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C1 electricity No.2 C1 electricity No.3 e


L N
Q1. L S V
Q



Q1.
1A 1
1 1 1 Q, e, S I

Q1. 3 V I-R I V-R R V-I

Q2 2A 5 Ω 10V 4A ’

MIT OPEN COURCE WARE Introduction to Solid State Chemistry
I
R
V
R
V
I

Q2. 5.0 × 10 1 5
P234 P254

V=IR 2 × 5 10V R=V/I 10/4 2.5 Ω


S N=nS Δ V=S Δ L N=n Δ V Δ Q/ Δ t=I eN/ Δ t=enS Δ L/ Δ t=enSv 2 I enSv
Δ N=nS ΔΔ I=enS Δ x/ Δ Δ / Δ I=enSvv
I Q/t=5 ×××××/2 A Q It ×××
e=-1.6 × 10 19C
e
( )



2

V Q F=m,a F QE U V



1[C] 2[C] [m]
F ma
+q1 -q2
University of Physics

Q1 W 1kwh 23 6


L
S

CONTEMPORARY
Q1.
3mm5mm )

Q2 1.0 × 10-8[ Ω m] 1.0 × 10-10m² 8cm 200cc 20.0 16.0V 5.00 4.20J/gk 160J/k
W=FS U=QEd V=Ed U QV[J]
W=Pt= × ×

R= ρ L/S R=100 × 0.08 8 Ω P V²/R=32W W=Pt=32 × 300 9600J Q=mc Δ T 9600=(200 × 4.2 160) Δ T Δ T=9.6 29.6



ρ [ Ω ] [1/ Ω ]
V(
C1 electricity No.6 C1 electricity No.7 (circuit)





R R 1 2 ∞


Q E[V] R1,R2[ Ω ] I R1,R2 E,R1,R2 I R1,R2 I,R1,R2





2 10 Ω I=20/10= A C D A
10 Ω 10 Ω
V
R R P=V²/R E²/R R P V ²/R E²R ./(R1+R2)² P V ²/R E²R /(R1+R2)²
R R /(R R ) P² V²/R E²(R R )/R R ’ P E²/R ’P E²/R ’ ’ ’ ’
'- = E2
) > 0

R1 R2 I=E/(R1+R2)[A] R1V1=R1/(R1+R2)E[V] R2 V2=R2/(R1+R2)E[V]
R1 R2 E[V] R1I1=R2/(R1+R2)I R2 I2=R1/(R1+R2)I
R=R1+R2[ Ω ] 1/R=1/R1+1/R2 R=R1R2/(R1+R2)[ Ω ]
R=R R
∞∞ 0 V IR P I²R
1
R =
1
R1 +
1
R2


1



C1 electricity No.8 C1 electricity No.9 1
Q4 L ρ S EC

C
D
E
F
G
H
L AB E CD
A
B
C
D
E D G,F,D Ω
10V
DE
G
F
R1 Ω
Ω
R2
A
B
C
D
E
VAB 3VVBD 6V IAIBIC R1,R2
1/ ∞ ∞∞ ∞

Q1 AB CD

V E
Q4. a, b R v, i a)
R V
A
Q3. 0.5 Ω A A 10V
Q1. R i E V E,V
Q2.
A V
Rr
R R
E
Point

VA=VE=VG=VF=0V VB=-4V, VC=-10V VB=6V, VA=VE=VG=VF=10V IG=0.67A IF=1.3A ID=2A
VE 12V V IA=5A IB=2A IC=3A R1=0.6 ΩR2=0.6 Ω
ρ L/S I E × C V=Ir/3+Ir/6+Ir/3=5Ir/6 R 5r/6=5 ρ L/6S
I/3 I/3I/6
0 ?
∞ 1 3r/4 AB 11 / I E/11r CD 1/4 V ir E/11
R
R R rR/(r+R) 2r R R rR/(r+R 2r R² 2rR 2r² R r+ √r
E=iR+ir
a) ir/(r+R), V=IR ir/(r+R)R r R v/(iR v) iR=v ∞
999mA × 0.5 999 × 5 ×Ω 10V ××× Ω
A V
PQ RS
b)v ir+iR r (v-iR)/i iR=v r
i E=i(r+R) i=E/(r+R) P i²R=E²R/(r+R)² [W] )P(R) r,E P(R)=R/(r+R)² P ′(R) =
(r +R)2 − 2R(r +R)
(r +R)2
R=r R=r PMax E²/(4r)




i1
i2
i3
i4
E1 E
R R1
Q1
P
P
Q2
E3
P Q
E1=10VE2 12VE3 4VR1 6 ΩR2 ΩR3 Ω R1,R2,R3 P Q RS RS RS PQ RS RS
R
Tec i


R
Ω
Ω
P1 R ΩV
A C R ΩR V AB D C ΩΩ
40 Ω R Ω
P
Q


R1
R3
R2
R4
R
S
i ↓i ↑ i ↓
+E1+i1R1+i2R2-E2=0 +E2-i2R2+i3R3+E3=0 P i1=i2+i3 1
1 i1=i2+i3 i2=i1-i3
10+6i1-12+4i2=0 12+3(i1-i2)-4-4i2=0 3i1+2i2=1 3i1-7i2=-8 - i2=1.0A i3=-4/3=-1.33A 1.33A i =-1/3=-0.33A 0.33A
i i1-i2 ←
i →
i ←
VQP=i2R2 E2=4-12 -8.0V -8.0V
P VR=-10VVS=i2R2 4V VRS 14V S RS VRS V VPQ E3+E2=16V P S 14V 0V
R +R R R R A,B I C I(R R /RD I(R R /R A Vc=R I(R R /RVD=R I(R R /R VD Vc R1R3=R2R4
k R R= Ω ABCD AC<BD D C
D i i i i × i A i 1.5A A AC A ××V ADB × 0.5 × 0.5 V R=5 R Ω i3( ) VV i3 ri3= V C V C i1+ i1= A 2 5i2 i2=1.6A
0 Σ i=0
i1+i2=i3+i4
Σ inRn= Σ En
C1 electricity No.12 C1 electricity No.13


R R α
Q1 20°α 5.5 × 10 3 Ro R

20 40 60 80 100 [V]V
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 I[A] V 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 10.00
A 0.0089 0.0178 0.0420 0.0720 0.1010 0.1751
100V 100 Ω V
100 Ω
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.0

E 10V, R1= k ΩR2= k ΩR3=2k ΩC1C2 S
A,B,C,D A,B C1,C2 A,B A,B 3k Ω R1,R2,R3

C1 C2

R=Ro( α α [1/ ]
Ro V/A 0.2/0.0178 11 Ω R=11 5.5 × 10
100V 0.55A R 100/0.55 182 Ω 182 11( 5.5 × 10 t-20 16.5=1-0.11+5.5 × 10 t ×
i 50 ir+100i ir V 50 V i i i=0.5-V/100 I=0.26A
v i A) 5i+2v=3 0.3 B) i 2i 5 × 2i+v=3 0.25
v i A) 0.3A 0.75V P=2 × 0.3 × 0.75+0.32 × 5 0.9W Q=It 1.2 × 103 0.3t t=4 × 103s
V IA A, IB A B K ΩIA 2mA R3 AB VA IAR 2m × 3k=6V
VAB=4V,VCB 6V C1 V,C2 V ( ) R1,R2 i1,i2 R3 A B i1-i2
i13k (i1-i2)3k=4 i23k-(i1-i2)3k=6 i1=14/9=1.6mA, i2=1.8mA i3=i1-i2=-0.2mA


LED Q1
Al

P N




LED 250 ΩLED (3 )
mA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 3.0 5.0 9.0 15 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.7 2.5 3.1 4.2 5.8
I[mA] V[V] Vd R Vd,I,V,R
A
Vd
Vd
V
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
2 V 500 Ω 1

2 2.5V 250 Ω 1


Vd=V-IR
V V 500I 500I V I=0 V=2.5 V=0 I=10mA 3.0mA 1.75V
V, i 2i 2.5 V 250 ×i V=0 i=5mAi=0 2.5V 2 1.6mA 1.65V
Vd=V-iR