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IBM User Group Smart Card Technology
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eTechnology – Smart CardeTechnology – Smart Card
Dr LM ChengCity University of Hong Kong
HKIUG Conference 200021-22 June 2000
Smart Card Era
credit cards have become part of our daily life as forms of plastic money since its first launch in 1960
what is a magnetic card ?what is a smart card?
Magnetic Card
composed of a layer of magnetic material for storing information
easy to carrycan be use for authenticationwhat is its principles?
Information on Magnetic Card
the stripe is 8.5cm X 1.2cmdata is constructed
based on ISO 7811/2
maximum 3 stripescan store around
1K bits
Smart Card
Integrated Circuit - chip
originated from France
invented in 70 and matured in 90
Magnetic Card replacement
Crypto-processor IC CardsCrypto-processor IC Cards
composed of crypto-processor & PROM
a powerful MPUcan recognize
illegal signal and security features
MPU IC Smart CardMPU IC Smart Card
Composed of MCU/MPC
software drivenhave flexibility and
primitive intelligence
some security features
Contactless Smart CardContactless Smart Card
similar to contact smart card
with RF transceiver to increase robustness and security
Advantages of Smart Card
Large storage capacitymore security featuresmultiple functionsflexibility in use - intelligent, lower power
consumption, effective packagingas access card, electronic purse, debit/credit
cards, ID card etc. - particular off-line applications
Hardware Technologies
new memory technologies - EEPROM and flash-EPROM
new silicon technologies – 0.6 m to 0.18 m for more storage and security, lower power consumption
new packaging technologies - against breakage, rubbing and bending
Smart Card Software
Intelligent Chip Operating System -COSEncryption techniques – RSA, DES & ECCMultiple Application OS
Mondex, EMV, GSM, Loyalty, JAVA, Linux Platform War
JAVA (universal) & MULTOSNew requirements
hot list, trust key management, PKI, dual interface, downloading feature
THE SMART CARD MARKET IN THE YEAR 2000 (in millions – Source: Philips Communication Systems)
Application France Europe Others TotalPhone cards 140.8 553.1 640.0 1334GSM cards 4.0 15.0 42.0 61Health cards 10.0 55.0 92.0 157Bank cards 25.0 85.0 75.0 185ID cards - - - -Transport tickets - - - -Pay TV cards 4.5 24.0 81.0 110Access control 1.8 3.0 5.0 10City cards /Misc 24.0 55.1 64.3 143Total 210.1 790.2 999.3 2000
Some Difficulties Worldwide
Bank card project cancellation - TaiwanCard tampering slow down bank sector
development - RSA and New ZealandMasterCard - year 2000 delay of massive
launchingVisa - adoption of magnetic card in RSA
debit card project Major concern - COST EFFECTIVENESS
Smart Card in Electronic CommerceElectronic Data Interchange (EDI)TradelinkElectronic PurchasingHome BankingInternet Shopping
New Technologies Required
Data Storage Management - information protection
authentication process - biometric: fingerprint, facial features, iris identification,
dynamic signature recognition, speech recognitionencryption methods -
Elliptic Curve Cryptography, chaotic techniques
Smart Card in Mobile Phone Applications Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) emerges for
a mobile Internet accessResearch work launched in Japan indicates a good
market if available.Mobile operators will provide add on WAP
gateways and WAP services to enable wireless internet services:
Banks, financial institutions, restaurants, retailers, Utilities, transit operators, hotels, entertainment and media, selling goods and information
Limitation, the SIM card inside the WAP phone cannot provide complicated the PKI authentication process thus security is an issue.
A possible solution is to introduce an additional smart card interface (either contact or contactless) to enable the authentication process. (MasterCard – dual card phone)
New technologies requirements: The development of m-PKI (mobile PKI) in the
multiple-application OS is more essential and practical
The development of high security low power card modules
A better interface to new wireless internet platform, other ancillary technologies, such as Bluetooth and Wireless Wallets are also important
Smart Card in Hong KongMondexVisa CashCampus cardOctopus - smart traveling card Jockey Club -pre-pay cardNew airport - access control cardTelephone card & SIM CardParking Meter - prepay card projectResidential access cardPossible new ID card, Road Toll Pay Card
Smart Card Researches in Hong Kong HKUST obtained HK$2.5M sponsored by Industry
Support Fund of HKSAR Government in implementing of biometric techniques for Smart Card/eCommerce application
Chinese University of Hong Kong was granted an Entrepreneur programme (HK$250K) in implementing Fingerprint recognition in smart cards
CityU (we) have submitted a proposal to ITF for HK$8.5M with an industry sponsorship of HK$3.5M to develop chip modules and COS for various special application customisations.
What about our neighbors? Taiwan Universities and ITRI in Taiwan have heavily involved in
ID and bank card project. Totally spending was over NT$1 billion Singapore government has invested in a Smart Card mounting
technologies company and the investment is over US$10 million China has heavily invested in various Sichuan University, Beijing
University of Post & Telecom, Tsinghua University etc. South Korea is emerging in parallel with its chip manufacturing
(Samsung is one of the key module supplier) In comparison Hong Kong, the government/industry support is
limited
Conclusion
Smart Card is an evolutionary productTrends of use is irreversibleneeds more technology breakthrough to make
them really smartMajor difficulties - logistic and cost justification
but not technologyTo play a role in this new emerging market , the
government/industries/research institutes have to plan wisely and invested the necessary resources