IB HL History Mr. Blackmon IB HL History Paper 03 History ...teachers.dadeschools.net/dblackmon/IB World History/07 Essays/Pa… · 2 Examine the view that the role of the mestizo

IB HL History Mr. Blackmon

IB HL History Paper 03 History of the Americas Essays Organized by HL History Details

Revised 2007

Topic 1 The Colonial Period• political and economic relationship with the colonial lpowers: Britain, France,

Spain, Portugal• social and economic organization of the immigrant population• role of religion in the New World• treatment of indigenous peoples• the origins of slavery

17 Compare and contrast British and Spanish colonial administrations in America in the eighteenth century. (HL) (1987)

37 Compare and contrast the economic and political role of the Roman Catholic Church in French and Spanish America. (HL) (1988)

57 What were the similarities and differences in the colonial policies of Britain and Spain in the New World in the eighteenth century? (HL) (1989) (HL) (1989)

97 How well did Britain and Spain govern their American colonies? (HL) (Nov 1991)

117 Define mercantilism and explain how TWO of the colonial powers applied it in the Americas in the eighteenth century. (HL) (1991)

127 Compare and contrast the role of agriculture in the colonial economies of TWO countriesof the region. (HL) (1992)

146 Compare and contrast the role of religion in the settlement of TWO areas of the region. (HL) (1993)

167 Compare the reasons of TWO of the major imperial powers for undertaking colonization in the eighteenth century. (HL) (1994)

187 Compare and contrast the various types of labor in any TWO areas of the region in the second half of the eighteenth century. (HL) (1995)

207 How effective were TWO imperial powers in the government of their American colonies in the eighteenth century? (HL) (1996)

226 Compare and contrast the social and economic groupings of one Latin American and one North American colony in the eighteenth century. (HL) (1997)

IB HL History Mr. BlackmonPaper 03 Questions by Topic Page 2

246 Assess the impact of the Christian Churches on the native populations in the Americas during the colonial period. (HL) (1998)

271 Examine the role of religion in two colonies of the region. (HL) (1999)

296 Compare and contrast the treatment of indigenous peoples in two countries of the region in the eighteenth century. (HL) ( Nov. 99)

320 Analyze the social structure of the immigrant population of the colonial society in anytwo parts or countries of the region in the second half of the eighteenth century. (HL)(2000)

346 In what ways and for what reasons did the treatment of indigenous peoples in the eighteenth century differ in the Americas? At least two specific examples should be discussed. (HL) (2001)

371 To what extent did either Britain or France govern their colonies in the Americas fortheir own economic gain? (HL) (2002)

396 Explain why the treatment of indigenous peoples in the colonial period differed considerably according to the origin of the colonists. ? (HL) (2003)

421 Compare and contrast the treatment of indigenous peoples in two countries of the region. (HL) (2004)

444 Compare and contrast the reasons for the establishment of slavery in two areas of the Americas. (HL) (2005)

469. Compare and contrast the main features of the administration of British and Spanishcolonies by the middle of the eighteenth century. (HL) (2006)

494 Assess the role of Christianity in one of the following colonial areas: British; Spanish;French. (HL) (2006)

521 Analyse the effects of colonial rule on Native American societies in two areas of theregion. (2008)

Topic 2 Movement of Independence• causes–political, economic, social, intellecutal, religious–and conflicts leading to war• role of outside powers• role of the social classes• role of leadership: Washington, Jefferson, Bolivar, San Martin• the Declaration of Independence


• independence of Brazil• Haitian Revolution and the Republic: Toussaint L’Ouverture

2 Examine the view that the role of the mestizo during and after the Wars for Independencebrought about significant changes in cultural, social and political order in LatinAmerica. (1985)

20 Assess the nature and importance of the role of the Creoles in the Latin American Warsof Emancipation. (1987)

38 What were the major issues in the quarrel between Great Britain and her North Americancolonies in the years 1763-1776? (HL) (1988)

40 Assess the role of the individual leadership in the Latin American Wars ofEmancipation. Include representatives of at least TWO different countries.(HL) (1988)

58 Why did Quebec not join the other thirteen colonies in their rebellion against Britain in1776? (HL) (1989)

77 Why did the Thirteen Colonies rebel against Britain and how were they able to win theirindependence? (HL) (1990)

78 "A brilliant soldier but a poor politician." How far do you agree with this verdict onSimon Bolivar? (HL) (1990)

98 What was the role of class conflict in the Latin American Wars of Independence? (HL)(Nov 1991)

118 What were the roles of the different social classes in the Latin American Wars ofIndependence? (HL) (1991)

126 Why was Brazil's transition to independence basically peaceful? (HL) (1991)

128 "Wars of independence in the Americas were essentially conservative and not trulyrevolutionary at all." In reference to the aims of revolutionary leaders, to what extent doyou agree with this assessment? Use at least TWO examples. (HL) (1992)

147 "The American Revolution and the Latin American Wars of Independence haveabsolutely nothing in common." Discuss. (HL) (1993)

168 Why did revolution occur in the United States in 1776 and not until after 1800 in LatinAmerica? (HL) (1994)

188 Why were the causes of the wars of independence in Latin America more social than


political? (HL) (1995)

208 What similarities and what differences do you find in the causes of the AmericanRevolution (1776) and the Latin American Wars of Independence (1810 and after)? (HL)(1996)

210 “Haiti’s achievement of independence was unique in the hemisphere.” How far do youagree with this judgement? (HL) (1996)

227 By what groups and for what reasons was independence opposed in the United States in1776 and in one Latin American country in 1810 and after? (HL) (1997)

247 “Wars of independence in the Americas were primarily caused by political factors.” Towhat extent do you agree with this statement for the period 1775 to 1850? (HL) (1998)

272 “Most revolutions in the Americas merely replaced the colonial rulers with a home-grown political elite.” How valid is this claim that Wars of Independence in theAmericas during the eighteenth and early nineteenth century did not mark a radicalchange from the past? (HL) (1999)

273 Analyze the economic causes of (a) the War of Independence in the United States and (b)one War of Independence in Latin America. (HL) (1999)

297 How did conflicts and rivalries among European nations both help and hinder thestruggles for independence in America? (HL Nov. 99)

321 “Wars of Independence in the Americas were primarily caused by economic grievances.” Discuss how far this claim is justified with reference to any one war of independence inthe region in the period 1775 to 1850. (HL) (2000)

347 Compare and contrast the leadership role of two of the following in Wars ofIndependence in the US and Latin America: Washington, Jefferson, Bolivar, San Martin. (HL) (2001)

349 How did Brazil achieve independence from Portugal in the nineteenth century, and whywas the Brazilian path to independence different from that of Spanish America? (HL)(2001)

347 Compare and contrast the leadership role of two of the following in Wars ofIndependence in the US and Latin America: Washington, Jefferson, Bolivar, San Martin. (HL) (2001)

372 Assess the impact on the social classes, in at least two countries in the Americas, of theWars of Independence in those countries. (HL) (2002)


397 Analyze the role of different social classes in the Wars of Independence in either theUnited States or Latin America. ? (HL) (2003)

398 Compare and contrast the role of leadership of two of the following: Washington,Jefferson, Bolivar, San Martin. (HL) (2003)

422 Analyze the role, and assess the impact, of outside powers on two wars of independencein the Americas. (HL) (2004)

445 "Wars of Independence in the Americas were primarily caused by political grievances."To what extent do you agree with this view? Support your answer with detailed referenceto any one war of independence in the period 1775 to 1824. (HL) (2005)

470. Evaluate the relative impact of economic measures and political ideas, in promotingindependence in two colonies of the region. (HL) (2006)

495 Compare and contrast the leadership roles of George Washington and Simon Bolivar inthe Wars of Independence in the United States and Latin America. (HL) (2007)

522 To what extent were the ideas of the Enlightenment a cause of independence movementsin either the United States or Latin America? (2008)

523 In what ways did the Declaration of Independence of 1776 justify the United Statesseparation from Britain? (2008)

Topic 3 Evolution of new governments and confederation• United States Constitution: --Articles of Confederation, philosophical underpinnings;

major compromises.• Emergence of political parties in the USA to 1830• Role of the executive and the emergence of caudillos.• Regionalism and definitions of authority.• Rebellions of 1837: the Durham Report and responsible government.• Confederation Period in Canada.• British North America Act 1867: compromises and unresolved issues, sectionalism, and

effects

1 "Both the conservatism and radicalism found in British North America (Canada) emergedthrough the influence of the United States.

To what extent and why is this observation correct or incorrect from the time of theAmerican Revolution to the rebellions in the Canadas? (1985)

3 Discuss the struggle between Montreal and New York for the trade of the continental


interior of North America (1814-1866), bringing other Canadian and American metropolitan centers into the discussion where appropriate. Why was New York successful? (1985)

4 Explain the contrasts in the success of representative forms of government adopted in theUnited States and in Latin America countries after Independence. (1985)

5 Compare and contrast the effects of westward expansion from the mid-eighteenth to the end of the nineteenth centuries on the Indians of any TWO of the following countries: Argentina; Canada; the United States. (1985)

18 How and with what success did the U.S. Constitution attempt to solve the problems ofthe Confederation period? (1987)

19 Why was the War of 1812 of vital importance to the Canadas? (1987)

22 What were the problems of colonial government in the Canadas in the first half of thenineteenth century? How did Canadians attempt to deal with them? (1987)

23 Identify and explain at least THREE issues that divided political parties in TWO of the following countries in the nineteenth century: the United States; Mexico; Argentina. (1987)

24 Trace the steps by which the border between the United States and Canada was established and explain why it was essentially unfortified. (1987)

39 Discuss the nature and extent of trade relations between the United States and Canada in the first half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (1988)

42 All of the Canadian provinces had good reason to oppose Confederation. Why then did it occur? (HL) (1988)

59 How revolutionary was the US Constitution? (HL) (1989)

60 How did the War of 1812 influence US/Canadian relations in the nineteenth century?(HL) (1989)

62 What impact did Lord Durham have on developments in Canada? (HL) (1989)

79 What is meant EITHER by "Jeffersonian Democracy" OR "Jacksonian Democracy"? Explain the importance of the Presidency of either man to the development of the United States. (HL) (1990)

99 Which features of the US Constitution were new? (HL) (Nov 1991)


101 What role did Britain play in establishing the Canadian Confederation of 1867? (HL)(Nov 1991)

119 Identify three problems of the Confederation period in the USA. How was each resolved in the constitution? (HL) (1991)

120 Why did the Americans invade Canada in 1812? (HL) (1991)

122 To what extent was the United States the catalyst in Canadian Confederation in 1867? (HL) (1991)

128 What were the main political issues of the Jeffersonian period and how were they resolved? (HL) (1992)

131 What were the main problems of Latin American countries in the generation following independence? Use examples from at least TWO countries (HL) (1992)

132 What problems did Confederation hope to solve in Canada? (HL) (1992)

148 To what extent was the United States Constitution revolutionary? (HL) (1993)

151 Which groups gained and which lost from the Canadian Confederation in 1867? (HL) (1993)

169 Discuss the role of leadership in the formation of new governments in TWO countries of the region in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. (HL) (1994)

171 Analyze the political problems of Upper and Lower Canada prior to the rebellions of 1837. (HL) (1994)

189 Compare the role of the executive in the new governments of TWO countries of the region before 1860. (HL) (1995)

191 What were the political problems in the Canadas in the first half of the nineteenthcentury? How did both the Canadians and the British attempt to deal with them? (HL) (1995)

193 Why did Brazil become a monarchy in 1822 and a republic in 1889? (HL) (1995)

209 What were the goals of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and to what extent did it achieve them? (HL) (1996)

211 What were the forces favoring Confederation in Canada and why? (HL) (1996)


228 What were the political and economic problems of the Confederation period in theUnited States and how successful were attempts to solve them? (HL) (1997)

230 How successful was Confederation in responding to Canada’s political and social problems? (HL) (1997)

248 What problems faced the United States under the Articles of Confederation and how far did the United States Constitution solve them? (HL) (1998)

249 Analyze the problems of Upper and Lower Canada prior to the rebellions of 1837. (HL)(1998)

274 How and why did Brazil achieve independence from Portugal in the nineteenth century? (HL) (1999)

298 Assess the impact of the War of 1812 on both Canada and the United States. (HL) (November 1999)

299 Was the United States’ Constitution a revolutionary document? (HL) (November 1999)

303 Evaluate the effects of economic effects of the British North America Act (1867) on Canada. (HL) (November 1999)

322 Compare the problems that emerged in the formation of new systems of goverrnment in two countries of the region after their war of independence. (HL) (2000)

348 “I have already intimated to you the danger of parties . . . . “ (George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796) Why, despite George Washington’s warnings, did political parties emerge in the US in the period 1796-1828? (HL) (2001)

349 How did Brazil achieve independence from Portugal in the nineteenth century, and why was the Brazilian path to independence different from that of Spanish America? (HL) (2001)

350 “The causes of the 1837 rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada had little in common.” How far do you agree with this claim? (HL) (2001)

373 To what extent were the grievances expressed in the Declaration of Independence successfully addressed by the Articles of Confederation? (HL) (2002)

374 In 1865, a Canadian politician said, “The British North American colonies face a choicebetween Confederation or absorption into the United States”. How accurate, in youropinion, was this observation? (HL) (2002)


399 What were the main features of the Articles of Confederation, and how successful wasthe government that resulted from them? (HL) (2003)

400 Discuss the reasons why the Durham Report recommended French-Canadianassimilation. (HL) (2003)

423 “The Constitution of the United States, agreed between 1789 and 1791, was arevolutionary document for its time.” To what extent do you agree with this claim? (HL) (2004)

446 Analyse the main problems facing the United States under the Articles of Confederation(1781). How far did the United States Constitution (1788) solve them? (HL) (2005)

471. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail to provide strong government'? (HL) (2006)

472. "The nineteenth century did not bring Latin America the order and prosperity that theliberators had hoped for." With reference to two or more countries, to what extent do youagree with this judgment? (HL) (2006)

496 For what reasons, and in what ways, was the United States constitution of 1787 a “bundleof compromises”? (HL) (2007)

497 Analyse the political problems of Upper and Lower Canada prior to the rebellions of1837. (HL) (2007)

524 Using examples from at least one country, explain why the caudillos emerged in LatinAmerica in the nineteenth century. (2008)

525 Analyse the internal and external factors that led to the establishment of the CanadianConfederation. (2008)

Topic 4 Slavery in the Americas• conditions of enslavement: adaptation and resistance• the pro-slavery argument• insurrections and reactions• life of the free African-Americans• pro-abolition arguments

21 "Slavery was essentially a benign system."

Using examples from at least TWO countries in the region, evaluate this historicalviewpoint. (1987)


41 "Although few of them were slave-holders, the majority of farmers feared the abolition ofslavery."

Evaluate this statement in the light of (A) the economic role of slaveryand(B) the social implications of slavery in TWO countries in the region. (HL)

(1988)

61 Beginning in the 1830s, national governments began to support and implement the end ofenslavement. Compare methods of manumission and abolition in at least TWO countriesof the region. (HL) (1989)

80 What social and economic roles did slavery serve in EITHER the United States OR Brazilin the nineteenth century? (HL) (1990)

100 "Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean was profoundly different from slavery in theUnited States." How far do you agree with this assertion? (HL) (Nov 1991)

121 "Slaves were basically content with their position. White reformers stirred them up." With specific reference to (A) the nature of slavery and (B) the abolitionist movements,show how far you agree with this statement. Reference should be made to at least TWOcountries from the Caribbean and/or mainland America. (HL) (1991)

129 Why were slave insurrections and revolts generally unsuccessful? Use examples fromTWO countries. (HL) (1992)

149 Assess the economic profitability of slavery in TWO countries of the region. (HL) (1993

170 What were the major arguments for and against slavery in the period before 1860? (HL)(1994)

190 What were the major similarities and differences in the master-slave relationship in theslave cultures of any TWO countries in the region? (HL) (1995)

229 Who opposed slavery in the Americas and why? (HL) (1997)

250 “In the nineteenth century blacks were allowed greater economic and social mobility inLatin America than in the United States.” How do you account for this difference? (HL)(1998)

275 Analyze the reasons why slavery in the Americas was supported by different social andeconomic groups. (HL) (1999)

300 How and why did the antislavery movement in the United States change during the course


of the nineteenth century. (HL) (November 1999)

323 Why was the slave rebellion in Haiti successful, while slave rebellions elsewhere in theAmericas before 1850 failed? (HL) (2000)

351 Analyze the major similarities and differences in the master-slave relationship in the slaveculture of two countries of the region during the nineteenth century. (HL) (2001)

375 Analyze the conditions that produced slave insurrections either in the United States orBrazil. To what extent were these insurrections successful? (HL) (2002)

401 “The wasteful economy of slavery was replaced by the productive economy based onsalary.” With reference to two countries of the region, explain to what extent you agreewith this view. (HL) (2003)

424 Who opposed slavery in the Americas and why? (HL) (2004)

447 Analyse the main arguments of(a) those who supported slavery;(b) those who opposed slavery. (HL) (2005)

473. For what reasons and, in what ways, did supporters of slavery in the nineteenth century uselegal, religious, and economic arguments in its defence'? (HL) (2006)

498 Evaluate the economic and social conditions of free African Americans in one country ofthe region during the nineteenth century. (HL) (2007)

526 For what reasons, and with what impact, did abolitionism develop in the north of theUnited States? (2008)

Topic 5 United States Civil War: causes, course and effects• Political, economic, social causes.• The course of the war: the role of African-American soldiers; the role of women.• The impact of the war on society.• Abraham Lincoln and the role of leadership.• Political, economic, and cultural effects.• Reconstruction and the post-Reconstruction South.

6 Why was it possible for the North and the South in the United States to reach acompromise on the issue of slavery expansion in 1820 and 1850 but not in 1860? (1985)

25 Assess the importance of slavery as a cause of the American Civil War. (1987)

44 Discuss the significance of the following relationship between North and South in the


period 1820-1860:

(A) the Missouri Compromise(B) the Compromise of 1850(C) the Kansas-Nebraska Act. (HL) (1988)

64 Were the causes of the American Civil War primarily political, social, or economic? (HL)(1989)

81 "The surprising fact is not that the Confederacy lost the American Civil War but that itsurvived as long as it did." Discuss. (HL) (1990)

103 What were the main political results of the Civil War in the United States? (HL) (Nov1991)

124 What were the political issues underlying the American Civil War? (HL) (1991)

130 How important were the abolitionists in the coming of the Civil War? (HL) (1992)

150 In what ways and to what extent were race relations in the South changed by the Civil Warin the United States? (HL) (1993)

173 How successful was Reconstruction following the American Civil War? (HL) (1994)

192 "The United States Civil was entirely an economic struggle" To what extent do you agreewith this assessment? (HL) (1995)

212 To what extent was the expansion of slavery into the territories the primary cause of theUnited States Civil War? (HL) (1996)

231 What were the political causes and results of the US Civil War? (HL) (1997)

251 Assess the contribution made by African-American soldiers during the United States CivilWar. (HL) (1998)

276 Assess the successes and failures of Reconstruction in granting civil and political equalityfor former slaves in the southern states of the United States. (HL) (1999)

301 “It was the result of tensions between two ways of life.” “The war was caused byunnecessary fanatical agitations.” Which of these explanations for the outbreak of theCivil War in the United States do you consider to be the most appropriate and why? (HL)(November 1999)

324 Compare the political, economic, and military strengths and weaknesses of the North andSouth United States at the beginning of the United States Civil War in 1863? (HL)


(2000)

325 “The attempts in the Reconstruction period 1865 to 1877 to solve problems caused by theCivil War failed African-Americans.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? (HL) (2000)

351 “Abraham Lincoln has been given greater credit than he deserves for the emancipation ofslaves in the US.” How far do you agree with this statement? (HL) (2001)

376 To what extent did economic and social differences cause the United States* Civil War? (HL) (2002)

402 Analyze the immediate and longer-term political effects of the United States Civil War inthe period 1865 to 1896. (HL) (2003)

425 Why did the United States Civil War break out in 1861? (HL) (2004)

448 "Abraham Lincoln's leadership was the main reason why the Union won the Civil War."To what extent do you agree with this claim? (HL) (2005)

474. Assess the relative strengths of the North and the South at the beginning of the UnitedStates Civil War in 1861. (HL) (2006)

499 Why, in spite of the advantages of the North over the South, did the civil War in theUnited States last so long? (HL) (2007)

527 Why was compromise no longer possible between the North and the South in the UnitedStates by 1860? (2008)

Topic 6 Economic and social developments in the Americas from the mid-19th century to1919.

• economic modernization: policies, characteristics and effects• neocolonialism and dependency• industrial developments and their impact on the Americas• territorial expansion and evolution of the railroads• labor and agrarian movements• external and internal population movements: immigrants and indigenous peoples,

economic and social effects.• women and reforms

28 Analyze the contribution made, and the problems posed, by immigrants to any TWOcountries in the region. (1987)


45 What were the main problems in the creating of unified states that faced Argentina andMexico in the nineteenth century? (HL) (1988)

43 Compare and contrast the role of the railroad in United States and Canadian growth. (HL)(1988)

46 Compare and contrast the patterns of urban growth in the United States and one country inLatin America prior to 1900. (HL) (1988)

47 Discrimination against Asians was a common problem in the western United States andCanada up to the First World War. Discuss the similarities in (A) origins of the prejudiceand (B) the legal outcomes (HL) (1988)

48 What were the contributions of European immigrants in the twentieth century to thedevelopment of any TWO countries of the region. Be specific in reference to ethnicgroups. (HL) (1988)

63 Describe the results of developing the transport systems in any TWO countries of theregion the nineteenth century. (HL) (1989)

65 Compare and contrast the westward expansion of the United States and Canada. (HL)(1989)

66 Canada and most Latin American countries have been faced with serious cultural,geographic and linguistic obstacles to political integration. Choose ONE Latin Americancountry and compare its approach to this problem with that of Canada. (HL) (1989)

70 Discuss the national origins and internal settlement patterns of European immigrants inTWO of the following in the period 1890-1920: (A) Canada; (B) the United States; (C)Argentina. (HL) (1989)

82 Compare and contrast the role of the railroad in the western expansion of the United Statesand Canada. (HL) (1990)

102 Compare and contrast the growth of industry before 1860 to any TWO countries of theregion. (HL) (Nov 1991)

110 What were the politics behind government involvement or non-involvement in theeconomies of TWO countries in the region between 1890 and 1914? (HL) (Nov 1991)

125 How successful was the National Policy in Canada? (HL) (1991)

133 During the nineteenth century, the United States, Canada and Latin America turned torailroad construction to solve perceived problems. What were these problems and howsuccessful were railroads in solving them in TWO countries of the region? (HL) (1992)


134 Compare the policies for settlement of unpopulated areas in the second half of thenineteenth century in TWO countries of the region? (HL) (1992)

152 Using specific examples from TWO countries, explain what factors influenced the growthof cities in the second half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (1993)

153 Compare the political and economic reasons for westward expansion in TWO countries inthe region 1870 to 1900. (HL) (1993)

155 Compare the economic and cultural impact of immigration in any TWO countries of theregion, 1890 to 1920. (HL) (1993)

172 Describe the progress of industrialization in any TWO countries of the region in the firsthalf of the nineteenth century. (HL) (1994)

174 Describe and explain the reasons for the patterns of population growth in TWO countriesof the region in the nineteenth century. (HL) (1994)

176 Compare the treatment of Asian immigrants in TWO countries of the region, 1890 to 1925. (HL) (1994)

194 How were native peoples treated during the territorial expansion of at least TWO countriesof the region in the nineteenth century? (HL) (1995)

195 Which groups contributed to and benefitted from urbanization in TWO Latin Americancities in the nineteenth century? (HL) (1995)

200 "The economic problems of Latin American countries all result from monoculture." Evaluate the statement using examples from at least TWO countries. (HL) (1995)

214 “In the nineteenth century, immigration was the most important factor in economicgrowth” Assess this view with evidence from TWO countries in the region. (HL) (1996)

232 Analyze the economic issues in Chile in the second half of the nineteenth century, and thevarious attempts to resolve them. (HL) (1997)

252 Examine the main characteristics of immigration and discuss its impact on one LatinAmerican country during the second half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (1998)

277 Explain the various reasons for the growth of railroads in the region in the period before1914. Support your answer with specific examples from two countires of the region. (HL) (1999)

302 Explain the effects of economic dependency in two countries of Latin America in the late


nineteenth century. (HL) (November 1999)

326 Analyze the factors which contributed to the movement of population in any two countriesof Latin America in the second half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (2000)

353 Examine the positive and negative effects of immigration in two Latin American countriesduring the second half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (2001)

355 Examine the causes for, and the impact of, the growth of union in two countries of theregion in the period 1890 to 1920. (HL) (2001)

353 Examine the positive and negative effects of immigration in two Latin American countriesduring the second half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (2001)

377 Define economic dependency and account for its emergence in, and importance for, onecountry of Latin America in the late nineteenth century. (HL) (2002)

253 How successful were French-Canadians outside the province of Quebec in retaining theirlinguistic and minority educational rights between 1867 and 1914? (HL) (1998)

277 Explain the various reasons for the growth of railroads in the region in the period before1914. Support your answer with specific examples from two countires of the region. (HL) (1999)

403 Using specific evidence from one or more countries in the region, assess to what extentimmigrants’ expectations of social and economic opportunities were fulfilled in the period1865 to 1919. (HL) (2003)

426 Explain the problems faced by Canada between 1867 and 1900. To what extent had theproblems been overcome by the end of this period? (HL) (2004)

427 In what ways, and for what reasons, were there changes in immigration policies in thesecond half of the nineteenth century in one country of the region? (HL) (2004)

450 In what ways, and to what extent, did the building of railroads stimulate economic activityin the Americas in the second half of the nineteenth century?(HL) (2005)

476. Explain why there was a high level of immigration into one country of the region, in thesecond half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (2006)

500 Assess the impact of immigration on one country of the region from the mid nineteenth tothe early twentieth century. (HL) (2007)

528 In what ways did the building of railroads stimulate economic activity in one country of


the Americas in the second half of the nineteenth century? (2008)

Topic 7 Political developments in the Americas from the mid-19th century to 1919• evolution of political institutions and ideological currents and movements• progressives• foreign and trade relations: Britain and France• domestic policies• involvement in the First World War• African-Americans: Booker T. Washington and WEB DuBois.• Role of leadership: Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, John A. MacDonald, or a

Latin American leader of the candidate’s choice.

9 Discuss the origins, nature and results of Canada's National Policy of tariff protection to1914. (1985)

11 Discuss the causes and effects of the rise of the caudillo in Latin America, with specificreference to THREE caudillo from different countries. (1985)

83 Explain the significance of (A) the Durham Report and the Act of Union 1838-40 and (B)the British North America Act of 1867 in the development of Canadian self-government.(HL) (1990)

104 Evaluate MacDonald's 'National Policy' with regard to (A) immigration; (B)transportation; and (C) tariff protection. (HL) (Nov 1991)

110 What were the politics behind government involvement or non-involvement in theeconomies of TWO countries in the region between 1890 and 1914? (HL) (Nov 1991)

154 Explain the failure of representative government in TWO countries of Latin America in thenineteenth century. (HL) (1993)

159 What did Canada hope to gain by sending armed forces outside her borders in: (A) the NileCampaign and (B) the Boer War? (HL) (1993)

175 Around what issues did political parties form in Latin America in the nineteenth century? With reference to TWO countries, explain the differences and similarities in issues andparties. (HL) (1994)

199 Why was the First World War so important both politically and economically to Canada'sdevelopment as a nation?" (HL) (1995)

213 Compare the success of representative government in any TWO countries of the region inthe nineteenth century. (HL) (1996)


217 “The National Policy was a complete success.” Evaluate its major aspects in relation tothe statement. (HL) (1996)

237 Assess the importance of the “conscription crisis” in Canada’s national development. (HL) (1997)

278 Discuss the short-term and long-term results of the British North America Act (1867) onCanada. (HL) (1999)

303 Evaluate the effects of economic effects of the British North America Act (1867) onCanada. (HL) (November 1999)

327 Explain the challenges faced by Canada between Confederation in 1867 and 1900, andassess how successfully they were overcome. (HL) (2000)

352 To what extent, and for what reasons, did French-Canadians outside Quebec provinceretain their linguistic and minority educational rights between 1867 and 1914? (HL)(2001)

358 Analyze the impact of the First World War upon the political and economic developmentof Canada between 1914 and 1930. (HL) (2001)

378 Analyze the treatment of the indigenous people of Western Canada between Confederationand the First World War. (HL) (2002)

405 In what ways and for what reasons, did the aims of the progressives appeal to people in theAmericas from the late 1890s to 1914? Support your answer with specific evidence fromone or more countries in the region. (HL) (2003)

429 Compare and contrast the ideas of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois onimproving the position of African-Americans in the United States. (HL) (2004)

449 Why were many Canadian provinces initially opposed to Confederation, and why did someof them join the Confederation in 1867 sanctioned by the British North America Act? (HL) (2005)

452 What were the aims of the Progressives, and to what extent were they achieved by 1920?Support your answer with specific examples from one or more countries of the region. (HL) (2005)

454 Compare and contrast the views of Booker T Washington (1856-1915) and Martin LutherKing Jnr (1929-68) on the advancement of African-Americans. (HL) (2005)

475. Why were some Canadian provinces not interested in Confederation by 1867? (HL)


(2006)

478. Explain how and why the position of African Americans improved in United States societybetween 1877 and 1945. (HL) (2006)

501 “It was the U-boat campaign of 1917 which brought the United States into the First WorldWar.” To what extent would you agree with this statement? (HL) (2007)

529 Analyse the domestic and foreign policies of one leader in one country of the regionbetween 1850 and 1919. (2008)

530 Assess the significance of Booker T Washington in the advancement of African-Americanrights. (2008)

Topic 8 Cultural and intellectual developments in the Americas from the mid-19th centuryto the First World War

• liberalism, nationalism, positivism, romanticism, social Darwinism• the arts, music and literature• reform and increase of education• technological and scientific developments

404 Assess the influence of intellectuals on society in one country in the region in the period1890 to 1919. (HL) (2003)

428 Analyze the main features and impact of one cultural or one intellectual development inthe Americas in the period from 1850 to 1919. (HL) (2004)

451 Compare and contrast the aims of education in any two countries of the region, in theperiod 1850 to 1919. (HL) (2005)

479 Analyse the main literary trends in two countries of the region between the 1850s and1920s. (HL) (2006)

502 Analyse the main features and impact of one cultural or intellectual development in theAmericas in the period 1850 to 1919. (HL) (2007)

531 Evaluate the influence of intellectuals on society in one country of the region during theperiod 1890 to 1919. (2008)

Topic 9 United States Foreign Policy in Latin America, 1898 to 1945• Background of United States policy,• The Monroe Doctrine and its redefinitions.• Establishment of spheres of influence--Spanish-American War; the Big Stick; Dollar

Diplomacy.


• Good Neighbor Policy and war-time alliances; Franklin D. Roosevelt.• Central America, including Panama, Nicaragua, and Cuba.

29 Compare and contrast U.S.-Latin American relations during the presidencies of TheodoreRoosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt. (1987)

69 Define the nature and assess the effectiveness of the US "Dollar Diplomacy" policy in LatinAmerica between 1900 and 1933. (HL) (1989)

128 What similarities and differences were there in the foreign policies of Theodore Rooseveltand Franklin Delano Roosevelt towards Latin America? (HL) (1991)

136 Trace the evolution of United States foreign policy in regard to Cuba from 1898 to 1959. (HL) (1992)

156 Why did the United States intervene so frequently in Central America before the SecondWorld War? (HL) (1993)

177 Why was Panama the last republic in the region to gain independence and how did thisoccur? (HL) (1994)

197 How far was the Spanish-American War a turning-point in relations between the UnitedStates and Latin America? (HL) (1995)

218 Compare the Latin American policies of TWO United States presidents between 1900 and1930. (HL) (1996)

235 Was Woodrow Wilson’s Latin American policy consistent with his Fourteen Points? (HL)(1997)

256 How far was the United States successful in implementing a “closed door” policy in LatinAmerica between 1898 and 1914? (HL) (1998)

280 Compare and contrast Woodrow Wilson’s and Franklin D. Roosevelt’s latin Americanforeign policy. (HL) (1999)

305 How did the Spanish - American War change United States policy toward the Caribbean? (HL) (November 1999)

330 For what reasons, and with what results, did the United States intervene in Latin America inthe period 1898 to 1932? (HL) (2000)

356 In what ways and for what reasons, did the US intervene in Latin America in the period1898 to 1932? (HL) (2001)


381 How successful was the United States* foreign policy towards Latin America in the firstdecade of the twentieth century? (HL) (2002)

406 With reference to two countries in the region, analyse the reasons for, and the effects of, theGood Neighbor Policy of the United States. . (HL) (2003)

430 Analyze the key developments of United States policy in Latin America in the period 1898to 1936. (HL) (2004)

453 "The Spanish-American War of 1898 was a turning point in relations between the UnitedStates and Latin America." To what extent do you agree with this statement? (HL) (2005)

479. "The main aim of Franklin Roosevelt's policy towards Latin America (1933-45) was toimprove relations between the two regions." Assess the validity of this statement. (HL)(2006)

503 Compare and contrast the policies towards Latin America of two United States presidentsbetween 1900 and 1945. (HL) (2007)

532 Define what the Monroe Doctrine was and analyse how it was applied in the late nineteenthcentury and early twentieth century. Support your answer with specific examples. (2008)

Topic 10 The Mexican Revolution: 1910 to 1940• Causes and course of the revolution.• Aims and roles of the leaders--including Zapata and Pancho Villa.• The Constitution of 1917.• Effects--immediate and long-term; political, social, economic and

cultural• The role of the USA.

11 Compare and explain the outcomes of two revolutions in Latin America, one successful,and one unsuccessful. (1985)

30 Compare and contrast TWO twentieth century Latin American revolutions with respect to(a) causes, (b) goals, (c) leadership and (d) achievements and failures. (1987)

49 What were the aims of the leaders of the Mexican Revolution? How far had these aims beenachieved by 1940? (HL) (1988)

68 To what extent did the Mexican Revolution succeed? (HL) (1989)

105 What were the main problems in Mexico in the second half of the nineteenth century andhow successful were both the proposed and the attempted solutions? (HL) (Nov 1991)

137 Why did the Mexican Revolution last so long? (HL) (1992)


158 What were the results of the Mexican Revolution? (HL) (1993)

198 "The revolution that began in Mexico in 1910 was the most genuine of the many LatinAmerican revolutions up to that time." To what extent do you support this statement? (HL)(1995)

216 Who deserves the title “Father of the Mexican Revolution” and why? (HL) (1996)

236 What were the economic problems which caused the Mexican Revolution and to whatextent were they solved by the Constitution of 1917? (HL) (1997)

257 Evaluate the extent to which the leaders of the Mexican Revolution could be considered aseither “revolutionaries” or “reformers.” (HL) (1998)

281 “Emiliano Zapata’s aim was Land and Freedom.” How successful and how lasting was theinfluence of Zapata on the Mexican Revolution? (HL) (1999)

282 Analyze the role of the United States in the Mexican Revolution. (HL) (1999)

306 Francisco Madero has been called “the Father of the Mexican Revolution.” To what extentdo you agree with this description? (HL) (November 1999)

331 “The Mexican Revolution of the early twentieth century was not one but two revolutions,one led by reformers and the other led by revolutionaries.” To what extent do you agreewith this view? (HL) (2000)

357 How important were economic grievances in causing the Mexican Revolution that began in1910 and to what extent were these grievances solved by the Constitution of 1917? (HL)(2001)

358 How important were economic grievances in causing the Mexican Revolution that began in1910, and to what extent were these grievances solved by the Constitution of 1917? (HL)(2001)

382 To what extent were the aims of Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa realised during theMexican Revolution (1910 to 1940)? (HL) (2002)

407 To what extent did foreign intervention prolong the Mexican Revolution? . (HL) (2003)

431 By the end of the 1920s the original objectives of the Mexican Revolution had beenabandoned.” To what extent do you agree with this judgment? (HL) (2004)

455 How successful were both moderates and radicals in achieving their aims in the MexicanRevolution by the end of the 1920s? (HL) (2005)


480. Examine the major stages of the Mexican Revolution (1910-20) and explain theprogrammes of three of the most important leaders. (HL) (2006)

506 Analyse the political causes of the Mexican Revolution of 1910. (HL) (2007)

533 Compare and contrast the aims of Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata in the Mexican Revolution(1910–1 923) (2008)

Topic 11 The Great Depression in the Americas• impact of the First World War in the Americas• economic growth in the 1920s• causes of the Depression: United States, Canada, Latin America• impact on society: the changing view of government’s role i nthe economy; effects on

minorities• nature and efficacy of solutions: Canada: MacKenzie King and R. B. Bennett; Latin

America: Vargas of Brazil and Concordancia of Argentina; USA: Hoover, Franklin D.Roosevelt and the New Deal.

• Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Latin America; causes and effects.

32 Compare and contrast the economic impact of the 1929 Depression on TWO of thefollowing: (a) the United States (b) Canada (c) one country in Latin America. (1987)

33 What were the antecedents of the New Deal programs? How "new" was the New Deal?(1987)

54 Describe how two countries of the region attempted to deal with the Depression of 1929.(HL) (1988)

89 How effective was the New Deal in solving the problems facing the United States in the1930s? (HL) (1990)

111 "The Roosevelt Revolution": is this an appropriate description of the 1930s in the UnitedStates? (HL) (Nov 1991)

131 To what extent did the New Deal solve the problems of the Great Depression the UnitedStates? Be specific with regard to problems and programs. (HL) (1991)

139 What were the problems of labor in the Great Depression and how did TWO countries ofthe region attempt to solve them? (HL) (1992)

160 Give examples from TWO countries in the region which made significant changes in theireconomic systems in response to the Great Depression. (HL) (1993)


180 What lasting changes did the Great Depression (1929) bring to the economic structures ofany TWO countries of the region? (HL) (1994)

219 Evaluate the programs of TWO countries in the region for solving the Depression (1929)problems of labor and the farmer. (HL) (1996)

240 How and to what extent was the economic role of government changed by the GreatDepression of 1929? Draw your examples from at least TWO countries in the region. (HL) (1997)

258 What changes in economic philosophy did the Great Depression produce in the Americas? Reference should be made to at least two countries in the region. (HL) (1998)

283 How successful was Import Substitution Industrialization (I.S.I.) in the 1930s and 1940s intwo Latin American countries? (HL) (1999)

307 Examine the causes of the Great Depression in two countries of the region. (HL)(November 1999)

333 How and why did F. D. Roosevelt’s domestic policies in the 1930s affect the power of thepresidency, the power of the states and attitudes towards governemnt regulation of theeconomy? (HL) (2000)

360 With reference to any two countries in the region, evaluate the effectiveness ofgovernmental programs in solving the problems confronting agriculture and industry duringthe Great Depression. (HL) (2001)

383 Assess the impact of the Great Depression on the society of any one country of the region.Provide specific examples to support your answer. (HL) (2002)

408 How successful were government programs in solving the Great Depression in twocountries of the region? (HL) (2003)

433 How, and with what success, did the government of any one country in the Americas try tosolve the problems caused by the Great Depression? (HL) (2004)

456 With reference to one country of the region, analyse the causes of the Great Depression andassess the political impact of the Great Depression on that country. (HL) (2005)

482. Analyse the causes of the Great Depression in one country in the Americas. (HL) (2006)

507 To what extent was the Wall Street crash a cause of the Great Depression of 1929? Supportyour argument with specific examples from one country of the region (HL) (2007)


534 “The Great Depression changed governments’ views of their role and responsibility.” Withreference to two countries of the region, to what extent do you agree with this statement? (2008)

Topic 12 Canadian politics in the first half of the 20 centuryth

• French-Canadian nationalism� impact of the world wars: conscription, nationalism, sovereignty� regionalism and minorities� relations with the United States and Britain• the Commonwealth of Nations

10 "Most Canadians love the British Empire with a passion in 1896, but by the end of the1950's the British connection had lost much of its appeal."

What were the reasons for this development? (1985)

15 Why, and with what effects, did Canada and a number of Latin American countriesexperience a rapid expansion of settlement and agriculture at the beginning of the twentiethcentury? (1985)

27 At the beginning of the twentieth century, the vote seemed the remedy to women's unequalstatus. Compare and contrast the effects of gaining the suffrage on women's lives in TWOcountries of the region. (1987)

51 What were the major issues of Canadian political life in the inter-war period and how werethey resolved? (HL) (1988)

71 Compare Canadian and US foreign policy in the inter-war period (1919-1939). (HL) (1989)

138 Why did Canada take so long to achieve her independence from Britain? (HL) (1992)

179 Evaluate the contributions of Wilfrid Laurier to Canadian growth, 1896 to 1911. (HL)(1994)

259 How and why did the relationship between Canada and Britain change between 1900 and1931? (HL) (1998)

284 Analyze the political and economic impact of the First World War on Canada. (HL)(1999)

308 Analyze the relations between Canada and the United States in the first half of the twentiethcentury? (HL) (November 1999)


332 “As a result of the First World War, Canadians were much more united in 1918 than theyhad been in 1914.” How justified is this claim? (HL) (2000)

334 With reference to both domestic and foreign policy, assess the achievements and limitationsof Mackenzie King as Prime Minister of Canada. (HL) (2000)

359 Analyze the impact of the First World War upon the political and economic development ofCanada between 1914 and 1930. (HL) (2001)

384 In what ways, and for what reasons, did the relationship between Canada and Britainchange between 1900 and 1931? (HL) (2002)

409 “The political and economic impact of the First World War on Canada was more positivethan negative.” How far do you agree with this judgment? . (HL) (2003)

432 Examine the immediate and longer-term effects of the First World War on the economimcand political development of Canada. (HL) (2004)

457 In what ways, and for what reasons, did the relationship between Canada and Britainchange between 1900 and 1939? (HL) (2005)

481. Analyse the main developments in Canada's economic relations with the United States inthe first half of the twentieth century. (HL) (2006)

508 How and why did the relationship between canada and Britain change between 1900 and1931? (HL) (2007)

535 Analyse the short-term and long-term effects of the First World War on the economic andpolitical development of Canada. (2008)

Topic 13 Latin American politics in the first half of the 20 centuryth

• evolution of nationalism, indigenism, and populism• role of the military• leaders, single-party states and populism: Vargas, Perón• nature and effectiveness of dissent


34 Explain the rise and fall of Juan Peron and evaluate his impact on Argentina. (1987)

90 Who supported and who opposed Juan Peron in Argentina between 1943 and 1955? (HL)(1990)


129 Why have single party regimes been common in twentieth century Latin America? Answer with reference to at least TWO different countries. (HL) (1991)

178 What were the basic economic problems of TWO Latin American countries in the firsthalf of the twentieth century and how did they attempt to solve them? (HL) (1994)

201 What were the causes and characteristics of Peronism? (HL) (1995)

238 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of foreign investment in TWO Latin Americancountries of the period 1900-1950. (HL) (1997)

260 Compare and contrast the programs of two Latin American leaders in the first half of thetwentieth century and assess their successes and failures. (HL) (1998)

285 “Latin American politics depended much more on personalities than on ideologies in thetwentieth century.” Referring to at least two countries in the region show how far youagree with this statement. (HL) (1999)

309 Why did Juan Peron become the dominant figure in the history of Argentina from 1955 to1971? (HL) (November 1999)

335 Analyze the policies of one populist leader in Latin America in the first half of thetwentieth century and assess their effectiveness. (HL) (2000)

361 Assess the domestic (internal) program and policies of one populist leader of LatinAmerica in the period 1900 to 1955. (HL) (2001)

385 In what ways, and with what results, did either Per6n or Vargas pursue populist policies? (HL) (2002)

410 In what ways, and to what extent, were the policies of either Vargas or Perón successfulin achieving their aims? . (HL) (2003)

433 Compare and contrast the ways in which Vargas and Perón maintained themselves inpower. (HL) (2004)

458 Explain why liberalism had become discredited in Latin America by the 1930s. Answerwith reference to one country of the region. (HL) (2005)

459 Analyse the aims and achievements of one populist leader in Latin America in the firsthalf of the twentieth century. (HL) (2005)

483. For what reasons, and by what means, did either Peron or Vargas obtain power? (HL)(2006)


509 Assess the nature and effectiveness of opposition to either Juan Domingo Perón(1946–55) or Getulio Vargas (1930–45). (HL) (2007)

536 For what reasons, and what with results, did Populist movements emerge in Latin Americain the first half of the twentieth century? Support your answer with specific examplesfrom one country of the region. (2008)

Topic 14 The Second World War and the Americas• Hemispheric co-operation or neutrality• Role of countries in the region--diplomatic and military.• The impact of the war on countries of the region.• The home front: the role of women; impact to minorities.• Treatment of Japanese-Americans and Japanese-Canadians.• The Americas and the Holocaust.• The beginning of the atomic age.

112 Why did Canada go to war in 1939? (HL) (Nov 1991)

113 Explain the changes in US foreign policy between 1919 and 1945. (HL) (Nov 1991)

132 What political problems for the Canadian government were caused by involvement in thetwo World Wars? (HL) (1991)

140 How did the Second World War affect any TWO countries in Latin America? (HL)(1992)

161 To what extent was there 'hemispheric cooperation' prior to and during the Second WorldWar? (HL) (1993)

181 "By December 1941, the United States was a belligerent in all but name." comment onthis statement with regard to United States foreign policy in the decade before PearlHarbor. (HL) (1994)

202 Describe the role of the United States and at least ONE country of the region in theSecond World War. (HL) (1995)

220 “The Second World War changed the relationships of the New World with the Old Worldas significantly as the Wars of Independence.” In what ways is this an accuratestatement? (HL) (1996)

241 What were the results of the Second World War for any TWO countries in the region? (HL) (1997)

261 For what reasons and with what results were Japanese citizens of Canada and the UnitedStates interned during the Second World War? (HL) (1998)


286 How has the role of women and ethnic minorities in either the United States or Canada asa result of the Second World War? (HL) (1999)

310 Compare and contrast the treatment of Japanese internees in the United States and Canadaduring World War II. (HL) (November 1999)

312 Assess the impact of the Second World War on minorities in two countries of the region. (HL) (November 1999)

336 In what ways were women and minorities affected by the Second World War in any twocountries in the region? (HL) (2000)

362 Examine the military and diplomatic role of two countries in the region during the SecondWorld War. (HL) (2001)

386 Compare and contrast the attitudes to, and roles in, the Second World War of Canada andArgentina. (HL) (2002)

411 Assess the effects of the Second World War on women and minorities in two countries inthe region. . (HL) (2003)

434 Assess the effects of the Second World War on minorities in any two countries in theAmericas in the 1940s. (HL) (2004)

460 With reference to one country of the region, evaluate the impact of the Second World Waron the economy and on minority groups. (HL) (2005)

484. Why did the United States become involved in the Second World War? (HL) (2006)

510 For what reasons, and with what results, were Japanese citizens of Canada and the UnitedStates interned during the Second World War? (HL) (2007)

537 To what extent were attempts at “hemispheric cooperation” successful before and duringthe Second World War? (2008)

Topic 15 Latin American foreign policy, 1945 to 1995; Canadian foreign policy, 1945 to 1995• relations between the United States and Latin America; influence of ideologies and

policies• relations between the United States and Canada: ideologies and policies• the impact of the Cold War in Latin America• the impact of the Cold War in Canada• foreign relations


391 To what extent has either Canada or one Latin American country developed a foreignpolicy independent of the United States since 1945? (HL) (2002)

412 EitherAnalyze the impact of the Cold War on Canada in the period 1945 to 1965OrExplain why the Cold War provided favourable circumstances for the establishment ofmilitary leaders in any two countries in Latin America. . (HL) (2003)

435 Analyze the impact of the Cold War on either Canada or Latin America in the period1945 to 1960. (HL) (2004)

461 In what ways, and with what results, did the Cold War influence relations between eitherLatin America or Canada with the United States in the period 1945 to 1957? (HL) (2005)

485. Analyse the relations between the United States and either Canada or one country in LatinAmerica, between 1945 and 1965. (HL) (2006)

511 How did the Cold War change relations between the United States and either LatinAmerica or Canada between 1953–1 979? (HL) (2007)

538 To what extent did either Canada or one Latin American country develop a foreign policyindependent of the United States after 1945? (2008)

Topic 16 Political and economic developments in the United States after the Second WorldWar• Developments in the role of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches• Presidential leadership--Truman to Blush.• Efforts at political and social reform.• The impact of Vietnam and Watergate.• economic trends• The new conservatism.

13 Show how and why the decades after both the First and Second World Wars witnessed abacklash in the United States against political liberalism. (1985)

35 To what extent have native people shared in the prosperity of twentieth century Canadaand the United States? (1987)

56 Discuss the major political and social results of the Vietnam War for the United States.(HL) (1988)

76 Write an appraisal of the Presidency of John F. Kennedy. (HL) (1989)


135 Assess the presidency of Richard Nixon with reference to both domestic and foreignpolicy. (HL) (1991)

164 How and why have the President and Congress of the United States come into conflictsince 1952? What effect has this had in at least TWO specific areas? (HL) (1993)

184 Compare the domestic programs of TWO United States presidents between 1945 and1985. Which one do you consider to have been more successful and why? (HL) (1994)

224 Evaluate the domestic and foreign policies of Lyndon B. Johnson. (HL) (1996)

263 At the time they left office, Presidents Truman and Eisenhower were both given lowratings in Presidential greatness polls. They are now both ranked among the top tenpresidents. What factors account for this change? (HL) (1998)

291 Compare and contrast the domestic policies of two United States Presidents in the period1970-1990. (HL) (1999)

314 Compare and contrast the influence on domestic issues (domestic policy) of twopresidents of the United States between 1950 and 1970 . (HL) (November 1999)

340 Assess the achievements and limitations of the domestic policies of any two Presidents ofthe United States of America in the period 1961 to 1988. (HL) (2000)

364 Analyze the political impact of the Vietnam War upon the US between 1964 and 1974. (HL) (2001)

394 “President Reagan*s policies brought great benefits to the United States in the period 1981to 1990.” How far do you agree with this judgment? (HL) (2002)

413 Assess the achievements and limitations of the domestic policies of one of the followingpresidents: Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-9); Jimmy Carter (1977-81); Ronald Reagan (1981-9). . (HL) (2003)

439 “Their domestic policies brought significant improvments to the lives of many jpeople inthe United States.” To what extent do you agree with this verdict on the domestic policiesof either Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-68) or Ronald Reagan (1981-88)? (HL) (2004)

463 "The Vietnam War had a disastrous effect on the presidencies of both Lyndon B Johnsonand Richard Nixon." To what extent do you agree with this statement? (HL) (2005)

489. "By the late 1960s it seemed to many Americans that the forces of chaos and radicalismwere taking control of the nation." To what extent did the domestic policies of eitherRichard Nixon (1969-74) or Jimmy Carter (1977-81) address this situation? (HL) (2006)


514 “The presidency of Ronald Reagan marked a turning point in domestic affairs.” To whatextent do you agree with this view? (HL) (2007)

512 Analyse the effects of the Vietnam War on the United States. (HL) (2007)

539 Compare and contrast the domestic policies of Jimmy Carter (1977–198 1) and RonaldReagan (1981–1989). (2008)

Topic 17 United States Foreign Policy, 1945 to 1995• Origins of the Cold War: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin Blockade and Airlift,

NATO and the Korean War.• Eisenhower and Dulles.• Kennedy--Bay of Pigs, Berlin, Cuban Missile Crisis.• Johnson, Nixon, and Vietnam.• Nixon-Kissinger Policies, détente, opening relations with China.• The USA and the Middle East.• Reagan, Bush and the end of the Cold War.

36 Trace and explain the developing relations between the United States and EITHER theU.S.S.R. since 1945 OR China since 1949. (1987)

74 Assess the effectiveness of the US policy towards China in the twentieth century. (HL)(1989)

76 Write an appraisal of the Presidency of John F. Kennedy. (HL) (1989)

86 Why did the United States withdraw from European affairs after the First World War butmaintain its involvement after the Second? (HL) (1990)

96 "The failures of American politicians and not those of the United States armed forces lostAmerica the war in Vietnam." Discuss this assessment of events in Vietnam between1961 and 1975. (HL) (1990)

141 Which United States president has left the greatest impact on foreign policy since 1945? (HL) (1992)

204 Compare the policies of TWO United States presidents in regard to the Soviet Unionbetween 1945 and 1985. Which was more successful and why? (HL) (1995)

224 Evaluate the domestic and foreign policies of Lyndon B. Johnson. (HL) (1996)

242 How would you characterize the role the United States has played in the United Nationssince 1945? (HL) (1997)

263 At the time they left office, Presidents Truman and Eisenhower were both given low


ratings in Presidential greatness polls. They are now both ranked among the top tenpresidents. What factors account for this change? (HL) (1998)

264 How did the foreign policies of the United States government respond to the perceivedthreat of Communist aggression during the late 1940s and early 1950s? (HL) (1998)

288 Where, and with what effect, has the Truman Doctrine been applied to foreign policy? (HL) (1999)

290 Why did the United States intervene in Vietnam between 1961-1971? (HL) (1999)

315 Analyze the foreign policy of two presidents of the United States toward the Middle Eastbetween 1970 and 1985. (HL) (November 1999)

338 In what ways, and to what extent, did Eisenhower’s foreign policy domonstrate the limitsof American power in the 1950s? (HL) (2000)

365 With reference to their aims and actions, examine the foreign policy of one of thefollowing presidents of the US: Truman; Eisenhower; Carter; Reagan. (HL) (2001)

388 Compare and contrast the Cold War policies of Truman and Eisenhower. (HL) (2002)

390 “Vietnam and Watergate destroyed the reputations of various United States* Presidents inthe 1960s and 1970s.” To what extent do you agree with this judgment? (HL) (2002)

393 Analyze the reasons for the United States* intervention in Guatemala in 1954. (HL)(2002)

414 Analyze the aims and achievements of the foreign policies of Harry S Truman (1945-53)and George Bush (1989-93). . (HL) (2003)

415 The outcome of the Vietnam War was determined not on the battlefield but on thetelevision screen.” How far do you agree with this judgment? . (HL) (2003)

437 Assess the successes and failures of the foreign policies of either Harry S Truman (1945-52) or Richard M. Nixon (1969-74) (HL) (2004)

464 Compare and contrast the Cold War policies of two of the following US presidents: HarryS Truman (1945-53); Dwight D Eisenhower (1953-61); Ronald Reagan (1981-89). (HL)(2005)

487. Assess the successes and failures of the foreign policies of either Eisenhower (1952-60) orKennedy (1961-3). (HL) (2006)

491. In what ways, and to what extent, did the foreign policy of Ronald Reagan (1981-8) affect


the Cold War? (HL) (2006)

513 Why, and with what consequences, did the United States get involved in Korea? (HL)(2007)

540 Analyse the successes and failures of the foreign policies of either Richard Nixon(1969–1974) or George H W Bush (1989–1993). (2008)

Topic 18 The USA Civil Rights movement, 1945 to 1995• the rise and expansion of the civil rights movments: causes, legal issues, tactics, Martin

Luther King Jr., the March on Washington• the changing movement: the Black Panthers, Black Muslims, Black Power, and Malcolm X.• Native-Americans civil rights movement• Hispanic-American activism• the New Feminism• Supreme Court decisions, key congressional legislation, the response of the executive branch.

26 Passage of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 changed little in the lives of blacks in theUnited States. Why was this so and what factors in the 1960's finally brought change?(1987)

94 Analyze and describe the work of (A) the Federal Government and (B) the Courts inobtaining Civil Rights for minorities in the United States since 1945. (HL) (1990)

115 How successful has the Civil Rights movement been in the United States? (HL) (Nov1991)

265 With what justification could it be said that Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X hadsimilar philosophies but used different methods to campaign for civil rights? (HL)(1998)

289 How successful was Chief Justice Warren in challenging segregation in the United Statesin the 1950s and 1960s? (HL) (1999)

316 Evaluate the impact of “black power” on the Civil Rights movement. (HL) (November1999)

339 Compare the significance of the events at Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957 with those ofBirmingham, Alabama in 1963 in the campaign for civil rights by African Americans. (HL) (2000)

366 In what ways, and for what reasons, were there differences in the philosophy and methods


of the campaigns for civil rights of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X? (HL) (2001)

389 Analyze the successes and failures of the United States* Civil Rights movement between1954 and 1964. (HL) (2002)

416 Account for the development of the Civil Rights movement in the USA during the 1950s. To what extent had the movement achieved its aims by the time of the March onWashington (August 1963)? (HL) (2003)

438 In what ways, and for what reasons, did the civil rights movement in the United Statesmake significant progress in the period 1950 to 1964? (HL) (2004)

465 Evaluate the impact of Black Power on the civil rights movement in the United Statesduring the second half of the 1960s. (HL) (2005)

488. For what reasons, and in what ways, did the Civil Rights movement in the United Statesbecome more radical between 1965 and 1968? (HL) (2006)

515 To what extent had African Americans in the United States gained their civil and politicalrights by 1968? (HL) (2007)

541 With reference to two United States presidencies between 1945 and 1969, assess therole of the US Federal Government in the achievement of African-American civil rights. (2008)

Topic 19 Political and economic developments in Latin America after the Second World War• revolutions and their causes and effects: political, economic, social and ideological• role of leadership• the Cuban Revolution and Castro’s regime• economic changes• Guatemala, Bolivia, Nicaragua, Chile or a country of the candidate’s choice• military regimes: causes and effects• return to democracy• the role of the Catholic church

12 Compare and explain the outcomes of two revolutions in Latin America, one successful,and one unsuccessful. (1985)

14 How far is it possible to interpret contemporary Latin American political and economicsystems as either democratic or capitalist? (1985)



52 Compare and contrast the role of the army in any TWO of the following countries since1960: Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Peru. (HL) (1988)

72 What forces underlay EITHER the FLQ crisis in Quebec OR the Falklands/Malvinas crisisin Argentina? (HL) (1989)

73 Reformers, revolutionaries or soldiers--who have been more successful in Latin Americanpolitics? Mention at least TWO countries in your answer. (HL) (1989)

87 Compare and contrast the aims and achievements of peasant revolutionaries in Cuba andMexico in the twentieth century. (HL) (1990)

92 Explain the failure of Latin America to match the rapid economic growth of the UnitedStates in the twentieth century. (HL) (1990)

93 Discuss the role of the armed forces since 1945 as opponents or sponsors of change in anyTWO of the following countries (A) Chile (B) Brazil (C) Bolivia (D) Peru. (HL) (1990)

116 Analyze the social and economic problems in any ONE Latin American country since1945. (HL) (Nov 1991)

130 Assess the role of the central government in economic development in TWO countries ofthe region between 1890 and 1914. (HL) (1991)

133 Does the history of Latin America since 1945 justify the view that Latin Americancountries are "developing" countries? (HL) (1991)

162 With reference to at least TWO countries, assess the attempts at land reform in LatinAmerica since 1945. (HL) (1993)

165 "Reformers, revolutionaries, or soldiers?" Who have been more successful in LatinAmerica since 1945? Be specific in reference to at least TWO countries. (HL) (1993)

182 Discuss the role of the military in TWO Latin American countries from 1945 to 1980. (HL) (1994)

206 Where has political democracy been successful in Latin America since 1945? Whatconditions were present in at least TWO countries for this to happen? (HL) (1995)

221 Discuss the impact of transnational corporations on any TWO Latin American countriessince 1940? (HL) (1996)

239 How successful have the forces of the “political left” been in TWO Latin Americancountries since 1945? (HL) (1997)


262 Analyze the reasons for the longevity of Fidel Castro’s rule in Cuba. (HL) (1998)

267 Evaluate the role of the military in two Latin American countries between 1960 and 1980. (HL) (1998)

269 Why did Marxism become popular in Latin America after the 1960s? Support yourarguments with examples from at least two countries in Latin America. (HL) (1998)

285 “Latin American politics depended much more on personalities than on ideologies in thetwentieth century.” Referring to at least two countries in the region show how far youagree with this statement. (HL) (1999)

287 Explain the reasons for the long-term survival of the regime of Fidel Castro. (HL)(1999)

292 In what ways, and for what reasons, have there been social obstacles to development inLatin America since 1945? Support your answer with specific examples from twocountries of the region. (HL) (1999)

294 Why have various revolutionary movements of the left since 1945 failed in LatinAmerica? (HL) (1999)

311 Analyze the role of the Catholic Church in Latin America during the period 1960 to 1980. (HL) (November 1999)

318 Account for Fidel Castro’s rise to power in Cuba and explain the United States reaction tohis regime until 1970. (HL) (November 1999)

341 With reference to either the different regions of Canada or to any two countries inmainland Latin America, analyze the impact of economic changes between 1960 and1990. (HL) (2000)

344 To what extent was Castro able to achieve his aims between 1959 and 1990, and whatprevented him from achieving more? (HL) (2000)

367 Analyze the main political and economic developments in either Canada or one countrymainland Latin America during the period 1960 to 1990. (HL) (2001)

369 “Cuba, unlike other Latin American countries, has created a true social revolution.” Howvalid is this assessment of the impact of Castro*s regime upon Cuba? (HL) (2001)

417 Analyze the successes and failures of Castro’s social and economic policies in the period1960-1990. (HL) (2003)

436 To what extent did domestic events lead to a political and social revolution during the


post-Second World War period in either Nicaragua or Guatamala? (HL) (2004)

440 Analyze the short-term and longer-term consequences for Cuba between 1959 and 1995 ofCastro’s rule. (HL) (2004)

466 For what reasons, and with what results for the economy of Cuba, did Castro become rulerof Cuba? (HL) (2005)

486. Compare and contrast the causes of two revolutionary movements in Latin America after1945. (HL) (2006)

516 For what reasons, and with what results, did the military intervene in one country in LatinAmerica between 1960 and 1980? (HL) (2007)

542 “Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba because of the weaknesses of Batista’s regime.” Towhat extent do you agree with this statement? (2008)

Topic 20 Political and economic developments in Canada after the Second World War• the role of the government• domestic policies• resources and obstacles• urbanization, industrialization, and sectionalism• changing trade patterns, the role of foreign investment and transnationals, place in the

world economy• population growth, social legislation, education.

31 "Canada has struggled to separate herself first from Britain and then from the UnitedStates."

Discuss with reference to EITHER economics OR foreign relations in the twentiethcentury. (1987)

35 To what extent have native people shared in the prosperity of twentieth century Canadaand the United States? (1987)

55 What unique problems did Canada face in the 1960's? How successful has she been indealing with them? (HL) (1988)

72 What forces underlay EITHER the FLQ crisis in Quebec OR the Falklands/Malvinas crisisin Argentina? (HL) (1989)

91 Why have populist and socialist parties been more successful in Canada than in the UnitedStates? (HL) (1990)

145 Does Canada have an independent foreign policy? (HL) (1992)


163 How has Canada's foreign trade evolved since 1945? (HL) (1993)

183 Does Canada have a foreign policy independent of the United States? Be specific in youranswer. (HL) (1994)

222 To what extent can we say that regionalism is the fundamental problem underlying allothers for Canada since 1945? (HL) (1996)

244 In what ways have Canadian-American trade relations evolved since 1960? (HL) (1997)

266 What were the causes of the “Quiet Revolution” of the 1960s in Quebec? (HL) (1998)

367 Analyze the main political and economic developments in either Canada or one countrymainland Latin America during the period 1960 to 1990. (HL) (2001)

391 To what extent has either Canada or one Latin American country developed a foreignpolicy independent of the United States since 1945? (HL) (2002)

418 Assess the contribution of foreign investment and transnationals to the economicdevelopment of Canada since 1950. . (HL) (2003)

441 What domestic problems did Canada face in the 1960s, and how successfully were theyresolved? (HL) (2004)

467 Analyse the main political and economic developments in Canada during the period 1960to 1990. (HL) (2005)

490. Analyse the policies introduced by Canada with respect to two of her minorities in thetwentieth century. (HL) (2006)

517 What contributions have foreign investment and transnationals made to the economicdevelopment of Canada since 1950? (HL) (2007)

543 Compare and contrast the successes and failures of the domestic policies of twoCanadian prime ministers from 1948 to 1979. (2008)

Topic 21 Changing societies in the Americas in the 20 centuryth

• rise to consciousness: native peoples, Québeçois, minorities (ethnic, religous)• legal and constitutional remedies and effects• changing roles and conditions of women in different regions of the Americas• cultural development: intellectual currents, literature, art, music• technology, communications, science and industry, impact on public and private life.


27 At the beginning of the twentieth century, the vote seemed the remedy to women'sunequal status. Compare and contrast the effects of gaining the suffrage on women's livesin TWO countries of the region. (1987)

53 Trace the development of social welfare legislation in TWO countries of the region andassess its impact on the position of women. (HL) (1988)

419 “Technology is a new type of imperialism.” Discuss this statement with reference to theimpact of technology upon at least one country in the Americas during the twentiethcentury.” . (HL) (2003)

442 In what ways, and for what reasons, did women’s role in society change after 1945? Support your answer with specific examples from one or more countries in the region. (HL) (2004)

468 In what ways, and to what extent, did the role and status of women change in one countryof the region during the twentieth century? (HL) (2005)

492. Compare and contrast the progress made by women since 1945 in two countries in theregion. (HL) (2006)

518 Assess the achievements and failures of indigenous peoples’ movements in two countriesof the region since 1945. (HL) (2007)

519 Examine the contribution of women to political developments in one country of the regionin the twentieth century. (HL) (2007)

544 Why did the Native American movement emerge in one country of the region in the1960s? (2008)

Topic 22 Hemispheric relations, 1945 to 1995• International alliances and organizations, including the Organization of American States

(OAS)• International development strategies, public and private.• Efforts at regional trade and commodity agreements, Pacto Andino, NAFTA, Mercosur• Sources of tension. Interventionism.

143 Using specific examples, assess the success of regional cooperation in the hemispheresince 1945? (HL) (1992)

185 Analyze the trade relations of the United States with ONE other country of the regionsince 1960. (HL) (1994)


245 “The potential of the OAS for hemispheric cooperation is largely untried.” How farwould you agree or disagree with this statement? (HL) (1997)

270 Analyze the trade relations of the United States with one other country of the region since1960. (HL) (1998)

295 How successful were the Regional Trade Agreements between 1950 and 1970 in threecountries of the region? (HL) (1999)

319 Evaluate the successes and failures of the Organization of American (OAS) from 1970 to1990. (HL) (November 1999)

345 Discuss the view that the Organization of American States (OAS) had more successesthan failures in the period 1950 to 1990. (HL) (2000)

370 To what extent was the Organization of American States (OAS) able to achieve its aims inthe period 1970 to 1990, and what factors hindered greater success? (HL) (2001)

395 Why was the Organization of American States (OAS) founded and how successful has itbeen in achieving its aims? (HL) (2002)

420 To what extent was the Organization of American States (OAS) successful in achieving itsaims in the period 1950 to 1970? . (HL) (2003)

443 Analyze the aims and impact of two of the following regional agreements: Pacto Andino;NAFTA; Mercosur. (HL) (2004)

469 Assess the main obstacles faced by American countries in order to achieve fullimplementation of two of the following: Pacto Andino; NAFTA; Mercosur. (HL)(2005)

493. To what extent was the Organization of American States (OAS) successful as a mediatorin hemispheric conflicts between 1950 and 1990? (HL) (2006)

520 How successful was the Organization of American States (OAS) in mediating conflicts inthe period 1950 to 1970? (HL) (2007)

545 Analyse the aims and impact of the NAFTA agreements. (2008)

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IB HL History Mr. Blackmon IB HL History Paper 03 History ...teachers.dadeschools.net/dblackmon/IB World History/07 Essays/Pa… · 2 Examine the view that the role of the mestizo