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ICAO Regional Seminar and Workshop ICAO Regional Seminar and Workshop on Aviation Language Proficiencyon Aviation Language Proficiency
Baku, Azerbaijan – 7-9 December 2005Baku, Azerbaijan – 7-9 December 2005
ICAO Language Proficiency ICAO Language Proficiency RequirementsRequirements
Nicole Barrette-SabourinNicole Barrette-Sabourin Training Officer Training Officer
Aviation Training Policy and Standards Unit, Aviation Training Policy and Standards Unit, Flight Safety Section – ICAOFlight Safety Section – ICAO
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 2
Plan of the presentationPlan of the presentation
WhoWho
What What
WhyWhy
HowHow
ConclusionsConclusions
Who?Who?
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 4
ICAO’s objectivesICAO’s objectives
• To promote cooperation between To promote cooperation between nations and peoplenations and people
• To agree on certain principles and To agree on certain principles and arrangements in order that arrangements in order that international civil aviation may be international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and orderly developed in a safe and orderly manner and that international air manner and that international air services may be established on the services may be established on the basis of equality of opportunity and basis of equality of opportunity and operated soundly and economicallyoperated soundly and economically
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 5
Sec
reta
riat
ICAO StructureICAO Structure
Contracting States
Assembly
Council
Air Navigation Commission
What?What?
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 7
Development of ICAO StandardsDevelopment of ICAO Standards
Convention on International Civil Aviation (Article Convention on International Civil Aviation (Article 37):37):
“Each Contracting State undertakes to collaborate in securing the highest practicable degree of uniformity in regulations, standards, procedures and organization in relation to aircraft, personnel, airways and auxiliary services in all matters in which such uniformity will facilitate and improve air navigation.”
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 8
Contracting StatesSecretariat
SecretariatANStudy GroupANC Panel ANC
ANC Approves ANC Recommends
Proposal for ActionTechnical ProposalANC Preliminary Review
ANC Final ReviewCouncil Adopts
Applicability DateStates
DivisionalMeeting
Subject to Approvalby President of Councilon behalf of Council
Applicability Date(Usually November)
0 - 5 years3 Months
Adoption DateEffective DateDisapproveNotification ofDifferencesSupplement 4 Months(minimum)4 Months2 weeks 10 MonthsApproximately(Usually March) Approximately 2 years
CouncilSecretariat ANCContracting States
InternationalOrganizationsSecretariat Analysis
Blue EditionBlue EditionApplicability Date
Meetings Panels &CommitteesDirect SubmissionValidation
Secretariat (Amendment becomes effective if not disapproved by majority of States)To be received one month prior to Applicability
PANS ANNEX
States
Contrac ting S tates
Sec retariat
Sec retariatA N
Study Group
A N C P anel
A N C
A N C A pproves A N C Rec ommends
P roposal for A c tion
Tec hnic a l P roposa l
A N C P reliminary Review
A N C F inal Review
C ounc il A dopts
Applicability Date
States
Divis ionalM eeting
Subject to Approvalby P resident o f Council
on behalf o f C ouncil
Applicability D ate(U sually N ovem ber)
Effective DateDisapprove
Notification ofDifferences
Supplement
C ounc ilSec retariat A N C
C ontrac ting S tates
InternationalOrganizations
Sec retariat A nalys is
B lue Edit ionB lue Edit ion
Applicability Date
M eetings P anels &Committees
Direc t Submiss ion
Validation
Sec retariat
To be received one month prior to Applicability
PA NS A N NEX
States
Origin of ProposalOrigin of Proposal
Making an ICAO StandardMaking an ICAO Standard
Development PhaseDevelopment Phase
Review PhaseReview Phase
Adoption/Publication Phase
Adoption/Publication Phase
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 9
CONTRACTING STATESCONTRACTING STATES
ASSEMBLYASSEMBLY
SECRETARIATSECRETARIAT ANCANCPanels &
CommitteesPanels &
CommitteesMeetingsMeetings
Origin of ProposalOrigin of ProposalIn
tern
atio
nal
Org
aniza
tions
Inte
rnatio
nal
Org
aniza
tions
Proposal for Action
COUNCILCOUNCIL
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 10
Development PhaseDevelopment PhaseProposal for Action
TechnicalProposal
TechnicalProposal
ANC PanelANC Panel SECRETARIATSECRETARIAT
ANCANC
DivisionalMeetingDivisionalMeeting
ANC Preliminary Review
ANStudy Group
ANStudy Group
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 11
Review PhaseReview PhaseANC Preliminary Review
SecretariatAnalysis
SECRETARIATSECRETARIAT
InternationalOrganizations
InternationalOrganizations
ANC Final Review
ContractingStates
ContractingStates
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 12
Adoption/Publication PhaseAdoption/Publication PhaseANC Final Review
SECRETARIATSECRETARIAT
ANC Recommends
StatesStates
Council Adopts
Blue Edition
Applicability Date
Green Edition
Supplement
Notification ofDifferences
Disapprove
Adoption DateAdoption Date
Effective DateEffective Date
Applicability DateApplicability Date
(Usually March)
(Amendment becomes Effective if not disapprovedby majority of States)
(Usually November)
4 Months
4 Months
Annex Amendment
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 13
Contracting StatesSecretariat
SecretariatANStudy GroupANC Panel ANC
ANC Approves ANC Recommends
Proposal for ActionTechnical ProposalANC Preliminary Review
ANC Final ReviewCouncil Adopts
Applicability DateStates
DivisionalMeeting
Subject to Approvalby President of Councilon behalf of Council
Applicability Date(Usually November)
0 - 5 years3 Months
Adoption DateEffective DateDisapproveNotification ofDifferencesSupplement 4 Months(minimum)4 Months2 weeks 10 MonthsApproximately(Usually March) Approximately 2 years
CouncilSecretariat ANCContracting States
InternationalOrganizationsSecretariat Analysis
Blue EditionBlue EditionApplicability Date
Meetings Panels &CommitteesDirect SubmissionValidation
Secretariat (Amendment becomes effective if not disapproved by majority of States)To be received one month prior to Applicability
PANS ANNEX
States
Contrac ting S tates
Sec retariat
Sec retariatA N
Study Group
A N C P anel
A N C
A N C A pproves A N C Rec ommends
P roposal for A c tion
Tec hnic al P roposal
A N C P reliminary Review
A N C F inal Review
C ounc il A dopts
Applicability Date
States
Divis ionalM eeting
Subject to Approvalby P resident o f Council
on behalf o f Council
Applicability D ate(U sually N ovem ber)
3 M onths
Adoption Date
Effective DateDisapprove
Notification ofDifferences
Supplement
4 M onths(m inim um )
4 M onths
2 weeks
10 M onthsApproxim ately
(U sually M arch)
C ounc ilSec retariat A N C
C ontrac ting S tates
InternationalOrganizations
Sec retariat A nalys is
B lue Edit ionB lue Edit ion
Applicability Date
M eetings P anels &Committees
Direc t Submiss ion
Validation
Sec retariat
(A m endm ent becom es e ffective if not d isapproved by m a jority o f States)
To be received one month prior to Applicability
PA NS A N NEX
States
Appro
xim
ate
ly 2
years
Appro
xim
ate
ly 2
years
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 14
LPR ChronologyLPR Chronology
Contrac ting S tates
Sec retariat
Sec retariatA N
Study Group
A N C P anel
A N C
A N C A pproves A N C Rec ommends
P roposal for A c tion
Tec hnic a l P roposa l
A N C P reliminary Review
A N C F inal Review
C ounc il A dopts
Applicability Date
States
Divis ionalM eeting
Subject to Approvalby P resident o f Council
on behalf o f C ouncil
Applicability D ate(U sually N ovem ber)
Effective DateDisapprove
Notification ofDifferences
Supplement
C ounc ilSec retariat A N C
C ontrac ting S tates
InternationalOrganizations
Sec retariat A nalys is
B lue Edit ionB lue Edit ion
Applicability Date
M eetings P anels &Committees
Direc t Submiss ion
Validation
Sec retariat
To be received one month prior to Applicability
PA NS A N NEX
States
1998: A32-161998: A32-16
2000-2001: PRICE SG2000-2001: PRICE SG
2001-2003: Review and Expand2001-2003: Review and Expand
5 March 2003: Adopted14 July 2003: Effective5 March 2008: Applicable
5 March 2003: Adopted14 July 2003: Effective5 March 2008: Applicable
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 15
Applicability of ICAO StandardsApplicability of ICAO Standards
International Aviation International Aviation
Notification of differencesNotification of differences
Implications of the notion of sovereigntyImplications of the notion of sovereignty
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 16
Enforcement of ICAO StandardsEnforcement of ICAO Standards
System is based of mutual trust System is based of mutual trust between Statesbetween States
ICAO Safety Oversight Audit ICAO Safety Oversight Audit ProgrammeProgramme
Why?Why?
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 18
The Trail of WreckageThe Trail of Wreckage
Trident/DC-9 mid-air collision, Zagreb -1976Trident/DC-9 mid-air collision, Zagreb -1976
Double B747 runway collision, Tenerife - 1977Double B747 runway collision, Tenerife - 1977
B707 fuel exhaustation, JFK - 1990B707 fuel exhaustation, JFK - 1990
B757 CFIT, Cali - 1995B757 CFIT, Cali - 1995
IL-76/B747 mid-air collision, India - 1996IL-76/B747 mid-air collision, India - 1996
MD83/Shorts 330 runway collision, Paris/CDG -2000MD83/Shorts 330 runway collision, Paris/CDG -2000
MD80/Citation runway collision, Milan – 2001MD80/Citation runway collision, Milan – 2001
Helios Airways – Greece August 2005 (?)Helios Airways – Greece August 2005 (?)
… … The common element: The common element: CommunicationCommunication
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 19
Air-Ground CommunicationsAir-Ground Communications
Action up to the Action up to the 90s 90s
Standardized Standardized PhraseologiesPhraseologies
Hope of Hope of development of a development of a radiotelephony radiotelephony speech based on speech based on a simplified a simplified EnglishEnglish
Realization that it Realization that it was not sufficientwas not sufficient
Development of Development of new Standardsnew Standards
Clarify the use of Clarify the use of the English the English Language Language
Strengthen the Strengthen the use of standards use of standards phraseologiesphraseologies
Establish Establish language language proficiency proficiency requirementsrequirements
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 20
A Systemic PerspectiveA Systemic Perspective
OperationsOperations
Design Design
Training Training
SupervisionSupervision
Management Management
Kept under control inKept under control innormal system normal system conditions…conditions…
Reason Model Reason Model
Sources: Docs 9683; 9806Sources: Docs 9683; 9806
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 21
A Systemic Perspective (cont.)A Systemic Perspective (cont.)
Design Design
Management Management
Training Training
Supervision Supervision
OperationsOperations……surface in surface in
unstable system unstable system conditionsconditions
Sources: Docs 9683; 9806Sources: Docs 9683; 9806
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 22
A Training PerspectiveA Training Perspective
Mismatches at the operational interfaces = Mismatches at the operational interfaces = breeding grounds for operational errorsbreeding grounds for operational errors
LL
LL
LLSS EE
HH
SHELL SHELL ModelModel
Source: Doc 9683Source: Doc 9683
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 23
An Operational PerspectiveAn Operational Perspective
ThreatsThreats
Threat ManagementThreat ManagementStrategiesStrategies
Error ManagementError ManagementStrategiesStrategies
ErrorsErrors
Undesired StateUndesired State
Threat and ErrorThreat and ErrorManagement (TEM)Management (TEM)ModelModel
Source: Doc 9803Source: Doc 9803
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 24
Language Proficiency: A ThreatLanguage Proficiency: A Threat
WeatherWeather
MaintenanceMaintenance
GroundGround CrewCrew
CabinCabin CrewCrew
Passenger Passenger managementmanagement
ATCATC
TerrainTerrain
Similar call Similar call signssigns
Time pressureTime pressure
HeavyHeavy traffictraffic
UnfamiliarUnfamiliar airportsairports
AutomationAutomation eventsevents MissedMissed approachesapproaches
Flight Flight diversionsdiversions
SystemSystem
malfunctionsmalfunctions
Source: Doc 9803Source: Doc 9803
Language Language ProficiencyProficiency
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 25
Therefore, as Safety Practitioners Therefore, as Safety Practitioners Language Proficiency is:Language Proficiency is:
From a safety management perspective
A latent condition with safety damaging potential
From a training management perspective
A technical skill acquired through training
From an operational management perspective
A threat that increases complexity of aviation operations
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 26
A risk management exerciseA risk management exercise
Denial: defensive attitude
Repair: cosmetic acceptance
Reform: tackle the safety concern
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 27
A32-16A32-16
“…“…steps to ensure that air traffic steps to ensure that air traffic controllers and flight crews involved in controllers and flight crews involved in flight operations in airspace where the flight operations in airspace where the use of the English language is required, use of the English language is required, are proficient in conducting and are proficient in conducting and comprehending radiotelephony comprehending radiotelephony communications in the English communications in the English language”language”
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 28
PRICESG
Mandated to
Review all aspects of air-ground and ground-ground voice communication
Develop requirements concerning English language testing
Develop language proficiency requirements
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 29
A review of 28,000 safety reportsA review of 28,000 safety reports
• Over 70% of problems cited involved Over 70% of problems cited involved message exchange.message exchange.
• Communication errors still represent largest Communication errors still represent largest category of problems. category of problems.
• However, only 1% of communications are However, only 1% of communications are compromised by inaccuracy.compromised by inaccuracy.
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 30
R/T communication problemsR/T communication problems
frequency congestion,frequency congestion,
poor microphone technique,poor microphone technique,
ambiguity,ambiguity,
phonetic similarity,phonetic similarity,
incomplete call-signs,incomplete call-signs,
confused sequence of confused sequence of numbers in messages,numbers in messages,
strings of instructions,strings of instructions,
truncated phraseologies,truncated phraseologies,
inadequate inadequate acknowledgements,acknowledgements,
readback errors,readback errors,
hearback errors.hearback errors.
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 31
The IssuesThe Issues
Existing provisions at the timeExisting provisions at the time
Phraseology vs. plain languagePhraseology vs. plain language
English vs. Universal SpeechEnglish vs. Universal Speech
Means to assess language Means to assess language proficiency reliablyproficiency reliably
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 32
Previous ICAO language requirementsPrevious ICAO language requirements
For controllers: For controllers:
“… “… speak the languages designated speak the languages designated for use in air traffic control without for use in air traffic control without accent or impediment which could accent or impediment which could adversely affect communication”adversely affect communication”
For pilots:For pilots:
Strangely quiet!Strangely quiet!
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 33
Standardized PhraseologyStandardized Phraseology… … is insufficient to deal with the full range of situations is insufficient to deal with the full range of situations requiring R/T exchange.requiring R/T exchange.
… … but how to complement standardized phraseologies?but how to complement standardized phraseologies?
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 34
English vs. Universal SpeechEnglish vs. Universal Speech
Research statesResearch states
Effectiveness of natural languages, and Effectiveness of natural languages, and
Plain language as medium for international aviation operations.Plain language as medium for international aviation operations.
English for aviation ..English for aviation ..
does not does not belongbelong to a culture; to a culture;
is a toolis a tool
has no special inherent qualities; has no special inherent qualities;
is the most accessible of all second languages. is the most accessible of all second languages.
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 35
Aviation-Specific EnglishAviation-Specific English
can be successfully integrated into training can be successfully integrated into training programs in common English; programs in common English;
provisions should relate to the common provisions should relate to the common use of English.use of English.
Iterating formulaic language by rote does Iterating formulaic language by rote does NOT meet all requirements!NOT meet all requirements!
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 36
Some PRICESG QuestionsSome PRICESG Questions
Acceptance by pilot & controller communitiesAcceptance by pilot & controller communities
Allocation of responsibilities to airline Allocation of responsibilities to airline operators and air navigation service providersoperators and air navigation service providers
Interface with input from commercial training Interface with input from commercial training & testing providers& testing providers
integration into State regulatory regimesintegration into State regulatory regimes
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 37
PRICESG Conclusions (1)PRICESG Conclusions (1)Phraseologies shall be used whenever possible but …Phraseologies shall be used whenever possible but …
… … there is no practical alternative to the use of plain language there is no practical alternative to the use of plain language for the full range of aeronautical R/T communication, andfor the full range of aeronautical R/T communication, and
The use of plain language in the exchange of critical The use of plain language in the exchange of critical operational information requires:operational information requires:
an understanding of the fundamentals of linguistics,an understanding of the fundamentals of linguistics,
an appreciation of the susceptibility of language to an appreciation of the susceptibility of language to misapprehension, andmisapprehension, and
a commitment to the highest standards of discipline a commitment to the highest standards of discipline and care. and care.
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 38
PRICESG Conclusions (2)PRICESG Conclusions (2)The universal availability of at least one The universal availability of at least one
medium of radiotelephony communication is medium of radiotelephony communication is important for safety and efficiency in important for safety and efficiency in international air navigation;international air navigation;
The lack of a language common to the The lack of a language common to the aircrew and the ground station could lead to aircrew and the ground station could lead to an accident;an accident;
There is a need to retain the language used There is a need to retain the language used by the station on the ground.by the station on the ground.
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 39
PRICESG Conclusions (3)PRICESG Conclusions (3)
Parity must exist between pilots and controllers in Parity must exist between pilots and controllers in language proficiency requirements; thuslanguage proficiency requirements; thus
A single minimum standard is the best solution for the A single minimum standard is the best solution for the entire target group;entire target group;
Responsibility shall also be vested in airline operators Responsibility shall also be vested in airline operators and ATS providers for ensuring that staff meet and ATS providers for ensuring that staff meet proficiency requirementsproficiency requirements
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 40
PRICESG Conclusions (4)PRICESG Conclusions (4)
The new provisions will impact heavily the aviation community but The new provisions will impact heavily the aviation community but with:with:
Extensive guidance material,Extensive guidance material,
Education & awareness programs worldwide,Education & awareness programs worldwide,
Staff support activities by operators,Staff support activities by operators,
Increased compliance with ICAO standardized phraseology, andIncreased compliance with ICAO standardized phraseology, and
Highest standards of discipline,Highest standards of discipline,
We need and can improve the 1% figure!We need and can improve the 1% figure!
How?How?
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 42
Language Proficiency RequirementsLanguage Proficiency Requirements
Annex 10Annex 10
Annex 1Annex 1
General conceptGeneral concept
Review of the provisionsReview of the provisions
Implementation timelineImplementation timeline
Annex 6Annex 6
Annex 11Annex 11
PANSPANS--ATMATM
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 43
Annex 10 – Volume IIAnnex 10 – Volume II
Chapter 5Chapter 5 addresses voice addresses voice communications communications in the in the aeronautical aeronautical communication communication service linking service linking ground stations ground stations and aircraft.and aircraft.
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 44
Annex 10 – Volume IIAnnex 10 – Volume II
Phraseology and Plain LanguagePhraseology and Plain Language
Para 5.1.1.1- ICAO phraseology shall be Para 5.1.1.1- ICAO phraseology shall be used in all situations for which it has been used in all situations for which it has been specified. Only when standardized specified. Only when standardized phraseology cannot serve an intended phraseology cannot serve an intended transmission, plain language shall be usedtransmission, plain language shall be used
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 45
Annex 10 – Volume IIAnnex 10 – Volume II
Language(s) to be usedLanguage(s) to be used
Para 5.2.1.2.1: The air-ground radiotelephony Para 5.2.1.2.1: The air-ground radiotelephony communications communications shall shall be conducted in the be conducted in the language normally used by the station on the language normally used by the station on the ground or in the English languageground or in the English language
Para 5.2.1.2.2 The English language shall be Para 5.2.1.2.2 The English language shall be available, on request from any aircraft station, at available, on request from any aircraft station, at all stations on the ground serving designated all stations on the ground serving designated airports and routes used by international air airports and routes used by international air servicesservices
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 46
Annex 10 – Volume IIAnnex 10 – Volume II
Provisions no longer in forceProvisions no longer in force
Interpreters are no longer authorizedInterpreters are no longer authorized
The Attachment on the development of The Attachment on the development of Radiotelephony speech for international Radiotelephony speech for international aviation has been withdrawnaviation has been withdrawn
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 47
Annex 1 – Previous Annex 1 – Previous requirementsrequirements
Air Traffic Controllers and Aeronautical Station Operators
shall “speak language(s) nationally designated for use without accent or impediment”
Use of radiotelephony procedures and phraseology
Aeroplane & Helicopter Pilots - Flight Engineers and Flight Navigators
Use of radiotelephony procedures and phraseology
Free balloon and glider pilots
No requirements
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 48
Annex 1Annex 1
Licences with language proficiency requirements
Aeroplane and helicopter pilots
Glider and free balloon pilots
Flight Engineers and Flight Navigators
Air Traffic Controllers
Aeronautical Station Operators
Licences without language proficiency requirements
Flight Dispatcher
Aircraft Maintenance Engineer
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 49
General PrinciplesGeneral Principles
Limited to radiotelephony communication
The “Speak and Understand” Standard
Cover all languages used in radio communication
Assessment using a rating scale (level 4)
Progressive implementation
27 Nov. 2003
5 March 2008
Rating scale is applied
Shall speak and understand
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 50
Annex 1Annex 1
• Aeroplane & Helicopter Pilots (PPL, CPL and ATPL)
• Air Traffic Controllers and Aeronautical Station Operators
• Free balloon and glider pilots
• Flight Engineers
•Flight Navigators
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 51
Language proficiency in Annex 1Language proficiency in Annex 1
Shall demonstrate the ability to speak and understand the language used for radiotelephony communications (Standard 1.2.9.1)
After 5 March 2008,
the “speak and understand” ability shall be demonstrated to level 4 of the ICAO rating scale (Standard 1.2.9.4 and Appendix)
recurrent testing will be required for those below level 6 (recommendation: every 3 years for level 4 and every 6 years for level 5)
Previous Standard on the use of radiotelephony procedures and phraseology still applies
•Aeroplane & helicopter pilots (PPL, CPL and ATPL)
•Air traffic controllers and aeronautical station operators
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 52
Language proficiency in Annex 1Language proficiency in Annex 1
should demonstrate the ability to speak and understand the language used for radiotelephony communications.
Previous Standard on the use of radiotelephony procedures and phraseology still applies for flight engineers
•Free balloon and glider pilots
•Flight engineers
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 53
Language proficiency in Annex 1Language proficiency in Annex 1
If required to use a radio telephone on-board, flight navigator shall demonstrate the ability to speak and understand the language used for radiotelephony communications
Previous Standard on the use of radiotelephony procedures and phraseology still applies for all Flight Navigators
•Flight navigators
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 54
Other AnnexesOther Annexes
Annex 6: Annex 6: (Parts I and III) Role of (Parts I and III) Role of operators operators
Annex 11: Role of Air traffic service providersAnnex 11: Role of Air traffic service providers
English used between air traffic control units except English used between air traffic control units except when another language is mutually agreedwhen another language is mutually agreed
PANSPANS--ATM: ATS and other ground personnel will be ATM: ATS and other ground personnel will be expected to use plain language to the level specified in expected to use plain language to the level specified in the ICAO language proficiency requirements contained the ICAO language proficiency requirements contained in Annex 1in Annex 1
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 55
Implementation notesImplementation notes
Standard 1.2.9.1 will apply only on 5 March 2008 for aeroplane and helicopter pilot who have a licence issued before 5 March 2004
No “grandfather” clause for Air Traffic Controllers and Aeronautical Station Operators
Language proficiency requirements applies to pilots who are engaged in international flights and ATCO/ASO providing services to international flights
Pilots shall demonstrate proficiency in at least one of the language(s) offered in the airspace that is used
ATCO/ASO shall demonstrate proficiency for each of the language(s) offered in the airspace in which they are providing service
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 56
Other Aspects (1)Other Aspects (1)
The Rating Scale and Holistic Descriptors are contained in the Appendix and the Attachment to Annex 1
Consequences of non-compliance with the language proficiency Standards
For pilots
For Air Traffic Controllers and aeronautical Station Operators
Guidance on the implementation of the Standards has been published in the Manual on the Implementation of ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements (Doc 9835)
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 57
Other Aspects (2)Other Aspects (2)
Some good reasons to start evaluating language proficiency using the ICAO rating scale before 5 March 2008:
for recruitment purposes
for benchmarking purposes
to be prepared for the 5 March 2008 deadline
ICAO will review the progress in the implementation of the Language proficiency Standard in 2006
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 58
ANC Review in June 2006ANC Review in June 2006
The Air Navigation Commission will undertake a The Air Navigation Commission will undertake a review of the implementation of the language review of the implementation of the language proficiency requirements in June 2006:proficiency requirements in June 2006:
Assessment of the level of implementation (actual Assessment of the level of implementation (actual and planned)and planned)
Review of the difficulties faced during the Review of the difficulties faced during the implementationimplementation
Corrective measures if necessary and assistanceCorrective measures if necessary and assistance
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 59
Implementation SurveyImplementation Survey
• Distributed through ICAO Regional Distributed through ICAO Regional OfficesOffices
• Results to be collected by March Results to be collected by March 20062006
• Presented to ANC in June 2006Presented to ANC in June 2006
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 60
AuditAudit
The ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit ProgrammeThe ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme
The comprehensive audit programme starting in The comprehensive audit programme starting in 2005 will cover all the language proficiency 2005 will cover all the language proficiency Standards of Annexes 1, 6, 10 and 11Standards of Annexes 1, 6, 10 and 11
Compliance Checklists: the State will have to Compliance Checklists: the State will have to identify the level of implementation of each identify the level of implementation of each provision contained in ICAO Annexes before the provision contained in ICAO Annexes before the Audit. The ICAO auditor will validate the Audit. The ICAO auditor will validate the information submitted prior to the on-site audit information submitted prior to the on-site audit
During the actual audit, the auditor will assess the During the actual audit, the auditor will assess the steps States have taken to address the new steps States have taken to address the new language requirements using a standard protocollanguage requirements using a standard protocol
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 61
Training AidTraining Aid
Examples of extended speech samplesExamples of extended speech samples
Rating rationaleRating rationale
Hyperlinks to sound filesHyperlinks to sound files
Available at the end of the yearAvailable at the end of the year
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 62
FLS – Dec. 05FLS – Dec. 05 63
RecapRecap
ICAO and the process it uses to make standardsICAO and the process it uses to make standards
The safety concern underlying the language The safety concern underlying the language proficiency requirementsproficiency requirements
The PRICE SG its deliberations and conclusionsThe PRICE SG its deliberations and conclusions
A description of the language proficiency requirementsA description of the language proficiency requirements
Implementation of the language proficiency Implementation of the language proficiency requirementsrequirements
ICAO Regional Seminar and Workshop on ICAO Regional Seminar and Workshop on Aviation Language ProficiencyAviation Language Proficiency
Thank you!Thank you!