j "jl' j' 1

PIIII.O WIII'TK. t i TE CONTitUl'IM ANjS- iE UNION

--OF THE STATES..;.. TUPV MUST t rr PRESERVED. ' i sit. ,;. - . . . . . - I. f wl

r- -. - :". tttri ? ' - i " : . . .. . .r .jj. ., -editor, ANtf State printer.

'UVI.KiOH,.

. C....TBimSftAc

V, A?ftt, 14, 1836. Ft&b three Dollars per. AKxuj.mriflM

PRINTES AND" rL'BU.SHED

tFtT'VtS. force garrison make questionablen!,v,Mp h9ir.wrlvr"ul .uuwrow mne. statement

in advance; Mi WM be kwr fof the Hv ,rand !.inar distance or out-o- f. the State, to pay gentue year advance. .A subscriber fnibng Jo foregive notice bdwJfl Ld.sconunue the aU'eratio

iratiou of the pQriod for he majr have paid,wnlbe considered as having subscribed anew, and,the paper conj.mn.ert, the option of the Editor,until ordered to be stopped ; but no paper will be

.discontinued until all arrearages are paid,Letters the Editor must come free of postage,

cr they may not be attended to.Aoi'xr.TisE3iENT.s will be inserted the rate of

one dollar per sauare for three insertions. A liberal discount Will be made those who advertise

the year. Those sendina: in AdvertisementsWill be good enough mark the 'number of.Jiir.es they wish them 'inserted

Speech of Col. ISEXTOX, ,

OF MISSOURI,In the Senate of the United States; Feb. 23,

ori the Kf?5oJuiin iubrtiitted by himsielffor ap-

propriating portion of the surplus reveiitttstowards ihe Defences of the Nation.

CONCLUDED FROM LAT V.TEK

Mr. BENTON wduld remark, it" rlos-in- g

hia brief notice of the reports of iheengit-eer-a o! 1794 that they selected, in al-

most every instance, when not cramped byrati stnallness ot appropriations, the samepoints for defend inir

it l - i i -

the withinso

requiretfteui, as to

t. .. J ' .

. ot. it

a. f asin u

at.

'anywhich

at

tto

at

tol- -

to

a

ma I'll

so

to

ii

enabled to judge

fortifications

;

arose;

(orofa; State

withina I

peMinent

As

for

the harlioTslinteref,s'Ml'lh'e Sta,BS imeiestmoV4 desirable object.

ubseqtieiltl.y That in surrendering to the United Statesty otner at ot revenue from this State amiharbors, recommended noa-tina- bat-;t,Piie- a' ttm fas now a

a n l:juj i4.'LLiU.. Luiiiucicni nor inn or that wnhra k.iciics auu jia.iu ia iu uc cwuiuircu . . : a? . -' .i . defence, aiul ihnlort.ncation ; a spec.es or i oatnig lhe Un,tC(l , j; Jsyslm .c

wnicn tne tate engineers adopt as truahliam of ib,

feceri

supersede general satisfy proper 'ministration if surpasses lev- -commeiiding; the the great reaSonafe,eexPecla,on.jrovement ot tne steam power. r . F5

for

- j v 1

.

; r ,c

and :

im- -

T...:.i

the

tattprtt-nrr- lUL oiaies, in this - - - r. 8mpctinvT in .lOVem- - Ci, ,r. . , con's idmirtic rnhnn. . . . . a iiliuii ui nerma ' viiufcer ly 4, president

; oeut defence of New. ade- - from aDe commamcaieu mm eoay 10 the oh temporary works

bad taken, and of7JFwV0 W? disgracesbeen Jjg ShS'l war have been

it fh Mnrrh nriwdniff , ?. T . , .. ,V w - a .awa a - V 4IJ , 4 V a

an ursrerit recommendation to increaseand make them comhieiisnyatt1

wi'h tno exigencies or tne country. l He I

I ... a ... I I

' "

.

'

iiivt'iWUuwy House SiMmSS eipendinff

uc'ti iim.s nnn-- vras early as of December ensuirig,U'ade report by Mr. F.tzsimmons, theirchairman, carryingout the President's policy. Mr. B. wouldri'ad and wooJd proboSe it as modelnow to be followed, boih for brevity of

style the eaiciency of lis reeom-Xhendations"- .

Tii& iiflrotJir,Mr. riTiimmons, from the committee to

whom was referred that ihe' message ofthe President wnieh cpjects the fortifying theports and ndrboTs of the ITnited States made thelolljwiug report:

That by report of the Secretary at U"r,it appears, th-- t in pursuance the of thelast, session, tne iprnncation tae nmeremand harbors in forwardness, ex-

cepting only the port of Boston and Wilminglonfnthe of suspended for reasonsassigned by the Secretary io hi report.

cdntrasi been entered into for theordnance nceessary, and measures taken for pfo-ressn- is

in the fortifications soon the seasonwjj penni

That the necewity of enltfring the pTsfn

of detence some instances', and the enhancedprice of labor ai'd materials since thefirst esti- -

""ut ana

fence contemplatuecessiiry JgMW!

coiistruciea umoer ana ennos'.one, much larger

The taking into' tffewith this sul-ject- , and

received the necessary from theSecrr1dr of War, subant the following resolu-tions

That the necessary worts for.ports' artd harbors ot ihe tJnuedfii-ates- ,

ought continoxd and construcieil (f ihemest materiaf, best loan&sver thepurposes of defence and"' prinaneney.

Resolved That sum not exceiffingOOfw(over" above tho sums already appro

p'iaien) be approprrated ior the purpose aliire-sai- d

and thai shot riot- - exceeding 100 000 dol-

lars auuosft, be provided the Serviceaforesaid.- -

Rcavlvfd, Thai the President lhe UnitedSiatea be authorised fo-girt- re pielerence. in pointof lime, to ihe oou.pletiofi of Mich ct Said forliftcaiiunsas be hiay think hdvibable."

Mr. B. yould here drop details, andeconotni his remafks. fie has

i.topoint vhivli wouldrMtsition. It was the

missatfes of 1790, '93, and '95, for cloth

appropriated

Washington's

renairino;

ing his armor offence, loriifyingaH ports and'harbors,

and tier in condition toamotijj the rtynk to whichwas-erifttle- d. This was nowcom-p'etvl- y

established ,:aric! view.wl'iai'h.-h-

0hadatiempted tketch, no long-

er encumbered with documentary evidences and minute details, would "proceedwith ease and rapidity. The system offortifying fhus establisded under Washing-ton's administration, wenf On an

under that of his successorthe first Mr. Ada tris stimulated asby impendingdifficulties with France. Bui

killing Ml'" that policyon accession Mr. Jefferson. Thedifficulties with France had vanished,besides, he was-ao- t favorable to

itself; and messageindicative of to decide,

fate of ..the fortifications. To do tohim, an extract from that message- - will beread :'.','.

fortifications Karborsmore'nrlesSauvanced, present consu'erations of great dirTical-ty- .

While some of them on socle, sufficient- -

ly the advantages posj-- -

tiuiv, the cffigicy oi' and'fhe- -

importance of point others are 'current expenses, hadfe deduce the annualextensive, will cost o.uch their erection,muca their maintenance, anq siich

EEancos foreseen, shall be laid' be- -

benecessai the laws

resffec'ingthisulect."Under this message, resumed tor B.

the languished and declined.Appropriations became less and ie5; theold-work-

s decayed garrisons were 'reduc-ed, and new ones were not begun; but dif-ficulties with England some out-rages, were committed within our waters,and the States possessing seaport towns beW

to Teinonsirate, and to demand defences;their ports and harbors. The legisla-

tive .resolves, the State of New York, asccatrig from fr iendly to thte adminis-tration, as containing an argumentiheinsol hemg of whatcame liyom other btates, and as beiti-strictl-

the present debate. Mr. Bwould read.

Npv York Leghlature1 March 20, 1S07.K&blvedi the-sCn- se of ihi r..mrtievery consideration of ittKnv iid dnttt

quirea ihvt adequate measutes should he adoptedby the National Governmeui the protection of

i. , -

Toat ihiinffri.ii,r.i imnroviaent neglectumrim-ium- i llkj :, I

porti and aredBeryindicatedi

ted in iliin

engineers, ana mat, most tn, tne arising imposts,thev rijrht

, iprpnnp i.Tn;twl gfe thuic "r ndlor itsueience by

aeience nraiddlies. Lh MmmAn inidea form

adaptionage, riL..n.

the

considerable

per

cation made the i

enforced

the

fortyAdams's

otgecthas applied

forot

the

salt),

economy

ioi.

There

nfisisHSPed

Ui.is

largeinn mHii

Allue of r.inorpw ' ;;rr ,. iJia.li anc

the of tullv ibeetl savedstes me subject, and

he which many the disasters tfrchad made, m carrying into the S woultl

Ontb nf with .i

the

of

of

are

Delaware,

ecutedcomrmiiee,

connected hav-ing inlornVatiSn

dorabl

dollars

maintain

andpolicy

viewsjustice

their

until Congrer.s happily Mr. JeUerson, even in illsake further provision in the premises. j message, 1808; coiild nbt bringJitS'jlvat, lhat the lA?2i.la; me of ihis t VV ino-tn-'

the conduct Senators .Li ; t vli. r i . . : linnh . . . i . 'i i" . i r . - r : i i . i i . i i - - -t - . . -

ot l ofnrponi:i vtM ijs iu in : ij. . r -

the 4tha

and

athe

and

.

part

'

port

State

That have

as as

fromin

reque-te- d osupponand accumulating defaultirieasures neceasarv finding such objects recommending aiter-th- e

permanent defence State, ations Constitution enableZilL gener-ih- e turned ronds canal.Motally.overobject

Under ibis appeal from New York,tinued backed others from othtr

jStates; and stiitiulaled increasingcofcitcirii?t I.m;iUa4i

innioitiorH multiplied violationswithin waters, British

ships administrationJefferson found necessaryilung, boatsre'sofled The gunboats tried.They had their jLtay, brief

Mr. Jeffersojn'send their glory. Mr. Ma-

dison came into office March, 1309convoked Congress Ma'yearinfo cured gunboats

situation require further expenseand large appropriations foiLifica-tlon- s

cDmanudd their early consideration.farewell gunboats

revival ofthe System plan7z'rvjM7'. estatjirsnea vvastjinuion I

admht&ff firtKjon ucutr.dn

aview

- ,

Res.'lvfd, (or-- i

tifyingihe10

a-- i

."

eat aa

theher

putting a

policyhistorical

o

celeratedwas"

a a

theliis

!is

ato

so

a

. a a

v

Ran

to

ie--

ogr.'ssions,

the

t

i

o- -7. . J

v.

n

j

v ilnrirfi-- rfi j'- -, n u u e t

aipose, shall have it iheir nowefm

State' j u...... - ......

the

"

"

their

be andmay be

f and the to toto andn- ' " v w a. ..Ji

:M

is

con- -

Mr. B, byby the

a pi. the vcor ana ol

bywar, the of Mr.

some- -

apd the of gun waswere

and it wasfor of

saw the of

for of the samethat were put

in a to nofor

the to and theof

avinaa i l u Or CO 1 r lu ' , f f t 11" I II T T - fill- inea uy uars wir be tne . ovwv wi Mr.the

; ar.u

: .

be

, a

alor

At he

,

of

as

nut

of

of our

ot

ob- -

v a

nf

L

capi- -

vynrcn Deen mao'e any yearfrom the fohndali'on the Federal Gov-

ernment this da:y. 19,000,being Quarter of million moreapproprrated tffe first year the war,and wiihin$300H)0 the sum contained

this bill: the of which seemsastonisiY some gentlemen 'much.

Secretary War, Dr. Eustis, made re-

port upon fortifications, which maynearly e"?ery pojrt and harbor now

proposed be fortiued, from Passamarjuoddy bay fhc momfr theind the.pprop'riations continmUlarge an?T than 63.405,000,'

the first four years Mr. Madison'swiK:h were yems peace,

but menaced with war. ,The ucst fourfrom supi

nd take Sher sum 2,00,000 toinenessthis obiect. Aft return of neace even

the second term Presi-jbod- v' took warning fiom the past; and rtldency, and of (GcvemmenV. enteredhis oveat Hf.Hcy. recommended the tUordiallv umn business of

ULcountry with de

nations, she

the

withpace

frost, upon,

was

areproportioned of

protection,

sample

day

Thisdefence,

ofto It as 8 .4

wasin

ofinto so

6;f

in be

toto of

to beumiuaff no

in of

f! ofof

of

in

ac

it

of

it.

in

be

, j . jpast error by providing for the future, andcovering the with permanent anddurable work. Mr. Crfvord, who waParisf sent us an from scfibol

'bfTgreat Napoleon Congress took himin:'o 3ervTice board was forrrfetl to plan i

and direct the. work: and appfo pfiations of

or 900,000 dollars were madeto carryierrr on. The messages of-Pr- e

Mdhroe, and reports of the Se-

cretary of at that period, in favor ofthe system, are 'well known to1 he repeated hera The result of tins spirit was

formation of board alluded to; Bernard, of army, Elliot of thenavy and their laborious examinationsand various especially of

in 1826, by which the one hundredaifd seven forts, besides field wotks andfloating batteries, were resolved upon

defence df the maritime arid . gulf-frontie-r.

The system of Washington, Xhus re-

vised at the end of the-wa- r, has been pur-

sued ever " since, witli82021. '22.. when thefTreasury, from

the increase of tho navy,

aisbanded :touV. thousand out of its little ar-my, diminished fortification appfopria-ti6- n

one half, and rigid eehnb-ra- y

and minute curtailment at all points.With the return of prosperous Treasufv.

uslr&l ahpronriations for fortifiatinnf;were restrmed, artdthe suhtof millionand seven hundred and thousand dol-lars Under ilieseGontl iMr. adininisrtrntion, arid of about five millions underPresident Jackson's-- , hare ttnniied tothat Wijh tlie.great consolation thatall that been since the war,moununf to tvyelye and half millionsdollars,'is saved, ihe works beinjr constructed of durable as permanentwhile the evefl and a half million pre-viously iaid oiit nifl.y be considrvl asthe works being dpne in perishable ma-teria Is, of means in the.time ofVashhigton and Adams, andme, and unifier pressut-- e of danger, in

the lime of Mr. Madison. ' '

Here, Mr. B. thelre was room forprecious and valuable retrospection. Se-

ven andi half millions of dollars appliedto fortiScations, ha beeh last, partly byperiiH-iou- m using perishable

; i j-- ... lj. . . imaterial, more oyi'3 I,

propriateti

fully

lime iiR.jiib we possessfu i

both, nnd consequent wasteland hurrywhen danger was pieSsing. was

itime. anterior late war. whento expect, that a hoth rPfln?

h leisure, tO have entered upoBperraancht fortifications ; it was

the and in the by welfare, to and and the of

to hen then so applied,onnrnnrinl",c vu,lt ot

. , . uurai) nave--

wasnmgton caused York,to 10 me importance ol that lexpeildiiure

wasteful

Wiucli tne progess anS ofeffect preted.. tri- -

r,f

fortificationshimsejf

fully approvej r -

Uom-mue- e K; conMitutiou-a- t morfea

sustaining

it,

jt

act

oe m exto

of

"suffici-ently the

init

ot

vTS

enue had theoenau M,. .vn'.J,

portquaie and

in lasttd in,,.,.

of and urrruiiiamekh

lo

eo

otfr

to

m

andtbatthev enforce surplusses, insuch funher for

.his Id in theiriTi07

jurisdiction ourof

it doexperiment

to;a

the end administra-tion

in

the

thai

was

"'rtuci "ui

wrth Nftra.

snd

the

ihat

eh

hag ever

1

a a thanof

amountThe

a

found

Mississippi

tis

of

the

the 0

coastin

the;

;' a

tho

too

the thethe arid

;

1824,

f$tthe

some1 a

appropriation

a

a

two

a- -

a of

d materials,

wantfotUvant

i.

Miiu wuen

ato the

af

re

in in........o

i

as

net put

to

rinMlM 3ui"

m

8

fortificatioils 1 without works the Hfe ais now sea utterly States,

its r:ch populous thiwt lieat the not merely of the b'oinbs ahd

retvt ej jm. enem v 4tiei in--UmfjtixJbut even ol lag enterpnze.oi pirates and buccaneers! A similar periodhas come round again; we surplusrevenue, and wfc hnvc peace. We. cannow lay it Out in our defence with theskill and care which durability and trueeconomy require ; and if it is not so laidout, there is one department of the Government Ht least which will not be toblame,-"th- c Executive department I whosemultiplied messaegs to this eltect, and especially th one on the annivefsary of thebirth day Washington, and reinforced bythe sentiments ofthe Father of his country Jcannot be lost eithif upon the Senate orthe country. .., .

Having finished his historical jewand deduce the frfsfory of our fortifica-

tions from 1794 to the present dny, SirRj rairte to tne.fffeat nuestioo which must

entrap ?Newand of the country : Suitll the system of

fortification go on, or shall it hNt Shaf-.- l

the srirplus revenues be applied fo.fortiflcations and other defences, or shall theybe among the States? These are

h'he questions, or rather this is the fr.ies- -

ion; lot the two make ran one, and areconveriifrle their essence though distincf their teffnS i this is the Question.3pi( the tirrfe has arrived lor decidihg it.If the money is divided a monj? the States,ihen . t h 6 great public dehwts, oi, whic'tffortificatiorts are only 6ne hlusthalt where they befr'nninsr ho' new!

Uvorks, and' merely completing old ones.:or -- they must and Ian- -

guish,uncer i na deq u a e appr op ria t ion s. fosr

some ten of twenty years, until some m--

aTri lyears, which covered the war, saw a fur-(dang- er reuses tae counlry

frost,

first

The

great

engineer

reports,

' v

the result ;' ftrV fhe surplus cannot, goboth objects, Snd will be insufficient for-ftr- e

objects of defence alone, ft systemat-ic exaggeration seems now to prevail infilling the Treasury withsurplusses a" a systefhafic exaggerationprevailed f&o ago in demonstratingits emptiness. 1 hen we were to be bankrupt at this day! Now; we ate to havesitch masses of surpluses that extra vn-gan- ce

nor everi profligacv of exnenditure, can get rid of them . what iscurious, these opposite exaggerations aremaintained by the same persons to . the

j V ' I RIV awa.'w.a (a V 111V V VV

throw of the ii tfie object.Two y.ears dgb'tbe.. overthrow wajv'.to.beeffectedV-b- y terrify ing the people wkh theapparition of a bankrupt Government;now it is to be the seduc-tive $vidVndsQjf ihexhaustible 'Treasu-ry 1 In both ihstances the exaggerationsare the same unfounded fn 18Si4 .un

founded. in .. The TreasuryMs m. nomore c'angij' m frb.ni diste' ijsip n

now, than it wras cwrapsing fforh ddple- -

surplus of sixteen millions; run out. then. Itis trus we ha ve a large surplus

git

phe Bank expansions Cjled 'mmjmiim ti..v sta: the--eort- r

iic and fin tate. at that ti mft' bank nntrn.uons, in inree year afterwards, emptiedall ! and none nioire colfnpletely than theTreasury of the States 1 ThmTreasury yhich vvs held! to be inexhaustible in IS 17 which in the second quar-ter of that year held in deposite in lletJank of the United States Al&dSroStlanfl tnmy-si- x cents! Tind which ran out sorapidly, that at the end of 1 320, its vastdep" osite was. feduced to $38,210 and 94cents; aii'd in the first quarter of 1821 itvs all gone. a deficit incurred, --and anoverdraw of 1,044,539 and 91 cents actU-- ially made upon the funds of the Bank :

and this 'after the great reductions madep.uoiic expenaiture. The of' though more numerous, will i be mtrch:

the States itself on the eve of smaller, and will rhottnt fevvet.tfns ;

cuTjfping r naJ( oi local canks 'stoppedraymerit: individual bnnkruntcies'. Sacrinvq o' property, and enrichment of moneydealers, was the universal 'scene. Thesnme catastrophe is now in full prospect,and blind he who does rfot see. !

flank expansions have pushed every thiiigabove its: revel ; irf-- a liule while" eVeythiiig will bp as riiuoh . below its just level,as they are now'above it. Th Jhrge sur-plus now our Treasury willlike that fn Mr. Jefferson's time and that

11317. Let' us then apply )t to ttsefuiand constituttbnal objects while haveit. The question is imperative ; shall ve

it to the public defence, or divide, it6Mi parcels amOrig iHe States and thepeople? It cannot goto both purposes,and we must rJeHde. and deeitla on thisvery bill, to h purposes the moneyshall go. This is a bill for new fortificaitions; it commences new works, 19number, requiring an expenditure of amillion atitl three quarters this year, andn total expenditure of about 5,00(3,000--- Xf

the bill psses, it is a pledge? for thecorriplition of tile; whole system, and thespeedy- - commencement of the remainingworks if it is rejected, or curtailed, h 1 isa halt ih tho system, and may terminateIn its present abandonment and long post-- ,

ponement, until some her danger rousesus again from our supine improvidenceBesides these genera! considerations; Mr.B. had recourse to others of more limitedand particular application, showing lheinjustice ol halting now in the system ofaeience, ana rcjeeting or postponing, me

looked the which it: in bill. --deemed STfchCertain that an extended board (course unju&t to the

with and cities;

oaring

have

divided

crcTwl,

And

United

apply

whic

wh'ichas yet, had nothingf dime for thertf OfthS 1 4 Jbfts finished, iouis-an- and Ala- -

M&Ml&mtit&kafa thanMasfacfiu setts, Connecticut, Rhode inlandand Pennsylvania, not one. Qf ?he for t5 tinder'construction, Virsrinia the two Cardimas, v.eorjra, ana iMonna, nave 8, onw&ch about $3,814,00 have been eXpeoded, arid a further expenditijre bf 8 1,760,-00- 0

is t.o tae, place ; MaiiM, IewHampshire, Connecticut, Pennsylvania,have nothing under construction, and willhave nothing for a long unless thebill becomes a law. It is the: p$mr province

of this bill, to provide for the Sta&s,whose claims have beefi postpohed. Itprovides chiefly for those States Avhichhave had Ieof5t, of riothing: 3 fof iajtie ;

one fof New Hampshire; three for Mas-sachusetts; one for Rhode Island ; one forConnecticut ; one lor. ixew Tork ; two forPennsylvania Jihd Delaware; and threefor Maryland Shall these State-- 3 be dis- -

. . a

the attention of the. Sepateappointed Shall thefr commercialest appropriation was made for fortifications fnow tnls remain Shall

commencement

bsice.e89fu'iestaili

annually

sidentWar

Totten

re-vised

rela.xationjn

mercy

inin

branch,are,

creepand

wo its

of

io

inexhaustible

no

arcomplisJiebV

me

is"

in

ofwe

in

in

exposed? Boston,York, Philadelphia, and .Baltimore, re-

main without defence, while New Orleanslias been completely covered, and protect-ed!. . Shall that of New. Tork still remainwithout defence, which so strohgfy deuiandeffit sa right in 1807 f in 1807,nearly thirty years asp, and before New

.( fr!tntYs u'nYi nenured ?

Mr. B. said the view whWf ff had taken ot this subject would be mcompleteitf did not pursue it still .further- Sndlook iitfo softer ul the objections urged agams? fori ill cations, and some, of the

therWas to tne objections;

It was objected to fortifications that theywere expensive, costing a great deal toerect them, and a great deal afterwards to

12. : : . ii, . rr i - i i

to repeat the folly of haty works, VI ,au" um "ST' " VUMIU JlliaiiBVlt IIRW I IU X TI IS UlUCa i V rn. 4 ' i dt lha &n-r- JttJkTmil nt ft wris Iriil i he

years

1

an

1856.g1

I

eheannes of th'iS' species of ffefence was: " S' a. C 1 1 - I- -

" jijj' JOne of Ttvaosoiute recommenaairous, auulie SliOUia reserv.e uic jieuu ior vaunrnrrfon under the ad'vanufees of forte Whenhe cafTfife to sneak of those advantages, heIwonfd show that fortifications, instead ofbeing the dearest, were the cheapest 6Tde-fence- s

riot only in money, but in the moreimportant consideration of men and lives ;

as it was a mode of defence, which ab- -

stracted fewer men from the other pursuitsof life toaccomplish the .same object, andw as attended with less loss of life, either

the casualties of battle or the diseasessame auditors, ancJ for the Same ofteciS. j

from, , .

Tiic oppositibn are tb,- - exaggerators ; the'01 inc mP- -

J I - a a

adiriinistration

ofrab-ltib- n

Bank

.

..

'.

obfeeti'on, wa to the. garrisonswhich; fortifications reqUirecr, amounting,as it Ws supposed, to a standing army in

time of'peace. This objection, Mr. B. said,if true, would be serious: but 'it was un- -

lrue and unfounded, and the answer rhicbbe should. erve to it, toundeu upon iie re--

ply of the chief ot tbe Engineer oepnri-ment- ,

--Gen. Gratiot, to the precise questions lybicli he had put to him, would as

..-- . t . . :. t . - . l iL.

PiK fWA Qtniwrfn ihp fvrrnmr . rptiilt fronrtrW shrhe caUSe. inawu iv.,rr,Tto, avoid the disgrace pMiblic . forjand W$i ifotred by the .ornpaiatire,

eonsiderej,-- Vdttld not fee etjuarte the reduced military peace establishment pre- -

8'inyeu, uy; air. jeuerpon in louz, a ruleof proportion, and a standard, to which hepresumed no sen-itor- , not even --the mostfastidious opponent to standing-- armiestime of peace, .would object.". As tb.ihe.numbers: (Jlen . Uratiot shows that 1,80men will be sufficient, time ef peace,--lake care oC all the forts nctv built, allnow building, and all now proposed-i- n thebill before the-senat-

e, ant!r that 34,140 willsuflicjen.t to garrisoft them in. time of

war. lhese numbers' will he safhcientfor 46 of the forts - the r,emaimrrg:. er 'willrequire a less number, becarrse the fcrrtsv

m,ineUnited was tkee

vanish,

while

(yl will then require, to keep thm rfcwder tirne peace, &5o8 anif toigtsrrison them in time of Wir, ; 22,09men Hem wm be it totality, wheh 'aTlthe forts are. finished, of about S.600 hfenin time of peace, and : of about 60,600time w-n-

r; the whole of which, exeept;'about 5,600 arttlleristsi rtm) beJ mIfHwand volur'iteei'S of the adjacent country

into the service when a stee is ap-prehended, and diseitarged" wheh it iib-ve- r.

Sueh were the numbers that wouldbe sufficient both pacfe and wirbutfor peace, the garrisotiSj if regulated witha military eye, with a view to discipline,police ?and Inariial spirit, would fee aboutdouble, say 7.000 the whole, as theseobjects would require that companiesshould not be divided- - Taking, the harbor, or mouth the i500 take? Q&t&pk is an expenditure nationalwhole 1 07 forts, --when completed, andjhat 7,000 would constitute the proper garrisons ordinary, a. would proceedto his comparative view, and show thatlhe largest lhes would notreqtwe an addition to our present pntewestablishment, which would make it e- -

qual, the relative state of the Cbuiitry con-

sidered, to the peace estabhsnment df $At'.Jefferson. "To verify this donipatativeview, Mr. B. took, first, the number of thetroops, and the population then' andnow and secondly the extent territo-ry ihen and pow, Tender the first aspect,he showed that tfre peace establifthment1 80( was 3,080 ,raen : that, of the pre- -

sent period was 6,000 ; the i popularidtt ik1802 was 5 toiUions ; at. present, a- -

bout 16 millions. Here was aof about 3 to 1 iti the population, o. thata; peace estaWishtjierit upnn the mere dataof relative population ot y,4 no.w; vouiu

liachs Katfc 7 486, 3,08O was

time,

ho

fromlvtrat,

called

i sui. rsunne comparison wsww pelimited this data extent tetrftoTraflimit, arid by consequence, of frontier out-lin- e,

to be guarded, must be combinedwith and ifiiathe --numbers 6f 1802. The territoriallimit on the map in f802 was th. parafrfelof 31 degrees to the south,. aid ftho .

Mis-

sissippi to the west : the actual frontier tobe guarded thattime was Goor- -

gia, Worth Avpronna iennessee, iven- -

tucky, and Ohio... The limits ori the mapnow, the gull coast to the iufh; andthe Pacific ocean to the weSt :the actualfrontier to tfuarded how, to thescnilli

theWest; lies the for

the the greatlythe IVK&sonri,. extends fo the Falls ofAnthony, and Outlet Eake Supe

the first, wasfonfines Mexico, and the foot the

Thus tlfe terri-torial limits and the actual ffoioltigr. aredoubled smee 1802 aftowmg fbr thismcrease,'tne peace loisomt? he rafsedo 12;320 men, wifhoiitexceeding the thni of 1602 Thus,if ihe umber of 107 iofti were nowcompleted", and full garrisons in ordinarywfere them, theO Would still re-

main about 6,00CF miri" for the western,land frontier, add the whole would bewithin ihe 'of .Mr. Jefterson's reduced peace establishment. Bttt the whole

eof the forts are not now finished, and cannot, with all the men an& rnOas that canbe emoloved upon thorn, f finished ujsderten years t'his tiirre. By that time

11 .''1 --'i -

population win nave merwiseo tt.ve

millions nmre, and wona mrrnwi anotner

andthousand

nn. o'rY the basis Of 82 but-iba- t uumwill not be wanted; about" twelve thou-

sand whlJ even then le enough fortPV present, ten thousand . men, aliowmsix thousand for-t- be western oad-aorth- -

frontier.-an- four thousahfl to thefric will suffirienf and this number, kniles.IU1 fcaJj s v.-a- ' 'in the rresent tate of the' country, wouldbe nearly (hree thousand under tbe of

j- -t .- .i - ai- - LUpon- - mese aaa, aoom, wutcn

khere be dispdte, . Mr.-- B. considered objection the landing- - aroy

time of peace to trarrisott the. forts,,be completely exploded an-wwi.- dis- -

riaiss without taking in anotner elementnaturally neforigirrg to

the increase revehue, which wouldrender an esCablishment of ten ihousaodmen now less burthensome thar threethouaand and eighty was the uiMr. JefTerson. xMr. B: took fof histhe military establishment of t8Q2,-pr- e

senled by Mr. JetTerspa intonnr unon the cry against standingarmies time peace ; arid he presumed

tonish gentlemen, m would eVer nmili-mno-nitu- de

mistike answerwould be t,va fold; .positive, showing

Me nrented..,mhni.ti,ni Ti-rt- ili he rfainred to fifar- -

dut four years, had to overdraw in thi Bnk rff ftb' biit rid Var m'trie ife would,.

thorefore,' dismiss Kis

11 tiffof .a

in

in

be

in of

inof

rife

in

in:

An

J

Vhitt d States: had prtcip.ta q a i tir Irj-la-us

updo tile eStera frontier, n in-.crea- sei

reguiar tce youid be demanded by the voiri wt i 4ffMor ms; tea th'oBsarid men were requr-e- a

intthe, present inio fwhicb six tliDnsaad H0;?m ,h imm

tern and northwestern f,natthis number the congre wdui.be calJejto vote Mhev present session' '

A. objection the fomlck ions waiuSto the locality of the expenditure whicjthey would involve.. vyas said theney wouhjl be expended ojri tfiethe prejudice of the interior. . M rs B. dewurred to this objection . t was anti--inational and. anti social; --' it was ao-RinR- d

Isf ielter.of: the constittonr ami agawsflthe nature and tbe principles of the social

Komnact. Protection and allegiance vcAttogether fevery part of the coimtfyi ooUegiapce to tjie government, :oad the go- -

yerninent pwed protectipn to every paxl.?Happy, most happy, thoae who heeded ntprdtextib. After all thaican be pendeoir W2 exposed coasts, the inhabitants of.the coafe ytJf still ho less sfeture tha,thole of the interior, on, which notKmg iexperideB for- defence. 'Thie bbjeciion iainot anti-nationa- l; and ant." social, butit' is rallaclobs It is a . fallacy - ra itsel f.

must deceive who ref faitji,upori ii. ,.Ari expendltnrtj upon thecoast for the defence of a seaport a harbojor the mouth df H ily &,ii& ocaJaapehditure I It is not anbenefit of which,is confined tbme tpwn;

then, no to the of rivermen as sufficient to thetbut it in ita

in lf.

of numbers

of"or

of

1- -a

difference

in

to of

it, ilt

at throUg-- b

are

be

Stto of

to

oilit

ratio &f

or

our

of

it

of

of

thno

to

moto

we

jl

sea

3,- -

obliffation, redounding- - to the benefitall, and. beneficial to the farmer at the-- heajLof the. river arid In tiie gorge of the moun

as wejl as tb tho ' mei chant on mkftseaboard; for unless the eapoVt iaprotect-- -,

ed apd die mouth of the river )reptOrtpen, the crop rallied at of the r?rver, and stock; driven fl;om the gorOfthe mountain, will return unortcne nanaspi tneownpr. . it was, tn ere are,an uHfeundeo objectiori, and .aldbouh laexpenditure be unfciat, yet that &ioVjrjualitv vrai neithef iitiiut rlTfft abfded rlo Argurrieni for the distribution bills, ra whose aid:.itvdkedr Those bills were repudiatedraosi or me jnjieripr siaieB, anq py nearlyall thVfe an3 as for the oJfpkwhich bad asked for. the distribution ,o?surplus, they had also asked for fort. an,rtOyies ; and.they could not have the ' Earojmdhey for both, objects. The truejaidtoIhe new stirfeft WOuliJ be iil feducingthprice of Jsnds, as 4hey Ka've oftenTrequested ; and all ,the ihteicior stages wi3Thave the. benefit of thboth the uSe and m the expendfturethem., by .the armorjes and ars h is estab-.r- .lishef Jithin them, the! increased troojsf1on tffe frontier, and the annual expenditurefor supporting the whole forts, tb.!.hatfes, the troops, will be supplied npxsupported from the interior tre armbrteifiiiZA ..l .. i . ' .u' :lK i'J!f Jauu iiii.dis wm in ine

A fourth- - objection which haxf caughMr. B 's attention, was tlfd supposed eVfiect

much ui? uuuuiug oi bo many Fortinca.- -'

ions would on the brie labor. Inwnroaches Tfopic of Cancer, ait K-- i wai supposed that ft '.would so )aViV

to the .west rildhg Sabir.p, a derriaod labor that the prlcef wourdmPHeu river, Arkansas and l enbariced, to the prefudiee of HfiE.

the

Rocky both

andestaoiisnmem

V.ff6tfeJSt

allowed

limif

fronv

tHethe

-- ailueless

rijlitiniurintis.

newi

.public

road, turnpike, and canal companiesmakers Mr. had tvfo ahi-We-r iliitf

rior? with rtccaslonal expeditions i objection : that npt Valid4. 1o of

mountains.

" : :

in to

wit

B toto it

true; secondly, that if was m".t trtje.id. To him it seemed 6 atBarnxiithe fact should w as sdpftosed.T aia'Miathe rail turnpike aid Canal Aompav4V'ies should haVe-f-o pay ffie faofera t fe.ceriismore par diern; Itrvva.s wtitten iri tbfr,

srnptures that, the Irfbotet wasOirvI'thy of firs hire; aov for his own part', f&k ffp one better rtHM to all that 6,qonld get the .rra$Bd w8rks wiBtfiHsiwy oariu-- s ironi w ,10 sun., vertauithe was, "the freight arid the. t.ll ori tjbe r'oand the canal would

.nW- - be ifpenny taafc

JesA because theHlabouer had Jbfeen hjreJ'atta reduce)! 'ricev Bit Md. B. denied tho;fact TBfe fortifications, so remotdi

oach other, had to be built 6uchian extended line, stretching from Passa- -

jmaquoddy to the of the Missis-- -

sippi, mat uie ouuumg 01 one lvouiu, navai.- --. mJ:'lirfi effect upon the cost of bTiiloHnianjotlBi

nf ilf TafTvrRAn'- nift.tablwh4en the coat of the would haroTn Ant : fifteen mejft rrachtrthe -- no influence apoa the rate oC labeor in.lJiai

f :

ber

lie- - :9 I J

ratio1

1802.could nothe

comparisontto:

i

tiniebasis

who camefuH

in ofWSSKtheir IZZai-JTL-'

first, he-latgerihtirn

slPasOTlW'

iwp&aldbee

of

U'J2.

third

Itcoast,

only

dpd thbse their

,RenGnfttBJ

tain,

i

heaifl

wascettainlyidA;.

states

natioOgfcin for1

The

:

mierior;

have ofcreate

crosses

head

anrf

rf'vii

road,

holy

nevitt

thansy

were'from upon.

bay delta

Whole,

coutttryv Jbiveri, f all the defence bills-passed-,

and their , appropriations of Hen' orlerererf rhfllions.took ect, it ytonla be hatno more than what is annually spent for.'labor and materials in jincflo citfes ',.

this would be diffused over a line of 4,000,

' ;A'. iK'iMfvij sore'ewjat $hii9,the last, and imported that the amount pro-posed to be appropriated wastoo large to hbusefully and beneficiatlj Expended witfiiQTthe year. The vnlfdtVf j tli pDjectiw,Mr- - B said, depended uobn. the tj wVenthe appropriation bills should Pts. If de-

layed till, the spring, vas aflranced, andthe working. season wajtK losk the ortfec- -don. would acgp.ire.. fftot weight. TiUJjL

and if these impont bills wervto be pass-ed aside to JQWrti room tev aboHticA' ojtW

bates arid Jtmcr bills for oisribiH.ng-- h

publ.ic moneys, so much mote tibe lost as to make it knpossibl'emoney atfeT it was -- voteif. . 1

was an 7objection4f which tlcould, pot - take adFantaac iitake ridvantage of, bis, own wfftii;idiatf;.?t i, wrokg to ppropf into . money thatcannot be xpen4ca, if ft' ceifdin! wrontfc

chovin-- g that Wwitfc iaforin tko epttu?, that ei&xnti toatave oflTtij oppropriatioii tifldW