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IB BIOLOGMrs. Sara
OPTION G
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G – ECOLOGY
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IB BIOLOGY Rockville High School Mrs. Sarah Day
OPTION G – ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION Summer Work
Please see the following link to read about transect line in sand dunes. Heinemann.co.uk/hotlinks, enter
4242P, click on the textbook link, click on weblink 18.3.
G.1.4 – Summarize the transect sampling method. Choose an abiotic variable and outline the use of a
transect to correlate the distribution of plant or animal species.
G.1.5 – Every organism has a role in their ecosystem. This is called the organism’s niche. The niche
includes where the organism lives (spatial habitat), feeding activities (what it eats, what its eaten by),
and the interactions it has with other species.
Describe two examples of an organism’s niche. (One aquatic example and one terrestrial example).
G.1.6 – Competition is defined as ‐ when two or more organisms rely on the same limited resource such
as food or space.
a. Read the following small excerpt concerning seals of Sable Island. Based on the information given
discuss how competition seems to be affecting these two species. What other information would be
relevant in discussing competition between these two species?
Sable Island is a remote island about 180 miles (300 kilometers) east-southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Operated by a nonprofit group called the Sable Island Preservation Trust, the island has very few human inhabitants but hosts scientists who come primarily to study wildlife. In part because of its inaccessibility to humans, the island is an attractive breeding ground for gray and harbor seals, among other animal species.
The gray seals of Sable Island have been thriving, but harbor seal populations have plummeted in recent years. Scientists, including those working with National Geographic's Crittercam project, have studied the seals' mating, lactating, and feeding behaviors in an attempt to find out why this is occurring. They've also investigated the presence of sharks in the island's offshore waters to learn about patterns of shark predation on the seals.
Crittercam has helped scientists discover that both gray and harbor seals feed on the same prey—tiny fish called sand lances. Their feeding behaviors, however, are different. While harbor seals follow schools of sand lances and eat fish that have strayed from the school, gray seals dig into the sandy ocean floor to find fish hiding there.
Sharks, including the great white shark, like to eat both species of seal. Harbor seal pups and adults are smaller than gray seal pups and adults and are therefore easier for the sharks to catch and eat.
Gray seals and harbor seals both eat sand lances, tiny fish that live just off the shores of Sable Island. To catch these fish, gray seals swim close to the ocean floor and dig their snouts into the sand to find hiding fish. Harbor seals, on the other hand, follow schools of sand lances and catch fish that wander from the school.
Source ‐ http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/08/g68/ccsable.html
b. Define herbivory, predation, parasitism, and mutualism. List 2 examples of each. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/Symbiosis.html
c. In the movie Finding Nemo – what kind of fish is Nemo? What type of relationship do these type of fish show with sea anemones? Discuss how it works!
IB BIOLOGMrs. Sara
OPTION G
G.1.7 – a. http://ww
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G.1.9 – a.
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GY h Day
G – ECOLOGY
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IB BIOLOGMrs. Sara
OPTION G
G.2 – Echttp://use
G.2.1 – a.
thinner?
Study the
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GY h Day
G – ECOLOGY
cosystemsers.rcn.com/j
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IB BIOLOGMrs. Sara
OPTION G
G.2.3 – a.
difficult to
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c. Explain
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GY h Day
G – ECOLOGY
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IB BIOLOGY Rockville High School Mrs. Sarah Day
OPTION G – ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION Summer Work
G.2.9 – a. Define biome and give 3 examples. b. Define biosphere. Watch the following video on
biomes: (How Stuff Works – biomes)
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/28104‐assignment‐discovery‐biomes‐video.htm
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/Biomes.htmlc.
c‐ Explain how rainfall and temperature affect the distribution of biomes.
G.3 – Impacts of Humans on Ecosystems
G.3.1 – a. What is the Simpson’s Diversity Index? (Main points are below)
• S.D.I. calculates biodiversity. It takes into account the # of species, as well as the population of
those species.
IB BIOLOGMrs. Sara
OPTION G
• D
•
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c. U
G.3.2 – An
Why is th
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GY h Day
G – ECOLOGY
= N(N‐1)
∑ n(n‐1)
= total # of i
– Number of
= diversity in
Use the inform
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IB BIOLOGY Rockville High School Mrs. Sarah Day
OPTION G – ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION Summer Work
c. Discuss the Zebra Mussel as an example of ‘accidental release’ of an alien species.
d. Discuss the Ladybird beetle as an example of ‘biological control’ in the release of an alien species.
e. Alien species can have a significant impact on an ecosystem for a number of reasons, including inter‐
specific competition, predation, and species extinction. Give a specific example for each type of impact.
You don’t need to summarize what happened in each example.
G.3.6 – Read Page 344 in your textbook, the section entitled “Biological control of pest species”.
Also, read the following link.
http://aciar.gov.au/project/CS2/1991/010
a. summarize the article.
G.3.7 – Define biomagnification.
G.3.8 – a. What is DDT? Watch the 2 videos below. b. Evaluate DDT (and other pesticides).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQ64sV0nSVU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uARFfWFcV5A&NR=1
Read and follow the online activity concerning biomagnifications (it also summarizes some topics
covered earlier. c. state in one sentence what you learned after completing the activity.
Link
http://www.mcgrawhill.ca/school/applets/bcscience7/bioaccumulation/
G.3.9 – a. What is UV radiation? b. Make a chart summarizing how UV rays can cause lethal and non‐
lethal skin cancer, mutation of DNA, cataracts, reduce biological productivity (by damaging plants).
G.3.10 – Watch the following video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUfVMogIdr8
a. Define ozone layer b. explain what CFC’s are.
This diagram will help you to understand what CFC’s do to the ozone layer.
IB BIOLOGMrs. Sara
OPTION G
G.3.11 – R
G.4 – Co
G.4.1 – a.
physical fa
a monitor
G.4.2 – a.
GY h Day
G – ECOLOGY
Read pg. 346
onservatio
What is eutr
actors. c. W
red ecosystem
Outline the
AND CONSE
in your textb
on of Biodi
rophication?
hy is it impor
m e. how wa
factors that c
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rtant to monit
as it monitore
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characteristic
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cs of eutroph
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ion of an anim
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y outline a sp
mal. (your cho
ckville High S
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pecific examp
oice of anima
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and
ple of
al)
IB BIOLOGMrs. Sara
OPTION G
G.4.3 – a.
reserves a
d. What i
f. What is
g. Discuss
disadvant
G.4.4 – So
often time
is done by
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G.4.5 ‐ a.
G.4.6 – Re
GY h Day
G – ECOLOGY
What is a na
and an argum
s edge effect
s a wildlife co
s 2 specific ex
tages of each
ome nature re
es there need
y:
ontrolling alie
estore degrad
ecovery of en
unding
ontrol of exp
List 2 example
Evaluate the
ead the follow
AND CONSE
ature reserve
ment supporti
t? e. Explain
orridor?
xamples of w
eserves can s
ds to be huma
en species
ded areas
ndangered or
loitation by h
es of nature r
e advantages
wing:
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? b. List an a
ng small natu
why cowbird
ildlife corrido
imply be desi
an interventio
r threatened s
humans (this i
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and disadvan
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argument sup
ure reserves?
ds prefer a cer
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ignated a rese
on. Humans
species
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t least two ad
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intervene to
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situ and in sit
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allowed to ex
help manage
tu conservatio
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nd for?
ve.
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e the reserve:
on.
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IB BIOLOGMrs. Sara
OPTION G
Go to the
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Create a c
curves (ca
GY h Day
G – ECOLOGY
following site
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IB BIOLOGY Rockville High School Mrs. Sarah Day
OPTION G – ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION Summer Work
G.5.2 – Present two environmental conditions that favor r‐strategists and two environmental conditions
that favor k‐strategists.
G.5.3 – a. What is the Lincoln Index? b. Describe how you could use a bowl of beans to test the Lincoln
Index method of estimating population. (ESS students MAY NOT use the same idea they used in Mr.
Dick’s class – I will check!)
G.5.4 – What methods are used to estimate fish stocks?
Read the article at the following site. (How Stuff Works – fishing quotas)
http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor‐activities/fishing/fish‐conservation/fish‐
populations/fishing‐quota.htm
There are 3 parts to the article that I would like you to read:
1. How are fishing quotas set? 2. Commercial Fish Management 3. The Fishing Quota
a. state how fishing quotas are set b. state two factors that determine management strategies
G.5.5 – Define maximum sustainable yield. See page 352 in your textbook.
G.5.6 – Outline international measures that would promote the conservation of fish.
LABORATORY WORK:
Attached to the end of this portfolio is a laboratory written up in the IB format.
You are to MARK this lab report based on the rubric you have been marked with all year. (also included)
If you are deducting a point you must indicate why in the comments section.
I have also included a mark‐scheme where you will indicate what marks you gave.
If you grade the lab to within 1 pt. of the actual mark you will receive 10/10
If you are between 2‐3 marks of the actual mark you will receive 8/10
If you are between 4‐5 marks of the actual mark you will receive 7/10
If you are 6+ away you will receive 6/10.
IB BIOLOGY Rockville High School Mrs. Sarah Day
OPTION G – ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION Summer Work