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IBM Watson: Artificial Intelligence Meets Healthcare
BRENT I. FOX,PHARMD, PHD ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR HARRISON SCHOOL OF PHARMACY AUBURN UNIVERSITY AL USA [email protected]
American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Disclosures Brent Fox is an employee of Auburn University Harrison School of
Pharmacy. The conflict of interest was resolved by peer review of the slide content. He declares no other conflicts of interest or financial interest in any product or service mentioned in this program, including grants, employment, gifts, stock holdings, and honoraria.
ASAP’s and NCPA’s education staff declares no conflicts of interest or financial interest in any product or service mentioned in this program, including grants, employment, gifts, stock holdings, and honoraria.
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Objectives
1. Describe the foundations of artificial intelligence.
2. Discuss current applications of artificial intelligence in health and wellness.
3. Explore future opportunities for artificial intelligence in healthcare.
4. Create a “wish list” for an artificial intelligence in health and wellness.
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
For the Purists: Cognitive Computing vs. Artificial Intelligence
• Synonyms?
• Data sources
• Methods
• Who is in charge….
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear Manoj Saxena
Question Answering Machines
• Goal: Understand semantic and contextual variations in sentences to identify a single best answer
• Natural language processing
• Curated knowledge base
• Ingestion
• Training
• Hypothesis and conclusion http://www.datasciencecentral.com/profiles/blogs/what-exactly-is-watson
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Artificial Intelligence Everyday: Now
• Speech recognition
• Natural language processing
• Images
• Location data
• What’s your favorite?
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Surgical Robots
• Hand movements are translated
• Small incisions
• 3D vision
• Faster recovery
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Getting Watson up to Speed
• Merge Healthcare ($1B; medical images)
• Truven Health Analytics ($2.6B; data from 8500 hospitals, insurers, and government agencies)
• Explorys (cloud-based analytics)
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Watson: Immunotherapy
• In • 25M Medline abstracts
• 1M journal articles
• Data from 4M patients
• Every drug patent since 1861
• Out • New uses for existing meds
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Watson: Diabetes
• Personalized diabetes management tools
• Real-time focus
• Data from EMRs, insurers, and population sources
• Cognitive predictive smartphone app
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Watson: Cancer
• Quest Diagnostics, Memorial Sloan, MIT, Harvard
• Tumor gene sequencing performed
• Medical literature + clinical study data + expert opinion -> personalized treatment options and relevant clinical trials
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center • 2013, OEA
• Goal: clinical decision making and clinical trial assignment
• Bidding, payments without results
• Overly optimistic reporting/expectations
• Challenges: IT department approval, EHR integration, and shifts in direction, lack of measured deliverables
• $62M to IBM and PWC
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Reminder: The Challenge
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
IBM Watson for Genomics
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IBM Watson for Drug Discovery
IBM Watson Health Patient Engagement
IBM Watson for Oncology
IBM Watson Care Manager
Watson Discovery Service: The Data Dilemma
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Chronic Disease Management
• CVS Health + IBM Watson Health • Clinical data, prescription claims, wearable devices • Goals:
• Predict individuals at risk for declining health (proactive, customized engagement programs)
• Encourage patients to adopt safe and healthy behaviors (adherence - meds and healthy lifestyle regimens)
• Suggest appropriate use of cost-effective primary care and out-patient providers
https://cvshealth.com/newsroom/press-releases/cvs-health-and-ibm-tap-watson-develop-care-management-solutions-chronic-disease
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
The future…
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• Goal: portable, versatile diagnostics device for the masses
• 13 conditions + 3 of 5 additional diseases (HIV, HTN, melanoma, shingles, strep throat)
• “DxtER”
• Uses AI to teach itself diagnosis using sensors (VS, body chemistry, biological functions), data from emergency medicine and actual patient data
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Turbine
• Personalized cancer treatment
• Molecularly models cancer biology – without cell or animal experiments
• AI identifies biomarkers that suggest sensitivity to treatment
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Whole Biome
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
AiCure App
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Atomwise
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Human Longevity
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Wrap Up
• Watson (and other AI) understands natural language, generates and evaluates hypotheses, and learns from users.
• IoT
• Connected patients
• Connecting systems
• Open AI
• Intelligent decisions -> Faster -> Better outcomes
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Questions
American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Images • CC vs AI:
http://www.earley.com/sites/default/files/artificial-intelligence-robot-head.jpg
• QAM: http://www.healthcareitnews.com/sites/default/files/Artificial%20Intelligence-HITN.png
• Jeopardy: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_Watson_w_Jeopardy.jpg
• Surgical Robot: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/61/05/fb/6105fb01f7b0b9c2169881d4b1b70106.jpg
• Up to speed: http://www.businesscloudnews.com/files/2016/01/AI-Artificial-Intelligence-Machine-Learning-Cognitive-Computing.jpg
• Immunotherapy: https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6PIbjIfiUmQ/V97Nkb0zIrI/AAAAAAAACdc/-P91zvjvwWce-xjp59dGYJXCfy4cEKywACLcB/s1600/o-COGNITIVE-COMPUTING-facebook.jpg
• Diabetes: http://www.healthcareitnews.com/sites/default/files/SugarIQ2-712.jpg
• Gene sequencing: http://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/id-100110956.jpg
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear
Images • Bumps:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/NJDOT_Bumps_Sign.svg/2000px-NJDOT_Bumps_Sign.svg.png
• Data discovery: http://zdnet2.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2015/03/23/67770c43-61fa-4ca3-8621-e15b637f72f3/resize/770xauto/782448fd0c0d63e207ef2098b26180ca/big-data-discovery-graphic.png and https://www.ibm.com/watson/developercloud/doc/discovery/images/discovery-flow.png
• Qualcomm: https://images.indiegogo.com/file_attachments/345204/files/20131217115932-Qualcomm_Tricorder_XPRIZE.jpg?1391387907
• IBM Watson Health: https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/node/12959/image/watson-avatar-video.jpg
• Turbine: http://img.etimg.com/thumb/msid-51695831,width-310,resizemode-4,imglength-684318/ibm-1.jpg
• Biome: https://draxe.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/MicrobiomeGraphic.jpg and http://www.wholebiome.com/uploads/2/3/5/3/23537596/discovery-platform-graphic-sandbox-3_orig.png
•
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American Society for Automation in Pharmacy 2017 Midyear Conference June 21-23 · Palm Beach, FL · www.asapnet.org · #ASAPMidyear