canecane korera irazwi cane mu karere. Ni ugutanga ivyunyunyu ugaca uja kwa muganga n’ingoga ngo bakuvure.

Abarwaye korera bata hafi 0,9 bwa ritiro(hafi iritiro)ry’amzi kw’isaha. Mu gihe uwanduye atanyoye iritiro ry’amazi buri saha (canke ngo bamutere iritiro ry’amazi muri serumu kwa muganga), aca apfa n’ingoga.

ukuvura: Umuti na Zinc(Isanamu 4.3) – iminota 5

7. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi kudondora ivyo babona ku amsanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 33.


19Baseline data page 42.

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Gutanga imiti yose wategetwe n’umukozi wo kwa muganga.o Kuvura bikwiye umwana.o N’aho umwana yoba asa n’uwuriko aratora akajisho.o Kubandanya umuhera umuti muhira.

Gutanga ibinini birimwo zinc mu misi 10 kugira uhagarike gucibwamwo.o Kuvungurira ikinini ca zinc mu kiyiko c’amazi canke mu maberebere.o Kurindira aho ikinini kiyonga cose.o Gutanga zinc wongera ku binini biba vyatanzwe kwa muganga.o Zinc iragabanya ugucibwamwo.o Zinciragabanya imisi yo gucibwamwo.o Zincirakinga ugucibwamwo ngo ntikugaruke mu mezi abiri.

Ku bana bari munsi y’amezi 6,gutanga ½ c’ikinini buri musi mu misi 10 . Ku bana bafise amezi 6 n’ayarenga,kubaha ikinini cose buri musi mu misi

10 .Kuvura bikwiye na zinc.

o N’aho ugucibwamwo kwohagarara, kubandanya utanga zinc.o Ntugabanye imisi canke ngo ngo umuvure igice.

? Ni hehe ushobora kugurira ibinini vya zinc?

Ayandi makuru ku wigishaZinc no kudahwa Zinc irashobora gutera kudahwa. Iyo umwana adashwe ikinini ca zinc, ni

ukurindira iminota 10gushitsa aho kudahwa bihera umwana akaruhuka. Ca umuha ivyunyunyu. Mu gihe umwana adasubiye kudahwa,woca umwongera ikindi kinini ca zinc.

Iyo adashwe ikinini ca kabiri,ntihagire zinc yindi usubira kumuha. Ni ukurindira ejo hazoza kugira umuhe ikindi. Ni ugutanga zinc buri musi gushika aho ata kinini na kimwe ca zinc gisigara mw’ipaki.20

Ukuvuza Zinc n’ivyunyunyu21

20USAID, UNICEF, WHO.Diarrhoea Treatment Guidelines for Clinic-Based Healthcare

Workers.MOST; 2005.Available: www.who.int; page 39. 21Sarmila Mazumder, Sunita Taneja, Nita Bhandari, Brinda Dube, RC Agarwal, Dilip Mahalanabis, Olivier Fontaine & Robert E Black. Effectiveness of zinc supplementation plus oral rehydration salts for diarrhoea in infants aged less than 6 months in Haryana state, India. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Volume 88: No. 10. October 2010, 717-796.Available: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/10/10-075986/en/

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http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/10/10-075986/en/

http://www.who.int/

Ku bana bafise amezi 6 gushitsa ku myaka 4, kwongerezako zinc n’ivyunyunyu ku muti biragabanya igihe n’ububabare bwo gucibwamwo kandi birakingira umwana gucibwamwo kwo mu mezi akwirikira.

Ivyigwa vyerekanye yuko mu mezi atatu inyuma yo gufata zinc,umwana aguma afise ibihe bimebimwe acibwamwo (40% biragabanuka)ku mayinga abiriri aheze ugereranije n’abana batigeze baronka zinc.

Ukwitaho mu gihe co kuvurwa (Isanamu 4.4) – iminota 5

9. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi ngo badondore ivyo babona ku masanamu yo ku rupapuro rwa

35.





Gutanga ivyunyunyu mu gihe cose umwana adahwa canke acibwamwo.o N’aho umwana ari ku muti akenera ivyunyunyu.o Kwuzuza ivyunyunyu gushika ku karongo ka nyuma k’utuzingi

tugize igikombe.o Mu gihe umwana ariko aradahwa,ni ukumuha ivyunyunyu

buhorobuhoro n’ikiyiko.

Kumuha utwuzangwa n’amaberebere mu gihe c’indwara be n’inyuma y’amayinga abiri yarakize.o Amaberebere afasha mu gukiza umushishito.o Utwuzango dufasha umwana kugarukana inguvu.o Utwuzango dukingira kurya nabi.

Gusubira kwa muganga igihe ubonye umwana ata mitende atoye amaze imisi itatu afata umuti.o Mu gihe gucibwamwo kubandanije, umwana aba ageramiwe.

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o Umwana aba akeneye imiti itandukanye.

? Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ibifungurwa n’ibinyobwa woha umwana arwaye?

Ayandi makuru ku wigishaUbushuhe no gucibwamwo Umucanwa ku mwana acibwamwo ushobora kuba iterwa n’ iyindi migera

y’indwara (nk’akarorero umusonga canke marariya). Iyo umwana adakijijwe n’umuti wa mbere,ashobora kuba arwaye izindi ndwara zisaba ukuvurwa kundi.

Vitamine A Ugucibwamwo gutuma umwana akenera vitamine A nyinshi. Ahantun usanga

urugero rwaragabanutse,abana batoya bafise ugucibwamwo kw’urutavanako bashobora guterwa n’ububabare bw’amaso be no guhuma kubera ata vitamine A bafise.

Abana bafise ibimenyetso vy’uko badafise Vitmaine A no kurya nabi baronka umuti udasanzwe wa vitamine A nk’uko vyahaririwe mu gitabu ca 4, Icigwa ca 5.

Kwongeramwovitamin A mu mfungurwa ugaca utanga inyongera zirimwo vitamine A buri mezi 6 (Ku bana bafise hagati y’amezi 6-59 )birakingira umwana ugucibwamwo kubabaza.

11. Igikorwa: ugukinga ugucibwamwo – iminota 30

Ibikoresho: (Si mpaka iboneke)Ikarata iriko isanamu

1. Saba abagore biyumvire ku bikorwa vyinshi bokora ufatiye kuvyo bize mu kwikingira ku bijanye no kurya nabi no guteza imbere amagara y’abana barenza imyaka 2.

2. Basabe bavugane n’umugore yicaye inyuma yabo. Bagerageze batore ibikorwa bitanu mu vyo bize bibaza ko ari ngirakamaro mu gukinga ugucibwamwo.

3. Inyuma bahejeje kuganira ari babiribabiri, basabe bashikirize ivyiyumviro vyabo mu mrwi muniniya. Saba abo bagore bafate ingingo bari hamwe batore ibikorwa bitanu bikenewe mu gukinga gucibwamwo.

4. (Si mpaka iboneke) Igihe umugore ashatse gufashwa, bareke basubiremwo amasanamu ari kw’ikarata.

Abagore bahejeje gutora,sigura ingene ivyo bikorwa bitanu vyatowe ko ari vyo vy’ingirakamaro kurusha ibindi mu gukinga ugucibwamwo.

1.kwonsa vvyonyene gushitsa amezi 6.

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2. Gukaraba intoke n’isabuni (abakuze n’abana) na canecane imbere yo gufungura n’iyo uhejeje gukoresha akazu ka surwumwe.3.Guteka no kuyungurura amazi yo kunywa mbere ukayashiramwo n’umuti4. Guteka imfungurwa mpaka zigasha neza5.kuronka incanco zikwiye zose

5. Gereranya urutonde rw’ibintu bikenewe ku bagore bari ku rutonde ufise.6. Baza abo bagore:

? Ni vyiza gukinga ugucibwamwo? (Ego) ? Woba uriko urakora ivyo bokorwa 5 kugira ukinge ugucibwamwo? ? Atari aho,kubera iki?

7. Ishura ibibazo.






48











Akarorero: Niyemeje gutwara umwana wanje kwa muganga mu gihe azoba ariko

acibwamwo amaraso. Niyemeje guha zinc umwana wanje mu misi 10 kugira ashobore gukire

ugucibwamwo kumubabaza. Niyemeje guhaumwana wanje imiti yose nzotegekwa n’umukozo wo kwa

muganga.

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Baza umuvyeyi wese umumwe ku vyerekeye ivyemezo vyabo.

? Icemezo cawe cabaye ikihe ku cigwa ca nyuma?

? None waragendeye ico cemezo? Gute –Wakoze iki?o Yoba uwo ariwe wese (umugabo,umunyokuru canke

abana)barabiroyemwo canke canke barakubujije gukwirikiza ivyemezo vyawe?Tera iyo nkuru ingene yagenze?

o Ni ibiki vyasunitse (abantu, ibihe canke ibikorwa) mu buzima bwawe bigorana gushira mu ngiro ivyo wiyemeje?

o None izo ngorane washoboye kuzivamwo gute?

Mu guheraheza baza umugore wese umwe ku wundi ibikorwa vyiwe vyo muri izi ndwi zibiri ziheze: Nta n’umwe yarwaye mu bana bawe muri izi ndwi zibiri ziheze? Wakoze iki kugira ubafashe bakire? Mu gihe ata bana barwaye,wari kubigenza gute iyo bishika bakarwara?

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Icigwa ca 5: Gukinga umusonga

Abavyeyi bonyarukana umwana wabo kwa muganga mu gihe babonye ibimenyetso vyerekana ko afise umusonga (imigera y’indwara itera umusonga yo mu gikiriza):

o Guhemagirika:Umwana arahemagirika n’ingoga nk’uko womengo avuye kwiruka.

o Inkorora y’akanira:igikiriza kirarengera imbavu iyo umwana ariko aragihemeramwo.

Abavyeyi bokwonsa abana babo gushika amezi 6 ahere mbere bakabandanya mpaka umwana ashitse imyaka ibiri kugira amukingire umusonga.

Abavyeyi bokaraba intoke zabo n’izabana babo na canecane imbere yo gufungura no mu gihe bahejeje gukoresha akazu ka surwumwe canke mu gihe bahejejej gutegura umwana.Gukaraba intoke birakinga umusonga.

Abavyeyi bokwigiza abana babo kure y’umwotsi mu kubarungika hanze iyo bariko barateka n’ukubigiza kure y’abantu banywa itabi.

Abavyeyi bogabanya kunywera mu nzu mu kwugurura amadirisha n’imyango bagaca irindi dirisha risohora umwotsi.

Ibikoresho:1. Ibitabu vyo kwandikamwo abitavye ibikorwa 2. Igicapo c’umuremeshakiyago 3. (Si mpaka biboneke) Ibitandara vy’amabuye ndwi canke ibiharage*4. (Si mpaka biboneke) Isaha canke iterefone ngendanwa*

incamake: Agakino:inkorora,ibicurane,no kwasamura Ukwitaba no gukiranura Suce ubaza ku nyifato za misi yose:hari ikintu kibi Erekana amasanamu uce usangira ubutumwa buri ku mpapuro ziri ku gicapo

za 38-43 Igikorwa: guhemagirika Gutohoza ku nzitizi zose zishoboka Kubamenyesha kun nyishu zose zishoboka kuri izo nzotizi Gukora no gufasha abakorera mu mirwi ya babiribabiri Gusaba icemezo Gupima ivyemezo n’inyifato bijanye n’icigwa giheruka.

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1. Saba abagore bicare mu muzingi, ku mukaze wose hicare abagore batatu. (umurwi wose w’abo batatu utegerezwa kugira umukaze wawo.)

2. Uwigisha ategerezwa guhagarara hagati mu muzingi agaca agena umugore wese ko agira ijwi ryiwe. Umugore wa mbere ni ni ibicurane, umugore wa 2 ni ukwasamura,umugore wa 3 ni inkorora,umugore wa 4 niukwimyira, umugore wa 5 ni ukwasamura,n’ibindi n’ibindi ni nukuvuga ko umugore wese afise ijwi ryiwe.

3. Uwigisha asohora ijwi (ukwasamura, inkororora canke ukwimyira) kandi abagore bose baba bari bagenywe ngo basohore iryo jwi bategerezwa guhagurka bakicara ku mukaze mushasha n’abandi bagore babiri. (Mwibuke ko abagore batatu bonyene ari bo baza baricara ku mukaze). Uwigisha aca yiruka kwicara ku mukaze ahoba hari ikibanza kigaragara.

a. Nk’akarorero, igihe umwigisha yimyiriye, abimyira bose bategerezwa guhaguruka bakaja kwicara mu kindi kibanza. Umwigisha ari hagati aca yicara muri kimwe mu bibanza bigaragara.

4. Umuntu umwe ntaronka aho yicara –uyo muntu niwe aca aba umwigisha mushasha.

5. Umwigisha ahagarara hagati mu muzingi agaca asohora ijwi (kwimyira, kwasamura no gukorora) hanyuma abantu bari mu murwi bagaca barondera ikindi cicaro kigaragara.

6. Subiramwo ako gakino gutyo uwariwe wese arafise uburenganzira bwo kugenda, agasohora ijwi canke agatwenga.

Ubu dufise inguvu,reka dutangure icigwa cacu.


1. Umu Promoteur akwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’umuremeshakiyago wese nk’ukovyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu Cigwa ca Kane (igitabu ca 1).



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1. Agakino: inkorora,ibicurane no kwasamura- iminota 10


Inkuru: Ikintu kibi (Isanamu 5.1) – iminota 10

3. Inkuru Soma inkuru ku rupapuro rwa36 ku gicapo.

Igihe c’imvura kirageze, Biguvu nawe atanguye gukorora. Mu mazuru yiwe huzuye ibiseru. Mu misi mike, Barumwete arumva ko igikaraza ciwe gipfunganye womengo kigomba guharuka igihe coseahemye. Aca ahmagara n’ingoga umukobwa wiwe agaca agereranya no mu bikiriza vy’abandi bariko barahema. “Ikintu kibi, akavuga, dutegerzwa gutwara Biguvu kwa muganga!”

4. Gutohoza Soma ibibazo ku rupapuro rwa 36 rwo ku gicapo.

? Ni ibihe bimenyetso biteye ubwoba Barumwete yabonye?

? Ni igiki gitera iyo ndwara?? Nta na rimwe umwana wawe yari bwagire iyo

ngorane? Bitugire ku muriri.

Baza ikibazo ca mbere kugira usubiremwo ibimenyetso biteye ubwoba vyabonywe na Barumwete.

o Barumwete yabonye ko mu gikaraza c’umwana hagomba guharuka igihe cose ahemye. Yagereranije igikaraza c’umwana wiwe ariko arahema no mu gikaraza c’umukobwa wiwe ariko arahema. Aca abona ko “hari ikintu kitameze neza.”

o Mu gihe umuvyeyi abonye ko “hari ikintu kibi” canke kitahahora, ico ni ikmenyetso kibi.

Baza ikibazo ca kabiri kugira wumve ko abagore bemera ibituma mu gikaraza haharuka.

o Mu gihe umwana yanduye imigera y’indwara yo mu gikaraza, ikintu ca mbere ni ukwanira. Ni ukuvuga yuko igikaraza,kirengera imbavu uko umwana ahema. Ico ni ikmenyetso c’imigera y’indwara y’igikaraza (umusonga).

o Biterwa n’imigera ica mu myenge y’amazuru canke mu muhogo. Ubwo bwoko bw’umugera burakara cane iyo ubushuhe hari ubushuhe bupfuvye.

Baza ikibazo ca nyuma kugira wumve ingene inkuru z’abagore ingene bavuye abana babo igihe bafatwa n’iyo ndwara.

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o Iyo umwana afise umusonga,ni ukumutwara ubwo nyene kwa muganga kugira bamuhe umuti mponyamigera.



Ibimenyetso vy’umusonga(Isanamu 5.2) – iminota 5

5. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi kudondora ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa39.





Guhemagirika ni ikimenyetso c’umusonga.o Umwana arahemagirika nk’uko yoba ahejeje kwiruka.o Umwana ntariko ahema nk’uko yahora.o Umusonga niindwara ifatira mu gikaraza c’umwana.

Uguheme udashikana nico kimenyetso c’umusonga.o Raba munsi nyenizina y’imbavu z’umwana.o Igikaraza kiravyimba iyo umwana ahemye.o Igikaraza c’umwana ntikinyiganga nk’uko vyahora.

Mu gihe ubonye kimwe muri ivyo bimenyetso,ni uguca ugenda ubwo nyene kwa muganga.o Abana benshi baricwa n’umusonga iyo batawuvuye n’ingoga.o Ni ukuja kwa muganga uwo musi nyene.o Nta kurindira ko umwana atora mitende.o Umwana akenera umuti kugira akire umusonga.

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Ayandi makuru ku wigishaGuhema udashikana Uguhema udashikana(akanira) mugabo vyoroheje ni ibisanzwe ku bana bakiri

bato kubera amagufa yo mu gikaraza aba yoroshe.Mugabo,iyo bikomeye guhema adashikana(kugeza aho biboneka) kiba ari ikimenyetso c’umusonga.

Akanira kaza iyo umwana akoresheje inguvu mu guhema kurusha uko vyahora.

Mu guhema bisanzwe,mu nda haraduga hakongera hakamanuka umwana ariko arahema.Iyo mu ruhagi (ni ukvuga aha munsi y’imbavu) hatibiye umwana ariko arahema, ako ni akanira.

Igihe akanira kibonekeje gusa umwana ariko ararira canke ariko arafungura,ico si ikimenyetso giteye ubwoba.iyo akanyuzi kari hagati y’imbavu z’iburyo n’iz’ibubamfu kavuyeho igihe umwana ariko arahema,aho nta giteye ubwoba kiba kirimwo.

Igitigiri c’abana bapfa Kw’isi yose,umusonga urica abana benshi kurusha izindi ndwara-kurusha

SIDA,marariya, n’agasama kavanze. 20% vy’impfu z’abana bari munsi y’imyaka 5 biba bitewe n’imigera itera

indwara zo guhema nabi(umusonga,bronshite). Nyinshi muri izo mpfu (18% kuri 20%) ziva ku musonga.

Ibiharuro vy’urufatiro – Inkorora Dufatiye hamwe, 90% vy’abana bararwaye inkorora mu guhema banyarutsa

canke bigoranye kandi ibimenyetso biboneka ku ca kabiri c’abana ,ku rugero rurenze mu Ruyigi (33,2%), kubera ingorane zo mu gikaraza no kwimyira cane.

Kuri abo bana bose berekanye uguhema banyarutsa,hafi 50% baratwaye kubonana n’umukozi wo kwa muganga.

Ugukinga umusonga (isanamu 5.3) – iminota 5

7. Erekana: Saba abvyeyi kudondora ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 41.



c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

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Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse isanamu ijana na buri ngingo.

Karaba intoke zawe n’iz’umuwana wawe n’isabuni mu gukinga umusonga.o Isabuni yica imigera iri mu ntoke.o Mu gihe udafise isabuni, koresha umunyota mu gukaraba intoke.o Imiryango ikoresha isabuni mu gukaraba igira indwara nke.

Ni ukwonsa gusa umwana amezi 6 akwiye kugira umukingire umusonga.o Umwana anyway amazi akongera agafungura imbere y’amezi 6

ashobora kurwara umusonga bitagoranye.o Abana batonkejwe bihagije barakunda gukarirwa n’umusonga.o Bandanya wonsa gushitsa imyaka 2 canke irenga.o Iyo umwana yonka afise umusonga,biramworohera gukira.

? Ni ibihe bihe nyamukuru umuntu akwiye gukarabirako?o Imbere yo gufungurao Imbere yo gutekao Uhejeje gukoresha akazu ka surwumweo Uhejeje gutegura umwana

Ayandi makuru ku wigishaIgitigiri c’imigera y’indwara Abana nibo bakunda gukarirwa n’imigera itera indwara zo guhumeka kurusha

abakuze. Urugero ni uko umwana usanga agira kuva kuri 3 gushika 8 y’imigera itera indwara zo guhumeka nabi ku mwaka.

Ibikorwa vyo gukinga biragabanya cane igitigiri c’imigera itera iyo ndwara ku mwaka.

Kwonsa vyonyene Kwonsa vyonyene birashobora kugabanya ibitigiri vy’abana barware

umusonga kuva kuri 15 gushika 23 %.22

Gukaraba intoke Mu cigwa biheruka,imiryango ifise abana bari munsi y’imyaka 5 baronse

isabuni zo gukaraba kandi ivyo vyo gukaraba vyaragabanije umusonga gushitsa ku bice 50% ,Ibice 53% navyo vyaragabanutse ku gucibwamwo kurusha imiryango itaronse izo sabuni.23

22Niessen L W, Hove ten AC, Hilderink HH, W3ber M, Mulholland K, Ezzati M. Comparative Impact Assessment of child pneumonia interventions. Bull World Health Organ. 2009; 87 (6):472-8.23Luby, Stephen P., Mubina Agboatwalla, Daniel R Feikin, John Painter, Ward Billhimer MS, Arshad Altaf, Robert M Hoekstra.Effect of handwashing on child health: a randomized controlled trial. The Lancet. Vol 366, July 16, 2005 Available: http://www.aku.edu/CHS/pdf/SoapHealth_ARI_Lancet_Man.pdf

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http://www.aku.edu/CHS/pdf/SoapHealth_ARI_Lancet_Man.pdf

Kunywera itabi mu nzu (isanamu 5.4) – iminota5

9. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi badondore ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 43.





Ni ukwugurura imyango n’amadirisha mu guteka kugira mwikingire umusonga.o Kunywa itabi bironona amazuru n’umuhogo.o Kunywa itabi bitera gukorora n’imigera y’indwara.o Kugwiza imyango n’amadirisha kugira umwotsi uje hanze.

Kurungika abana hanze iyo uriko urateka.o Abana biroroshe ko barware kurusha abakuze.

Kwigiza abana kure y’umwotsi w’itabi.o Kirazira kunywera indani mu nzu.o Kunywera itabi kure y’abana.o Umwotsi w’tabi uratera imigera y’indwara mu mazuru,mu muhogo

no mu gikaraza.

? Boba abagore benshi basohora abana babo hanze iyo bariko barateka? Kubera iki canke kubera iki batabikora?

? Boba abagore banywa itabi iyo bariko baronsa canke iyo bateruye abana ?Ivyo bontu mubona ari vyiza ku magara?

Ayandi makuru ku wigaImigera y’indwara iterwa no kwononekara kw’ikirere no guhema

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Gukwega umwotsi w’itabi bwigwiza na kabiri ibituma hatera umusonga be n’iyindi migera itera indwara zo guhema ku bana bafise munsi y’imyaka 5.

Abagore bari ahantu hari umwotsi w’itabi uburyo bwo gushobora kurwara bronhite canke emphysema bwigwiza na gatatu,kurusha umugore atekesha umuyagankuba,umwuka wo gucana canke ibitoro .

Gutekesha amakara bigwiza na kabiri gushobora kurwara kansera yo mu gitigu,na canecane ku bagore.24

Kwatsa Mu kwagura utudirisha ducamwo akayaga mu nzu za kera nko muri

Kenya,utwotsi dusigara mu muyaga twaragabanutse gushika ku bice 60%.46

Umwotsi w’itabi Abana bafise ba nyina babo banywa itabi bashobora guterwa ku bice 50%

n’imigera y’indwara zo guhema ku mwaka wa mbere ubagereranije n’abana bafise ba nyina babo batanywa itabi.

Abana bafise ba nyina babo banywera itabi mu cumba kimwe bashobora guterwa gushika ku bice 56% n’imigera y’indwara zo guhema ugereranije n’abana ba nyina babo banywera itabi mu vyumba bitandukanye.

11. Igikorwa: Guhemagirika– iminota 15

Ibikoresho: Isaha canke iterefone ngendanwa yerekana amasegonda. Ibitandara vy’amabuye 7 canke ibiharage

1. Gufasha abavyeyi gutora abahemagirika n’abafise akanira katarakara mu gusubiramwo indangurakintu no gupima abana bari mu murwi.

2. Akanira:a. Gusubiramwo indangurakintu: Umubiri ukikuje imbavu uritera iyo umwana

ahemye. b. Saba abavyeyi kuduza amashati y’abana babo batarashitsa amezi 5.

Kubaraba neza kugira ubabone igihe bahemye.c. Raba igikaraza cabo ingene kiduga n’ingene kimanuka.

? Hari n’umwe mwabonye afise akanira?? Saba abavyeyi berekane n’urutoke mu gikaraza c’abana babo aho babona

indihaguzi.

3. Guhemagirika:a. Subirawo indangurakintu: umwana ariko arahema anyarutsa kurusha uko

yahora. Ahema kurusha umwana avuye kwiruka.

24 Fuel for Life: Household Energy and Health WHO (2006)

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b. Bwira abavyeyi kuraba bakongera bakumviriza ingene umwana ahemagirika igihe umwana aruhutse. Igihe umwana ariko arahema anyarutsa ariko ararira canke hari ikimukabuye aho nta ngorane iba irimwo,si uguhemagirika .

c. Kwerekana ko umwana ariko arahema anyarutsa,ugaca urondera n’uwundi akomeye afise mu mezi 6 angana n’uwo wawe uce uraba ko bahumeka ku rugero rumwe. Menya: Urugero rusanzwe rwo guhumeka ruhinduka bivanye n’imyaka.

d. Umukozi wo mu magara y’abantu A health worker can identify fast breathing using a watch and counting the child’s breath. If a mother notices that her child is breathing fast as if he has been running, she should take the child to the health center.

Igikorwa(Atari itegeko): guharura ako ummuntu ahemye

Guhimiriza abavyeyi kuja n’ingoga kwa muganga mu gihe biketse ko umwana yoba ahemagirika. Mugabo, namba baba hafi y’umuremeshakiyago, barashobora gusaba umuremeshakiyago agaharura kangahe ahumetse ubwambere kugira yemeze ko umwana arwaye umusonga.Iyo nsiguro isanzwe izofasha abavyeyi n’abaremeshakiyago gutora neza uguhemagirika.

3. Tora abantu babiri bavyishakiye n’umwana mutoyi ari munsi y’amezi 24. (Kumenya ko umwana atekereje. Niyo umwana yatangura kurira canke akamera nk’uwanka, ntushobora guharura uko ahema.)

4. Gusaba umwe muri bamwe bavyishakira kuduza ishati y’umwana kugira ace araba ingene ahema. Ca umusaba aharure uko ahema. Aharura igihe cose igikraza ciduza mu gihe umwana ahemye.

5. Saba uwavyishakiye agira kabiri kuraba imisegonda n’iminota vyo kw’isaha (canke terefone ngendanwa) ashaka gutangaza umwanya,gusigura igihe umunota utangurira(imisegonda iri kuri 00) hanyuma igihe umunota uheze(imisegonda aba ari 60).

Sigura:6. Uwubishaka wa mbere aja gutangura guharura guhema igihe umuvyeyi afise

isaha (canke terefone ngendanwa) amubwiye gutangura. 7. Aja guharura avuga cane, igihe cose umana yinjije impwemu. Uwundi

muvyeyi wo mu murwi aramufasha guharura. Mu maboko yiwe aja kuba agumije amabuye 7.

8. Araharura ako ahemye (yinjiza impwemu) mu murwi w’abantu cumi. Mu gihe azoba ashitse kuri10, aca ashira ibuye rimwe hasi. Arabandanya guharura ahereye kuri 1 akabandanya gushitsa kuri 10 kandi. Igihe cose ashitse kuri 10, aca ashira ibuye rimwe hasi.

9. Mu gihe imisegonda 60 (umunota 1)iheze, aca aharura igitigiri c’amabuye ari hasi. (ntaba agisubira gushira ibuye na rimwe hasi kiretse yashikije uguhema She does not place any more rocks on the ground unless she has 10 igihe umunota wari wahindutse.)

10.Igihe abavyeyi bahejeje gukoresha igicapo kiri aha hepfo cerekana ko umwana ahema anyarutsa ufatiye ku myaka afise.

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11.Igihe umwana ahema anyarutsa bifatiye ku myaka afsie,umuvyeyi yoca amutwara ubwo nyene kwa muganga.

Imyaka y’umwana GuhemagirikaAmavuka – ukwezi 1 n’imisi 26 Amabuye 6 canke arenga ( guhema

incuro 60 )

Amezi 2 –amezi 11 Amabuye 5 canke arenga (guhema incuro 50 )

Amezi 12 -amezi 60 Amabuye 4 canke arenga( guhema incuro40 )

12. Gucaca – iminota10





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15. Kwiyemeza─ iminota 2



Akarorero: Nzoshira umwana wanje ku muti ni nabona ahemagirika canke ahema

dashitsa. Ndiyemeje gukaraba intoke no gukarabisha umwana wanje imbere yo

gufungura,imbere yo gutegura imfungurwa n’inyuma yo gukoresha akazu ka surwumwe.

Ndiyemeje gusohora abna hanze iyo ndiko ndateka kugira ndabakingire umusonga.

Ndiyemeje kutanywa itabi nteruye umwana.

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Baza umuvyeyi wese umwe ku wundi ku vyerekeye ivyemezo vyabo.

? Ni ikihe cemezo cawe co mu cigwa giheze? ? None ico cemezo waragikwirikije? Gute – Wkoze iki?

o Yoba uwo ari we wese(umugabo,umunyokuru canke umwana)yarabiroyemwo canke yarakubujije ngo ntushire mu ngiro ivyo wiyemeje?tera inkuru y’ingene vyagenze?

o Ni ibiki vyagusunitse(abantu,ibihe canke ibikorwa)mu buzima bwawe bitakworohera gukwirikiza ivyo wiyemeje?

o Wabigenjeje gute kugira uve muri izo ngorane?

Mu guhereheza baza umuvyeyi wese umwe ku wundi ivyo yakoze muri izi ndwi zibiri ziheze: Wakoze iki muri izi ndwi zibiri ziheze mu kwikingira ugucibwamwo? Ni ibihe bimenyetso biteye ubwoba vyo gucibwamwo? Woba warabonye

ibimenyetso biteye ubwoba vyo gucibwamwo muri izi ndwi zibiri ziheze? Uzokora iki ubonye ivyo bimenyetso?

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Icigwa ca 6: umurima urimwo ivyo guteka: Gutera inzuzi

Abavyeyi baratora ikibanza cegereye aho baba na nyabarega yo gutamwo ivyo guteka bakuye mu murima.

o Bakoresha ibirato n’ibirenge vyabo mu gupima aho hantu h’imitero 3 z’uburebure n’imetero 1 y’ubwaguke (amakanda 4y’ibirato ku makanda 12 y’ibirato).

o Baca bimba nyabarega zibiri hagati y’aho hantu bagaca bimpa basuka ivu inyuma.

o Baca bavanga na nyabarenga iboze bagaca baterera ivu ku musozi. Abavyeyi baca bavomerera aho hantu hari imbuto bagaca bahafuka

n’ibihunda be n’ivyatsi vyumye. Abavyeyi baca bimbura imyungu igihe yeze isa n’umuhondo kandi igumye

inyuma Abavyeyi bazoca bongera umusoma n’umwungu mw’isose no mu musururu

o Ibipande vy’umwungu n’umusoma birimwo ubutare bw’icuma(fer) na ndemamubiri (bikomeza imitsi n’amagufa).

o Birimwo na Vitamine A ikinga imigera y’indwara ikanakinga ukutabona mw’ijoro.

Abagore bibungenze kandi bonsa bogungura inzuzi zikaranze nk’utwuzangwa kugira bahimirize amagara meza y’abana n’abavyeyi.25

o Ibi bintu bikomeza amraso,inyama n’amagufa kandi bifasha umwana na nyina gukura neza mu gihe c’imbanyi.

Iibikoresho:1. Ibitabu vyo kwandikamwo abitavye ibikorwa 2. Igicapo c’umuremeshakiyago

Incamake: agakino:Gutera umurima Ukwitaba no gukiranura Gusangira inkuru ukongera ukabaza inyifato zikunda gushika:Ivyigwa

vy’ingirakamaro

25From our LDM study, we discovered that mothers who consumed retinol, B6, and protein rich foods during lactation had more well-nourished children. Roasted pumpkin and squash seeds are a good source of protein (body building foods) and iron (for strong blood) and some zinc. Roasted seeds are also being promoted as a healthy snack for pregnant and lactating mothers. Pumpkin flesh, leaves, and flowers are a good source of Vitamin B6, protein (leaves only), Vitamin A, iron and folate (important for fetal development).

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Erekana amasanamu mwongere muganire ku butumwa nyamukuru buri ku mpapuro za 46-51 ziri ku gicapo:Gutegura isi,Gutera inzuzi no kuzimbura.

Igikorwa:Gukaranga inzuzi Gutohoza ku nzitizi zishoboka Kubamenyesha ku nyishu zishoboka kuri izo nzitizi Gukora no gukwirikiranwa mu mirwi igizwe na babiribabiri Gusaba icemezo Gupima ivyemezo n’inyifato bijanye n’icigwa giheruka

1. Agakino:Gutera umurima - iminota 10

1. Aka ni agakino ko kutibagira. Abagore bagize umurwi wanyu bategerezwa kwibuka vyose abandi bagore bavuze kandi bakanabisubiramwo.

2. Saba umwe wese ngo ahagarare mu muzingi, harimwo n’umwigisha. 3. Umwigisha atangura avuga, »Ndagiye gutera umurima kandi ndiko ndatera

(kandi icamwa canke imboga azobitera).»4. Nta nyishu n’imwe atariyo muri aka gakino. Abagore bashobora gutera ico

bashaka cose. Uruhara runini n’urw’abagore bategerezwa kugerageza kwibuka ibindi bikoresho vyataziriwe n’abandi mu murwi kandi bakabisubiramwo ku murongo.

5. akarorero, «Ngiye gutera umurima kandi ndiko ntera inyanya.” 6. Umugore ari mu buryo bw’uwigisha ategerezwa gusubiramwo akajambo

ukongerako n’ikindi kintu. Akarorero, «Ngiye gutera umurima kandi ngiye gutera inyanya n’ibitunguru.”

7. Bandanya na buri mugore wese mu muzingi wongereko ikindi kintu gishasha ku rutonde.

8. (Optional) iyo umugore yibagiye canke akavuga ibintu mu rutonde rutari rwo, ategerezwa guca ava mu muzingi. Bandanya gushika aho hasigara mu muzingi umugore umwe gusa.

9. Bandanya wongerako ibintu bishasha kugeza aho urutonde ruba runinikugira umuntu yibuke!

Ubu dufise inguvu,reka dutangure.


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Inkuru: ivyigwa vy’ingirakamaro (Isanamu 6.1) – 10 iminota

3.Inkuru Soma inkuru iri ku rupapuro rwa 44 rwo ku gicapo.

Barumwete ariko aratera inzuzi mu murima uri hafi y’inzu yiwe. Nk’uko imiribo itanguye gukura,aca atera abana biwe inkuru. “Naragize ingorane iguhe nari ndagufise mu mbanyi,abwira Mvuyekure. Namana amagara make nkaguma ndushe nkongera nkama ndwaye. Ndazi ko ubu mfungura umusoma, inzuzi n’imyungu ko nikingira ingorane nyinshi. Inyigisho twaronse zimeze nk’izi nzuzi. Ni inzuzi ntonto,ariko mu misi mikeua zizokura bibe ibiterwa binini bizokwuzura isi kandi bikavamwo ivyamwa vyiza ku muryango wacuy.

4. Gutohoza Soma ibibazo ku rupapuro rwa 44 rwo ku gicapo. Baza ibibao bibiri vya mbere kugira usubire urabe inyungu ku magara zitewe

n’umwungu. o Muri iyo nkuru, Barumwete yerekana ko gufungura inzuzi,umusoma

n’umwungu vyari kumufasha kumukingira integer nke ziwe igihe yari afise imbanyi(gukama amraso).

o Ibi bivuga ko imyungu ikomeza amaraso n’amagufa (ni isoko ryiza ry’ubutare bw’icuma(fer)). Imyungu iranafise Vitamine A ifasha kubona neza.

o Iyo yari kuba yarongeyemwo zino mfungurwa mu gufungura kwiwe,yari kugira amagara meza kandi agahindura .

Baza ikibazo kigira kabiri muharire ingeneinyigisho ziri ku igicapo zimeze nk’imbuto bateye mu murima.

o Inyigisho z’amagara meza zimeze nk’imbuto batera mu murima. Mu gihe umugore afashe izo nyigisho yaronse ahkazikoresha,amagara yiwe n’y’umuryango wiwe azomera neza vyongere bifashe n’abandi.

o Nk’akarorero, iyo umugore afunguye neza afise imbanyi,umana wiwe azogira ubuzima bwiza,arware gake,yorohereze umuryango gukora

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rwose,baronke umusesekara gutyo n’abana bose bashobore kuja kw’ishure.

o Mu gihe umugore afasheingingo yo kudakwirikirana inyigisho,akana kiwe kazovuka konze,kagorane mu gukura,asabe kuvurwa kenshi,atume abantu badakora kandi ntnibimbure,bitume abana bataja no kw’ishure.

Baza ikibazo ca nyuma wumve ibihe biterwa bakunda kurima mu mirima yabo. Raba ko boba bazi akamaro k’ibiterwa batoye. Barima ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibifungurwa bizoteza imbere amagara y’abana babo?



? Imyungu izanira amagara meza gute abana n’abavyeyi babo?

? Ivyigwa mwaronse bias gute n’imbuto?? Ibiterwa mutera mu ndimo zanyu biteza imbere gute

amagara yanyu n’ay’abana banyu?

Gutegura isi(Isanamu 6.2) – 5 iminota

5. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi kudondora ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 47.





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Mu gihe c’umukubezi,tora ahantu humutse hegerye inzu yawe na nyabarega. Ku myungu,hari hakwiye kungana n’intambwe 12 z’uburebure be n’intambwe 4 z’ubwaguke.

o Ivu ntirikwiye kuba rishanye rwose canke ngo habe mu mwonga.o Ivu ryategerezwa kuronka umuco ukwiye nk’igice cose c’umusi.o Umurima wegereye inzu yawe utuma vyoroha kwegeranya imisigazwa

y’ivyo batetse babijanayo.o Imyungu ikuza imiribo kandi ikenera ahantu hanini irandarandira.o Gutambuka umurima wambaye ibirato.o Gupima umurima ukoresheje intambwe 4 z’ubwaguke n’intambwe 12

z’uburebure.o Mu gutera inzuzi (shiramwo amezi hano) igihe ubushuhe

bugereranye.26

Kurima isi kugira yorohe.Gushiramwo umwavu wa nyabarega.o Umwavu wa nyabarega ni imfungurwa nziza y’isi.o Mu gihe udafise nyabarega, vanga mitoto y’ibitoke.o Isi yoroshe ituma imizi yinjira rwose.o Isi yoroshe ituma amazi anyengetera mw’ivu.

Amakuru yiyongera ku wigisha:Uburebure bw’ingene batera Imyungu ikenera hafi ikibanza c’imetero 1 kugira yerekeza mu karere kayo.

Uburebure bw’ibirato bine (hafi cm 27) ni nk’imetero 1. Umurima wabwirizwa kuba ari nk’imetero 1 kuri 3. Inzuzi ziterwa hagati

y’ibinogo bibiri mw’itongo. Kuvanga mu gutera Imyungu barashobora kuyitera hamwe n’ibigori,ibiharage,isereri,ibitunguru

canke ubushaza. Nturime imyungu hamwe n’ibiraya ,kuko igiterwa kitokura neza.

Imyungu irakurana neza n’ibigori hamwe n’ibiharage vy’ibiremberwa. Ikigoro ni ikirembezo ciza ku biharage biremberwa,ibiharage biratombora uburyohe buva ku mwungu mw’ivu(nitrogen),imyungu nayo itanga urubabibabi rwinshi rugaca rufuka isi kugira rufuke ivyatsi bibi kandi bikigizayo udukoko turya ibiterwa kure y’ibigori.

26

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Imfungurwa ziri mu mwungu Inzuzi zikaranze be n’imihiti ni isoko ndemamubiri(ibifungurwa bikomeza

umubiri) n’ivyunyunyu vya fer(bikomeza amaraso). Birafise na zinc nkeya. Imyungu,umusoma n’amashurwe ni isoko nziza ya Vitamine B6, ndemamubiri

(amababi gusa), Vitamine A, ubutare bwa fer na folate (important for fetal development).

Gutera inzuzi(isanamu 6.3) – 5 iminota

7. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi kudondora ivyo babona ku masanamu biri ku rupapuro 49.





Kuca ibundi mw’itongo. Kwimba ibinogo 2 vy’intambwe zine kimwe hagati y’ikindi.Ugaca ushiramwo imbuto 2 mu kinogo kimwe ugaca ufuka n’ivu.o Gutera imbuto hejuru ntuje munsi cane.o Aho wogarukiriza mu kuja munsi ntiworenza aho urutoke rwawe

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rugera.o Kuvomera aho uhejejej gutera.o Izo mbuto zose zikuze, wokuraho urwakuze nabi.o Inzuzi zibiri zizovamwo imyungu myinshi.

Gusasira isi n’ivytsi canke ibihunda.Ni ugukura ivyatsi bibi biriko biraduga kuri iryo bundi.o Ni uguca urekeza ivyo vyatsi waranduye aho nyene mu murima.o Ivytsi n’imitoto bikingira ivu gutwarwa.o Ivyatsi n’imitoto bituma isi iguma ibomvye.o Vyongerza uburyohe bw’isi ku biterwa.o Bituma isi idaturagazwa n’uruzuba.

? Ni vyiza kuvomera imbuto canke ni ukurindira imvura?o Ni ukuvomera imbuto mu gihe isi yumye cane rwose.o Ni ukurindira isi igasubira ikuma kandi imbere yuko uvomera.o Isi iyo ishanye canye ,imbuto ntizikura.

Ukwimbura imyungu (Isanamu 6.4) – 5 iminota

9. Erekana: Saba abo bavyeyi badondore ivyo babona ku masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa

51.





Guca imitwe y’inzuzi iba yakuze ikarengera umurima.o Imitwe y’inzuzi irandarara n’ingoga.

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o Gututurira bituma igiterwa gikura kimerewe neza.o Umusoma urimwo vitamine A and n’ivyunyunyu vy’icuma (fer).

Gusoroma umwugu igihe udunuje kandi usa n’umuhondo impande zose.o Ni ugusigaza igitsina kugira ntubore.o Iyo inyuma ku mwungu horoshe, uba utarera.o Umwungu basoromye urashobora kumara indwi 1 canke 2.

Kwongera umwungu mu musururu.Inzuzi zikaranze ni utwuzango twiza ku bavyeyi bibungenze kandi bonsa.o Kura inzuzi mu mwungu.o Kuzikaranga mpaka zigasha kugeza aho zitukuriza.o Kumemeramwo umunyu.o Nta guha inzuzi abana bato.Zobamerera nabi.

Amakuru yiyongera ku wigishaGututurira Ibiterwa birandaranda bishobora kwuzura umurima wose. Gututurira

ibiterwa,guca umutwe inyuma y’igiterwa,guharura gushika kuw’ibabi rya gatatu ugaca ukatira aho nyene.

Imbuto n’abana. Mu kugaburira inzuzi abana, zishobora kugoma mu muhogo ivyo bigaca bitera ingorane.

11. Igikorwa: Inzuzi zikaranze – iminota30

Ibikoresho: umungu Imbugita Indobo n’igikombe vy’amazi Umucanwa wo guteka Isorori ryo gukarangamwo umunyu Amavuta(si mpaka aboneke)

Gukaranga inzuzi1. Gusaba abagore gukaraba intoke imbere yo gukora ku mwungu.2. Gukata umwungu ugaca ukurayo imbuto ziriyo zose n’amaboko.3. Gutandukanya inzuzi n’umwungu hamwe n’intimatima.

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4. Kuronga imbuto mw’isorori y’amazi kugira ukuremwo intimatima.5. (si itegeko)Kwongeramwo agakombe k’amazi mu nzuzi zironze.

Kuvangavanga izo nzuzi mu ntoke zawe zirimwo amavuta kugeza aho zikwirwa zose.

6. Gukaranga imbuto kugeza aho zitangura guturagurika kugeza aho zihishira.7. Kumemeramwo umunyu.8. Kurindira izo nzuzi zigahoraItwo ni utwuzango twiza cane ku bagore

bibungenze be n’abonsa. Ni ukuzirya rero nk’utwuzango. 9. Ariko izo nzuzi nta kuziha abana kuko zirabaniga .

Kurima (si mpaka bibe kiretse umwanya ubonetse)1. Kwereka abagore ingene bapima itongo bakoresheje intambuko.

a. Gusaba abgore kuraba hirya no hino y’itongo kugira batore ahantu heza boshira igikoni.

b. Bari bakwiye kuraba itongo riri hafi y’imuhira na hafi ya nyabarega mu gihe yoba ihari.

c. Bari bakwiye gutora ahantu hashikirwa n’akazuba.d. Bari bakwiye gutora ahantu hadakunda gutega amazi canke

ahantu mu mwonga.2. Saba uwubishaka ngo apime itongo atambuke intambwe z’ahoazotera inzuzi.

a. Atambuka atumbereje umurongo n’amaguru yiwe (amano akora ku gitsintsiri) akagira intambwe 12 hanyuma agahindukira agaca agira intambwe 4.aca agaruka atambuka intambwe 12 na 4 kugira ngo akwize itongo ry’urukiramende.

b. Inyishu ibibazo ku vyerekeye ugutera inzuzi.

12. Gucaca – 10 iminota



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13. Gutomora – 5 iminota











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Akarorero: Niyemeje kuzorima itongo riri hafi y’inzu yanje ndahagire umurima mutoyi. Niyemeje kurima imyungu mu murima wanje. Niyemeje kuzohora nteka umusoma n’imyungu ku mfungurwa nahora

ntegurira umuryango. Niyemeje kuzohora nkaranga inzuzi nkongera nkazirya nk’utwuzango.


Baza umuvyeyi wese umwe ku wundi ivyo yiyemeje.

? Wiyemeje iki mu cigwa giheruka? ? None icemezo cawe waragikurikije? Gute –Wakoze iki?

o Hari uwundi muntu (umugabo, umunyokuru canke abana) yoba yarabiroyemwo canke akakubwira ngo ntukwirikize ico cemezo cawe? Tera iyo nkuru uvuge ingene vyagenzel?

o Ni ibihe bituma (abantu, ibihe canke ibikorwa) mu buzima bwawe vyatumye ivyemezo vyawe bikugora?

o None izo ngorane washoboye kuzivamwo gute?

Mu kurangiza Saba umuvyeyi wese umwe ku wundi asigure ku vyo yaranguye muri izi ndwi zibiri ziheze: Wakoze iki muri izi ndwi zibiri ziheze mu kwikingira umusonga? Ni ibihe bimenyetso bibiri biteye ubwoba vy’umusonga?

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ivyigwa1-6 vy’imbere n’inyuma y’ibibazo

Ibibazo bibiri bijanye na buri cigwa bishikirijwe ngaho musi. Imbere n’inyuma yo kwigisha ibi vyigwa ku bakozi no ku bigisha, tanga akabazo ko guherezako kugira ngo urabe urugero batahuyeko. Ku baronse ibice 75% canke batabikwije (boba bafise n’iburiburi inyishu icenda z’ukuri), ongera ubahe izindi nyigisho kugira ngo ubafashe gutahura ivyigishijwe. Abigisha nabo ntibogerageza kwigisha abandi mu gihe nabo nyene boba batarashobora kuronka 75% canke kubirenza.

1. Ni ibihe bimenyetso muri ibi bikwirikira vyerekana ko ari umwumumira?

a. Kurira ata mosozi, umubiri ukweduka no kubabara mu mushishitob. Gusambagirika,mu ruhorihori haravoba,arakorora kenshic.Umubiri uwukweze umara amasegonda menshi ukiri kwa kundi,umwana ntaryama,kandi aguma afise ibiseru.d. Kurira ntagire amosozi,umubiri uwukweze uguma kwa kundi imisegonda myinshi,mu ruhorihori haguma hadidagizwa.

2. Birashoboka kwikingira ugukama amazi? Tora inyishu ibereye (imwe gusa).

a. Ego,umuvyeyi arashobora gusubiriza amazi yakamye mu mubiri.b.Oya, igihe umwana arwaye gucibwamwo ca akama amazi.c. Oya, gukama amazi ni ibisanzwe iyo umwana ariko arakura.d. Ego, ariko bisaba umuti utanzwe na muganga.

3. Wovanga n’amazi angina gute agapaki kamwe k’ivyunyunyu?______________________________________

4. Ni ibihe muri ibi bifungurwa bikurikira mutoha umwana akiri muto mu gihe acibwamwo canke adahwa?

a. Inyama zisekuye canke ziseye be n’indagara b. Amabereberec. Ibiyoba n’inzuzid. Isupu n’umusururue. Irengarenga n’imikerera

5. Umwana arwaye yari akwiye kuronswa utwuzango n’amaberebere kangahe? Tora inyishu ibereye (imwe gusa).

a. Ku musi wa mbere n’uwa kabiri w’indwara be n’imisi ibiri ya mbere umwana yakize.

b. Mu misi itatu umwana yakize.

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c. Buri musi wose igihe umwana arwaye n’amayinga abiri umwana yarakize.

d. Buri musi igihe umwana arwaye

6. Nivyo canke Sivyo. Guhimiriza umwana gufungura yaba ashonje canke adashonje birakingira gufungura nabi kandi bigatuma umwana agira amagara meza.

7. Vuga ibintu bibiri vyerekana ibimnyetso biboneka vyo gucibwamwo.

a. ________________________________________

b. ________________________________________

8. Igihe umwana arembejwe no gucibwamwo,womuha umuti uwuhe?a.Umuti yandikiwe na muganga,ivyunyunyu canke zinc.b.Umuti mponyamigera c. Imfungurwa ndemamubiri (inyama, amagi n’ifi) d.Ifu y’amakara

9.Vuga ibimenyetso bibiri biboneka vy’umusonga(indwara yo mu gikaraza)

a. ________________________________________

b. ________________________________________

10. Muri ibi bikorwa vyose bikurikira birakinga imigera itera indwara yo mu gikaraza kiretse kimwe. Tora igikorwa kimwe kidashobora gukinga umusonga (imigera y’indwara itera igikaraza)?

a. Kugabanya kunywera itabi mu nzub. Kwonsa vyonyenec. Gukaraba n’isabuniD.kunywa inzoga

11. Ni ibihe muri ibi bikwirikira vyerekana ingene batera inzuzi?

a. Gutera imbuto mw’ibundi riri mw’itongo ryuzuya amazi. b. Gutera inzuzi ku murongo,ukagira intambuko imwe hagati y’imbuto

n’iyindi.Gufuka n’akamwanya.c. Gutera inzuzi ntuje indani kure mw’ivu hanyuma ugaca ufuka n’ubwatsi

canke n’ibihunda .

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d. Kunuga inzuzi zishika nka 10 mw’ivu. Kumemerako umwavu wo muri nyabarega ku nzuzi ugaca ufuka n’ivyatsi.

12. Ni ibihe muri ibi bikwirikira bitemewe?

a. Kwongeramwo umusoma ku musururu. b. Gukata umwungu mu gihe woroshe kandi utanguye gusa n’umuhondo. c. Gukaranga inzuzi z’utwuzango ku bagore bibungenze n’abonsa. d. Gutabira umurima n’umwavu wa nyabarega.

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Documents

Icigwa ca 1: Umwumira n’impanuka zawo - Care Groups Info | …caregroupinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/201… · Web view · 2014-10-17Umwitwarariko ku bijanye n’ukwandura imigera