Ibm Project Ethics

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A

PROJECT REPORT

ON

CHARACTER ETHICS

“IN CONTEXT OF IBM”

SUBMITTED BY:

AAMIR QAISAR

ENROLMENT NO : 02121001711

BBA II YR (3rd SEMESTER)

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

For the reward of the degree

OF

BACHELOR OF BUSSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Under the supervision of

MR MAYANK GUPTA

IDEAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

KARKARDUMA, DELHI-110092

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CERTIFICATECertificate that this project report titled “character ethics ” is the bonfide work ofMr. Aamir Qaisar who carried out the research under my supervision. Certifiedfurther that to the best of my knowledge the work report here in does not formpart of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of which degree oraward was confirmed on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

MR. MAYANK GUPTA

( )

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PREFACEThe report contains very nice and well arranged topics related to the subject“CHARACTER ETHICS”. The main contents of this project describes that ‘That whatare ethics’, Code of Ethics’, ‘Business Ethics’ and many other topics which iscountable in the “CHARACTER ETHICS ”.

The project report also contains a description of “Business Ethics “which is veryimportant for an organization to work fairly in an environment.

Overall this reports my work like a guide for the subject “CHARACTER ETHICS”.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank MR. MAYANK GUPTAfor his valuable support, guidance and suggestion. Under his able to accomplishmy project with confidence. I would also like to thanks my friends and my siblingswho directly or indirectly helped me in my project. I would also like to sincerelythank our Ideal Institute of management and Technology. Where, I spared mytime to have access to wide information on internet.

DATE:

PLACE:

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OBJECTIVE OF STUDYEven granting that business ethics is important, many seem to believe that thereis no point in studying the subject. Ethics is something you feel, not somethingyou think. Finance, Marketing, operations, and even business law lend themselvesto intellectual treatment, but ethics does not.

The idea that ethics has no intellectual content is odd indeed, considering thatsome of the most famous intellectuals in world history have given it a centralplace in their thought (Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Maimonides, Thomas Aquinas,etc.). Ethics is in fact a highly developed field that demands close reasoning. TheWestern tradition in particular has given rise to sophisticated deontological,teleological and consequentiality theories of right and wrong. No one theoryexplains everything satisfactorily, but the same is true, after all, in the naturalsciences.

Even when they grant that ethics has intellectual content, people often say thatstudying the field will not change behavior. Character is formed in earlychildhood, not during a professor’s lecture.

If the suggestion here is that college-level study does not change behavior, weshould shut down the entire business school, not only the ethics course.Presumably the claim, then, is that studying finance and marketing can influenceone’s conduct, but studying ethics cannot. This is again a curious view, sinceethics is the one field that deals explicitly with conduct. Where is the evidence forthis view? The early origins of character do not prevent finance and marketingcourses from influencing behavior. Why cannot ethics courses also have aneffect?

Ethics courses have a number of features that seem likely to influence behavior.They provide a language and conceptual framework with which one can talk andthink about ethical issues. Their emphasis on case studies helps to make oneaware of the potential consequences of one’s actions. They present ethical thattheories help define what a valid ethical argument looks like. They teach one tomake distinctions and avoid fallacies that are so common when people make

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decisions. They give one an opportunity to think through, at one’s leisure,complex ethical issues that are likely to arise later, when there is no time to think.They introduce one to such specialized areas as product liability, employment,intellectual property, environmental protection, and cross-cultural management.They give one practice at articulating an ethical position, which can help resistpressure to compromise. None of this convinces one to be good, but it is useful tothose who want to be good. It may also improve business conduct in general.How many of the recent business scandals would have occurred if subordinateshad possessed the skills, vocabulary and conceptual equipment toraise an ethical issue with their coworkers?

Ethics not only should be studied alongside management, but the two fields areclosely related. Business management is all about making the right decisions.Ethics is all about making the right decisions. So what is the difference betweenthe two? Management is concerned with how decisions affect the company,while ethics is concerned about how decisions affect Everything. Managementoperates in the specialized context of the firm, while ethics operates inthe generalcontext of the world. Management is therefore part of ethics. A business managercannot make the right decisions without understanding management in particularas well as ethics in general. Business ethics is management carried out in the realworld. This is why business managers should study ethics.

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CONTENTSTOPICS Page no.

CERTIFICATE………………………………………………………………………………..… 2

PREFACE………………………………..…...………………………………………………….. 3

ANCKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………..…….…………… 4

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY…………….. ……………….…………………………..….…. 5-6

CHAPTER – 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 10-15

DEFINITONS ON ETHICS

FEATURES OF ETHICS

BUSINESS ETHICS

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ETHICS

CHAPTER - 2 INTRODUCTION TO IBM 17- 39

Company profile

Business summary

S.W.A.T. Analysis

Competitor Analysis

Code of Ethics (followed by IBM)

CHAPTER – 3 40- 41 CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF BUSINESS ETHICS

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CHAPTER – 4 42-44

LEVELS OF ETHICAL DECISIONS IN BUSINESS

CHAPTER - 5 46-48

NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS ETHICS

CHAPTER – 6 49-50

ELEMENTS OF BUSINESS ETHICS

CHAPTER- 7 MYTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF BUSINESS ETHICS 52- 55

Myths that surround business ethics

Resolving business ethics issues

Limitations of business ethics

CHAPTER- 8 56-58 QUESTIONNAIRE DATA ANALYSIS RECOMMENDATIONS

CHAPTER- 9 59

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CONCLUSION 60

BIBLIOGRAPHY 61

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CHAPTER.1Review of literature

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REVIEW OF LITRATUREThe term ethics refers to value oriented decisions and behavior. It comes from theGreek word ‘Ethos’ which means character, guiding beliefs, standards or idealsthat pervade a group, community or people. Today, ethics is considered as thestudy of morals behavior. Terms such as business ethics, corporate ethics, medicalethics or legal ethics are used to indicate the particular area of application. Ethicsinvolved in such area must still refer to value – oriented decisions and behavior ofindividuals. A famous saying is there –“If a man violates some rules he is wrong according to law, but in ethics he iswrong only if he thinks of doing so.”

SOME DEINATION OF ETHICSEthics are kind of like morals and common sense. it is what you think is right orwrong. Being "ethical" means trying to be reasonable and doing what you think isright.

Ethics can be considered as moral philosophy. It deals with critical analysis ofmorality. Ethics searches a reasonable ground to our moral standards. It dealswith answering questions such as `what ought to be`, not `what is`.

The science of moral obligation; a system of moral principles, quality, or practice.The moral obligation to render to the patient the best possible quality of dentalservice and to maintain an honest relationship with other members of theprofession and mankind in general.

Ethics is the science of morality or the systematic study of moral rules andprinciples. The term "morality" refers to rules which prescribe the way peopleought to behave and principles which reflect what is ultimately good or desirablefor human beings. .

The study and evaluation of human conduct in the light of moral principles. Moralprinciples may be viewed either as the standard of conduct that individuals haveconstructed for themselves or as the body of obligations and duties that aparticular society requires of its members.

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Features of Ethics It contains principles of personnel and professional conduct. Existing norms and judgments may contain valuable insights but ethics sets

out to criticize and test them in terms of ultimate norms. It does not rest on feelings of approval or disapproval but in the careful

examination of the reality around us. It is not a law. Even though law enshrines many ethical judgments. It

criticizes law and customs to obtain more perfect rules for the conduct oflife. Law may permit things which are unethical.

What constitutes ethical behaviors in one society may be unethical inothers.

Ethics is involved in all human activities including business. There is needfor a science of ethics in every human Endeavour.

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Business Ethics

In business, ethics can be defined as the capacity to reflect on values in thecorporate decision making process, to determine how these values and decisionaffect various stakeholders groups, and to establish how managers can use theseobservations in day to day company management. Ethical managers strive forsuccess within the confines of sound management practices that arecharacterized by fairness and justice.

Business Ethics refers to the moral principles which should govern businessactivities. It provides a code of conduct for the managers. The purpose of businessethics is to guide managers and employees in performing their jobs. Ethics areconcerned with what is right and what is wrong in human behavior. They laydown norms of human behavior by the business. A few examples of ethics are:

To charge fair prices. To use fair weights for measurement of commodities. To pay taxes to government. To earn reasonable profits. To give fair treatment to workers.

The purpose of business ethics is to regulate both objectives of business and themeans adopted to achieve these objectives. Ethics covers all possible areas ofbusiness ends and means must be justifiable as per norms of the society.A business is an integral part of the society. It is in fact, a trustee of the resourcesof the society. So the business must observe the ethical standards of the societywhile using the resources. If a business fails to observe the social norms it willloose its public image.

Business ethics can be both a normative and a descriptive discipline. As acorporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. Inacademia descriptive approaches are also taken. The range and quantity ofbusiness ethical issues reflects the degree to which business is perceived to be atodds with non-economic social values. Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is aform of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles andmoral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to allaspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals andentire organizations.

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Business ethics has both normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporatepractice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. Academicsattempting to understand business behavior employ descriptive methods. Therange and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the interaction of profit-maximizing behavior with non-economic concerns. Interest in business ethicsaccelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both within majorcorporations and within academia. For example, today most major corporationspromote their commitment to non-economic values under headings such asethics codes and social responsibility charters. Adam Smith said, "People of thesame trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but theconversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance toraise prices." Governments use laws and regulations to point business behavior inwhat they perceive to be beneficial directions. Ethics implicitly regulates areasand details of behavior that lie beyond governmental control. The emergence oflarge corporations with limited relationships and sensitivity to the communities inwhich they operate accelerated the development of formal ethics regimes.

INTERNATIONAL ETHICS

DEFINITION

Morality: A set of principles or ideals that help an individual to distinguish rightfrom wrong, to act on this distinction, and to experience pride in virtuous conductand guilt/shame over conduct that violates one's standards. The three maincomponents of morality are: reasoning, behavior, and affect. Morality consists ofconcern for and the active promotion of the interests of others (altruism).

Moral designators Right: Any action which is justified by and consistent with a moral or

ethical framework; implies an obligation on anyone who accepts thesystem.

Wrong: Any action which fails to be justified or is inconsistent with a moralor ethical framework; an action forbidden to a anyone who accepts thesystem.

Permissible: Any action which is justified by and consistent with a moralor ethical framework but which does not imply an obligation.

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Ethics: The systematic philosophical investigation of moral systems. The systemof moral principles and rules that becomes standards for a group or forprofessional conduct.

Normative ethics: The systematic attempt to justify moral codes. Consequentialism: The rightness (or 'goodness') of an action is in some

way determined by the consequences which follow from the act. If anaction produces good consequences, it is the 'right' action.

Non-normative ethics: The systematic investigation of the logic andlanguage of moral systems, and the objectivity of moral systems.

Descriptivism: The investigation of the objectivity or relativity of the moralsystems. The fundamental question of a descriptivist is, "Are moralprinciples objective features of the world, or are they relative to someparticular individual, culture, or species?"

Law: Rules established by a governing authority to institute and maintain orderlycoexistence.

International business ethicsBusiness ethics is a branch of applied ethics that deals with the relationship ofwhat is good and right in business. This definition can be extended to cover globalbusiness ethics. It requires that business decisions should not be made exclusivelyfrom the narrow, economical perspective, but also the global social and ecologicalconcerns should be taken into account. This means that people who work in thebusiness life should consider how their economical decisions affect other people,environment or the society on the whole, not only in the home country but alsothe host country. In other words, it means that the interests of all the relevantparties, or "stakeholders" should be acknowledged and weighed. Having definedthe term theoretically, it should be made clear that a uniform set of standards ofbusiness ethics, applicable to the global community as a whole, is yet to bedefined.

While business ethics emerged as a field in the 1970s, international businessethics did not emerge until the late 1990s, looking back on the internationaldevelopments of that decade. Many new practical issues arose out of the

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international context of business. Theoretical issues such as cultural relativity ofethical values receive more emphasis in this field. Other, older issues can begrouped here as well. Issues and subfields include:

The search for universal values as a basis for international commercialbehavior.

Comparison of business ethical traditions in different countries. Comparison of business ethical traditions from various religious

perspectives. Ethical issues arising out of international business transactions; e.g.

bioprospecting and biopiracy in the pharmaceutical industry; the fair trademovement; transfer pricing.

Issues such as globalization and cultural imperialism. Varying global standards - e.g. the use of child labor.

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CHAPTER.2Introduction to IBM

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CASE STUDY

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CASE STUDY

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CASE STUDY

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C0MPANY PROFILEInternational Business Machines Corporation,or IBM, is anAmerican multinational technology and consulting corporation, withheadquarters in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sellscomputer hardware and software, andoffers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas rangingfrom mainframe computers to nanotechnology.

The company was founded in 1911 as the Computing Tabulating RecordingCompany (CTR) through a merger of three companies: the Tabulating MachineCompany, the International Time Recording Company, and the Computing ScaleCompany. CTR adopted the name International Business Machines in 1924, usinga name previously designated to CTR's subsidiary in Canada and later SouthAmerica. Its distinctive culture and product branding has given it the nickname

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Key Executives

Pay Exercised

Mrs. Virginia M. Rometty , 55Chairman, Chief Exec. Officer, Pres and Chairman of Exec.Committee

2.44M 2.59M

Mr. Mark Loughridge , 58Chief Financial Officer of Fin. & Enterprise Transformationand Sr. VP

2.27M 0.00

Mr. Steven A. Mills , 60Sr. VP and Group Exec. of Software & Systems

2.20M 9.26M

Mr. Michael E. Daniels , 57Sr. VP and Group Exec. of Services

2.36M 2.33M

Mr. Samuel J. Palmisano , 61Sr. Advisor

9.91M 25.02M

Amounts are as of 31-Dec-2011 and compensation values are for the last fiscalyear ending on that date. Pay is salary, bonuses, etc.Exercised is the value ofoptions exercised during the fiscal year.

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Business Summary

International Business Machines Corporation provides information technology (IT)products and services worldwide. The company operates in five segments: GlobalTechnology Services, Global Business Services, Software, Systems and Technology,and Global Financing. The Global Technology Services segment provides ITinfrastructure and business process services, including strategic outsourcing,process, integrated technology, and maintenance services, as well as technology-and process-based services.

The Global Business Services segment offers consulting and systems integration,and application management services. The Software segment offers middlewareand operating systems software, such as WebSphere software to integrate andmanage business processes; information management software for database andenterprise content management, information integration, data warehousing,performance management business analytics, intelligence, and data analytics;Tivoli software for identity management, data security, storage management,cloud computing, enterprise mobility, and automation and provisioning of thedatacenter; Lotus Software to connect people and processes for communication;rational software to support software development for IT and embeddedsystems; security systems software; and operating systems software. The Systemsand Technology segment provides computing power and storage solutions; andsemiconductor technology products and packaging solutions.

The company’s Global Financing segment provides lease and loan financing to endusers; commercial financing to dealers and remarketers of IT products; andremanufacturing and remarketing of equipment. The company was formerlyknown as Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. and changed its name toInternational Business Machines Corporation in 1924. International BusinessMachines Corporation was founded in 1910 and is headquartered in Armonk,New York.

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Product Name Platform Genre Release Date

IBM 104-Key Rapid Access II Keyboard Input Devices

IBM 36Z15 Storage

IBM Deskstar 120GXP Storage 4th Quarter 01

IBM Deskstar 180GXP Storage

IBM Deskstar 22GXP Drive Storage

IBM Deskstar 34GXP Drive Storage 3rd Quarter 99

IBM Deskstar 37GP Storage 3rd Quarter 99

IBM Deskstar 40GV Storage



IBM G96 Video

IBM Ideascan 2000 Digital Imaging

IBM Infoprint 12 Printers

IBM Infoprint 21 Printers 2nd Quarter 00

IBM Microdrive 1GB Storage

IBM NetVista X41 Systems

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IBM P92 Video

IBM P96 FDT (Stealth Black) Video

IBM PC Camera Pro Max Video

IBM T20 Systems

IBM T54A Video 1st Quarter 00

IBM T55D Video

IBM T560 Video

IBM T85A Video

IBM Thinkpad 240 Series Systems





IBM Thinkpad A21P Systems

IBM ThinkPad A30p Systems

IBM Thinkpad i Series 1400 Systems

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IBM Thinkpad i Series 1500 Systems

IBM ThinkPad T23 series Systems

IBM ThinkPad T30 Systems

IBM Thinkpad TransNote Systems

IBM Thinkpad X Series Systems

IBM ThinkPad X31 Systems

IBM Ultrastar 146Z10 Storage

IBM Ultrastar 36LZX Storage

IBM Ultrastar 73LZX Storage

The Adventures of Hyperman

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About IBMIBMers value...

Dedication to every client’s success. Innovation that matters – for our company and for the world. Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships.

IBM is a global technology and innovation company that stands for progress. Withoperations in over 170 countries, IBMers around the world invent and integratehardware, software and services to help forward-thinking enterprises, institutionsand people everywhere succeed in building a smarter planet.

IBM has been present in India since 1992. The diversity and breadth of the entireIBM portfolio of research, consulting, solutions, services, systems and software,uniquely distinguishes IBM India from other companies in the industry.IBM India'ssolutions and services span all major industries including financial services,healthcare, government, automotive, telecommunications and education, amongothers. As a trusted partner with wide-ranging service capabilities, IBM helpsclients transform and succeed in challenging circumstances.

IBM has been expanding its footprint in India - and has a presence in over 200cities and towns across the country - either directly or through its strong businesspartner network. IBM India has clearly established itself as one of the leaders inthe Indian Information Technology (IT) Industry - and continues to transform itselfto align with global markets and geographies to grow this leadership position.Widely recognised as an employer of choice, IBM holds numerous awards for itsindustry-leading employment practices and policies.

IBM is a values-based enterprise of individuals who create and apply technologyto make the world work better. Today, about 400,000 IBMers around the worldinvent and integrate hardware, software and services to enable forward-thinkingenterprises, institutions and people everywhere to succeed on a smarter planet.

Major Operations Global Technology Services Primarily provides outsourced ITinfrastructure services and business process services. Global Business ServicesPrimarily provides professional services and application outsourcing services.

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Systems and Technology Provides clients with solutions that require advancedcomputing power and storage capabilities, as well as leading semiconductortechnology and products. Software Consists primarily of middleware that enablesclients to integrate systems, processes and applications, and operating systemssoftware that runs computers. Other Our Sales organization and our Research,Development and Intellectual Property organization also deliver value to clients.

ValuesSince its inception, IBM has been a company that defines itself by fundamentalvalues—not by products, technologies or leaders. Today, shared values are moreessential than ever before—for enterprises, for individuals and for the globallyintegrating society of the 21st century. In 2003, IBMers worldwide came togetherto renew and define our core values, which now serve as the foundation of IBM’sculture and brand, and the guide for each IBMer’s work, decisions andrelationships.

IBM invested more than $50B in R&D and acquired more than 100companies from 2000–2008.

IBM have transformed our processes and the way we run the company. A major part of this shift has been to build a 21st century workforce. Increased learning opportunities. And improved our ability to effectively deploy the expert skills of IBMers.

The Professional Marketplace: An application used to quickly deploy talent toclients, organizes the work history and skills of IBMers into 8,100 specialized skillsets that include 17 industries and areas of expertise from business intelligenceand analytics to virtualization and green solutions. The application also containslanguages spoken, visa, status and availability.

introduction:These are system crises—from security, to climate, to food and water, to energy,to financial markets and more. Together, they tell us that our economy andsociety are now globally integrated. They also tell us that the systems by whichthe world works must be transformed. In their current forms, they areunsustainable.

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Over the past decade, we have seen, from multiple angles, that we are allconnected: economically, socially, technically, biologically, and environmentally.When a crisis occurs on one part of the planet—whether from microbes, malwareor mortgages—it can bring problems to the entire planet within days… or evenhours.We can now see that being connected isn’t enough. The way the world literallyworks has to become smarter.

Assist victims of natural disastersWhen disasters strike, speed and coordination of relief efforts can make thedifference between life and death. Those involved need to understand quicklywhat is happening on the ground and how to make a maximum impact. Victims inSri Lanka, Philippines, Indonesia, Peru and China’s Sichuan Province havebenefited from Sahana, an open source, Web-based “disaster relief in a box”management system. The software, supported by IBM, provides essential toolsfor tracking missing persons, coordinating relief efforts and managing pledges forsupport.

Address food shortagesFood shortages are felt locally, but their causes—and solutions—are global andsystemic. Escalating energy and grain costs, climate change and demand forbiofuel caused some food prices to rise by almost 40 percent in 2008. One way tohelp is to improve the food itself. IBM’s World Community Grid is being used tocompute genetic data to develop stronger strains of rice—aiming for larger, morenutritious yields, pest and disease resistance, and better water and nutrient use.

Make energy grids more efficientWith businesses and societies facing often volatile energy supplies, a smart gridcan save electricity and money and the planet, by linking smart meters in thehome with instrumented power lines and plants. And it even paves the way tointegrate renewable sources like wind and solar. IBM today is leading seven of theworld’s top ten automated meter projects.

Improve educational opportunities

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Education around the world faces systemic challenges in curriculum, teachertraining, and retention. IBM’s multifaceted response includes creating theReinventing Education program which brings the right groups together to identifybarriers, develop solutions and implement them via the BlueSky open sourceportal. IBM’s Reading Companion voice-recognition technology is used by morethan 700 schools and nonprofit organizations in 22 countries. And more than 10million children have benefited from our early childhood interactive learningcenters.

Preserve at-risk waterwaysThe United Nations predicts that nearly half the world’s people will experiencecritical water shortages by 2080—in large part because water isn’t managed as aglobal system. With today’s technology, we can create a reliable, up-to-the-minute view of water use. IBM and The Nature Conservancy are buildingadvanced, Web-based tools for river basin management.

Develop new models for community serviceIn emerging markets, the most critical and challenging aspect of long-termeconomic stimulus is developing expertise—the skills to compete globally. In 2009five hundred of IBM’s future leaders from nearly 40 countries will completeassignments in our Corporate Service Corps. Now in its second year, IBM’s“corporate Peace Corps” is sending teams of employees to nine emergingcountries to work on projects that combine economic development and jobcreation—preparing them and their local partners alike to function as true globalleaders.

Plan the growth of our citiesAll the world’s systems—from transportation, to energy, to healthcare, to food, toeducation and more —come together in our cities. IBM is helping cities across theworld get smarter—smart traffic systems in London, Brisbane and Singapore;smart crime fighting in New York; smart energy in Houston; smart water in SaoPaulo; smart buildings in Shanghai. The opportunities and the innovations keepgrowing. In cities across the world, we’re helping improve information sharingacross agencies to provide more efficient municipal services.

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Business conduct & ethics

IBM is committed to principles of business ethics and lawful conduct. It is IBM'spolicy to conduct itself ethically and lawfully in all matters and to maintain IBM'shigh standards of business integrity.

Employees must at all times comply with IBM's business conduct and relatedguidelines. Violation of any IBM guideline is cause for discipline, includingdismissal from the company. Employees should consult their managementimmediately if they have any question whether their actions could violate an IBMguideline.

Furthermore, it is IBM's practice to voluntarily and promptly disclose knownviolations of government procurement laws to appropriate officials ofgovernment. In the event that IBM benefited economically from such knownviolations, it is our practice to reimburse the government customer accordingly.IBM employees should immediately make known to appropriate levels ofmanagement, either directly or through the Open Door or Speak-Up programs,any and all allegations of violations in connection with any government contract.

The Senior Vice President and General Counsel is responsible for providingspecific instructions regarding business conduct and ethics and, as appropriate,directing periodic reviews, including business conduct guideline certificationprograms, to ensure compliance. Each operating unit or subsidiary is responsiblefor implementing such instructions, including administering certificationprograms.

Workforce diversityThe employees of IBM represent a talented and diverse workforce. Achieving thefull potential of this diversity is a business priority that is fundamental to ourcompetitive success. A key element in our workforce diversity programs is IBM'slong-standing commitment to equal opportunity.Business activities such as hiring, promotion, and compensation of employees, areconducted without regard to race, color, religion, gender, gender identity orexpression, sexual orientation, national origin, genetics, disability, or age. These

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business activities and the design and administration of IBM benefit plans complywith all applicable laws, including those dealing with equal opportunity. Forqualified people with disabilities, IBM makes workplace accommodations thatcomply with applicable laws, and which IBM determines are reasonable andneeded for effective job performance. In respecting and valuing the diversityamong our employees, and all those with whom we do business, managers areexpected to ensure a working environment that is free of all forms of harassment.

This policy is based on sound business judgment and anchored in our IBM Values.Every manager in IBM is expected to abide by our policy, and all applicable lawson this subject, and to uphold IBM's commitment to workforce diversity.Global employment standards

At IBM, we have always set high standards for the way we conduct business – inareas from corporate and social responsibility to sound business ethics, includingcompliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

These Conduct Principles apply to all IBM employees. However, they are notmeant to describe the full scope of IBM human resource policies or practices.More detailed statements of policies, procedures and practices are contained indocuments such as the IBM Business Conduct Guidelines. Employees are requiredto comply with all IBM policies, procedures and practices at all times and areresponsible for consulting their management if they have any questions.Our goal is to ensure full compliance with these principles by IBM managers andemployees. A companion to this document, the IBM Supplier Conduct Principles,governs our relationships with and standards for IBM suppliers.

Forced or involuntary laborIBM will not use forced or involuntary labor of any type (e.g., forced, bonded,indentured or involuntary prison labor); employment is voluntary.

Child labourIBM will not use child labour. The term "child" refers to any employed personunder the age of 16, or under the age for completing compulsory education, orunder the minimum age for employment in the country, whichever is greatest.We support the use of legitimate workplace apprenticeship, internship and othersimilar programs that comply with all laws and regulations applicable to suchprograms.

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Wages and benefitsIBM will, at a minimum, comply with all applicable wage and hour laws andregulations, including those relating to minimum wages, overtime hours, piecerates, nonexempt or exemption classification and other elements ofcompensation, and provide legally mandated benefits.

Working hoursIBM will not exceed maximum hours of work prescribed by law and willappropriately compensate overtime. Employees will not be required to workmore than 60 hours per week, including overtime, except in extraordinarybusiness circumstances with their consent or where the nature of the positionrequires such work, as for exempt employees and employees in executive,managerial or professional positions. In countries where the maximum work weekis shorter, that standard shall apply. Employees should be allowed at least oneday off per seven-day week.

Nondiscrimination and harassmentIBM will not discriminate in hiring, promotion, compensation of employees andemployment practices on grounds of race, color, religion, age, nationality, socialor ethnic origin, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity or expression, maritalstatus, pregnancy, political affiliation, disability or veteran status. IBM will createa work environment free of discrimination or harassment based on race, color,religion, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, national origin,disability, age or veteran status.

Respect and dignityIBM will treat all employees with respect and dignity and will not use corporalpunishment, threats of violence or other forms of physical coercion orharassment.

Freedom of associationIBM will respect the legal rights of its employees to join or to refrain from joiningworker organizations, including labor organizations or trade unions. IBM complieswith legal requirements worldwide regarding employee and third-partyinvolvement. IBM respects the rights of employees to organize, and makesmanagers at all levels aware of those rights. The company's long-standing belief isthat the interests of IBM and its employees are best served through a favorable,collaborative work environment with direct communication between employees

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and management. IBM endeavors to establish such favorable employmentconditions, to promote positive relationships between employees and managers,to facilitate employee communications, and to support employee development.

Health and safetyIBM will provide its employees with a safe and healthy workplace in compliancewith all applicable laws and regulations. Consistent with these obligations, IBMwill have and will implement effective programs that encompass things such aslife safety, incident investigation, chemical safety, ergonomics, and will providesafe standards of health and safety in any housing and transportation providedfor our employees by the company.

Protection of the environmentIBM is committed to worldwide leadership in environmental protection. Inaddition to complying with applicable environmental laws and regulations, everyemployee must comply with IBM's environmental policy and the corporatedirectives and requirements that support that policy. Employees are expected toreport any environmental concern or violation of environmental law or IBMrequirements to their management. Managers are expected to take promptaction.

Laws, including regulations and other legal requirementsIBM will comply with all applicable laws, regulations and other legal requirementsin all locations where it conducts business.

Ethical dealingsIBM expects its employees to conduct business in accordance with the highestethical standards, and maintains Business Conduct Guidelines that employees arerequired to follow. IBM strictly complies with all laws and regulations on bribery,corruption and prohibited business practices.

CommunicationsIBM makes available to all employees open communications channels forsuggestions and complaints to management. IBM maintains channels for directcontact with the corporate office for employee complaints, including any form ofharassment including sexual harassment.

Monitoring/record keeping

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IBM will perform business audits to ensure adherence to our policies, practicesand procedures. We will keep records in accordance with local laws andregulations.

PrivacyIBM is committed to protecting the privacy and confidentiality of informationabout its employees. IBM recognizes that under the laws of some countriescertain information about employees – such as information regarding racial orethnic origin, political opinions or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership,and health or sex life – should be considered "sensitive." Whenever possible, suchsensitive information should be processed in aggregate or anonymous form sothat a particular individual is not identifiable. Where this is not feasible, IBM willprocess the information only in accordance with applicable local law (and anydesignated safeguards provided therein); and with employee consent whererequired; or where necessary for the establishment, exercise or defense of legalclaims.

Support for employees and community involvementIBM provides numerous programs for employees to encourage and enhance thepositive impact of their community involvement. These global programs include:On Demand Community, a suite of online tools and resources to supportemployee volunteerism; Community Grants, a program that awards long-termvolunteer commitments with grants of cash or IBM equipment, and MatchingGrants, a program through which IBM matches employee grants to schools andnonprofit organizations.

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SWOT ANALYSIS OF IBM

Strengths : - Right strategy for the right products. Superior customer service vs. competitors. Great Brand Image. Products have required accreditation. High degree of customer satisfaction. Good place to work Lower response time with efficient and effective service. Dedicated workforce aiming at making a long-term career in the field.

Weakness : – Some gaps in range for certain sectors. Customer service staff need training. Processes and systems, etc Management cover insufficient. Sectoral growth is constrained by low unemployment levels and

competition for staff

Opportunities : – Profit margins will be good. Could extend to overseas broadly. New specialist applications. Could seek better customer deals. Fast-track career development opportunities on an industry-wide basis. An applied research center to create opportunities for developing

techniques to provide added-value services.

Threats : - Legislation could impact.

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Great risk involved Very high competition prevailing in the industry. Vulnerable to reactive attack by major competitors. Lack of infrastructure in rural areas could constrain investment. High volume/low cost market is intensely competitive.

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COMPETITOR’S OF IBM

International Business Machines (NYSE: IBM) is a leading global technology firmthat offers a variety of products and services in the information technologyindustry. Their current businesses consist of 5 major divisions: Global TechnologyServices segment; a Global Business Services segment; a Software segment; aSystems and Technology segment; and a Global Financing segment. In 2006 IBMlost its position as the number one IT company to Hewlett-Packard in terms ofannual revenue (difference of $235 million between revenues of HPQ and IBM).In 2009, that lead widened as HP generated $118.3 billion in revenue while IBM'srevenue came in at $95.76 billion.

Although IBM lost its first place rank to Hewlett-Packard in terms of revenue, IBMis a far more profitable business (boasting a gross profit of $43.8 billion for FY09)than Hewlett-Packard (gross profit of $28.4 for FY08). There are severalunderlying factors that contribute to IBM's high profitability which has increasedevery year since 2005. One of the reasons for the increase has been uppermanagement's active effort towards divesting from cyclical and commoditizingbusinesses, while concentrating on the higher value services and softwaresectors.In 2009, revenue declined 7.6% to $95.8 billion due to declines in sales fromgrowing markets.Although IBM's main competitors are Hewlett-Packard Company(HPQ) and Dell (DELL), each of these companies has a different focus area. Dellmakes most of its money on PC and server hardware, whileHewlett-Packard ismore diversified as the leader in PCs and Imaging & Printing as well as offering ITservices. Since IBM relies heavily on its Software and Services segment, it mainlycompetes with Hewlett-Packard in the servers and IT services markets and withDell in the servers and software markets.

Despite falling behind HP in 2009 in terms of revenue, IBM is the leader in servers,IT services, and software. Also IBM leads HP and Dell in all measures ofprofitability, largely because IBM is focused on high-margin sectors such asservices and software and has gotten out of the thin-margin PC business, in whichHP and Dell are still heavily involved. With the global recession this divestmenthas proved to be beneficial for IBM with its profitability still growing even with areduction in revenue.

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In addition to HP and Dell, IBM also competes with smaller IT consulting firmssuch as Accenture (ACN). However, IBM leads these companies by a large marginin terms of revenue, profitability, and scale. For example, in 2009 Accenturegenerated $18.2 billion in revenue and $1.8 billion in operating income, whereasIBM generated $58 billion in revenue for its Global Services business unit.

Direct Competitor Comparison

IBM ACN HPQ MSFT Industry

Market Cap: 218.63B 51.17B 24.43B 233.14B 10.35B

Employees: 440,885 257,000 N/A 94,000 1.50K

Qtrly RevGrowth(yoy):

-0.05 0.02 -0.07 -0.08 0.08

Revenue(ttm):

104.69B 27.86B 120.36B 72.36B 2.60B

GrossMargin(ttm):

0.48 0.32 0.23 0.75 0.45

EBITDA(ttm):

26.51B 4.19B 14.38B 28.79B 647.00M

OperatingMargin(ttm):

0.21 0.14 0.08 0.36 0.00

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Net Income(ttm):

16.26B 2.55B -12.65B 15.71B N/A

EPS (ttm): 13.91 3.84 -6.41 1.85 N/A

P/E (ttm): 13.91 17.75 N/A 14.97 13.68

PEG (5 yrexpected):

1.29 1.41 N/A 1.04 1.47

P/S (ttm): 2.05 1.82 0.19 3.13 2.05

ACN = Accenture plc

HPQ = Hewlett-Packard Company

MSFT = Microsoft Corporation

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CODE OF ETHICS FOLLOWED BY IBM

INTRODUCTIONThis Code of Ethics / Conduct intends to ensure adherence to highest businessand ethical standards while conducting the business of the Bank and compliancewith the legal and regulatory requirements, the rules and regulations framedthere under by the Securities and Exchange Commission of USA and otherstatutory and regulatory authorities in India and USA. IBM values the ethicalbusiness standards very highly and intends adherence thereto in every segmentof its business.

Applicability This Code of Ethics/Conduct is applicable to the following persons. The Board Members Officials of the company one level below the Board

Ethical conductThe Board members / Officials shall engage in and promote honest and ethicalconduct of business, including the ethical handling of actual and / or apparentconflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships.

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Conflict of interestThe Board members / Officials shall avoid conflict of interest and disclose to theBoard any material transaction or relationship that reasonably could be expectedto give rise to such a conflict.

Confidentiality of InformationThe Board members / Officials shall ensure and take all reasonable measures toprotect the confidentiality of non-public information about the Bank, its business,customers and other materially significant information obtained or created inconnection with any activities with the Bank and to prevent the unauthoriseddisclosure of such information unless required by applicable laws or regulations orlegal or regulatory process.

Disclosure of InformationThe Board members / Officials shall endeavor to produce full, fair, accurate,timely and understandable disclosures in reports and documents that the Bankfiles with or submits to the Securities and Exchange Commission and otherregulators and in other public communications made by the Bank.

Compliance with Governmental Laws, Rules and RegulationsThe Board members / Officials shall comply with all the applicable governmentallaws and the applicable rules and regulations.

Variation of the Code and WaiversThe Code shall be reviewed from time to time for updation thereof. Any variationin the Code or any waivers from the provisions of the Code shall be approved bythe Board and shall be disclosed on the Bank's website.

Contract or Term of EmploymentNothing in this Code or other related communications by itself creates or impliesan employment contract or terms of employment.Violation of the CodeThe Board shall have the powers to take necessary action in case of any violationof the code.

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Chapter.3Conceptual model of

business ethics

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CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF BUSINESS ETHICS

Business Ethics

Managerial Moral problems thatBeliefs manager face in decision making

Managerial beliefs concerning: Illegal acts Unethical or questionable practices

Examples: Fraud, Bribery Dumping of pesticides

Micro level problems: Fairness in performance appraisal Accepting Gifts Confidentiality of company Treatment of problem employees Confronting expense account

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chapter.4levels of ethical decisions in

business .

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LEVELS OF ETHICAL DECISIONS IN BUSINESS

1. Societal level2. Stakeholders level3. Internal policy4. Individual Level

Level 4

Individual

Level 3

Internal policy

Level 2

Stakeholders

Level 1

Society

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1.Societal Level:At this level, ethical questions about the basic institutions in society are asked.These represent an ongoing debate among major competing institutions includingbusiness.

2.Stakeholders Level:In a business enterprise include employees, suppliers etc. Here they ask abouthow they deal with external groups. For example, should a company inform itscustomers about the potential dangers of its product?

3.Internal Policy Level:At this level we ask questions about the nature of enterprise relations withemployee both managers and workers. So also questions of motivationtechniques, leadership roles, work rules etc. are involved at this level.

4.Individual Level:At this level, we ask questions concerning how individual person should treat oneanother within the firm. These questions deal with day to day issues oflife in any enterprise but in the ultimate analysis, they set the tone of ethicalbehavior of business at higher levels.

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chapter.5need and importance of businessethics.

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NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS ETHICS

More important is the fact that today a businessman is pressurized by variousenvironmental factors to follow a business practice which is ethical from society’spoint of view irrespective of its impact on business profits. Such a significance ofbusiness ethics is attributable to following reasons:

Environmental Pressures:As apart of overall economic system, a business organization is pressurized byvarious environmental factors to act credibly and behave ethically. Thus abusiness enterprise may have no option but to desist from undesirable tradepractices like hoarding and profiteering due to pressure from consumer forums.

Enlightened self interest:Today’s businessman firmly believes that business ethics are in their own selfinterest. That is if business enterprise follows business practices, it will lead tohigher profits and prosperity in the long run.

Moral consciousness:It would not be an exaggeration to say that most business people behave

ethically because of their moral consciousness. Like any other member of the

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society business people also believe that ethical business conduct is goodbusiness as well as good citizenship.

Legal Requirements:In almost every sphere of business activity laws have been enacted which declarecertain business practices.

For a business owner, there is a very fine line between doing what's best forthe profitability of the company and crossing the line over into the unethical.While many may argue that there is no place for personal values in the dog eatdog world of business, the truth is that ethics can make or break a growingbusiness in a number of ways. Business ethics is far from the only thing that mustbe addressed for entrepreneurs. Luckily you can find many more useful tips fornew businesses It is generally accepted that society values ethics from theirbusinesses. Companies are boycotted for unethical behavior and profits go downas does consumer trust in the company. When consumers and clients feel theycannot trust a business, their natural reaction is to end their loyalty in thatbusiness which in turn, lowers the company's profits. If a company can maintaintheir clients’ loyalty by acting reasonably and ethically while still remaining in theblack financially- no small feat for even the most moral business owner- they willfind continued success as the business grows and expands.

But how exactly does a business remain ethical? The question is one asked timeand time again and often there is no clear answer. The ethics of a business aredetermined by those running it, and understanding the concept does not makefor an ethical business owner. This goes for all employees and not just a CEO.

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Because of this many ethical business will perform a criminal record check for allnew job applicants. He or she must have strong moral values and beliefs andhave a determination to uphold those beliefs before even entering into thebusiness world. The person must also have a strong character and be able tohandle challenging situations. Oftentimes it is a difficult decision to choosebetween doing what is ethical and doing what is best for the business.

Take the example of the small business phone system industry. Telecom is anecessity in every person's life and the industry is of course aware of this. Duringa seller's market- that is, there are more buyers than sellers, reducing the varietyof choice available to the customer- if a store maintains their prices and does notincrease to take advantage of the consumers who have little other choice, theywill gain the respect and loyalty of their customers during the subsequent buyer'smarkets, when consumers have more choices for shopping and stores aregenerally competing for customers. The stores that remained fair to theircustomers even when they could have raised profits by acting unethically,increase their profitability in the long run.However, the consumer is not the onlyone that businesses must act ethically towards. It is equally important that theyhave their employees’ best interests in mind. Let's look at the grocery store again.During the buyer's market, when profits are presumably down and the store maybe having trouble attracting new customers or keeping the old, the store mayneed to lay off a number of employees. However, in times of low profits, theowners and those high up on the corporate ladder should also be feeling the heatfrom the troublesome times. If a C.E.O. keeps his current, million dollar salarywhile hundreds of thousands of minimum wage workers get cut, word will soonget out that the company is acting unethically and not only will they losecustomers but when the business is ready to rehire, qualified potential employeeswho may have applied in the past will not out of fear that they may just get laidoff when times are tough.

Business ethics can also relate to how we behave in other professional settingsoutside of our own place or work when we ourselves are the customer. Honestyand integrety are just as important in these situations. This is a sentiment sharedby the professionals at The Northwich Group in their dealings with personalinvestments.

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Chapter.6elements of business ethics

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ELEMENTS OF BUSINSS ETHICSBusiness Managers must come to appreciate the key elements that comprisemaking ethical judgments. There are six major elements that are essential ethicaljudgments:

1. Ethical Imagination:Developing ethical imagination means being sensitive to ethical issues in businessdecision making and the ability to identify those situations where people are likelyto be detrimentally effected by decision making.

2. Ethical Identification and Ordering:It refers to the ability to judge the relevance or non relevance of ethical factors indecision making situations. In addition to their identification, ethical issues mustbe ranked.

3. Ethical Evaluation:To evaluate ethical factors business persons have to develop clear principles,basis of weighing those factors and the ability to make out the likely ethical aswell as economic outcomes of a decision.

4. Sense of Ethical Obligation:This refers to the intuitive or learned understanding that ethical fibers – a concernfor fairness, justice and due process to people, groups and communities should bewoven into the fabric of managerial decision making.

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Chapter.7myths and limitations of business

ethics:

Myths that surround business ethics

Resolving business ethics issues

Limitations of business ethics

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Myths that surround business ethicsPractically business ethics at the workplace connotes an alignment between whatthe organization values and how to go about it. It means that the all the day today operations or activities carried out by employees are in tandem with theorganizational policies without any deviations. There are however lots of mythsthat surround business ethics and their relevance and effectiveness.

Many management thinkers and philosophers believe that business ethics alterspeople’s values. They cease to be what they are, which comes in way ofrealization of their full potential. Instead business ethics should be aboutmanaging values and conflict resolution. Conflict management is what they stressthe most upon.

There is a continuous tension between individual and organizational ethics. Manyorganizations believe that most of their human resources are ethical already andneed not be trained upon. When such an ethical dilemma arises, it arises becausethere is a clash of principles that differ in their result priorities. Again there ethicsto counter that are equally reasonable! So what do you choose?

One more myth that surrounds business ethics is that it is well managed and theprerogative of philosophers and theologians. They say that there is no such termas business ethics that can decide how organizations go about their day to dayactivities. Most of this may be attributed to lack of participation of businessleaders in ethical decision making process and their interest in the same.

Business ethics is also criticized as being nothing new. It is believed to somethingthat only avows what is good and which is logical and known to everyone. Butwhen we look at the same from the perspective of stakeholders, the society andemployees who work at the bottom of the pyramid, it safeguards the interests ofall these groups. Organizations cannot function in a programmed mannerensuring there is no breach of a certain code in the absence of ethics and values.Business ethics in the context of corporations is recent, but it is fairly old if we talkof general business transactions. Cicero wrote about business ethics in his book‘On Duties’. It looks recent because of the corporate social responsibilitymovement that started in early 1970’s.

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Yet another myth that surrounds business ethics is that business ethics cannot bemanaged which is totally wrong. In reality business ethics is managed or exercisedindirectly in some way. Organizations priorities can also be reflective of the ethicsfollowed in the organizations. For example a sales driven organization is bound tobe aggressive naturally, whereas one that is into the business of hospitality isbound to be different.

Certain other sections of people in management believe that business ethics andsocial responsibility are the same. They are not! In fact corporate socialresponsibility is only a small part of it. Corporate social responsibility concernsitself with managing business dealings and the interface with the society; it doesnot deal with ethics at the workplace. However both fall under the continuum ofbusiness ethics.

Know the PrinciplesIn ethical decision making there are three basic principles that can be used forresolution of problem. These three principles are that of intuitionism, moralidealism and utilitarianism. The principle of intuition works on the assumptionthat the HR person or the manager is competent enough to understand theseriousness of the situation and act accordingly, such that the final decision doesnot bring any harm to any person involved directly or indirectly.

The principle of moral idealism on the other hand states that there is a cleardistinction between good and bad, between what is acceptable and what is notand that the same is true for all situations. It therefore asks to abide by the rule oflaw without any exception.

Resolving business ethics issuesIn a business setting mangers are put to test when they face the challenge ofresolving an ethical dilemma. Often certain situations do not fall in the ambit ofprocedures or the official code of conduct and this is when the managers feel theheat.The problem with ethical decision making is that a decision in itself cannot betaken in a vacuum; one single decision affects lots of other decisions and the keyis to strike a balance to ensure a win-win situation is arrived upon.Though there are no golden rules to resolve ethical issues but managers can takea number of initiatives to resolve ethical issues. A brief description is given below.

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Utilitarianism concerns itself with the results or the implications. There is no cleardistinction between what is good and what is bad; the focus is on the situationand the outcome. What may be acceptable in a certain situation can beunacceptable at some other place. It underlines that if the net result of thedecision is an increase in the happiness of the organization, the decision is theright one.

Debate Moral ChoicesBefore taking a decision, moral decisions need to be thought upon and not justaccepted blindly. It is a good idea to make hypothetical situations, develop casestudies and then engage others in brainstorming upon the same. This throwssome light into the unknown aspects and widens the horizon of understandingand rational decision making.

Balance Sheet ApproachIn balance sheet approach, the manager writes down the pros and cons of thedecision. This helps arrive at a clear picture of things and by organizing things in abetter way.

Engage People Up and Down the HierarchyOne good practice is to announce ones stand on various ethical issues loudly suchthat a clear message to every member of the organization and to those who areat the greater risk of falling prey to unethical practices. This will prevent theemployees from resorting to unethical means.

Integrating Ethical Decision Making into Strategic ManagementMorality and ethical make up for a perennial debate and ethical perfection isalmost impossible. A better way to deal with this is to integrate ethical decisionmaking into strategic management of the organization. The way the HR managergains an alternate perspective rather than the traditional employee oriented orstakeholder oriented view.

All these steps can bring better clarity into resolving ethical dilemmas. The choicelies with the manager and his own and the organization value clarity.

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Limitation‘s of business Ethics

An organization is an amalgamation of various individuals and there is aconflict of interest at the personal level between these members, each oneis concerned about his benefits and neutral or opposing to the benefits orgood of others. This conflict of interest leads to situations that are morallychallenging to the manager who wants to be moral and righteous to hisown conscience and serve the interests of the organization. Here thedilemma arises on deciding upon the course of action.

In the second case a conflict arises when there is a distinction to be madeabout facts and values. This implies a situation where a manager confronts‘what is’ and weighs the same against ‘what ought to be’. For example anorganization may spend lots of resources upon developing, researching orupgrading a certain product and service, which gets reflected in the finalprice of the latter. This increase in price may be looked upon as exploitativeby the end users!

Yet another difficulty arises in cases when there is a fine line dividing thegood from the bad or the evil and in situations when there is a difference ofopinion on what is morally permissible and what is not. Undoubtedly, in oursociety the good and the evil exist side by side. Example in case, Nestleinfant formula lead to many deaths in Kenya because the formula wasprepared in contaminated water. The same formula proved life saving inother countries. The challenge lies in minimizing the evil and trying to arriveupon a consensus.

In an era of uncertainty, it is almost impossible to predict the outcomes ofdecision making. One of the principles of ethical decision making assumesthat the outcome of a decision is known and that the decision that resultsin greatest good for greater number of people is the best. Practically,anticipating the exact outcome of a course of action is impossible. Thisuncertainty is at the root of all difficulties in ethical decision making.

Page | 56

Chapter.8Questionnaire

Data analysis

Recommendation

Page | 57

Questionnaire

Discriminant Analysis

Employee Involvement = fn (Fun/enjoyment+Knowledge+participation)

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

Perceptual Map

activities attributes

Qualitycircle

2nd QuadrantTeamwork

Fun/enjoyment

Relaxation

Motivation

Decision-making

ParticipationSelf-develop

ment

Creativity

Knowledge

Phy. Activ.

Suggestion

Schemes

Morning

Meeting

Festivals

Library

CFT’s

Family

Involvement

1st Quadrant

4th Quadrant 3rd Quadrant

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Data Analysis

In 1st Quadrant attributes, which are covered in circle, are moving around to CFT& Quality Circle is fully satisfied by the employees.

From Activities:Quality circles, CFT’s, Suggestion schemes, Morning stand up meeting, Library,Festivals all these activities are doing well, from these-employees are satisfy butdis-satisfied from open house, picnic/tours.

From Attributes:Employees’ getting Knowledge, Self-development, Team work, Participation,Awareness & Motivation they all are moving around these activities butsomewhere lacking from decision-making & family involvement.

Recommendation:Employees’ are not aware about the open house, so programs should run by theorganization to give them proper knowledge.Family involvement, picnic/tours is necessary.

Suggestions:As per the analysis of questionnaire-

There is a need to improve some activities of CFT. From personal interview & grid we recognize that picnic/tours are

prominent to engaged employees in the work, where family get involveddeeply which is very important for employees’ as well as for company toincrease their efficiency.

People are concerned for knowledge, teamwork and self-development soactivities should be there to increase these attributes.

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Recommendations:

Facility of locker is provided to the contractor.

(CFT) Management committee must work on quality of activity notquantity.

Related to habits (questionnaire should be there. E.g.-whether you areusing dustbins or not), Awareness should be there or give training relatedto manners & etiquettes.

Frame Assembly:

Complaint resolution procedure is not up to date there should be a weeklyresolution process.

Swasthya CFT arrange its activities to regular employees (it should cover allthe employees)

There is no proper exhaust system in production hall; by that humidity levelis very high at work place.

Quality circle participants for international convention – minimum ofmembers should there & above.

Quality circle member’s maximum 5 members for each circle. The temperature variation should be maintained according to atmosphere

temperature. Organization should have enjoyable workplace & healthy relationship at all. Rest area should be provided near sub-assembly areas, not far away. So

that to consume rest time timely. Hospitality facilities Appropriate platform is there to put your problem in front of management. Response should be given towards problem.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

It refers to the method adopted to collect the relevant data and otherinformation, which forms the basis of the thesis writing. So for the effectivewriting of the thesis report, the data must be quality oriented. My research ismainly based on the secondary data.

RESEARCHResearch is a studious inquiry or examination; especially : investigation orexperimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision ofaccepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of suchnew or revised theories or laws".

METHODOLOGYMethodology is a way of thinking about and studying social reality and is a way tosystematically underneath the reasons behind the phenomenon. Themethodology followed for conducting the study includes the specification ofresearch design, sample design, questionnaire design, data collection andstatistical tools used for analyzing the collected data.

DATA SOURCESecondary data represents information that already exists somewhere, havingbeen collected for another purpose. The secondary data that are available arerelatively quick and inexpensive to obtain, especially now that computerizedbibliographic search services and databases are available. The various sources ofthe secondary data and how they can be obtained and used are described ahead.Most secondary data are generated by specialized firms and are sold to marketersto help them deal with a category of problems. Nielsen’s television ratings, whichmarketers use in making advertising decisions, is the best-known example. Manyof these services, broadly categorized as audits, commercial surveys, and panels,allow some degree of customization and thus fall between secondary and primarydata.

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We’ve looked at three approaches to business ethics, and we’ve seen that allthree have limitations. If we hope to find an approach to business ethics that isfree from conceptual problems, we will not likely find any. Ethics is a complexsubject and its history is filled with diverse theories that are systematicallyrefuted by rival theories. So, we should expect to find controversies whenapplying ethics to the specific practices of business. However, following any of theabove three approaches to business ethics will bring us closer to acceptable moralbehavior than we might otherwise be. Close attention to one’s profit motive andthe moral interests of consumers might in fact generate some morally responsiblebusiness decisions.

We can indeed find additional moral guidance by looking at the laws that applyspecifically to businesses. In gray areas of moral controversy that are notadequately addressed profit motives and the law, we can turn for guidance to avariety of general and specific moral principles.

In addition to the above three approaches to business ethics, it also helps toexamine stories of businesses that have been morally irresponsible. By citingspecific cases deceptive advertising, environmental irresponsibility, or unsafeproducts, we can learn by example what we should not do. Such cases oftenreveal blatantly crude, insensitive, or reckless attitudes of businesses, which wecan view as warning signs of unethical conduct.

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1. "Ethics the easy way". H.E.R.O...2. "Miliband draws up green tax plan". BBC.3. Friedman, Milton (1970-09-13). "The Social Responsibility of Business is to

Increase Its Profits", The New York Times Magazine.4. Hare, R. M. (1999). "What is wrong with slavery". Philosophy and Public

Affairs 8: 103–121.5. Enderle, Georges (1999). International Business Ethics. University of Notre

Dame Press, 1. ISBN 0-268-01214-8.6. http://www.google.com7. George, Richard de (1999). Business Ethics.8. http://www.stthom.edu/academics/centers/cbes/jonachan.html9. http://www.ibm.com

Further reading Albertson, Todd. (2007). The Gods of Business: The Intersection of Faith

and the Marketplace. Los Angeles, CA: Trinity Alumni Press. Behrman, Jack N. (2009). Essays on Ethics in Business and the Professions.

Englewood Cliffs, NJ: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice_Hall

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