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teknik mesin pada mata kuliah pilihan
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Ir. TRI TJAHJONO, MT/INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
INTRODUCTION
1. HEAT ENGINE (MESIN KALOR)
A heat engine is a device which transforms the chemical energy of fuel into thermal
energy and uses this energy to produce mechanical work. Heat engine are divided into two
broad classes (2 kelompok besar):
(a) External combustion engines, and
(b) Internal combustion engines.
External combustion engines :
The product of combustion of air and fuel transfer heat to second fluid which is the working
fluid of the cycle.
Example:
Steam Turbine
Steam Engine:
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STEAM TURBINE
Ir. TRI TJAHJONO, MT/INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Gas Turbine:
Internal combustion engines :
2. CLASSIFICATION:
Classification of heat engines
IC engine classification
The IC engine can be classified on the basis of cycle operation in cylinder, type of ignition,
etc.
On the basis of cycle operation:
1. Otto cycle engines (spark-ignition or SI engines), and Diesel cycle engines
(compression ignition or CI engines).
2. Four-strokes engines and two-stroke engines (both SI and CI engines)
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Ir. TRI TJAHJONO, MT/INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Further classification of spark-ignition engines:
(a) On the basis of fuel used: Gas engines and petrol engines.
(b) On the basis of method of supply of fuel:
1. Carbureted types:
Fuel supplied through carburetor.
2. Injection type:
(ii) Fuel injected into inlet ports or inlet manifold.
(iii) Fuel injected into the cylinders before ignition.
(c) On the basis of method of ignition: Battery ignition and magneto-ignition.
Further classification of compression-ignition engines:
(i) Normally type, using liquid fuel, i.e. light diesel oil (LDO), high speed diesel oil
(HSD), heavy oil
(ii) Dual-fuel type, using liquid fuel for ignition, with supplementary gaseous fuel,
either injected or carbureted.
3. PART OF ENGINE:
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Cylinder volume, V
Clearance volume, Vc
Stroke volume, VS
Top dead center, TDC
Bottom dead center, BDCConnecting rod
Crank
Check ANIMASI
Crank case
Cylinder
Crank pin
Gudgeon or wrist pin
Piston
Suction valve Exhaust valveIntake of suction manifold
Cylinder head
Exhaust manifold
Crank shaft
Ir. TRI TJAHJONO, MT/INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Cylinder volume (V).
The sum of piston swept volume and clearance volume.
Compression ratio (CR or r).
The numerical value of the cylinder volume is divided by the numerical value of the
combustion space volume.
Comparison of four-stroke and two-stroke cycle engines
Comparison of SI and CI engines
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Ir. TRI TJAHJONO, MT/INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
SI Engine Classification by Valve Location
Basic Type of Arrangements
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Ir. TRI TJAHJONO, MT/INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
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