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ICARHMA 2018Annual Meeting

Agenda # 4Tetsuji Okada, JRAIA

Tokyo, JapanOctober 26, 2018

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MissionJRAIA aims to promote and improve production, distribution and consumption of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment and their applied products, as well as auxiliary devices and components, automatic controls and accessories and thereby contribute to the steady development of Japanese industry and the improvement in people's standard of living.

The Japan Refrigeration and Air conditioning Industry Association

Established in 1949 (2019 is the 70th anniversary)

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Staffing

Tetsuji Okada

Toshiyuki Takagi (Panasonic Corporation)

Ichiro Tsubota

Annual BudgetFY2017 832 million yen (approx. USD 7 million )

FY2018 617 million yen (approx. USD 5.5 million)

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MembershipJRAIA members: 168 companies (as of April 2018)(1) Regular members (82 members)

(2) Parent, subsidiary or affiliate company of a regular member, having an intention to join JRAIA's activities. (23 members)

(3) Associate members (63 members):

The business fields of the member companies are :- Air conditioning (residential, commercial, automotive)- Refrigeration (commercial, industrial, transport)- Ventilation - Heat pump system (HP water heaters)- Refrigerants- Parts

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Core Services• Promotion of measures to increase output, distribution, trade and consumption• Establish standards and guideline, and promotion of measures to improve

technologies• Promotion of international exchanges, holding and participating in international

conferences• Participating in and holding expositions and symposiums• Gathering and providing information on domestic and foreign affairs• Research and public relations• Research study of environmental issues and cooperative work for government

measures• Testing and certification of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment and

testing facilities• Other activities to achieve the goal of JRAIA

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Held786 meetings

in FY2017

JRAIA’s Committees

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Whom are you primarily directed by?Chairman: Mr. Toshiyuki Takagi (Panasonic) Vice-Chairman: Ebara, Daikin, Mayekawa, Mitsubishi

Heavy Industries Thermal Systems,Mitsubishi Electric

Board of Directors: 15 companies

President: Tetsuji OkadaSenior Vice President: Ichiro Tsubota

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Top 3 2018-2019 Issues1. Revised Ozone Protection Act in 2018 following “Kigali

Amendment” Action for Mid-long term HFC reduction steps

2. Expand “designated products” categories regulated by “Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons” in 2019 Consideration of alternative refrigerants (as well as energy efficiency of

the product)

3. Continue further risk assessment Risk assessment of A3 refrigerants( for small AC or Built-in Refrigerator) Other product types( Key product :VRF)

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1985 20151990 1995 2005 20102000

Vienna Convention

Montreal Protocol

UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol (COP3)

.Dubai Pathway

.Kigali Amendment

.Paris Agreement(COP21)

Ozone Layer Protection Act

HCFC production regulation starts

HFC introduction

Home Appliance Recycle Act

Fluorocarbon Recovery &Destruction Act

EoL Automotive Recycle Act

Revised Fgas Act ■(2015)

Global

Japan

Amendment

Global Warming Countermeasure Plan■

1) Relation between Global and Japanese Acts

Revised “OLP” Act ■(2018)

1. Timeline of Regulations and Protocols

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“Ozone Layer Protection Act” (revised in 2018)

- Regulation on production and consumption of CFC/HCFC/HFCs (abbr. OLP Act)- National law to be ratified the Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol

“Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons” (revised in 2015)

- Regulation on emission of CFC/HCFC/HFCs (abbr. Fgas Act)- Target GWP and year for each product group

“High Pressure Gas Safety Act” (revised in 2016)

- Regulation on safety of flammable (toxic) gas- Method of safe use of products and refrigerants- A2L refrigerants are included as “particular inert gas”

- Regulation on emission of energy origin CO2

1) Overview2. Regulations relate to F-gases in Japan

“Global Warming Countermeasure Plan” (Cabinet Decision in 2016)

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Designated Products Target GWP（Weighted Average GWP）

Target year

Residential A/Cs (Mini-Split) 750 2018

Commercial A/Cs (Split / smaller than 6HP*) 750 2020

Mobile A/Cs 150 2023

Condensing unit & refrigerating unit 1500 2025

Cold storage warehouses 100 2019Urethane foam 100 2020Dust blowers 10 2019

Regulated by “Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons”

2. Regulations relate to F-gases in Japan2) Regulation of refrigerant by “designated products”

RACHPsectors

* Capacity range of the category is defined as “smaller than 3 tons of refrigeration capacity per day” specified in “Refrigerationsafety Regulation”. The value corresponds to approximately 6 HP models which has a rated cooling capacity of 15kW. The calculation formula of the tonnage can be found in the regulation.

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Designated Products Target GWP（Weighted Average GWP）

Target year

Residential A/Cs (Mini-Split) 750 2018

Commercial A/Cs (Split / smaller than 6HP*) 750 2020

Larger Commercial A/Cs (Split / exclude VRF) 750 2023

Centrifugal (Turbo) Chillers 100 2025

Mobile A/Cs 150 2023Condensing unit & refrigerating unit 1500 2025

Cold storage warehouses 100 2019Urethane foam 100 2020Dust blowers 10 2019

Regulated by “Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons”

2. Regulations relate to F-gases in Japan 2) Regulation of refrigerant by “designated products”

RACHPsectors

Two product categories will be added in April 2019

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62%

52%

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2018

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HFC phase down

NonA5 A5-G1 A5-G2

We are here! 10 yr later 20 yr later 30 yr later

HFC B.L.Non A5

HFC B.L.A5-G1

HFC B.L.A5-G2

%

+HCFC 15% +HCFC 65% +HCFC 65%

Prospect amount of HFC use in Japan.The line can be kept in case the target GWP and year for designated products are met.69%

63%

2. Regulations relate to F-gases in Japan 3) HFC phase down latest status in Japan under Kigali Amendment

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EQUIPMENTEnergy Saving・Energy Efficiency・Emission control on

CO2 basis

REFRIGERANTS

Direct Emission Control· Promotion of recovery· Measures against leakage(proper management of refrigerants)

· Reduction of amount charged into equipment

ALTERNATE REFRIGERANTS

Acceleration to shiftto new refrigerants

・Research of low GWPrefrigerants ・Risk Assessment

Energy Conservation LawTop Runner Program

Act on Rational Use & Proper Management of Fluorocarbons

Home Appliances Recycling Act

EoL Automotie Recycling Act

1) JRAIA’s Vision and Activities on Environmental Conservation3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants

High Pressure Gas Safety Act

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• Low Toxicity• Low FlammabilityS:Safety

• Zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)• Low Global Warming Potential (GWP)

E: EnvironmentPerformance

• High Seasonal Efficiency• Similar performance at high load cooling

E: EnergyEfficiency

• Low Capital Cost• Low Operating Cost

E: EconomicFeasibility

2) Key Concept for Refrigerants Conversion

S+3E

s

3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants

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-60 -40 -20 -10 0 10 20 40 60℃

Industrial RefrigerationRefrigeration

Air ConditioningHeating

NH3(Ammonia)

CO2

Air

Refrigeration Storage/Cryogenic freezing

NH3(Ammonia)

CO2/NH3 Cascade

Commercial RefrigeratorIsobutene

CO2

Vending Machine

Isobutene

Domestic Ref.

CO2

Hot Water system

Isobutene

CO2

Vending Machine(Heat)

HFO

CO2

CAC

HFO

(CO2)

(HC)

ACs

Refrigerant Amount

Large

Small

3) “Refrigerant Candidates Map”

Source :METI

HFO

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3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants

Product Category Number of Unitsin (x 1,000)

Y/Y Ratio(%)

Refrigerant

Residential A/Cs 9,054.6 106.2 R410A ⇒ R32(almost 100%)

Commercial A/Cs 827.1 105.3 R410A ⇒ R32(only Small-size; 41%)

Residential H/P water heaters 446.7 104.2 CO2, (R32)(almost 100%)

Gas engine-driven A/Cs 28.7 94.3 R410A

Water chilling units 13.8 106.8 R410A, R134A

Air to air heat exchangers 111.3 102.0 NA

Commercial ref. cabinets 302.1 96.7 R404A ⇒ R410A, CO2

Condensing units 93.5 102.4 R404A⇒R410A, CO2

Refrigeration units 28.8 97.2 R404A ⇒ NH3, (+CO2)R410A

4) Refrigerant conversion status in each product sector

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R404A⇒R410A⇒ R448A, 449A

CO2(Cascade)

Air cooling Type: R32

Turbo Chiller:R245fa⇒R1233zdR134a ⇒R1234ze(E)

VRF: No Alternative yet

3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants

5) 6 Steps to introduce products using alternative (flammable) refrigerant

Step1 : Selection of candidate refrigerants

Step2 : Study on product safety

Step3 : Compliance with safety standards

3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants

Step4 : Consistency with safety regulations

Step5 : Study on market acceptability

Step6 : Product launch

• Efficiency, Reliability, Compatibility with lubricating oil, etc.

• Risk assessment by product, Development of new standards and guidelines, etc.

• Ensuring safety to be complied with national and international standards.

• New standards and guidelines, Relaxation of Building Codes.

• Risk mitigation by safety devices (ventilator, gas sensor, shutoff valve, etc.)• Education/promotion on additional safety measures to the market.

• Sales strategy against price hike, Subsidy, Service training, Spare parts supply, etc.

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A2L refrigerant risk assessment has difficulty and long period

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

●ResidentialA/Cs

●CommercialA/Cs

●VRF

●Chiller

●Built-in Ref. Display Cabinets

●Others(Refrigeration

equipment)

R32 residential models launched.

R32 light commercial models launched.

3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants6) Timeline of Step 2 : Risk assessment by product

New Risk assessmentfor A3 Refrigerant.

HFO centrifugal chillers launched.

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3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants7) Risk Assessment of Residential A/Cs using A3 Refrigerants - Outline (1/2)

Project Outline Along with the global trend to tackle with the safe use of A3 refrigerants, JRAIA

will propose safety ensured air-conditioners using A3 for domestic application through this study.

Based on the results of risk assessment of Residential A/Cs using A2L refrigerants, JRAIA also conducts risk assessment for A3 refrigerants and recommends measures to ensure safety of the products sold in Japanese market.

JRAIA collaborates with universities and research institutes to compare hazards of A2L refrigerants with A3.

2016 2017 2018

Risk assessment

Hazard estimation

Reductioneffectiveness

Riskreduction

Preparatorystudy

Hazardestimation

Preparatorystudy

Kobe Symposium 2018

NEDO Project

RiskAssessment

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3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants8) Risk Assessment of Residential A/Cs using A3 Refrigerants - Outline (2/2)

Abstract of presentations at Kobe Symposium 2018 Perform risk assessment based on the life cycle stage of Residential A/Cs.

⇒ Study ignition sources exist in surroundings of indoor and outdoor units.⇒ Extract ignition sources used for transportation, installation, service, and recycle stages.⇒ Simulate the flammable space-time volume by CFD for each stage.⇒ Derive ignition probability from encounter rate of ignition source and flammable

space-time volume.

In order to use A3 refrigerants for Residential A/Cs, WG will present safe working procedures for safety-ensured equipment, installation and service, and will also provides concept of guideline of appropriate installation methods.

To find out results of the project, please come to Kobe Symposium held in 6th - 7th December 2018 !

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Thank you for your attention

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