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7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
1/19
TypesAlternative Fuels
BIRLA INSTAND
Lecture N
Dr. Ravi InAssistant Professor in M
Email id: raviinder@
f Fuelsnd Performance of
TUTE OF TECHNOLOGYSCIENCE, PILANI
. 8, 9 and 10
er Singhechanical Engineering
ilani.bits-pilani.ac.in
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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ONVENTIONAL
Fuels
Solid Fuels
Gaseous Fuels
Liquid Fuels
UELS
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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hemical Structure of
Paraffin [Cn H2n
Olefin [Cn H2n ]
Aromatic series
etroleum
2 ]
2n[Cn H2n-6 ]
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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Petroleum Refining
Crude petroleum as obtained fro
and certain impurities such as woil is separated into gasoline, ke
process of fractional distillation.
the fact that the boiling pointsincrease with increase in molecul
Thermal Cracking
Catalytic Cracking
rocess
oil wells contains gases
ter, solids etc. The crudeosene, fuel oil etc. by the
This process is based on
of various hydrocarbonsar weight.
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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Important Qualities of SI E
Volatility
Starting and Warm up
Operating Range Perfor
Crankcase Dilution
Antiknock Quality
Gum Deposits
Sulphur Content
gine Fuels
ance
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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CI Engine Fuels
Knock Characteristics
Volatility
Starting Characteristics
Smoking and Odor
Corrosion and Wear
Handling Ease
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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Alternate fuels
Solid fuels
Liquid fuels
Alcohol
Ethanol
Alcohol for SI
Reformulated GWater Gasoline
Alcohol for CI
ngines
asoline for SI EngineMixture for SI Engines
ngines
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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Alcohol
Disadvantages
It can be obtained from a numbmanufactured.
It is a high octane fuel with an
It produces less overall emissi Alcohols have low suphur con
Advantages
Alcohols have a low energy cvalue of the fuel is almost itself.
Produces more aldehydes.
Corrosive Alcohols fuelled engines
characteristic due to low vapor pr
Alcohols have poor ignition c Alcohols have almost invisi
dan erous when handlin fuel.
er of sources, both natural and
i knock index numbers.
ns compared to gasoline.ent in the fuel.
ntent or in other words the calorifi
has poor cold weather startin
ssure and evaporation.
aracteristics in general.ble flames, which is considere
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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Spark Assisted Dies
Alcohols and coal de
penetrate as alternativLow cetane nu
Vegetable Oil
High kinematic viscoHigh rate of wear
pumps
l
ived fuel will also
fuels.ber Ignition
ityand failure in fuel
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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Biodiesel
Biodiesel is a general nameorganic feedstock.
Biodiesel can be made frooils:
sunflower
palm oil
soy recycled cooking oils
Germany and France are th
for methyl esters from
a wide range of vegetable
largest EU producers
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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BIODIESEL AND T
Use of 100% biodiese
cycle CO2 emissions b
But, this is not common
Use o 5% en re ucto 2.5%.
Biodiesel is biodegrada
E ENVIRONMENT
would reduce life-
40 to 50%.
s CO2 em ss ons y 2
le
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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Bioethanol
A 5% blend ofBio eth
vehicle modifications,warranty.
u st tute orether) in petrol (octane
Flexible Fuelled Vehiclconcentrations of bio et
Ford, Volvo and Saabbio ethanol and 15%
nol does not require
or affects manufacturers
et y tert ary utynhancer)
es, FFV, can use higheranol
sell FFV (blend of 85%etrol)
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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Hydrogen is another alt
Engines.
the "forever fuel" that we can neverthe "forever fuel" that we can never
Gaseous Fuels
a er energy y rogen
Hydrogen + oxygen wa
rnative fuel tried for IC
run out of run out of
oxygen
er + energy
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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MaMa
CompCompofof
ompromprNaturNatur
SystSyst
oror
nentsnentsaa
esseessel Gasl Gas
emem
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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WhatWhat isis LPGLPG anan LPGLPG EnEn
Auto LPG or Liquefied
name for mixtures of hyand butane) which exis
conditions and can be c
applying moderate pressu Energy content similar to
Inherently clean burning c
gines?gines?
Petroleum Gas is a generic
rocarbons (mainly propanes as vapor under ambient
anged into liquid state by
es.asoline
haracteristics
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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BIOBIO GASGAS ININ ANAN INTERNALINTERNAL COMCOM
Biogas is produced by means of
digestion. It is a process whereby or
microbiological activity and, as the
which takes place in the absence of ainaturally at the bottom of ponds and
gas or methane, which is a combustibl
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen sulphide
Oxygen
USTIONUSTION ENGINEENGINE
process known as anaerobic
anic matter is broken down by
name suggests, it is a process
r. It is a phenomenon that occursmarshes and gives rise to marsh
e gas.
CH4 5075
CO2 2550
N2 010
H2 01
H2S 03
O2 00
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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Producer GasProducer Gas
Blast Furnace GBlast Furnace G Coke Oven GasCoke Oven Gas
s s
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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PERFORMANCE OF INTERNPERFORMANCE OF INTERN
Testing could be do
Fully functional chaunknown for many fue
,fully developed charac
Long life effects are
Commercial establi
for some fuels is fully
L COMBUSTION ENGINES L COMBUSTION ENGINES
e for different fuels.
acteristics are still.
, .eristics of IC engines.
still unknown.
hment of IC engines
functional.
7/24/2019 IC Engines Ppt Lecture No 8,9,10
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ThaTha k Youk You