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I - Week 2 Vocabulary. Conscientious – adj. Meticulous; careful Abyss – n. An immeasurably deep void Escapade – n. a usually adventurous action Innocuous – adj. Not harmful or offensive counter to approved conduct Languid – adj. slow and relaxed Dejected – adj. Sad and depressed - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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I - Week 2 Vocabulary1. Conscientious – adj. Meticulous; careful2. Abyss – n. An immeasurably deep void3. Escapade – n. a usually adventurous action4. Innocuous – adj. Not harmful or offensive counter
to approved conduct5. Languid – adj. slow and relaxed6. Dejected – adj. Sad and depressed7. Adhere – v. Believe in and follow the practices of8. Emblem – n. A distinctive badge, design or device 9. Disheveled – adj. Untidy; disordered10. Kindle – v. Arouse or inspire
Warm UpDirections: Read & silently respond for 5 minutes.
PAIN-FREE GRAMMAR REVIEWParts of Speech
Nouns Person Place Thing Idea
Common vs. Proper Determines capitalization Proper nouns name specific…
People: Mom Places: England Things that have formal names: Dead Poets’
Society Events: New Year’s Eve
Always capitalized
Note: Capitalize adjectives that are forms of
proper nouns: French bread, Texan beauty queen.
Common vs. Proper Common nouns refer to informal,
generically named… People: poet Places: country Things: movie Events: holiday
not capitalized
Concrete vs. Abstract Concrete nouns occupy space or
can be detected by the senses: My dog, Buster, wagged his tail as he sniffed the wind.
Concrete vs. Abstract Abstract nouns name an idea, a
quality, or a characteristic. Love is the center of all great
friendships. Attraction and devotion are key
elements of a good marriage.
Collective Nouns look like a singular word but
name a group It can be considered singular or
plural, depending on the meaning. the family that couple the audience the board (of directors)
Why does this matter? You will need to decide from context
whether the collective noun is singular or plural, and make sure all associated verbs and pronouns match in number.
Example I asked the board for its
approval. (not “their approval”) (Here, “board” is singular, because the board is acting as a unit.)
Example I asked the board to raise their
hands if they approved. (not “its hands…it approved”) (Here, “board” is plural, because the individual members raise their hands individually.)
Example The family decided to take its
vacation in the mountains this year. (Family acting as one unit, taking its vacation.)
Example The family may write their
signatures in the special guestbook in the lobby. (Family members are writing their names as individuals.)
Review
Collective Nouns Review The council spent all its/their time
debating the new budget. The class raised its/their
hand/hands to show Mrs. Rennie it/they understood collective nouns.
Pronouns
Pronoun a word that replaces another noun in a
sentence. Common Pronouns:
I, me, we, us, you, she, her, him, it, they, them
*Note: This occurs so that the sentence will not be repetitive, and so that it will “flow” better.
Examples1. Brandon is a dancer, and he likes to
dance on a regular basis. 2. I am tired of Jordan’s verbal abuse. I
can not take it any more. 3. The apple is mine.
That’s easier to say than…The apple is Ashley Rennie’s
Independent PracticeDirections: Copy the sentences, underline
the pronoun, and then circle the noun that it replaces.
1. Allie, are you going to the party tonight?
2. Rob said that he would be absent today.
3. Nick left his candy wrapper on the ground.
Independent Practice ContinuedDirections: Copy the sentences, and fill in the
blank with the correct pronoun.
4. Lauren spends much of ____________________ time in Carolina Beach.
5. Stephanie would ____________________ please be quiet?
6. All of Harris’s friends sent him _____________________________ best wishes.
Adjectives
Adjectives Describe nouns and pronouns
Ex. clean, happy, free
We have a respectful class. This is an awesome song.
Independent PracticeDirections: Copy the sentences, circle the noun that is
modified/described, and underline each adjective. Example: There once was a funny student.
1. A strange creature crept out of the water.
2. A steady diet of candy is bad for your health.
3. Many people watched as the new record was set.
4. Jada wasted the first wish because she had not given the matter enough thought.
Adjective Punctuation
Punctuation Rule When using several adjectives in a row,
use commas when necessary. Examples:
My big fat Greek wedding was a disaster.
(no commas needed)My energetic, playful, mischievous Doberman puppy knocks things over.
(some commas needed)
How can you tell when to use commas?
If you could change the order of the adjectives without making the list sound funny…
OR If you could put the word “and” between
2 adjectives… then you NEED commas between them.
Order Test My Greek fat big wedding was a disaster.
(no commas needed because rearranging
them sounds dumb) My mischievous, playful, energetic
Doberman puppy knocks things over. (commas needed because the adjectives
they separate could go in any order)
“And” Test You would not say:
My big and fat and Greek wedding was a disaster. (so no commas needed between these
adjectives) But you COULD say:
My energetic and playful and mischievous Doberman puppy knocks things over. (anywhere you could put “and,” put a comma)
Verb a word that expresses action or a state
of being. Examples: run, sing, dance, dunk Also: is, am, are, were, was
Tenses Verbs have different tenses: past,
present, future Sleep
Yesterday, James slept in class. I never sleep in class. Most likely, James will sleep in class
tomorrow.
A good trick: Whenever you are trying to figure out
whether a word is a verb or not, always try this trick:
I ________________ We __________________ You ___________________ He/She ________________
*If it makes sense, it’s a verb!
Adverb – a word that modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another verb. *Adverbs answer the questions such as: “how” “when” “where” “how much” *Also… most adverbs usually end in –ly. Examples: really, coldly, rarely, early, very, every, always 1. Nick is a very good student. 2. Mr. Bowen is usually nice to students. 3. The cafeteria food is usually very good. *It is important that we know all of these parts of speech so that we can construct complex and descriptive
sentences. Our goal in this class is to become effective communicators. These are all tools that will allow us to be more free, and allow us to make more meaning with our speech.
Literary Devices1. Foreshadowing 2. Imagery 3. Simile 4. Metaphor 5. Extended Metaphor 6. Characterization7. Dramatic irony8. Verbal irony9. Situational irony10. Personification 11. Hyperbole
12. Dialogue 13. Alliteration 14. Allusion 15. Anaphora 16. Allegory 17. Symbol 18. Theme 19. Diction 20. Mood 21. Tone