úI ridhk øjH u.ska ñksia fi!LHhg yd mßirhg jk ydksh je,elaùug we;s … Guide... · 2013-11-27 · úI ridhk øjH u.ska ñksia fi!LHhg yd mßirhg jk ydksh je,elaùug we;s l%shdrduqj

úI ridhk øjH u.ska ñksia fi!LHhg yd mßirhg jk ydkshje,elaùug we;s l%shdrduqj

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rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk i|yd SAICM u. fmkaùuridhk øjH l,ukdlrKh ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl Wml%ñl msúiqu

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International Pops Elimination Network

Women In Europe for a Common Future

T h i s b o o k l e t m a y o n l y b e r e p r o d u c e d f o r n o n - c o m m e r c i a l p u r p o s e s w i t h t h e p e r m i s s i o n o f I P E N

ISDE - International Socety of Doctors for the Environment

World Federation of Public Health Associations


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mßj¾;kh pu,s ,shkf.a.hdka mkdf.dv

WmfoaYkh fyauka; ú;dkf.a

mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh frdayK l=udr

mß.Kl msgq ieliqu jdlHd rEÿrl:k ( 011 2708377

uqøKh is;arE .%e*slaiaÿrl:k ( 078 6231666

m%ldYkh

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk i|ydSAICM u. fmkaùu

mßir hqla;s flakaøh20" ta l=remamq mdr" fld<U 08'ÿrl:k$*elaia ( 0112683282úoHq;a ;emE, ( ( ( ( ( [email protected];¾cd,h ( ( ( ( ( www.ejustice.lk


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BA N ndi,a l%shdldÍ cd,h

BAT Ndú;d l,yels fyd|u Wml%uh

BEP fyd|u mdßißl l%shdj,sh

CSO isú,a ixúOdk j, tl;=j

EU hqfrdamd ix.uh

FAO tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdydr yd lDIsld¾ñl wdh;kh

GAIT odyl úl,am i|yd jQ f.da,Sh ikaOdkh

GEF f,dal mßir myiqlu

GHS ridhksl øjH j¾.SlrKh yd ye|skaùu ms<sn| f.da,Sh ifudaOdk

moaO;sh

GPA f.da,Sh ie,iqïlrK l%shdldÍ;ajh

HCWH ydkshlska f;drjQ fi!LHdrCIdj

ICCM ridhksl øjH l,ukdlrKh ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl iuq¿j

IFCS ridhksl øjH iqrCIs;;dj ms<sn|wka;¾cd;sl ixi|h

ILO wka;¾cd;sl lïlre ixúOdkh

IOMC ridhksl øjH hymd,kh ms<sn| wka;¾wdh;ksl jevigyk

IPEN È.=l,a mj;sk ldnksl ¥Il ;=rkalsÍu ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl cd,h

ISDE mßirh i|yd ffjoHjre ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl ix.uh

MDG iyY% ixj¾Ok wruqKq

NGO rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk

OECD ixj¾Okh yd wd¾:sl iyfhda.S;dj ms<sn| wdh;kh

PAN m<sfndaOkdYl l%shdldÍ cd,h

PBT ffcj idkaø.;jk" È.=l,a mj;sk yd úIøjH

PCB laf,darSka nyqwjhùlrKh jQ *Sfkda,

POP È.=l,a mj;sk ldnksl ¥Il

PRTR ¥Il ksoyia lsÍu yd iïfm%AIKh ms<sn| kdu igyk

REACH ridhk øjH ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï m%udKd;aul nj ;ykï lsÍu

SAICM ridhk øjH l,ukdlrKh ms<sn| wka;¾ cd;sl Wml%ñl msúiqu

UNEP tlai;a cd;Skaf.a mdßißl jevigyk

UNIDO tlai;a cd;Skaf.a l¾udka; ixj¾Okh ms<sn| wdh;kh

UNDP tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixj¾Ok jevigyk

UNITAR mqyqKq lsÍï yd ióCIK ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdh;kh

WECP iduQysl wkd.;h ms<sn| hqfrdamd ldka;djka

WFPHA uyck fi!LHh ixúOdkh ms<sn| f.da,Sh tluq;=j

WHO f,dal fi!LHh ixúOdkh

WSSD Ñria:dhs ixj¾Okh ms<sn| f,dal iuq¿j

Ndú;d jk flá fhÿï iuyrla


5

1'0 fmrjok 5-6

2'0 ridhksl øjH l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl Wml%ñl 7-9msúiqu ̂ SAICM&2'1 ridhksl iqrCIs;;dj ,Õdlr .eksug we;s lemùu2'2 SAICM m%fhdackj;a Wmdx.hls

3'0 SAICM ys miqìu ( úI iys; ridhk øjHj, b;sydifhka 10-21yd tajd md,kh lsÍug .;a W;aidyfhka ì|la3'1 ã'ã'à' yd silent spring3'2 PCBs3'3 riÈh yd Bhï3'4 m%:u mrïmrdfõ ridhksl øjHh l<ukdlrK kS;sÍ;Ska3'5 wjOdkh by,hdu3'6 úúO ksIamdok j, we;s úI ridhk øjHh3'7 ndi,a iuq¿j3'8 ßfhda f,dal iuq¿j yd IFCS3'9 iafgdlafydaï yd frdg¾vEï iuq¿j3'10FAO Code of conduct3'11 f.da,Sh ifudaOdk moaO;sh3'12 ridhk øjH iïnkaO cd;Hka;r iïuq;s iy SAICM

i|yd ie,iqï l< jevigyka3'13 cd;Hka;r rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk cd,j, j¾Okh3'14 OSPAR fldñiu3'15 ridhksl øjHj, ,shdmÈxÑh" n,h mejÍu yd iSudjka3'16lefkaähdkq mßir wdrCIK mk;3'17 Wml%ñl msúiqu

4'0 SAICM hkq l=ulao@ iúia;rd;aul úia;rh 22-314'1 SAICM j, wruqKq4'2 SAICM j, wNsu;d¾:4'3 SAICM wjOdkï wvqlsÍfï wruqKq4'4 SAICM ms<sn|j we;s oekqj;aNdjh yd f;dr;=re iïnkaO

jQ uQ,sl wruqKq4'5 SAICM md,kh lsÍfï wruqKq4'6 SAICM YlH;d j¾Ok uQ,druqKq

mgqk


6

4'7 kS;súfrdaê wka;¾c;sl yqjudrej md,kh i|ydSAICM ys uQ,sl wruqKq

4'8 SAICM uq,H i,ldne,Sï4'9 SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu iy m%.;sh mrSCId lr ne,Su4'10SAICM f.da,Sh l%shdldÍ ie,eiau4'11 SAICM l%shdldÍ fuj,ula f,i

5'0 SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu i|yd isú,a iudch mdúÉÑ l, 32-38yelafla iy odhl úh yelafla flfiao@5'1 isú,a iudc oekgu;a SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu i|yd

odhl fjñka we;5'1'1 ridhk øjH iïnkaO m%;sm;a;s iy l%shdud¾.5'1'2 m<sfndaOkdYl5'1'3 cd;Hka;r .súiqï5'1'4 ffcj ksÍlaIKh ^Bio Monitoring&5'1'5 <ud fi!LH5'1'6 wmøjH neyer lsÍu5'1'7 jD;a;Sh iqrCIs;;dj5'2 rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, mßY%uhka Yla;su;a lsÍug

SAICM Woõ lrk wkaou5'3 cd;sl kS;s iy m%;sm;a;s5'4 hqfrdamd ix.ufha REACH m%;sm;a;sh5'5 REACH mokï jQ uQ,sl m%;sm;a;s

6'0 SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu i|yd ld¾ñl yd uq,Huh 39-42iyfhda.h6'1 ridhksl iqrCIs;;dj yd Ñria:dhs ixj¾Okh6'2 rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk j, W;aidyhka

7'0 ks.ukh 43

8'0 miqjok SAICM jHdma; lsÍfï f.da,sh isú,a iudc jHdmdrh 44

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk $ isú,a iudc ixúOdk j, SAICM ms<sn| fmdÿksfõokh

f.da,Sh jHdma; lsÍu ;yjqre lsÍfï wdlD;s m;%h


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fuu fmd;a msxp u.ska ridhk øjHh l,ukdlrKh ms<sn|j wka;¾cd;sl

Wml%ñl msúiqu y÷kajd fokq ,nhs ̂ SAICM&' fuu m%;sm;a;sh úúO rchka

yd md¾Yjlrejka úiska tlaj bÈßm;alrkq ,enQfha" úúO wka;rdldÍ

ridhksl øjHh j,g ksrdjrKhùu ksid" ñksia fi!LHhg yd mßir moaO;s

j,g isÿúh yels ydks j,ska Tjqkaj wdrCIdlsÍu i|ydh' wmf.a b,lal

lKavdhï jkqfha" fujeks ridhksl øjHhj,ska wdrCIdùu ms<sn| wjOdkh

fhduql,hq;= / tjeks wka;rdhldÍ øjHh yd in|;djka mj;sk isú,a

ixúOdk" uyck" fi!LHdrCIl" tjeks úIhhka fjkqfjka Wkkaÿj olajk

ixúOdk" ffjoH yd ikSmdrCIl fiajd mj;ajdf.k hk jD;a;Shfõ§kaf.a

ixúOdk" fujeks ridhk øjHh u.ska wk;=rg / ydkshg Ndckh ùug

yelshdjka we;s m%cdjka iukaú;jk ixúOdk yd fj<| m%cdjka h'

fuu fmd;a msxp fujeks oekqj;alsÍfï fmd;a rdYshl m,uq wdrïNh jk

w;r" tajd u.ska fujeks wka;rdldÍ ridhk øjHh j,g ksrdjrKhùu

ms<sn|j cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r wjOdkh fhduqlr we;' fuu l%shdj,sh f,dalfha

ishü rgj, mj;sk isú,a ixúOdk j, iyfhda.h iduQyslj f.dvkxjd"

by; ridhk øjHhka ksmoùu" Ndú;h yd l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï§ tajd

u.ska isÿjk ydksh wjulsÍfï cd;Hka;r l%shdj,shl fldgila jYfhka

l%shd;aul fõ'

fuu .%ka:fhys wdrïNfha y÷kajd§fï mßÉfþoh wka;¾.;jk w;r miqj

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fkdjk ixúOdk j,g SAICM fhdod.;yels wkaou fmkajd fokq ,nhs'

fuu .%ka:h wjidk Nd.fhaÈ f.da,Sh isú,a ixúOdk j,g fjkajQ mßÉfþo

mj;sk w;r" ;jÿrg;a rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iy wfkl=;a ixúOdk j,g

SAICM ms<sn|j woyia oelaùug / kej; i,ld ne,sug wjia:dj i,id

;sfí'

cd;Hka;r rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk 6 la fuu f.da,Sh jHdmdrh fjkqfjka

odhl;ajh imhkq ,nk w;r tu cd;Hka;r rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk jkqfha

HCWH" IPEN" ISDE" PAN" WECF" WFPHA h'

1'0 fmrjok


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wm¦ hqfrdamd ix.uhg" iaùvk yd lefkaähdkq rdcHhkag" mqyqKq lsÍfï yd

ióCIK ms<sn| tlai;acd;Skaf.a wdh;khg" yd wfkl=;a mß;Hd.YS,Skag

fuu fmd;a msxp id¾:l lsÍu fjkqfjka oelajq odhl;ajh fjkqfjka ia;=;sh

olajk w;r" fuys i|ykaj we;s woyia oelaùï" tu odhl;ajfha iajhx

woyia fkdjk nj ie,ls,a,g .kak'

ceka úkan¾.a"IPEN"fcHIaG m%;sm;a;s WmfoaYl"cqks 09" 2008'

igyka

HCWH –www.noharm.orgIPEN –www.ipen.orgISDE –www.isde.orgPAN –www.pointernat.orgWECF–www.wecf.orgWFPHA–www.wfpha.org


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2006 jif¾§ úúO rchka yd úúO md¾Yjlrejka úiska ridhksl øjHh

l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl Wml%ñl msúiqu1 hk f.da,Sh m%;sm;a;sh

y÷kajd fokq ,eîh' fuys wruqK jQfha úúO ridhksl øjHhka ñksia

fi!LHhg yd mßirhg wju ydkshla jk mßÈ ksmoùu yd Ndú;hhs'

rgj,a 100lg wêl mßir weu;sjreka" fi!LHh weu;sjre úúO ksfhdað;hska

fuu m%;sm;a;s ud,dj talu;slj f;dard.;a w;r" rgj,a 100 lg wêl

iyNd.S;ajfhka hq;=j" m<uq ridhksl øjHh l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|

cd;Hka;r iuq¿j ÎCCM 1& vqndhs kqjr" 2006 fmnrjdß ui meje;aúks'fuu iuq¿j tlai;a cd;Skaf.a mßir jevigyk úiska ixúOdkh lrkq,enQ w;r" Bg f,dal fi!LHh ixúOdkh we;=¿" wfkl=;a ridhksl øjHh

ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl wdh;k j, iyfhda.h ,enqKs2'

úúO l<dmj, uyck fi!LHh yd rdcH fkdjk mßir ixúOdk ICCM yd

Bg iQodkï lrk yuqùï j,g iyNd.S úh' wka;¾cd;sl jD;a;Sh iñ;sksfhdað;hska yd ridhksl øjHh" lDñkdYl jeks øjHh ksIamdokh yd

f,day ksê yd iïnkaO wdh;k j, jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdað;hskao" fuu

iuq¿j,g iyNd.s úh' fuu iuq¿j wjidkfha§" fuu ish¨ md¾Yj rdcH

ixúOdk yd wka;¾cd;sl ixúOdk yd tl;=j SAICM wkqu; lsÍug

iyfhda.h m, lrkq ,eìKs' SAICM kS;suh jYfhka ne|Sula muKla fkdjk

w;r th foaYmd,ksl lemùu ms<sn|j jHjia:dms; ,shú,a,la jk w;r"tu.ska fujeks ridhksl øjHh u.ska isÿjk fi!LHuh yd mdßißl ydks

msgqoelSu u.ska fujeks ridhksl øjHh ksmoùfï§ yd Ndú;fha§ wkq.ukh

lrk ms<sfj, Wiia lr,Sug ̂ tajd u.ska isÿjk ydksh wju lsÍug& wjOdkh

fhduqlrjhs'

ridhksl iqrlaIs;;dj ,`.dlr .ekSug we;s lemùuSAICM j,g iyfhda.h m,lsÍu ;=,ska úúO rchka yd wfkl=;a SAICMj,g iyNd.SjQ md¾Yj fujeks úI ridhk øjHhka u.ska isÿjk ydksh

2'0 ye¢kaùuridhksl øjHh l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|wka;¾cd;sl Wml%ñl msúiqu (SAICM)


10

wjulsÍug tlÕ;djh m,fldg we;' úfYaIfhka <uqka" ujqjreka" jhia.;

msßia" lïlrejka yd fïjdg jeä wjOdkula mj;sk msßi yd tjeks

;;a;ajhlg blaukska f.dÿre úhyels mßir ;;a;aj" fuu.ska oeä

wjOdkhlg ,lalr we;' fuu jevms,sfj, y÷kajd§fuka miqj ridhksl

øjHh l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| hï;dla ÿrg bÈß l%shdud¾. f.k we;snj

yeÕ=ko th m%udKj;a fkdue;snj fmkqks' ;jo ;;a;ajh tfiajqj o" f.da,Sh

jYfhka mßirh" jd;h" c,h yd N+ñh jYfhka úYd, f,i ¥IKh fjñka

mj;S' fuu ;;a;ajh f,dalh mqrd ñ,shk .Kklf.a fi!LHdrCIdj yd

ckcSú;h flfrys n,mEula we;slr we;'

ICCM j,g iyNd.s jQjka" SAICM j, wruqKq jk ridhk øjHh j, cSjkpl%h

;=, tu øjHh ksjerÈj l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|j b,lal.; wruqKq 2020

jkúg ,Õdlr.ekSu yd tjeks ridhksl øjHh ksmoùu yd Ndú;fha§

tajdhska isÿjk ydksh wjulsÍug yeljk fia l%shdj,Ska mj;ajd .ekSug

fuu Wml%ñl jevms<sfj, id¾:l lr.ekSu i|yd ;ukag we;s Wkkaÿj

yd lemùu m%ldYl, w;r" Tjqka isú,a ixúOdk yd wfkl=;a md¾Yj yd

tlaj ridhksl øjHh ms<sn|j fi!LHdrCIdj mj;ajdf.k hdu fjkqfjka

lghq;= lsÍug leue;a; m<lf,ah' ta ;=,ska ÿmam;alu ÿrelsÍu" úfYAI

wjOdkhg fhduql,hq;= md¾Yj wdrCIdlsÍu yd wjidkfha§ uyck fi!LHh

yd wdrCIdj mj;ajdf.k hdu fjkqfjka ;u wjOdkh fhduq lf,dah'

ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj, fujeks ridhksl øjHh l<ukdlrKh

lsÍug we;s wvq Odß;djh" ridhksl lDñkdYl u; r|d mj;sk ;;a;ajh"

lïlrejka fujeks øjHh j,g ks;r ksrdjrKhùï" jeks ;;a;aj ms<sn|j

ICCM jeä wjOdkhla fhduql, w;r" tjeks ;;a;aj ioyd iqÿiq l%shdud¾.

jeäÈhqKq lsÍug we;s wjYH;djh fmkajdfok ,§' ;jÿrg;a fuu.ska

f,dalfha fujeks ridhksl øjHh ksmoùu" fj<|du yd Ndú;fha§ ksis

mßÈ l<ukdlrKhla úúO ixj¾Ok ;;a;aj j, mj;sk rgj,g wjYHh

nj;a" ksis mßÈ ridhksl øjHh l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï uQ,sl m%%fõYhka tu

rgj, úúO iudcj,g w;HjYHh nj;a" fmkajd ÿks'

SAICM m%fhdackj;a Wmdx.hlsúúO rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk yd isú,a iudc ridhksl øjHh ms<sn|

fi!LHdrCIdj mj;ajdf.khdu ioyd" b;d È.=l,l mgka úúO whqßka

l%shd;aul jQfhah' fndfyda jYfhka úúO rchka iy wfkl=;a wdh;k SAICMms<s.ekSug fya;=jQfha" f.da,Sh jYfhka isú,a ixúOdk j,ska t,a,jQ mSvkh


11

fjkqfjka m%;spdrhla jYfhks' rchka w;r we;slr.kq ,nk fujeks

m%;sm;a;Ska yd m%ldYK f.da,Sh .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lsÍug iu;a fkdjk

nj meyeÈ,s lreKla jQjo" SAICM ridhksl iqrCIs;;dj ms<sn| f,dalfha

ishü rgj, isú,a ixúOdk j, W;aidyh iy lemùu Wmßu f,i Ndú;d

lsÍu i|yd fhdod.;yels jeo.;a Wmdx.hls'

igyka1 SAICM uq,dY% .%ka: /,smsf,aLK yd iïmQ¾K reiaùï jd¾;dj tlai;a

cd;shg wh;a NdId 6ka

http/www.ohew.unep.ch/saicm/SAICM/20texts/SAICM /documents.ht

2 wka;¾ rdcH wdh;k j, ksfhdað;hska ICMM j,g iyNd.sjk ksid

wdh;ksl jYfhka SAICM iïu; lsÍu i|yd Tjqkg wdh;ksl jYfhka

n,;, megù fkd;snqfka ICMM j,ska miqj Tjqka tjeks md,k wdh;k

j,ska SAICM l%shdjg kexùu ioyd ;SrKh lrkq ,eîh'

3' wka;¾ rdcH wdh;kj, ksfhdað;hka ICMM j,g iyNd.sjk ksid

wdh;ksl jYfhka SAICM j,ska miqj Tjqka tjeks md,k wdh;kj,

SAICM l%shdjg kexùu i|yd ;SrKh lrkq ,eîh'


12

jdkscuh f,i ridhk øjHh ksIamdokh yd fnodyerSu fojk f,dal hqOiuh

jk f;la b;d m%p,s; f,i fkdmej;=ks' kuq;a 1950 ka miqj ridhksl

fmdfydr j¾. yd lDñkdYl j¾. ksIamdokh b;d m%p,s;jQ w;r" th

lDIsl¾udka;fha § b;d m%uqL wjYH;djhla njg m;aúh' m<uqj ld¾ólrKh

jQ rgj,;a fojkqj f,dalfha wfkl=;a rgj,a j, o fuu lghq;a; jHdma;

úh' fï jljdkqfõ§u úúO ksIamdok l¾udka; j," úúO ;ekaj, ridhk

øjHh fhdod ;u ksIamdok lghq;= lrf.k hdu Èfkka Èk by, .sfhah'

SAICM wdrïN jQfha fujeks ridhk øjHh ksIamdokh wdrïN lsÍfuka

ishjilg muK miqjh' SAICM ms<s.ekSu ;=,ska f.da,Sh iudch úúO úI

ridhk øjHh u.ska ñksia fi!LHg yd mßirhg f.da,Sh jYfhka úYd,

ydkshla isÿúh yels nj wjfndaO lr.;af;ah' fï ksid fuu .eg¨jg

ms<s;=rla jYfhka CIKsl l%shdud¾. yd f.da,Sh jYfhka m%fõYhka wjYHh

nj fmkS .sfhah' SAICM ms<sn|j ksis wjfndaOh ,nd.ekSug fmr fï

ksid ridhksl iqrCIs;;djh mj;ajd f.k hdu fjkqfjka ork ,o

m%h;ak yd úúO rchka Bg oelajQ m%;spdr ms<sn|j idCIs úuid ne,Su

m%fhdackj;a fõ'

ã'ã'à' yd Silent Springj¾I 1960 muK jkúg úúO lD;su ridhksl øjHh ksid jk mdßißl ydks

flfuka flfuka m%uqL jkakg úh' 1962 § Rachel Cerson úiska rpkd lrk

,o Silent spring .%ka:h ;=,ska DDT we;=¨ wfkl=;a lDIs ridhksl øjHh

nyq, f,i Ndú;d jk wkaou iy tu ridhksl øjHh u.ska mCISka we;=¨

mßir moaO;s ydksù we;s wkaou ú.%y lf,ah' Cerson f.a lD;sh ;=,ska

lDIs ridhksl øjHh mßir moaO;s j,g n,mdk wkaou m%Odk f,i úia;r

l,o" tu.ska ñksidf.a fi!LHhg úfYAIfhkau ms<sld jeks frda.

iïnkaOfhka mj;sk wjOdku ms<sn|j;a tu ridhksl øjHh iïfm%AIKh

3.0 SAICM ys miqìu (úI iys; ridhk øjHj, b;sydih ydtajd md,kh lsÍug .;a W;aidyfhka ì|la


13

ùu ms<sn|j;a wjOdrKh lrk ,§' fuu .%ka:fha l;=jßh ;u lD;sh

wjidk lrk ld,h jkúg weh o mshhqre ms<sldjlg f.dÿreù we;snj

oek.kakd ,§' weh 1964 È ñh.shdh'

ridhksl øjHh ksIamdok iud.ï fuu Silent spring .%ka:h m%ldYhg m;aùu

je,elaùug úúO whqßka l%shd lf,dah' úúO kS;s" l%shdud¾. u.ska tu lD;sfha

m%ldYK iud.u ìhg m;alsÍug ;e;a lf,dah' th wid¾:l fj;au tu

lD;sfha l;Djßhg yd lD;shg ydksjk whqßka l%shdlf,dah'

kuq;a fuu lghq;= wid¾:l úh' l;Djßhf.a mKsjqvh ta jkúg iudch

;=, uq,anei .ksñka mej;s w;r" th kQ;k mdßißl hqla;s l%shdud¾. j,

wdrïNh úh' fuu isÿùï j,ska miqj f,dalfha úúO rgj,a j, fuu øjHhka

yd iïnkaOj úúO kS;s yd fr.=,dis msysgqùu fjkqfjka isú,a ixúOdk j,

mSvkh yd ueÈy;aùu l%ul%ufhka by, .sh w;r" tjeks W;aidy u.ska

f,dalfha úúO ridhk øjHh ksmoùfï yd Ndú;d lrk l%shdj,sfha úYd,

fjkialï we;slsÍug iu;aúh' Rachel Cerson f.a uQ,sl W;aidyh fujeks

l%shdldÍ;ajh u.ska ;j ;j m%p,s; jkakg fya;=jQ w;r" th oeka f.da,Sh

jYfhka m%p,s;ù we;'

PCBsRachel Cerson j wkq.ukh lrñka iaùvk cd;sl ffjoH Soren Jensenñksia reêrfha DDT uÜgu ms<sn| wOHkhla isÿlf,ah' tys§ úúO .=ma;

ridhk øjHh j¾. ;u idïm,j, úúO ueÈy;aùï isÿlrk nj fidhd.kakd

,È' miq ld,fhaÈ fuu ridhk øjHh j¾. Polychlorinated biphenyls ̂ PCBs&nj Tyq fidhd.;af;ah' fuu ridhk øjHh úoHQ;a iïfm%aIKh we;=¨ úúO

ld¾hhka j,È nyq,j Ndú;d jkakls'

Soren Jensen uy;d fï ms<sn|j úuiSfïÈ Tyqg PCBs úúO ia:dk j,

î;a;aj yd ñksia idïm,j,& yuqúh' Tyqf.a mqÿuhg fya;=jQ wfkla ldrKh

kï Tyq mÍCIdl, ishü idïm, w;=ßka wêlu PCBs idkaøKhla

fidhd.;af;a <oreúfha miqjk Tyqf.a ÈhKshf.a reêr idïm, j,ska ùuhs'

riÈh yd BhïúI iys; f,day ^riÈh iy Bhï wd§& ;ekSu ridhk øjHh jdksc f,i

ksmoùu fndfyda l,lg fmr Ndú;fha mej;sks' 1950 oYlfha§ muK


14

cmdkfha ñkdudgd fndlal wjg ëjr .ïudk j, ñkdudgd frda.h

fidhd.ekqKs' tu frda.h je,|s msßia Tjqkaf.a w;a yd mdj, oekSu" iam¾Y

ixfõokh ke;sùhdu" ksis mßÈ weú§u" Èùu isÿl, fkdyels nj" oDIaGs

ixfõokh ySkùu" Y%jKdndO" .s,Sfï yelshdj wvqùu" jeks frda. ,CIK

.ek ks;r ioyka lf,dah' fuu frda.h u.ska úYd, msßia ñh .sfhah' miqj

fuu frda.hg fya;=j u;aiHkaf.a foayj, mj;sk wêl riÈh idkaøKh

jYfhka y÷kd .ekqks' riÈh uQ,dY%h f,i we,aäyhsv ksIamdokh lrk

l¾udka;Yd,djka ^riÈh W;afm%arl f,i fhdod.kq ,nk& y÷kd .ekqks'

fuu riÈh wmøjH neyer lsÍu wjika jk f;la úúO isú,a ixúOdk jir

.kKla ;siafia úfrdaO;d oelaùh' cmdk rch ks<jYfhka ñkudgd frda.h

y÷kd.;af;a 1968 §h' j¾I 2001 jkúg 2265 la muK msßila ksYaÑ;

jYfhkao fuu frda.hg f.dÿre jQ njg ;yjqre jQ w;r" ;j;a 10000la

muK msßila jkaÈ ,ndf.k we;' úfõpk j,g wkqj ;j;a úYd, .kKla

fuu ridhk øjHh j,g f.dÿreù we;s w;r" Tjqkaj mQ¾j f,i y÷kdf.k

fkdue;s w;r" tjeks jkaÈ f.ùula fyda isÿlr fkdue;'

Bhï yd iïnkaO È.= b;sydihla mj;S' uyck fi!LHh ms<sn| m%ùKhka

ksjdij, wNHka;rfha wdf,am lrk ;Ska; iy .efid,ska i|yd tl;=

lrk øjH j, we;s Bhï u.ska <uqkag yd ld¾ñlhkag isÿjk wk;=re

ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduqlf,dah' 1921 § meje;ajq wka;¾cd;sl lïlre fiajl

iuq¿fõ§ Bg wh;a rgj,a j, fujeks Bhï iys; ;Ska; ̂ ksfjiaj, we;=,;

Ndú;djk& Ndú;h ;ykï lsÍug wjOdkh fhduql, w;r" tjeks rgj,

tjeks ;Ska; Ndú;h keje;aùug jir 6 l ld,hla ,ndÿks' ^1940 jkúg

wjika lsÍug& fuhg rchka 27 la muk tlÕ;dj m,lf,ah' kuq;a fndfyda

rgj, riÈh ksIamdok wdY%S; ;Ska; l¾udka; yd th wvx.= N+ñf;,a j¾.

Ndú;h ;u lghq;= wdrCId lr.ksñka ;j ;j;a jHdma; lrk ,§'

1970 oYlfha§ riÈh j,g ksrdjrKh ùu yd iïnkaOj kj ffjoH

f;dr;=re fy<súh' óg fmr ;snQ ishü f;dr;=re yd jd¾;d riÈh wê

idkaøK j,g ksrdjrKhùï yd tu.ska we;sjk frda. ,CIK .ek muKla

úh' Herbert Needleman hk weußldkq <ud frda. úfYAI{fhla b;d iq¨

idkaøKhlska hq;a riÈh ksrdjrKh ùula mjd <uqkag b;d úYd, n,mEï

we;slrk nj fmkajd ÿks' tu.ska <orejkaf.a is;Sfï Yla;sh wvqjk w;r

wjOdkh yd NdId l=i,;djh ,nd.eksu mudùu jeks .eg¨ rdYshla we;sjk

nj Tyq úiska fidhd.kakd ,§'


15

m%:u mrïmrdfõ ridhksl øjHh l<uKdlrk kS;sÍ;SkaRachel Cerson, Soren Jensen, Herbert Needleman iy wfkl=;a m¾fhaIlhska

.kKdjla lrk ,o ióCIK j,ska úúO úI ridhksl øjHh j,gksrdjrKhùu ksid ñksid we;=¨ mßir moaO;s j,g isÿúh yels ydkshms<sn|j uyck;djf.a oekqu by, .sfhah' fuu uyck oekqu iu. f,dalfhaúúO rgj,a j, rchka úúO lDIs ridhk øjHh" ydkslr ridhk øjHh ydwfkl=;a úúOdldr ridhk øjHh md,kh lsÍug t,a,jk mSvkh by,.sfhah' fuu ;;a;ajhg ms<s;=rla f,i mdßißl kS;sh msysgqùu wdrïN úh'fndfyda rgj, m%:u jrg mßir wud;HdxY yd mßir iqrelSfï wdh;kfï ksid újD;úh' 1972 È tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh úiska m%:u jrgwka;¾cd;sl mdßißl iuq¿j iaùvkfha iaafgdlafydaï kqjr § wdrïN l,w;r" tys§ úfYaIs; tlai;a cd;Skaf.a mdßißl jevigyk wdrïN lf,ah'

fndfyda ld¾ólrKh jq rgj,a DDT yd PCBs È.ska È.gu ksIamdokh ydNdú;h je,elaùug kS;sÍ;Ska yd fr.=,dis y÷kajd fok ,§' ;j;a fndfydargj, Bhï iys; ;Ska; j¾. ^ksfjia ;=, Ndú;d jk& yd Bhï wka;¾.;,sysis f;,a j¾. ^N+ñf;,a j¾.& Ndú;h ;ykï lrk ,§' óg wu;rjfndfyda rgj,a úúO lDIs ridhk øjHh yd iïnkaO kS;s fr.=,dis we;sl,w;r úúO úI ridhk øjHh" c, ¥Il jdhq" ¥Il j¾. md,kh we;=¨wmøjHh l<ukdlrKh i|yd úúO úêúOdk .kakd ,§' tfy;a fndfydaúgÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk rgj, l%shdldÍ;ajh ^fï yd iïnkaOj& b;d uo njfmkqks'

m,uq mrïmrdfõ mdßißl fr.=,dis yd md,k l%u m%udKj;a fkdjq w;r"tajdfha n,.ekaùu yd yelshdjka u| nj fmkqKs' tfia md,kh l,owd¾:sluh iy foaYmd,ksl n,h iys; l¾udka; fuu fr.=,dis j,skaksoyiaj lghq;= lsÍug iu;a úh' fï ksid fndfyda isú,a ixúOk fuu;;a;ajh .ek ;u lK.dgqj m,l< w;r Tjqka kj kS;srS;Ska fjkqfjkal, W;aidyhka ksr¾:l úh' 1980 § úúO rgj, iudc ixúOdk rdYshlatlaj ;u m%foaY j, mßir ¥Il ia:dk j,g tfrysj Woaf>daIKh l,w;r" lïlre iñ;Ska úúO md¾Yj fjkqfjka ^lïlrejka" f.dùka& ;urelshd ia:dk j,§ úúO øjHh u.ska isÿúh yels ydksh ms<sn| úúO l%shdud¾.yd tu wdh;k yd rchka fj; ksrka;r mSvk t,a,lrk ,§' f,dalfhaúúO mßir ixúOdk fï jkúg ls|d nisñka mj;sk w;r tajdfhal%shdldÍ;ajh jeäfjñka mj;S' fï ksid fuu ld,fha§ fujeks úI ridhkøjHh fnfyúka jeo.;a lreKla nj;a" tajd ms<sn| kS;sÍ;s n,.ekaùu yd

l%shdjg kexùu wjYHh nj;a fnfyda fokdg meyeÈ,s úh'


16

wjOdkh by,hdu1984 § bkaÈhdfõ fndamd,a kqjr ridhksl øjHh lïy,lska fgdka 40 lg

wêl fu;s,a whsfidihfkaÜ úIjdhqj mßirhg uqla;ùu ksid 3000lg wdikak

ñksia cSú; wysñjq w;r" ;j;a 20000 la muK È.=ld,Sk wdndO j,g f.dÿre

úh' fuu isÿùu f,dalfha ridhksl lïy,a wdY%S; wk;=re isÿùï j,ska b;d

m%uqL isoaêhla njg m;aúh' óg wu;rj b;d,sfha Seveso tlai;a ckmofha

Lovccenol jeks m%foaYj,ska fujeks isoaê jd¾;dúh' fuu ;;a;ajh ksid

l=re¨" u;aiH yd úúO jkcSù úfYAI j¾. fndfyda Tjqkaf.a u|ireNdjh

ksid mßirfhka ;=rka fjñka mej;sks' Bg wu;rj iakdhq moaO;sj, fodaI"

p¾hd fodaI" ms<sld yd wfkl=;a ÿn,;d m%uqL úh' fujeks ridhk øjHh

iuyrla wmjyk k,j, isg iDcqju c,dYj,g fyda lDIsld¾ñl ìïj,

isg jl%dldrj k.rj, uydud¾. wdY%s; m%foaYj,g jHdma; jqks' kuq;a

ióCIKhkag wkqj fuu ¥Il j¾. úYd, m%udKhla úYd, c,dYj,g jdhq

u.skao ;odikak m%Nj u.ska o óg wu;rj ÿria m%foaY j, isg o ñY%jQ nj

lshd isáfhah'

óg wu;r ióCIK jd¾;d j,g wkqj fujeks mßir moaO;s wdY%S;j fjfik

ck;dj óg iudk fi!LHh ÿ¾j,;djkag f.dÿre jQy' úfYaIfhkau tjeks

c,dYj, u;aiHhka wkqNj lrk msßi jeä wjOdkulg f.dÿrejQjka jQfjdah'wOHkj,g wkqj W;=re wefußldfõ Great Lake ys uiqka mdßfNdackh l,

ujqjrekaf.a <orejkag fujeks ¥Il iïfm%aIKh ùfï jeä wjOdkula mj;sk

njg fy<s úh' fuu.ska <uqkaf.a nqoaêuÜgu" bf.kqï yelshdjg yd p¾hd

rgdfõ ÿ¾j,;d we;sjk nj fidhd.ekqKs'

úúO ksIamdok j, we;s úI ridhk øjHhúúO ridhk øjHh ksid isÿjk wk;=re l¾udka; u.ska we;súh yels ¥Il

;;a;ajh¦ úI iys; lDñkdYl iy jHdma;jQ úúO mdßißl ridhksl ¥Il

;;a;aj iïnkaOfhka jQ f.da,Sh wjOdkhg wu;rj úúO .DydY%s;j Ndú;d

jk ksIamdok j, mj;sk úI ridhk øjHh ksid we;sjk wjOdku ms<sn|j

o ;jÿrg;a f,dal wjOdkh fhduqúh' uE; ld,fha§ úoHd{hka yd isú,a

ixúOdk l%shdldÍlhka f.a jeä wjOdkhla lD;su ldnksl øjHhka ̂ .DydY%S;

fj<| NdKAv j,& fhduqù we;'

fuys§ isú,a iudc yd l%shdldÍ;ajhkaf.a jeä wjOdkhla fhduqjQfha úúOlD;Su nyqwjhúl j¾. ^ma,diaála j¾.& yd úúO rEmd,xldr ridhk

øjHh j, wvx.=j mj;sk úI ridhksl øjHhka j,gh' óg wu;rj ma,diaála


17

l¾udka;fha§ ̂ WKqiqï jdhqOdrd mj;ajd .ekSug WmldÍjk& ífrdaóka wvx.=

ridhk øjHh Bisphenol A-^fmd,s ldfndfkaÜ ma,diaála j¾. ksIamdokfha§&jeks øjHh j,go Tjqkaf.a wjOdkh fhduqúh' ridhksl l¾udka;lrejkafujeks .eg¨ldÍ ridhksl øjHh yd iïnkaO oE u.yerSug yd Tjqkaf.alghq;= wdrCId lr.ekSug W;aidy l,o" isú,a ixúOdk iy iïnkaOjHdmdr u.ska we;eï rcfha fr.=,dis yd kS;srduq wdrCId lr.ekSug iu;ajQy';;a;ajh tfiajqjo fujeks wdrCIdlr.;a fr.=,dis yd kS;srduq oekg mj;sk.eg¨ yuqfõ m%udKj;a fkdjk nj meyeÈ,sh'

ndi,a iuq¿jridhksl iqrCIs;;djh hk ixl,amh foaYSh jYfhka ie,ls,a,g NdckhjQfha 1990 ka miqjh' fuhska miqj ld¾ólrKh jQ rgj, wka;rdhldÍwmøjHh neyer lsÍfï yd wfkl=;a wmøjHh md,kh lsÍu^yd ta wdY%S;nÿmekùï& hk wxY iïnkaOj foaYSh jYfhka fr.=,dis msysgqùug turgj,a bÈßm;a úh' fuu ;;a;ajh úúO ridhksl øjHh ksIamdok lïy,aj,g kj ksIamdokfha§ mßirh fj; neyerlrk wmøjH iïnkaOj jeäj.lSula mejrekq w;r" fï ksid wmøjH neyerlsÍu fnfyúka my< .sfhah'tfia jqj;a we;eï l¾udka; lrejka fuu kS;s mfil,d ;jÿrg;a wmøjHneyer lsÍu isÿlf,dah' túg úúO rdcH wdh;k fuu l%shdj,g tfrysjlghq;= lsÍug wdrïN lf,dah' túg tu l¾udka; lrefjda wfkl=;a ñ, wvqWml%uYS,S wmøjH neyerlsÍfï l%u fidhd.kakg jQ w;r túg Tjqkgfiajd iemhSug úúO md¾Yj bÈßm;aúh' ñka m%uqL jkqfha fujeks wmøjHld¾ñl rgj, isg ÈhqKqfjñka mj;sk rgj,a yd BidkÈ. hqfrdamd rgj,aolajd m%jdyKh lsÍuhs' miqj tu øjH ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.a wkqoekqfukaf;drj ryis.; f,i mßirhg uqodyeßfhdah'

úúO rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk fuu lghq;= j,g tfrysj lghq;= lsÍu ñkawdrïN úh' Tjqka wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka fuu l%shdj,shg tfrysj igkal,w;r" foaYiSud yryd wmøjH m%jdyKh je,elaùug we;s wjYH;djhfjkqfjka fmkS isáhy' fuys m%;sm,h f,i 1992 È ndi,a iuq¿j^wka;rdhldÍ wmøjHh foaYiSud yryd m%jdykh iy neyer lsÍu je,elaùui|yd& msysgqjk ,È'

ßfhda iuq¿j yd IFCSj¾I 1992 kHdh m;%h 21 hgf;a ßfhda f,dal iuq¿fõ§ úI ridhksl øjH

ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduqlrk ,§' kHdh m;%h 21 hgf;a we;s 19 jk mßÑfcaoh"


18

zzúI ridhksl øjH ms<sn|j hymd,khZZ kñka kïfldg we;' fuu.ska

ridhk øjH ^úI iys;& ñksia fi!LHhg n,mEï we;sl, yels uQ,dY%hkaf,i y÷kajd we;' ;jo tu øjH u.ska cdkj, jHqyh" m%ckl moaO;s j,gwe;sjk n,mEï yd mßirhg we;sjk n,mEï .ek i|yka lrhs' 19 jkmßÉfþoh u.ska ;jÿrg;a f,dalfha ÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk rgj," ridhksløjH l,ukdlrKh iïnkaOfhka we;s úfYaI wjYH;d" .eg¿ iïnkaOjwjOdkh fhduqlrk w;r fndfyda rgj, fujeks øjH l,ukdlrKh lsÍugcd;sl jYfhka jev ms,sfj,la fkdue;snj fmkajd fohs' ;jo fndfydargj, fujeks øjH ms<sn| úoHd;aul o;a; reialsÍu" tajd u.ska mßirhgisÿjk ydksh ;lafiare lsÍu jeksoE i|yd úoHd;aul oekqu m%udKj;afkdue;s nj fmkajd fohs'

19 jk mßÉfþoh u.ska úúO (WHO)" (ILO) jeks rdcH ixúOdk j,gtlai;a cd;Skaf.a mdßißl jevigyfkys wvx.= ridhksl iqrCIs;;djms<sn|j jQ ixjdohg werhqï lrkq ,nhs' fuu ixjdoh 1994 § msysgjQ w;rth ridhksl iqrCIs;;dj ms<sn| wka;¾rdcH ixjdoh IFCS msysgqùugfya;=mdol jQ idOlhla úh' fuu ixjdohg m<uqj b;d my< m%;smdokfjkalsÍula isÿjQ w;r tys n,;,o iSudiys; úh' kuq;a tu.ska wkfmaCIs;m%.;shla fmkakqï lrk ,§' ;jo th ÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk rgj," úúOmßir yd fi!LHh ixúOdk j, ridhksl øjH l,ukdlrK jevigykawdrïN lsÍu ms<sn| uQ,sl j.lSula we;slr.ekSfï,d bjy,a úh'

ÎFCS& iïmQ¾K lsÍu ;=,ska wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka wfkHdakH wjfndaO;djlaúúO md¾Yj yd fldgialrejka w;r wka;¾cd;sl m%;sm;a;Ska msysgqùfïl%shdj,sh fjkqfjka we;sjQ w;r th ridhksl øjH iqrCIs;;dj iïnkaOfhkawjOdkh fhduqlrkakla úh' ridhksl øjH iqrCIs;;dj ms<sn| m%;sm;a;siïmdokfha§" rdcH yd l¾udka; lafIa;%fha ksfhdað;hkg wu;rjfi!LHh"mdßißl yd úúO rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk j, ksfhdað;hkag tai|yd mQ¾K f,i ;u odhl;ajh iemhsh yels jk whqßka m%;sm;a;siïmdokh fuu ixjdoh u.ska weröu b;djeo.;a ldrKhls' j¾I 1996 ÈIFCS, UNEP ys md,k ljqkai,fha ks¾foaY ^È.=l,a mj;sk ldnksl¥Il -POP- j,ska uyck fi!LHh yd mßirh wdrCId lsÍu ms<sn|& f;dard.kakd ,È'

iafgdlafydaï yd frdg¾vEï iïuq;SkaÈ.=l,a mj;sk ldnksl ¥Il -POPs- mßirh ;=, talrdYSjk úI iys;

ridhksl øjH j¾.hls' fïjd u;aiHhka" f.dúm, j, we;slrKq ,nk


19

i;a;aj m%fNao yd úúO jkcSù foay ;=, talrdYS jk" mßirh ;=, jHdma;jkyd úúO fi!LHh .eg¿ we;slsÍfï ,d iu;a øjHhls' POPs j,g b;dmyiqfjka c,h" iq,xOdrd" jeks idOl u.ska úYd, ÿrla jHdma; úhyelsksid úúO rgj, rchkag ;ksj fuu øjH u.ska ;u ck;dj yd mßirmoaO;s wdrCIdlsÍu isÿl, fkdyel' POPs md,kh lsÍfuys,d l%shdldÍtlu úl,amh f,i f.da,Sh iïuq;shla wjYHh nj meyeÈ,s jqKs' POPsiïnkaOj f.da,Sh m%;sm;a;shla ms<sn|j tl.;djhla iïnkaOj idlÑcd1998 § m%:u jrg wdrïNjQ w;r 2001 § POPs iïnkaOjQ iafgdlafydaïiïuq;sh y÷kajd fok ,§' fuu iïuq;sh u.ska wdrïNfha§ POPs j¾. 12la ,ehsia;=.; lrk ,o w;r DDT yd PCB j¾. we;=¿ wfkl=;a POPsj¾. 10la ;=rkalsÍu ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduqlrk ,§' óg wu;rj tu.skawfkl=;a úI ridhk øjH îudk ,CIK iys;& md,kh yd ;=rkalsÍums<sn| wjOdkh fhduqlrk ,§' óg fmr f.da,Sh jYfhka ridhksl øjHmd,kh i|yd m%;sm;a;s rduqjla msysgqjd ;snQ w;r th m%:u jrg l%shdjgkxjQfha j¾I 1990 § muKh' fuu iïuq;sh u.ska wju jYfhka l<dmhkafoll ;ykï lrk,o$fnfyúka iSudlr we;s ridhk øjH ms<sn|kdudj,shla ilikq ,nhs' fuu ,ehsia;=fõ we;=,;a ridhksl øjHhka"md¾YjldÍ rgl jQ l¾udka;lrefjl= úiska ÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk rglafj; wmyrKh lrhskï" tu rchka fj; uQ,sl oekqj;a lsÍu iys;jisÿl,hq;= w;r tu.ska tu øjH keõ.;lsÍu m%;sfCIam lsÍug bv i,idwe;'j¾Y 2004 § iafgdlafydaï yd frdg¾vEï iïuq;Ska n,.ekaùuwdrïNjqKs'

FAO Code of conductwdydr yd lDIsl¾uh ms<sn| tlai;acd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha ̂ FAO& lDIsridhkøjH j, Ndú;h yd me;sÍu ms<sn| International Code of Conduct ys m<jkbÈßm;a lsÍu 1985 § msysgjkq ,eîh' miqj th ie,lsh hq;= f,i kej;ixfYdaOkh l, w;r tu.ska m%Odk ÿ¾j, ia:dk yd úp,kh jkwka;¾cd;sl m%;sm;a;s rduqj,g .e,fmk f,i ^úfYaIfhkau frdgvEïiïuq;shg .e,fmk fia& ixfYdaOk isÿlrk ,§'

FAO Code of conduct u.ska lDIsridhksl øjH Ndú;h yd jHdma;ùuiïnkaOj wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka ;;a;aj msysgqùu isÿjQ w;r th úfYAIfhkacd;l yd cd;Hka;r m%;sm;a;Ska m%udKj;a fkdjk wjia:d j,§ fnfyúkajeo.;a fõ' tu.ska ñksid we;=¿ mßirhg wju ydkshla jk mßÈlDIsridhksl øjH Ndú;h Èß.kajk ,§' Pesticide Action NetworkixfYdaOk yd tajd iqÿiq mßÈ ilial, w;r tajd il%Shj l%shdjg kexùug

odhl;ajh imhhs'


20

Global Harmonized Systemf.da,Sh ifudaOdk moaO;shj¾I 2002 § wka;¾cd;sl m%cdj( ridhksl øjH j¾.SlrKh yd kdulrKh

ms<sn| GHS yÿkajdÿks' fuu moaO;sh u.ska wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka ms<s.kq

,enQ iïu;hka ̂ ridhksl øjH j¾.SlrKh yd kdulrKh ms<sn|& msysgjkq

,eîh' ixfla; igyka" WmøjldÍ oekaùï" m%fõYïùï ms<sn| igyka"yd

øjH yªkd .ekSu yd iemhqïlrejka ms<sn| úia;r oekaùu wjYH;djhla

f,i weröu fuu.ska isÿúh' ;jo u.ska f,dalfha iEu rglu ridhksl

øjH tlu whqßka ye|skaùu yd tajd ms<sn| igykalsÍu wdrïN flreKs'

GHS ys wruqK jQfha fN!;sl yd ridhksl f,i WmøjldÍ ridhk øjH

ms<sn| f;dr;=re" tajd Ndú;dlrk m%jdyKh lrk yd md,kh lrk msßia

fj; oek.ekSgu ie,eiaùuhs' th ÈhqKqfjñka mj;sk rgj,g úfYAIfhka

ridhk øjH l,ukdlrKh yd iqrCIs; Ndú;h ms<sn|j ;u rgj,g wkkHjQ

jevms,sfj,la f.dvkexùug iyh ,ndÿKs' jD;a;Sh iñ;s fï yd iïnkaOj

b;d iqúfYAIS ld¾HhNdrhla isÿlf,dah' Tjqkag wu;rj rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk

yd wka;¾ rdcH ixúOdk o fuh l%shdjg kexùug oeäj lghq;= lrhs'

ridhk øjH iïnkaO cd;Hka;r iïuq;s iy SAICM i|ydie,iqï l, jevigykaIFCS" FAO fÄ;h" GHS iy wfkl=;a ridhk iqrCIs;;d jevigykao

we;=,;aj ndi,a" frdg¾vEï iy iafgdlafydaï iïuq;s¦ rchka yd rdcH

fkdjk ixúOdk i|yd úfYaIs; ridhk iqrCIs;;d wruqKq ,Õdlr .eksug

jeo.;a wjia:djla imhd we;' iEu tllgu iSñ; iSudjka we;s w;r" ta

ish,a,u tlg .;al, ridhksl iqrCIs;;d wruqKq j, ish¨ mrdihka

i,ld ne,Sula isÿ fkdlrhs' fuh" tlsfklg .e,fmk yd iïmQ¾K f.da,Sh

ridhk iqrCIs;;d jevigyka wjYH ms<s.ekSulg fhduqlrjk w;r" th

SAICM ys m%.;sh yd ms<s.ekSu ie,iqï lrhs'

cd;Hka;r rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk cd,j, j¾Okhwe;eï rgj, ridhksl iqrCIs;;d lreKq iïnkaO úfYaI{hka 1970 yd

1980 uq,ald,fha§ biau;= úh' Pesticide Action Network ̂ PAN& fï jljdkqfõ

we;sjQjls' 1990 muK ld,fha §" ridhk øjH ms<sn| iïuq;s ;=k iy ;j;a

cd;Hka;r uq,msÍï j, idlÑcd iy ms,s.ekSï j,g m%;spdrhla f,i"fndfyda

ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj," ridhksl iqrCIs;;dj jeo.;anj iy


21

ms,s.ekSu o jeäúh' Greenpeace jeks cd;Hka;r mßir ixúOdk" wmøjH

fj<|du yd POP ms,sn|¦ ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj, fndfyda il%Sh

jHdmdr Èh;a lf,ah' fï u.ska we;sjQ wka;¾cd;sl idlÑcd wjidkfha

ndi,a yd iafgdlafydaï iïuq;s olajd jHdma; úh' fufia lsÍu u.ska fndfyda

rgj, fi!LHh yd mßirh iïnkaOj l%shdlrk rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk

W;af;ackh yd oekqj;alsÍï" kj f.da,Sh cd,hla ̂ iïnkaO;djla& we;súh'

Health Care Without Harm (HCWH); the International POPs EliminationNetwork (IPEN); the international the Global Alliance for IncineratorAlternatives (GAIA); the Basel Action Network (BAN) iy wfkl=;a tajd

fufia we;súh' PAN iu. tl;=j" fuu cd,hka ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk

rgj, ridhksl iqrCIs;;d wruqKq iïnkaOj" oekqu iy úfYaI{ {dkh

jHdma; lsÍugo isú,a iudc l%shdldÍka Èßu;a lsÍugo Woõlrhs' fuu

l%shdldÍùu j¾Okhù jHdma;jQ w;r" fuu rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk cd,h"

Yla;su;a yd n,iïmkak úh'

OSPAR fldñiuridhksl øjHh iïnkaO lreKq j, f.da,Sh iïuq;s j, idlÑcd lrk

w;r;=r iy ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj, ridhksl iqrIs;;dj ms<sn|j

isú,a iudc jHdmdr u;=j toa§" oeäf,i ld¾ñl tla l<dmhl jeo.;a

ixj¾Okhla isÿfjñka mej;=ks' ngysr hqfrdamfha tu l<dmfha rdcH fkdjk

ixúOdk tu ¥Il u.ska W;=re uqyqo yd fnda,aála uqyqo wrCIdlsÍu iy

l<dmSh rdcH m%;sm;a;s j,g n,mEï lrñka ixúOdkh úh' 1998 §

w;a,dka;sla id.rh udhsï jq hqfrdamSh rgj, mßir wud;Hjre OSPARfldñiu iïnkaOj BidkÈ. w;a,dka;sla ys iuqø mßir wdrCIdlÍu yd

sintra m%ldYhg tl`. ùug mD;=.d,fhaÈ yuqúh' úI iys; ydhkh fkdjk

yd fYaI tlareiaùug bv we;s øjHh u.ska iuqø mßirh ¥IKh ùu je,elaùu

msKsi idlÑcd lrk ,oaola fuu m%ldYhg wh;a úh'

mßirfha we;s WmøjldÍ øjHh j, idkaøKh iajNdúlj mj;sk øjHh

i|yd w.hg iudk úhhq;= nj iy ñksid úiska ksIamdokh lrk lD;su

øjHh i|yd th ìxÿjg iudk úh hq;= nj wud;Hhjre wruqKla f,i

;SrKh l,y' ish¨ uqodyerSï úfudapkhka wjika lsÍug iy WmøjldÍ

øjHh ke;slsÍug b,lal jir f,i 2020 msysgqjd .;ay' sintra m%ldYhg

tl.ùfuka ÿrg úysÿkq jeo.;alula ,efí' tys j¾I 2020 § wruqKq lrk

,o Èkh miqj sintra ridhk l<ukdlrKhla cd;Hka;rj ,Õdlr .;ay'SAICM 2020 b,lal Èkh f,i fmkajd fohs' jvd jeo.;a f,i hqfrdamh


22

;=, jeo.;a ridhksl m%;sm;a;s ms<sn| hqfrdamSh ix.ufhys Okd;aul

m%;sixialrK uqÿka muqKqjd .;a m%;sm;a;s idlÑcdjla wdrïN úh'

ridhksl øjHh j, ,shdmÈxÑh" n,h mejÍu yd iSudjka2001§ hqfrdamSh fldñiu hqfrdamSh iyfhda.S;djh iu. wkd.; ridhksl

m%;sm;a;s ms<sn| Wml%u kñka idlÑcdjla wdrïN lf,ah' fuh rdcH iy

md¾Yjlrejka w;r mq¿,a újdohla jq w;r" tys m%;s:,hla f,i 1970È

ms<s.kakd ,o m<jk mrïmrdfõ ridhksl md,k kS;s i|yd kj m%;sm;a;s

wdfoaY lsÍug fhdackd úh' miq.sh m%;sm;a;s j, ÿ¾j,;d yd miqnEï j,ska

mdvï bf.k .ksñka fuu m%;sm,odhs yd ld¾HCIu md,khla ia:dms; lsÍu

hqfrdamSh fldñiu fhdackd lf,ah' w¨f;ka fhdackd lrk ,o m%;sm;a;sh"

REACH ̂ Registration Evaluation Authorization &Restriction of Chemicals&f,i kïlrk ,§' hqfrdamfha rdcH fkdjk fi!LHh yd mdßißl ixúOdk

wfkla rgj, fï yd iïnkaOj lghq;= lrkakkaf.ao Woõfjka REACHms<s.ekSu ioyd lghq;= l,y' REACH mdßißlj yd idOdrKj 2006 §

ms<s.;a w;r 2007 È l%shdldÍùu werUqKs' fndfyda uyck fi!LHh yd

mdßißl rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk REACH ^wfkla rgj,o ta yd iudk

m%;sixialrK j,g n,mEï l,yel& i|yka yd uQ,sl m%;sm;a;s

m%;sixialrKhla f,i woyia lf,ah' ridhk md,k m%;sm;a;s ioyd jk

wdlD;shla REACH msysgjq w;r" 1980 .kKaj, wdrïNlr wid¾:ljQ merKs

ridhk md,k m%;m;a;s ksjerÈ l, w;r tu.ska ridhk j,g ksrdjrKh

ùu u.ska wkd.;fha úhyels ydks wvqlrhs'

lefkaähdkq mßir wdrCIK mk;ridhk j, ms<sn| fhdackd m%;sixúOdkh lsÍu iuyr wfkla rgj,ao

wdrïN l,y' 1999 Ès lefkaähdkq mßir wdrCIK mk; È.=l,a mj;sk

fyda ffcjhg tl;=jk iy wdfõksl úIodhs øjHh yd ukqIH ksrdjrKhg

jvd;a ,laúh yels øjHh y÷kd.eksug iy j¾.lsÍug ne£ isáhs' fuu

l%shdj,sh u.ska ;jÿrg;a l%shdlsÍug wjYH øjHh 4300 la iy lefkaähdkq

ridhksl øjHh l<ukdlrK ie,eiau 1970 j¾I j, fndfyda rgj, ;yjqre

l, m,uq mrïmrdfõ ridhk md,k m%;sm;a;s h,a mek.sh iy wid¾:l

tajd nj rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iy fndfyda wh úiska y÷kd .ekSu tla

m%Odk n,.ekaùfï idOlhls'


23

Wml%ñl msúiquridhk l<ukdlrKh kj cd;Hdka;rj ms<s.;a Wml%ñl kñka msysgqjd

.ekSu kef.kysr hqfrdamh iy wka;eka j, w;aoelSï u.ska f.dvkef.k

m%;sm;a;s j, wdlD;shla msysgqjd .ekSug m%fhdackj;a úh yel' rdcH ks<Odßka

yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska f.da,Shj tlÕjQ hym;aa ridhk l<ukdlrK

m%;sm;a;s iy Wml%u msysgqjd .ekSu Tjqkaf.a rgj, ridhk iqrCIs;;dj

i|yd jk wruqKq ÈhqKq lsÍug fndfyda m%fhdackj;a jk nj y÷kd .ekSu

;j;a n,.ekaùfï idOlhls' 2002 § Ñria:dhs ixj¾Okh i|yd jk f,dal

iuq¿j fcdyekak¾ia n¾.a j,È yuqjQ w;r tysÈ rdcHj, by, ksfhdað;hska

NSSD l%shdfõ fhoùfï ie,eiau ms<s.;ay' ridhk øjHh j, hym;a

l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| fldgila fuu ie,eiaug we;=,;a l, w;r th

SAICM we;slsÍu i|yd rchka j,g úfYaIs;j le|jkq ,nhs' IFCS u.ska

msysgqjk ,o ks.uk yd m%uqL;d u; SAICM f.dvke.sh hq;= nj WSSDi|yka lr we;' tys my; f.da,Sh wruqKq uqÿka muqkqjd .ekSug msysgqjd

we;' ridhk øjHh mdúÉÑl, hq;af;a iy ksIamdokh l, hq;af;a udkj

fi!LHhg yd mßirhg jk lemSfmfkk wys;lr n,mEï wju jk f,i

nj 2020 È ,.dlr .eksug;a WSSD ys fuu b,a,sug m%;spdr f,i

tlai;acd;Skaf.a mßir jevigyk wfkl=;a wka;¾ rdcH ixúOdk iu.

tlaj SAICM ilia lsÍu ioyd wka;¾ rdcH reiaùï .kkdjla ixúOdkh

lf,ah' rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk j,g wdrdOkh l, w;r il%Shj odhlùug

Èßu;a lf,ah ' SAICM ms< s.ekSu i|yd rdcH ksfhd að;hska yd

md¾Yjlrejkaf.a cd;Hka;r iïuka;%Kh 2006 fmnrjdß ui vqndhs ys

mej;ajqKs' fï ksid SAICM ys úIhh m:h b;d mq¿,a jk w;r tu.ska

ish¨ mßir ;;a;aj" wd¾Ól" iudchSh" fi!LHdrCIl yd lïlre hk

ish¿ wxYj, ridhksl iqrCIs;;dj l,ld n,kq ,nhs'


24

SAICM j, wruqKqSAICM j, iuia: wruqKq jqfha úúO ridhksl øjHh tajdfha cSú; ld,h

;=,È hymd,kh lsÍuhs' tu.ska j¾I 2020 jkúg f,dalfha úúO ridhksl

øjHh ksIamdokh" Ndú;h yd l<ukdlrKh tu øjHh u.ska mßirhg

iy ñksidg wju ydkshla jk whqßka ie,iqï lrkq ,nhs' fuu wruqKq

id¾:l lr.ekSfï ,d SAICM ys Wm wruqKq 5la wvx.=j mj;S'

1& wjOdku wju lsÍu'

2& oekqu yd f;dr;=re'

3& md,kh'

4& ;dCIKsl iyfhda.S;dj yd YlH;d j¾Okh'

5& wka;¾cd;sl kS;suh ndOl mekùu'

SAICM wjOdkï wvqlsÍfï wruqKqSAICM ys uQ,sl wruqK jQfha ñksia fi!LHh yd mßirh úúO ridhksl

øjHh j,g ksrdjrKh úu ksid we;sjk wjOdku wvqlsÍuhs' SAICM ys

fuu wjOdku wvqlsÍfï b,lalhg my; i|yka whqßka imqrd,hs'

• iudch úúO ydksodhs ridhksl øjHh ms<sn| ;SrK .kakd úg ñksiqka

yd mßir moaO;s .ek i,ldne,Su w;HjYHh jk w;r tu øjHh

u.ska jeä wjOdkulg ,laúh yels md¾Yj ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduqlsÍu

w;HjYH fõ'

• wjOdkï l<ukdlrKh ^Risk management& Wml%u l%shdjg kexùfïÈ

tjeks jevigyka úksúONdjfhka hq;=j il%Shj ksis úoHd;aul mokula

yd uyck fi!LHh .ek ie,ls,a,g .ksñka úúO iudc yd wd¾:sluh

;lafiarelsÍula hgf;a mdßißl n,mEï ie,ls,a,g .;hq;= fõ' fuu

Wml%u ¥IKh wjulsÍu" wjOdku wvqlsÍu" wjOdku ke;slsÍu" hk

lreKq iïnkaOfhka ;u b,lal imqrd.ekSu fjkqfjka fmkS isáhs'

4.0 SAICM hkq l=ula o@iúia;rd;aul úia;rh


25

• jir 2020 jkúg fujeks wjOdkula mj;sk ridhksl øjHh ;jÿrg;a

ksIamdokh fkdùug j.n,d .;hq;=h' tjeks ridhksl øjHh ;jÿrg;a

Ndú;d fkdjk njg o j.n,d .;hq;= fõ'

• úúO ridhksl øjHh j, m%uqL;djh úúO idOl u; rod mj;sk w;r

^tajdfha wjOdku md,kh lsÍug we;s wmyiqj u;& tajdkï mßirh

;=, È.=l,a meje;au" ms<sldldrl ridhksl øjHh" úlD;sldrl øjHh"

iakdhq moaO;shg n,mEï we;slsÍu" ixfõok moaO;shg n,mEï we;slsÍu

yd m%ckl moaO;shg we;slrk n,mEu hk jk È;=l,a mj;sk ldnksl

¥Il j¾. ^POPs& riÈh yd wfkl=;a f.da,Sh jYfhka jeo.;ajk

ridhksl øjHh" wêl jYfhka ksmojk yd Ndú;jk ridhksl øjHh"

nyq,j Ndú;djk ridhksl øjHh" cd;sl jYfhka Ndú;d jk ridhksl

øjHh" wdÈh

• wjOdku wvqlsÍfï l%shdj,sh i|yd fmr iQodkïùu wjYHjk w;r

m%uqL;d fhÿï j,È ¥IKh keje;aùu wjYHh fõ'

• óg wu;rj mßir ys;ldó úl,am ksIamdokh" fnodyerSu yd ckm%sh

lrùu wjYHh fõ' fïjd ioyd msú;=re ksIamdok" úl,am wdfoaYl

^úúO ridhksl øjHh j,g&fyda ridhksl fkdjk úl,am wdfoaYl'

SAICM ms<sn|j we;s oekqj;aNdjh ydf;dr;=re iïnkaOjQ uQ,sl wruqKq• úúO ridhksl øjHh ms<sn|j we;s oekqu yd tu ridhksl øjHh

l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| we;s oekqu wdÈh úúO ridhksl øjHh

;lafiarelsÍu yd l<ukdlrKh ^tu ridhksl øjHh j, cSjk ld,h

;=,§& ioyd m%udKj;a f,i jeo.;a fõ'

• ridhksl øjHh ms<sn|j f;dr;=re ish¿ md¾Yj fj; oek.ekSug

ie,eiaúh hq;= w;r tajd ish¿ NdIdj,ska md¾Yj fj; ,eìh hq;=h'tys§ tu øjHh j, wdrïNh Ndú;h yd wjidkfha w;ajk brKu hk

cSjk pl%fha ish¿u f;dr;=re oelaúh hq;=h' ridhksl øjHh j,

f;dr;=re myiqfjka oek .ekSug yelsúh hq;=jk w;r tajd oek.ekSu

myiqúh hq;=h' ;jo tajd u.ska ñksia fi!LHhg yd mßirhg jk n,mEu

Ndú;d l,yels ud¾. wdrCIK ms<sfj;a yd fr.=,dis hk úIhhka

iïnkaOj wjOdkh fhduql, hq;=h'


26

• cd;sl kS;srS;s moaO;Ska yd fr.=,dis ieliSfï§ we;eï jdkscuh yd

l¾udka; ioyd wdrCIdlsÍu isÿl, hq;=h' úúO md¾Yjhka fj;

f;dr;=re ksrdjrKh lsÍfï§ ñksia fi!LHhg yd mßirhg jk ydks

ms<sn| f;dr;=re jika fkdl, hq;=h'

• úúO ridhksl øjHh u.ska ñksidg we;=¿ mßirhg isÿjk ydksh

ms<sn|j flfrk mrSCIK yd ióCIK ;jÿrg;a fõ.j;a l,hq;= w;r

ridhksl øjHh md,k Wml%u ms<sn| jQ m¾fhaIK yd fi!LHdrCIs;

ridhksl øjHh ksIamdokh yd msú;=re ksIamdokh .ek flfrk

m¾fhaIK Èßu;a l,hq;=h'

SAICM md,kh lsÍfï wruqKqSAICM md,k hdka;%Khg my; oE we;=,;ah'

• ridhksl øjHh l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|j jq cd;sl cd;Hdka;r yd l<dmSh

hdka;%Kh nyqmd¾Yj m%udKd;aul l%shdldÍ ld¾hCIu yd úksúO

Ndjfhka hq;=úh hq;= w;r tu m%udKd;aul i,ld ne,Su isÿl, hq;=h'

• ridhksl øjHh hymd,kh rdcH wxYj, tla tla wxYj, m%j¾Okh

l, hq;=h' ^tla tla wxY w;r mßir wud;HdxY w;r fi!LHh

lDIsld¾ñl ld¾ñl yd ixj¾Ok& óg wu;rj úúO md¾Yj yd tlaj

ridhksl øjHh l<ukdlrKh ioyd úúO md¾Yj yd tlaj ̂ fuu úIhh

yd iïnkaOj& lghq;= lsÍug jevms<sfj,la ilia l, hq;=h'

• ridhksl øjHh hymd,kh ms<sn|j jQ cd;sl m%;sm;a;Ska yd kS;s rduq

l%shdjg kexùfï§ tajdg jeä n,;, ,ndÈh hq;= w;r iudc j.lSu yd

jD;a;suh mßirhg .e,fmk whqßka jQ hym;a l,al%shdj wdrïN l,

hq;=h'

• úúO rgj, jQ f¾.= fomd¾;fïka;= w;r wfkHdaakH ne|Sula yd f;dr;=re

yqjudrejla fï øjHh iïnkaOj mej;sh hq;=h'

• fuu ridhksl øjHh iïnkaOj isú,a ixúOdk j,g ;SrK .ekSfï

l%shdj,sfha§ jeän,;, mejßh hq;= w;r ldka;djka lïlrejka yd

wfkl=;a wjOdkug ,laúh yels md¾Yj iïnkaOfhka ;SrKh .ekSfï§

jeä wjOdkhla yd jeän,;, mejrSula isÿl, hq;=h óg wu;rj


27

foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka fm!oa.,sl wxY yd isú,a ixúOdk ridhksl

øjHh hymd,kh mj;ajd.ekSug tlaj lghq;= l, hq;=h'

• fj<| yd mdßißl m%;sm;a;Ska tlsfklg iyfhda.h ,ndÈug noaOúh

hq;=h'

SAICM YlH;d j¾Ok uQ,druqKqSAICM YlH;d j¾Ok ;dCIKsl iyfhda.S;djfha wruqKq j,g my; oE

wka;¾.;h'

• ridhksl øjHh hymd,kh ms<sn|j cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla tjeks W;aidyhla

ish¿u rgj, ;sìh hq;= w;r tajdfha ;;a;ajh ;j;j;a ÈhqKq úh

hq;=h' úfYaIfhka ÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk yd wd¾:sl uÜgu úp,kh fjñka

mj;sk rgj, fuu ;;a;ajh ÈhqKqúh hq;= w;r Ñria:dhs YlH;d j¾Ok

wruqKq fjkqfjka yd tajd l%shdjg kexùug ;dCIKsl iyfhda.S;djh

ms<sn| iyfhda.hla fï iïnkaOj we;sl, hq;=h' tysÈ msú;=re ksIamdok

;dCIKh ms<sn|j m%;sm;a;Ska ilia l, hq;=h'

• ridhksl øjHh hymd,kh ms,sn| YlH;d j¾Okh uQ,sl wdrïN yd

iudc ixj¾Ok Wml%uhla úhhq;= w;r th cd;sl Ñria:dhs ixj¾Ok

Wml%ñl jevigykla hgf;a iliaúh hq;=h' ;jo ridhksl øjHh

l<ukdlrKh cd;sl m%;sm;a;Ska j, wx.hla úh hq;=h'

• ÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk rgj, úfYaIfhkau ridhksl øjHh hymd,kh

ms<sn|j kj;u fudv, l%shdjg kexùug yd mj;sk Wml%u ÈhqKq lsÍug

tjeks jevigyka oekgu;a l%shd;aul lr we;' ta ioyd ÈhqKq rgj,a

yd wka;¾cd;sl wdh;kj, iyfhda.h ,ndÈh hq;=fõ'

• úúO wka;¾cd;sl wdh;k" mß;Hd.YS,ska yd tjeks iud.ï

fldgialrejka Ñria:dhs ixj¾Okh" ridhksl iqrCIs;;djh yd

ÿmam;alu ÿr,Su jeks úIhhka iïnkaOj oekqj;a l, hq;=h'


28

kS;súfrdaê wka;¾cd;sl yqjudrej md,kh i|ydSAICM ys uQ,sl wruqKqóg my; oE wvx.= fõ'

• kS;súfrdaë wka;rdldÍ úI iys;" ;ykï l," iSud l," úúO ridhksl

øjHh yqjudrej iSudl, hq;=h' óg tu øjHh wvx.= ridhksl øjHh

tjeks foa wvx.= ñY%K yd ixfhda. yd wm øjHhh we;=,;a úh hq;=h'

• kS;s úfrdaë wka;¾cd;sl ridhksl øjHh yqjudrej je,elaùfï l%shdj,sh

uevmeje;aùu ÈhqKqfjñka mj;sk rgj, m%j¾Okh l, hq;= w;r

f;dr;=re yqjudrej m%j¾Okh l, hq;=h'

SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu iy m%.;sh mrSCId lr ne,Suridhk øjH l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| vqndhs cd;Hka;r iuq¿j" SAICM l%shdfõ

fhoùug iyfhda.h oelaùu i|yd iy m%.;sh mrSCIdlr ne,Su i|yd

wdh;ksl ie,iqï msysgqjd we;' tu.ska my; lreKq i|yd tlÕù we;¦

• SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu wdrïN lrkqfha" wjYH yelshdjka f.dvke.Su

i|yd bvla ,nd foñks' SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùfï cd;sl ie,eiau i|yd

wod, md¾Yjlrejkaf.a iyNd.S;ajh fuhg we;=,;a jkq we;' fuu

ie,eiau u.ska" oekg mj;sk kS;s" cd;sl me;slvj,a" l%shdldÍ ie,iqï"

md¾Yjlrejkaf.a wNs,dYhka" wvqmdvq" m%uqL;djhka" wjYH;d iy

wjia:djka i,ld ne,sh hq;=hs' SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùfï l,dmSh ie,iqï

o we;sl, hq;=hs' miqj" fuu l%shdfõ fhoùfï wjia:djka úfYAIs; l%shdldÍ

ie,eiaula fj; fhduqúh hq;=hs'

• fuu l%shdj,Skag iyfhda.h oelaùu i|yd iy iqÿiq mßÈ ;ukaf.a

l%shdldÍ ie,iqï ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd¦ wka;¾ rdcH wdh;k"

cd;Hka;r uq,H wdh;k iy fm!oa.,sl wdh;k Èßu;a l, hq;=hs'

md¾Yjlrejka w;r we;s iyfhda.S;djh SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùug Woõ§u

i|yd È.gu mj;ajd .; hq;=hs'

• iEu rdcHhlau SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu i|yd wud;HdxY w;r fyda

wdh;k w;r ie,iqï we;sl, hq;= w;r" tu.ska i,ld n,k cd;sl

fomd¾;fïka;= iy md¾Yjlrejkaf.a wNsm%dhka ksfhdackh ùu iy

wod, ishü fmfoia wdjrKh lsÍu isÿ fõ' rg wNHka;rfha iy


29

cd;Hka;rj" ikaksfõokhg myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd iEu rdcHhlau

Wmdhud¾.sl m%fõYh i|yd jk cd;sl ixêia:dk ^Strategic ApproachNational Focal Point& msysgqúh hq;= w;r th Wmdh ud¾.sl m%fõYhms<sn| lreKq ikaksfõokh lrk ld¾hCIu m%kd,hla f,i¦ ieisjdri|yd wdrdOkd lsÍï iy f;dr;=re fnodyerSu we;=¿j" l%shdl, hq;=hs'

• ridhk øjHh l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| cd;Hka;r iuq¿j ̂ ICCM&" kshñ;ld,hg /iajk w;r tu.ska Wmdh ud¾.sl m%fõYh ms<sn| úuid ne,Suisÿlrhs' SAICM ls%hdfõ fhoùfï m%.;sh iy 2020 §S b,lal j,gwod,j m%.;sh úuid ne,Sfï wruqfKka isÿlrk ;lafiare lsÍfï jd¾;dish¨ md¾Yjlrejka úiska ta fj; tjhs' th wjYH mßÈ" Wmdh ud¾.sl;SrK" ie,iqï lsÍï" m%uqL;djhka iy hdj;ald<Sk lsÍï isÿlrhs' ICCMu.ska SAICM ys uq,HlrKh ms<sn| úuid n,k w;r SAICM l%shdfõfhoùu ioyd wjYH uq,Huh yd ;dCIKsl iïm;a ;sfío hkak ;yjqrelsÍug l%shdlrhs' tfiau th Wmdh ud¾.sl m%fõYh l%shdfõ fhoùui|yd ish¨ md¾Yjlrejkaf.a iyNd.S;ajh jeäÈhqKq lrjhs' SAICMys ieisjdr 2009" 2012" 2015 iy 2020 j¾I j,§ meje;afjkq we;' tfiafkdue;s kï iuq¿j u.ska ;SrKh lrKq we;'

• ICCM reiaùï w;r;=r"SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùug újD;" nyqmd¾Yúliy nyq wdxYsl Wml%u m%fhdackhg .kq we;' SAICM wNs,dYhkai|yd myiqlï ie,iSu" ICCM ys wkd.; ieisjdr ie,iqï lsÍu iyl,dmSh oCI;d iy f;dr;=re yqjudre lsÍu i|yd SAICM l,dmShreiaùï meje;afjkq we;' fuu ieisjdr u.ska tu l,dmh ;=, SAICMl%shdfõ fhoùfï m%.;sh" ish¨ md¾Yjlrejka ioyd SAICM l%shdfõfhoùug wod, l,dmSh Wmfoia" ;dCIKh" Wmdh ud¾.sl idlÑcd iyf;dr;=re yqjudrej ms<sn| i,ld nef,kq we;'

• SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùfï ie,lsh hq;= fldgila r|dmj;skafka wod,wka;¾ rdcH wdh;k w;r l%shdldÍ;ajhka" úfYaIfhka idudðl wdh;k7 la iy ksrSCIK wdh;k 2 l iyNd.S;ajfhka jk hym;a ridhkl<ukdlrKh i|yd jk wka;¾ wdh;k jevigyk ÎOMC& u.sks'

IOMC idudðlhka jkqfha¦ wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh ^FAO&"cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh ÎLO&" wd¾:sl iyfhda.S;djh iyixj¾Okh i|yd jk ixúOdkh ÔECD&" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a mßirjevigyk ÛNEP&" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a l¾udka; ixj¾Ok ixúOdkhÛNIDO&" mqyqKq lsÍu yd m¾fhaIK i|yd jk tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdh;kh

ÛNITAR&" iy f,dal fi!LHh ixúOdkh ^WHO& hs'


30

ksrSCIK ixúOdk fol jkqfha¦ tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixj¾Ok jevigyk ̂ UNDP&

iy f,dal nexl=jhs'

• tlai;a cd;Skaf.a mßir ixúOdkfha ðkSjd ld¾hd,h u; mokïjk

SAICM f,alï ld¾hd,h" ICCM /iaùï i|yd iy SAICM l,dmSh

ieisjdr we;=¨ SAICM wka;¾ ieisjdr i|yd myiqlï imhkq we;'

th Wmßu nyq md¾Yjlrejkaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka l%shdlrk w;r ICCMys jd¾;d iy WmfoaYk jHdma; lrhs' th SAICM md¾Yjlrejkaf.a

cd;sl" l,dmSh iy cd;Hka;r cd,fha Ñria:s;sh iy meje;au jeäÈhqKq

lrhs'

SAICM Global Plan of Action^SAICM f.da,Sh l%shdldÍ ie,eiau&SAICM f.da,Sh l%shdldÍ ie,eiau u. fmkajk f,aLKhla jk w;r th

SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùfï§ md¾Yjlrejka ie,ls,a,g .;hq;= l%shdldrlï

,ehsia;= .;lr we;' th il%Sh fuj,ula jk w;r oekg mj;sk iy

fjkiajk wjYH;d j,g iß,k f,i ;jÿrg;a fjkiaùï j,g ,laúh

yel'

f.da,Sh l%shdldÍ ie,eiau" SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùug wjYH wod, ld¾hhka

36 l ,ehsia;=jlska iukaú; cd,hls' iEu ld¾h iSudjla ;=,u f.da,Sh

l%shdldÍ ie,eiau u.ska¦ úfYaIs; l%shdldrlï" l%shdlrejka ,ehsia;=j" b,lal

iy ld, rduq" m%.;sh i|yd jk o¾Yl iy l%shdfõ fhoùfï wruqKq o

we;=,;aj" y÷kd .kshs' iuia:hla f,i f.da,Sh l%shdldÍ ie,eiafï cd,h

SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùfï l%shdldrlï 273 la y÷kd.kshs'

SAICM f.da,Sh l%shdldÍ ie,eiaug wod, m%fõYhka 273 u we;=,;a ,ehsia;=j

idrdxY.; lsÍu myiq ke;' my; oelafjk l%shdldrlï i|yd rdcH

fkdjk ixúOdk iy isú,a iudc ixúOdk leu;s jkq we;¦

• m<sfndaOkdYl fnodyerSu iy mdúÉÑh i|yd FAO ys wka;¾ cd;sl

fÄ;h iïmQ¾Kfhkau l%shdfõ fhoùu Èß.ekaùu'

• b;d úI m<sfndaOkdYl ms<sn|j cd;sl ;SrK" tajdfha iajNdúlj msysá

ydksodhl nj iy úhyels ksrdjrKhka ms<sn| úYaf,aIKhka u; mokï

úh hq;=hs'


31

• m<sfndaOlhka iy fndajk frda. jdylhka md,kfha§ mdßißlj hym;a

iy taldnoaO l%fudamdhka msysgqùu'

• WmøjldÍ iy mj;sk ;;a;aj hgf;a wdrCIdldÍj mdúÉÑ l, fkdyels

b;d úI m<sfndaOkdYl" l¾udka; u.ska iafõÉPdfjkau bj;a lsÍug

Èßu;a lsÍu'

• ÿIs; ia:dk y÷kd.ekSu iy ck;djg iy mßirhg jk ydksh wju

lsÍu i|yd ÿIs; ia:dk ms,shï lsÍfï ie,iqï we;slsÍu iy l%shdfõ

fhoùu'

• l,a bl=;ajq m<sfndaOkdYl iy wfkl=;a ridhksl øjHh ^úfYaIfhka

PCBs& y÷kd.ekSu iy neyerlsÍug myiqlï ie,iSu'

• udkj fi!LHhg iy mßirhg¦ md,kh l, fkdyels" fkdtfiakï

widOdrK f,i ydks we;sl, yels rihksl øjH ms<sn| wOHhkhg

m%uqL;dj ,nd§u'

• Bhï" riÈh iy leâñhï u.ska udkj fi!LHhg yd mßirhg jk

n,mEu wju lsÍug Èßu;a lsÍu¦ ^riÈh j, ish¨ mrdihkaf.a

l%shdldÍ;ajh" kS;suh fuj,ï j, yelshdj" iyfhda.S;djh iy wfkl=;a

l%shdjka i,lñka&

• wmøjH wju lsÍu iy wmøjH neyer lsÍfï cd;sl ie,iqï msysgqùu

iy ;yjqre lsÍu'

• cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdk wdrCIs; ld¾h Înternational LaborOrganization Safe Work& jevigyka cd;sl uágñka msysgqùu iy ILO170" 174" 184 iïuq;s w;aika lsÍu iy l%shdfõ fhoùu Èßu;a lsÍu'

• /lshd mßY%fha§ ksrdjrKh jk WmøjldÍ ridhksl øjHh ms<sn|j

iy ;uka wdrCId úhyels ud¾. ms<sn|j m%udKj;a iy ksjerÈ f;dr;=re

,nd fkdfokafkakï tu WmøjldÍ mßirfha fiajh lsÍu m%;slafIam

lsÍug fiajlhkag we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lsÍu'

• ridhksl øjH u.ska <uhska wdrCId lsÍug¦ wOHdmkh iy mqyqKq lsÍu

Èßu;a lsÍu'

• wmú;%ldrl ksoyia lsÍu iy mßjykfha cd;sl f,aLK ^PRTRs&we;slsÍug wjYH uQ,sldx. msysgqùu'


32

• ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,¦ rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" isú,a iudc

iy iudcfha yelshdj f.dvkexùu' tu.ska Tjqkaf.a j.lSï iy.;

iy l%shdldÍ iyNd.S;ajhg myiqlï ie,fia'

• m%;sm;a;s" kS;s iy jHjia:dms; ieliqï Yla;su;a lsÍu iy wkque;sh

Èßu;a lsÍu iy j,x.= lsÍu'

• rdcH ksfhdað; uKav, we;slsÍfï§" mj;ajdf.k hdfï§ iy SAICMl%shdfõ fhoùfï ie,iqï úuid ne,Sfï§ isú,a iudc ksfhdað;hska we;=,;a

lsÍu'

• wmøjH wju lsÍfï§ iy bj;,k wmøjH mßudj iy úI iys; nj

wvqlsÍu i|yd¦^Y+kH wmøjH l<ukdlrKh" wmøjH je,elaùu"

wdfoaYkh iy úI Ndú;h wjulsÍu o we;=,;aj" iïm;aj,

ld¾hCIu;djh jeälsÍfï§& YlH;d j¾Ok jevigyka l%shdfõ fhoùu'

SAICM l%shdldÍ fuj,ula f,iSAICM flgqïm;a lsÍfï§ iy ieliSfï l%shdj,sfha§ ish¿u l,dmj,

fi!LHh yd mdßißl rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk i|yd iyNd.Sùug" l%shdldÍ

ld¾hka bgqlrSug iy ienE ueÈy;aùulg wdrdOkd lrk ,§' flfia kuq;a"

wjYH ish¨ foa ,nd.ekSug rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk j,g fkdyels úh'

l%shdj,sh wjidkfha§" rdcHhka yd md¾Yjhka óg fmr tlÕjq iuyr

SAICM kshuhka wdmiq yerùug rdcHhka lsysmhla ueÈy;a úh' fuu

kshuhka i|yd ridhksl l¾udka; iïnkaO fj<| ix.ï leu;s fkdùh'

Wofhda.Su;a idlÑcd mej;=k w;r" SAICM wjika ,shú,af,a iuyr fldgia

;rula fjkial, w;r tuksid th ÿ¾j, úh' wjidkfha§ fi!LHh yd

mdßißl rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iy fj<| ix.ï ie,iqï lsÍfï l%shdj,shg

iyNd.S jQ w;r wjidkfha" SAICM ms<s.eksug ish,af,dau talu;slj

tlÕ úh'

iuyr ÿ¾j,;d fkdi,ld" SAICM ms<s.eksu jeo.;a f.da,Sh isoaêhla iy

m%.;shla f,i fuu rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk y÷kd .kakd ,È' f,dalfha

fndfyda rgj, by, uÜgfï ksfhdð;hka ridhk iqrCIs;;dj jeo.;a

f.da,sh fi!LH iy mdßißl wruqKla f,i i,ld thg úêu;a ms,s.ekSula

,nd§u i|yd¦ iudcfha wfkla wxY iu. iïnkaO úh' fuu .eg¨j ioyd

mq¿,a úi÷ula wjYH njg rdcHhka tlÕ úh' 2020 § ienE fjkila i|yd

lghq;= lsÍug Tjqka fmdfrdkaÿ úh' Tjqka m%fhdackj;a m%;sm;a;s iy


33

l%fudamdhka ia:sr lr.;a w;r l%shdldÍ ùu i|yd ks¾kdhl j,g tlÕ

úh' wjidkfha Tjqka l%shdfõ fhoùu ioyd ie,iqï ^m%.;sh úuid ne,Su

i|yd iy wjYH mßÈ ksjerÈ lsÍï lsÍug msysgqjd .;a cd;Hka;r iïuq;Ska

o we;=¨j& ia:sr lr.kakd ,§'

igyka

1' vqndhs ICCM ys iïu;lr.;a f,aLK iy fhdackd tlai;a cd;Skaf.a NdId 6 ka

u ,nd.; yels w;r th http://www.chem.unep.ch/saicm/SAICM%20texts/SAICM%20documents.ht u.ska ,nd.; yel'

2' ILO Safe Work jevigyk" fiajd ia:dkfha iy mßirfha wdrCIdj iy fi!LH

ms<sn|j i,ld n,k w;r th m%xY" bx.%Sis" iy iamd[a[ NdIdj,ska http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/intro/ u.ska ,nd.; yel'

ILO 170" fiajd ia:dkfha ridhk øjH Ndú;fha§ wdrCIdj ms<sn| i,lk w;r

th http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/safetytm/c170.htm: u.ska ,nd.; yel'

ILO 174" m%Odk ld¾ñl yÈis wk;=re je,lSfï iïuq;sh i,ld n,k w;r

th(http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/asro/beijing/download/speech/ct_28apr06.pdf u.ska ,nd.; yel'

ILO 184" lDIsl¾ufha§ wdrCIdj yd fi!LHh ms<sn| i,lk w;r th http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc89/pdf/c184.pdf u.ska ,nd.;

yel'


34

SAICM ms,s.eksu" ridhksl ÿIKh iy ksrdjrKh f.da,Sh mdßißl kHdh

m;%fha ms,s.ekSug ;rï¦ ^foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi iy ffcj úúO;ajh wvqùu

iy iu.u& jeo.;a fldgila nj fmkajk i,l=Kls' úoHd{hka iy

m¾fhaIlhka jir .kKla ;siafia" úI ridhk j,g ñksid iy jk i;=ka

ksrdjrKh jk m%udK iy th we;slrk oreKq ydks ms,sn|j wOHhkh

lrñka isáhs' fuu j¾Okh jk f;dr;=re i|yd f,dalfha ish¨ fldgiaj,

isú,a iudc m%;spdr olajd we;af;a úi÷ï ;Èka b,a,d isàfuks' SAICMms,s.ekSu" fuu isú,a iudc m%h;akhkaf.a ke.Sisàu iy úYajdih jeäÈhqKq

lrjhs' th isú,a iudc m%h;akhka ;jÿrg;a jHdma; lsÍug iy Tjqkaf.a

j¾Okh jk Yla;sh jeä lsÍug Woõ fõ'

isú,a iudc oekgu;a SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu i|ydodhl fjñka we;'fndfyda rgj, iy ish¨ l,dmj, rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iy isú,a iudc"

SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu i|yd oekgu;a" ̂ bka fndfyduhla fkdoekqj;aju&

odhl fjñka we;'

ridhk øjH iïnkaO m%;sm;a;s iy l%shdud¾.' fndfyda rgj, rdcH fkdjk

ixúOdk" ridhk iïnkaOj¦ cd;sl" m%dfoaYSh iy m<d;a m%;sm;a;s" kS;s

iy kshuhka j, ixfYdaOk ,nd.ekSu i|yd l%shdlrñka isáhs' rdcH fkdjk

ixúOdk¦ ld¾ñl ÿIK l%shdldrlï wjika lsÍug¦ ÿIKh isÿlrk l¾udka;

mj;sk fyd|u l%u ̂ BAT& iy fyd|u mdßißl l%shdud¾. ̂ BEP& ms<s.ekSu

wjYH nj¦ wmú;%ldrl ksoyia lsÍfï iy mrSjykfha cd;sl ,ehsia;=

msysgúh hq;= nj ̂ PRTRs&¦ iy ÿIl Ndú;h wvqlsÍug iy msßisÿ ksIamdok

^CP& jeäÈhKq lsÍug Woõ lrk jev ms,sfj,j,a Èß.ekaùu i|yd m%h;ak

orhs' fuu jHdmdrhka mj;ajd f.k hkafka <uqkaf.a fi,a,ï nvqj,"

5. SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu i|ydisú,a iudch Ndú;d l< yelafla iyodhl úh yelafla flfiao@


35

rEm,djkH øjH j, iy wfkl=;a mdßfNda.sl øjHj, we;s úI ridhk

m%Odk fldg f.khs' fuu rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk¦ msßisÿ ;dCIKh Èß.ekaùu

i|yd l%shd lrhs'

m<sfndaOkdYl' lDIsl¾ufha§ Ndú;d jk m<sfndaOkdYl j, jerÈ Ndú;h

wjika lsÍug iy úYajdih we;s lsÍug¦ taldnoaO m<sfndaO md,kh i|yd

mdßißlj hym;a l%shdldrlï jeäÈhqKq lsÍug iy lDIs-mdßißl

l%shdldrlï iy mdßißlj ksmojk wdydr i|yd fj<| fmd,la ks¾udKh

lsÍug isú,a iudc l%shdlrñka isáhs' ÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk rgj, m%udKj;a

m<sfndaOkdYl kshuhka fyda l%shdfõ fhoùula fkdue;sj m<sfndaOkdYl

jHdma;sh yd mdúÉÑh ms<sn| FAO fÄ;h cd;slj l%shdfõ fhoùug rdcH

fkdjk ixúOdk ls%hdlrñka isáhs' wm%sldj" kef.kysr hqfrdamh iy wfkla

l,dm j, isú,a iudc" w;yer oeuQ iy l,a bl=;ajQ m<sfndaOkdYl

f.dv.eiSï iy wfkla úI iys; ia:dk y÷kd .ksñka isák w;r tajd

msßisÿ lsÍu iy kshudldrfhka neyer lsÍug rchkag iy cd;Hka;r

wdh;k j,g n,lrñka isáhs' jdylhka md,kh i|yd È.ska È.gu DDTu; úYajdih fkd;nd uef,aßhdj md,kh i|yd m%n, l%fudamdhka

yÿkajd§ug rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk l%shdlrñka isáhs'

cd;Hka;r .súiqï' ndi,a" frdg¾vEï yd iafgdlafydaï iïuq;s ms<sn| idlÑPd"

tlÕùï iy ia:sr lsÍï jeäÈhqKq lsÍug fndfyda rgj, rdcH fkdjk

ixúOdk b;d jeo.;a N+ñldjka ksrEmKh lrñka isáhs' riÈh" Bhï iy

leâñhï jeks ner f,day j,g ksrdjrKh ùfuka we;sjk oreKq .eg¨

md,kh lsÍu i|yd w¨;a f.da,Sh .súiqï fjkqfjka fndfyda rgj, rdcH

fkdjk ixúOdk lghq;= lrñka isáhs' mdßißlj wys;lr nj oYl

.Kklg fmr isgu y÷kd.;a È.=l,a mj;sk ldnksl ÿIl ^POPs& 12 la

md,kh lsÍu iy iïmQ¾Kfhka bj;a lsÍu ms<sn| fidhd ne,Su iafgdlafydaï

iïuq;sh u.ska oekg isÿ lrhs' uE; ld,fha§ úoHd{hska" ;j;a fndfyda

wu;r POPs j¾. o ydksodhl f,i y÷kdf.k we;s ksid tajd o oekg

iafgdlafydaï iïuq;sh u.ska md,kh lr we;' fïjd ioyd fn%dañfkagâ

*af,aï ßgdvkaÜ" *af,daßkSlD; ridhk" ,skafâka iy tkafvdi,af*aka jeks

m<sfndaO kdYl iy wfkl=;a foa wh;a fõ' fïjd iy ta yd iudk ridhksl

ÿIl iafgdlafydaï iïuq;sfhka ;ykï l,hq;= iy iSudl,hq;= POPs,ehsia;=jg tla lsÍug rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk f.da,Shj l%shdlrñka isáhs'

ffcj ksÍlaIKh (Bio Monitoring). udkj reêrfha úI ridhksl øjH mrSCId

lr tys m%;sm, m%isoaêhg m;alsÍfï jHdmD;sj, fndfyda rgj, rdcH


36

fkdjk ixúOdk ksr;j isáhs' ishü ukqIHhkaf.a YrSr mgl ;=, úúO

lD;su úI ridhksl øjH úYd, ixLHdjla we;snj fmkaùu i|yd fuh

isÿlrhs' úfYaIs;j i,lkq ,nk fuu ÿIl È.=l,a mj;sk" ffcùhj tla

/iajk iy úI øjH ^PBTs&¦ fndfyda l,a mj;sk iy nyq, f,i ffcùhj

tla/iajk¦ ms<sldldrl fyda cdk úlD;sldrl fyda m%ckl" wka;rdi¾."

m%;sfoay iy iakdhq moaO;s j,g wys;lrj n,mdk ridhk ms<sn| i,ld

n,hs'

<ud fi!LHh' fndfyda fouõmshkag" fi!LHh jD;a;slhkag iy wfkl=;a

whg <ud mdßißl fi!LHh¦ jeo.;a nj jeäfjñka mj;sk m%YaKhla njg

m;afjñka we;'

fya;=j jkafka ìysfkdjQ l<," <orejka iy <uqka úIøjH j,ska isÿjk

fi!LHh ;¾ck j,g ,lajk nj m¾fhaIlhka fidhdf.k ;sîu ksihs'

ridhksl ¥Il j,g ksrdjrKh jQ ldka;djka tajd ;ukaf.a YrSrfhka"

ìysùug m%:u orejkag o iy miqj uõlsß ud¾.fhka o .uka lrjhs'

Wm;g fmr iy <ore wjêfha§ ridhk j,g ksrdjrKh jqjka <ud wjêfha§

iy Bg miq cSú;fha§;a úúO frda. iy wmyiq;d j,g ,la fõ' iuyr

wjia:djka j,§" ldka;djkag ;uka iy ;u orejka ridhk j,g ksrdjrKh

ùu wdydr mqreÿ fjkialr .ekSu ;=,ska wvqlr .; yel' kuq;a tu.ska

,efnk wdrCIdj iSud iys; fõ' fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka" m%YaKldÍ ¥Il

Ndú;h wjika lsÍu i|yd fndfyda fofkla ta i|yd we;s jHdmdr fjkqfjka

l%shd lrhs'

wmøjH neyer lsÍu' wúêu;a wmøjH neyer lsÍu" tu øjH u.ska jk ¥Ik

we;s lsÍug n,mdk ;j;a m%Odk idOlhls' fuh f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,

m%cd uQ, ixúOdk wmøjH f.dv.eiSug iy ms<siaiSug úreoaO ùug¦ újD;

oykh lsÍï j,g úreoaO ùug¦ iy úúO Y+kH wmøjH ̂ zero waste& jHdmdr

we;=,;a wmøjH wju lsÍu Èßu;a lsÍug o fya;=jla ù we;' ld¾ñl rgj,

isg ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,g bf,lafg%dksl wmøjH iy wfkl=;a

wmøjH keõ.; lsÍug úreoaOj o rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk lghq;= lrñka

isáhs' tf,iu ndi,a iïuq;sfhka .e,ùug we;s bvlv jeiSug" tkï

m%;spl%SlrKh i|yd kS;Hdkql+, wdldr f,i fuu jevms<sfj,j,a ;yjqre

lsÍu wmøjH fj<|dïlrkakka bv i,idf.k ;sîu je,elaùug o mshjr

.kshs'


37

jD;a;Sh iqrCIs;;dj' jD;a;Sh iñ;s iy wfkl=;a fiajlhkag" f.dúhkag

iy ëjrhkag Wmfoia fokakka¦ /lshd ia:dkfha jk ridhksl ksrdjrKhkag

iy ydksj,g tfrysj cd;sl kS;s" kshuhka iy cd;Hka;r iïuq;s yd

jevigyka j,g tlÕùu ms<sn| y~ ke.+y' tajdg tlÕjQ miq fuu kshuhka"

kS;s" iïuq;Ska iy jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍug iy ;yjqre lsÍug lghq;=

l,y'

by; oelajQfha ridhksl j,ska wdrCId ùfï wruqKska oekg f,dalfha iEu

;eku isú,a iudc isÿlrk jHdmdr j,g WodyrK lsysmhls' iEu tllau

SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu i|yd odhl fõ' SAICM iïnkaOfhka" tajd ish,a,u

talSh¦ tlsfkl .e,fmk iy f.da,Sh fõ' tajd ish,a,u odhl jkafka

ridhksl øjH j, ksrdjrKh" ñksia fi!LHhg yd mßir moaO;s j,g

;jÿrg;a ydksjk m%Njhla fkdjk f,i wkd.; f,dalh ,Õdlr .ekSughs'

SAICM ms<s.ekSu;a iu.u iy ridhksl iqrCIs;;dj blaukska i,ld ne,sh

hq;= f.da,Sh m%YaKhla f,i cd;Hka;rj ms<s.ekSu;a iu.u" ridhk j,ska

iqrCIs;ùfï wruqKq jeälsÍu fjkqfjka wfkl=;a rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk

iy isú,a iudc isÿlrk W;aidyhka jeälsÍfï ;;a;ajhka ks¾udKh ù

we;'

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, mßY%uhka Yla;su;a lsÍug SAICM Woõlrk wkaou'ridhksl iqrCIs;;dj Èßu;a lsÍu fjkqfjka uyck fi!LHh yd mdßißl

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" jD;a;Sh ix.ï iy wfkl=;a isú,a iudc ixúOdk

j, b;d jeo.;a odhl;ajh ms<sn|j" SAICM vqndhs m%{ma;sfha§ rchka

lD;{ úh' tfukau" isú,a iudc iu. SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu i|yd il%Shj

iïnkaO ùug Tjqkaf.a we;s n,dfmdfrd;a;=j o mejiSh' fuh isú,a iudc

jHdmdr ridhksl iqrCIs;;dj wruQKq fjkqfjka fhdod .eksug Wmldr úh'

tf,iu fmr ksrSlaIK j,g idfmalaIj u;fío wju lsÍug iy ;jÿrg;a

m%p,s; lsÍug yels úh' tfiau ÿIKh lrkakkag ienE .eg,qjla we;snj

m%;slafIam lsÍug wiSre úh' isú,a iudc l%shdldÍ;ajhka wjodkï iys; jk

rgj,¦ rcfha m%;sm;a;s yd tlÕj Wmdhud¾.sl keUqrej l%shdfõ fhoùug

iy 2020 § SAICM wruqKq ,Õdlr .ekSug rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk j,g

;ukaf.a ld¾h y÷kd .ekSug" bv i,ihs'


38

cd;sl kS;s iy m%;sm;a;sisú,a iudc l%shdldÍka i|yd SAICM wruqKq ,Õdlr .ekSug odhl úhyels

jqj o" ydkslr úI ridhk j,ska ukqIH fi!LHh yd mßir moaO;s wdrCId

lsÍfï wjidk j.lSu we;af;a rch u;hs' fï i|yd m%n, cd;sl fyda

cd;Hka;r m%;sm;a;s kS;s iy kshuhka u; mokï jq cd;sl m%;sm;a;s md,khla

msysgqùu wjYH fõ' tfukau¦ m%udKj;a mrSCIKd.dr" mqyqKq mqoa.,hka iy

ridhk l<ukdlrK kS;s yd m%;sm;a;s fyd|ska úuid ne,Sug iy l%shd;aul

lsÍug wêldÍhla iuÕu¦ m%udKj;a cd;sl m%;sm;a;s msysgqùu wjYH fõ'

SAICM 2020 wruqKq cd;slj ,Õdlr .ekSug m%udKj;a cd;sl m%;sm;a;s

md,khla msysgqjd we;af;a wo f,dalfha rgj,a j,ska b;d iq¿ m%udKhls'

tuksid rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iy isú,a iudc ixúOdk j," SAICM l%shdfõ

fhoùug odhl ùfï§ jeo.;a wruqKla úh hq;af;a¦ cd;sl ridhk m%;s;a;s

md,khka ixfYdaOkh lsÍug lghq;= lsÍuhs'

hqfrdamd ix.ufha REACH m%;sm;a;shm%; sm; a; s ixfYd aOkh l sÍu" h qfrd amd ix.ï rgj," fkd a¾fõ

iy iaúÜi¾,ka;fha fyd|ska isÿfjñka mj;s' fuys§ ^l,ska úia;r l,

mßÈ& kj ridhk md,k m%;sm;a;shla ms<s.ekSu Wfoid" REACH kñka"

ôekgu;a th l%shd;aul ùug mgkaf.k we;& isú,a iudch id¾:lj

lghq;= l,y'

hqfrdamd ix.uh 2020 § wruqKq ,Õdlr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk nj

iy REACH m%;sm;a;s ms<s.kakd ,oafoa tu W;aidyh i|yd odhl;ajhla

f,i nj o REACH m%;sm;a;sfha mQ¾úldfõ i|yka fõ'

REACH hgf;a" hqfrdamd ix.ufha Ndú;h i|yd ridhk øjH fj<|fmd,g

ksl=;a lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ksIamdolfhla fyda wdkhkh lrkafkla

m<uqj ridhkslfha ,CIK ms<sn|¦ tys WmøjldÍ ,CIK o we;=,;aj"

iïmQ¾K úia;rhla ilialr bÈßm;a l, hq;=hs' tfiau ridhkh wdrCIs;j

Ndú;d lrk wkaou ms<sn| f;dr;=re o bÈßm;a l, hq;=hs' hï WmøjldÍ

.=Kdx. fmkajk ridhk øjH i|yd úfYaIs; n,h mejrSula o wjYH fõ'

jHdmdr fj; fuu n,h mjrkq ,nkafka" fuu ;¾ck m%udKj;a f,i

md,kh lr fyda iudcuh yd wd¾:sluh jdis¦ ydks blaujd hhs kï o yd

fjk;a iqÿiq úl,am fyda ;dCIKhka ke;akï muKs)'


39

REACH mokï jQ uQ,sl m%;sm;a;sREACH hkq hqfrdamd ix.ï rgj,a j, Ndú;d lsÍu i|yd ks¾udKh l,

b;d úfYAIs; iy ixlS¾K m%;sm;a;s meflachls' th w;sYh ld¾ñl rgj,g

fyd| wkqrejlaa imhk w;r Okh yd ;dCIKsl myiqlï by< uÜgul

fkdue;s rgj,a wvqld¾ñl fyda wvq Okj;a rgj,a f,i Wml,amkh lrhs'

tfia fkdue;s kï REACH f.dvkexjQ uQ,sl m%;sm;a;s fudkhï ixj¾Ok

uÜgul mj;sk rglg jqj o iudkHfhka fhdod.; yel'

• REACH g fmr" ld¾ñl ridhk øjH Ndú;h ksid úh yels fi!LHuh

n,mEu ms<sn| f;dr;=re mej;=fka ̂ tfia mej;=kdkï& b;d iq̈ m%uKhls'

REACH hgf;a" fj<|fmd,g wjqreoaolg fgdka 1 lg jeä m%udKhla

ridhk øjH úlsKSug n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk ksIamdolhka fyda wdkhkh

lrkakka" mdúÉÑ lrkakkag iúia;rd;aul f;dr;=re iy o;a; bÈßm;a

l, hq;=hs' fuh w¨;a m%;sm;a;shla msysg jQ w;r we;eï úg fuh(

—o;a; ke;akï" fj<|fmd, ke;˜ ^No Data No Market& f,i y÷kajhs'

• REACH hgf;a" ridhksl øjH u.ska fi!LHhg yd mßirhg jk ;¾ck

we;=,;a f;dr;=re rdcHhkag muKla fkdj uyck;djg o bÈßm;a l,

hq;=hs' fuh isú,a iudch ks;ru i,ld n,k b;d jeo.;a SAICMm%;sm;a;shla jk" —oek.ekSu we;s whs;sh˜ ^Right to Know& ;yjqre

lrhs'

• .e,fmk úl,am y÷kd.;a úg" b;d Nhdkl ridhk j,g wdfoaY

l%ufhka y÷kajd §u o REACH isÿ lrhs'

• REACH i|yd¦ ksIamdolhka" wdkhkh lrkakka yd my, uágfï mdúÑÑ

lrkakka" Tjqka ksIamdokh lrk" fj<|du i|yd we;s fyda mdúÉÑhg

we;s ridhk øjH udkj fi!LHhg fyda mßirhg wys;lr n,mEï we;s

fkdlrk nj ;yjqre lsÍu wjYH fõ' fuh je,elaùfï m%;sm;a;sh

^PrecautIonary Principel& f,i y÷kajhs'

³ REACH uqükskau l%shdfõ fhoùug ld,hla .;jkq we;' tu ksid fuu w¨;a kS;sh iytys l%shdldÍ;ajh ms<sn| wjika ks.ukhlg taug ;ju fkdyel' wu;rj" REACH ixfYdaOk"m<sfndaOkdYl fyda nerf,day md,khg" ld¾ñl ¥IKh md,khg fyda iqÿiq wmøjHl<ukdlrK l%u ;yjqre lsÍu olajd me;srS ke;' ridhk øjH l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|úoaj;=kaf.ka iukaú; fi!LHh yd mdßißl rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iy isú,a iudc ixúOdk"REACH m%;sm;a;s b;d jeo.;a yd Okd;aul ÈhqKqjla f,i i,lk w;r" wfkla rgj,gota u.ska W.;yels yd Bg jvd Wiia uágulg taug yels nj i,lhs' fuu kshuhka(wdrCIs; úl,am fj<|fmd,g f.k taug jHdmdr j,g fm<Uùu iy wdrCIs; úl,am ;sfnkúg WmøjldÍ ridhk ksrdhdifhka ;ykï lsÍug yd bj;a lsÍug l%shd lrhs' fuu fhduqùuwdfoaY m%;sm;a;s ^The Substitution Principle& f,i y÷kajhs'


40

fuu m%;sm;a;s y;r"

1' o;a; fkdue;skï" fj<|fmd, fkdue;' (No data, No market)2' oek.ekSug we;s whs;sh' (Right to Know)3' wdfoaYl m%;sm;a;sh' (The Substitution Principle)4' je,elaùfï m%;sm;a;sh" (Precautionary Principle)

ridhk l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| cd;sl kS;s yd m%;sm;a;s ixfYdaOkh i|yd

lghq;= lrk ́ kEu rgl rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk j,g m%fhdackj;a wdrïNl

wjia:djls'

REACH u.ska ridhk ms<sn| o;a; yd f;dr;=re" ish¨ rgj, kS;s iïmdokh

lrkakkag ,nd.; yel' wdfoaYl m%;sm;a;s" cd;sl kS;sj,g tla lsÍfuka¦

hï rgl WmøjldÍ ridhksl Ndú;h iSud lsÍug fyda wdrCIdldÍ úl,am

we;súg wdkhkh fyda ksIamdokh kej;Sug bvfok w;r mdúÉÑ lrkakkag

wdrCIdldÍj mßyrKh lsÍug wiSre ridhk tu rfgys fj<|fmdf,ka

l%ufhka bj;a lsÍug;a bv ,ndfohs'

fuu keUqrej cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhkaf.a l%shdj,Ska wvq lrhs'

wjidkfha" Ndú;d lrkakdg ridhk øjH wdrCIdldÍj Ndú;d lrkafka

flfiao hkak oekaùfï m%Odk j.lSu ksIamdolhd fyda wdkhkh lrkakd

i;= fõ' fmr iQodkï ùfï m%;sm;a;s¦ kshuhka j,g tla lsÍfuka" md,kh

lrkakkag" tajd ;yjqre lsÍfï§ je,elaùfï yd wdrCIdùfï l%shdjka .ekSug

Woõ fõ'

REACH ksoiqk" ridhk iïnkaO m%;sm;a;"kS;s yd kshuhka ixfYdaOkhg

Wmfoia fok rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk j,g m%fhdackj;a ùug yels jkqfha¦

;ukaf.a rg 2020 § SAICM wruqKq <.dlr .ekSug Woõ ùu i|ydh'

tf,iu wfkl=;a cd;Hka;rj ms<s.;a m%;sm;a;s jk ÿIlhd f.úh hq;=hs

^Polluter Pays Principles&" j.lSug we;s whs;sh ^Right to liability& iy

ÿIKhg ,lajkakkag jkaÈ ̂ Compensation for the Victims Pollution& wdÈh o

jeo.;a fõ'


41

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk¦ úfYaIfhka ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk iy wd¾Ólh

w;rueÈ îxl%uKh jk& wjia:dfõ we;s rgj, lghq;= lrk" ridhk

iïnkaO cd;sl m%;sm;a;s" kS;s yd kshuhka ixfYdaOkh lsÍfuka SAICMwruqKq ,Õdlr .; fkdyels nj wjfndaOlr f.k we;' ridhk

l<uKdlrKh i|yd m%udKj;a há;, myiqlï fkdue;súg" kS;s yd

m%;sm;a;s fyd|u ;;a;ajfha mej;=k o tajd u.ska isÿjkafka iSudiys;

n,mEuls' ;jÿrg;a ridhksl iqrCIs;;dj ,Õdlr .ekSug" msßisÿ

;dCIKhka ^Cleaner Technologies&" wdrCIdldÍ ksIamdok l%u iy ¥Is;

ia:dk i|yd ms<shï fh§u wjYH fõ' fndfyda ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk

rgj,a úfYAIfhka wju ixj¾ê; rgj,a iy l=vd rdcH ixj¾Okh lrk

rgj,a" ^Small Island Developing Countries& j,g ridhk l<ukdlrKh

i|yd há;, myiqlï iy ;dCIKhka i|yd wjYH wdfhdackh lsÍï

j,g" iïm;a wNHka;rj Wmojd .ekSu i|yd yelshdjla ke;'

ksis mßÈ SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu i|yd Tjqkag hï n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla

we;akï" Tjqka ld¾ñl yd uq,H myiqlï ndysrj ,nd.; hq;= fjhs' fï

ksid ridhksl iqrCIs;;dj fjkqfjka lemù isák rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk"

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6. SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu i|ydld¾ñl yd uq,Huh iyfhda.h


42

zwm Ñria:dhs ixj¾Ok ,nd.kafka kï( ÿmam;alu iy f,v frda. ;=rkalsÍu udkj fi!LHh yd mßirh ÈhqKq lsÍu" ish¨ ixj¾Ok uÜgï j,

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lrk w;ru rfÜ fi!LH yd wOHdmk moaO;shg o wu;r úhoï iys;

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wvqlsÍfï W;aidyhkag ndOdjla úh yel'

Wml%ñl keUqre ùfï wruqKq" nyqmd¾Yúl yd oaúmd¾Yúl ixj¾Ok

iyfhda.S;d wdh;k iu. tAlrdYS ùu SAICM me;srekq m%;sm;a;s ie,eiau

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leu;s iy msßisÿ l¾udka; ̂ Cleaner Industries& iy ;dCIKhla lrd .uka

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f,i jeäl, yel'

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yd mßir weu;sjre meßia kqjr § uqK.eiqKs' fuu iuq¿j w¨;a m%;sm;a;shla

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olajd we;' SAICM l%shdfõ fhoùu UNDP u.ska iyY% ixj¾Ok wruqKq


43

j,g iïnkaO lrk w;r hym;a ridhk l<ukdlrKh" iyY% ixj¾Ok

wruqKq mokï lr.;a m%;sm;a;s yd ie,iqï j,g iïnkaO lsÍfï fuj,ï

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ke;s tajdh' hym;a ridhk l<ukdlrKh b,lal lrf.k kj f.da,Sh

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flfia kuq;a úYd, wdOdr rgj,a lsysmhla fuh ksfIAO l,;a" wfkla

hdka;%Khka È.gu lrf.k hd yel'


44

SAICM j,g tlÕùu" hym;a ridhk l<ukdlrK wruqKq j,g m%fhdackhg

.ekSu i|yd ixj¾Ok iykdOdr wruqo,a tlareia lsÍug kj yelshdjla

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i|yd kj GEF Focal Area fyda ta yd iudk cd;Hka;r me;slvla idohs'

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fhoùu i|yd w¨;a iy wu;r wdOdr ;sfnk nj ;yjqre ùug lghq;= l,

hq;=hs'


45

SAICM j,g tlÕùu" ridhksl yd wfkl=;a úI øjH j,g ksrdjrKh

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Yla;su;a lsÍfï wjia:dj imhhs' hqfrdamSh md¾,sfïka;=fõ REACH m%;sm;a;s

m,uqfjkau újdohg .ksoa§" md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrfhl= yd REACH wdrïNl

ks¾udKlrefjl= jk Inger Schorling zREACH – hqfrdamSh ix.ufha ridhk

m%;sm;a;sfha ryia j,g we;s tlu uÕfmkaùu - isÿjQfha l=ula o iy wehs @

$REACH –The only Planet Guide of the Secret of Chemicals Policy in the EU-What Happened and Why1Z kñka u. fmkajqula ieliSh' REACH i|yd

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f.k taug f.da,sh isú,a iudc j,g we;s yelshdjhs'

igyka1 http://assets.panda.org/downloads/theonlyplanetguide.pdf

7'0 ks.ukh


46

2008 ckjdßfha§" cd;Hka;r rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk 6 l ksfhdað;hka1

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www.ipen.org/campaign u.ska ,nd.; yel' fmdÿ ksfõokh iy rdcH

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47

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mj;sk yd w¨;a uq,Huh wdOdr bÈßm;a lsÍuZ11 wjYH úg Èßu;a lsÍug¦


48

• zYlH;dj j¾Okh" md¾Yjlrejka i|yd hym;a ridhk l<ukdlrKh

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lsÍug o¦Z14

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ridhk ms<sn| f;dr;=re yd oekqu ,nd§ugZ lemùu¦Z15

igyka1' fuu cd,hka jkqfha¦ Health Care Without Harm (HCWH); the International

POPs Elimination Network (IPEN); International Society of Doctoß for theEnvironment (ISDE); Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF); and theWorld Federation of Public Helath Association (WFPHA).

2' SAICM vqndhs m%×ma;sfha 7 jk mßÉfPaoh


4' SAICM Overarching Policy Strategy 13 jk mßÉfPaoh

5' SAICM Overarching Policy Strategy 7 ^c& jk mßÉfPaoh

6' SAICM Overarching Policy Strategy 14 ê& jk mßÉfPaoh

7' SAICM Overarching Policy Strategy 7 ^f& jk mßÉfPaoh


9' SAICM Overarching Policy Strategy 14 ^j& jk mßÉfPaoh

10' SAICM Overarching Policy Strategy 10 ^b& jk mßÉfPaoh

11' SAICM Overarching Policy Strategy 19 jk mßÉfPaoh

12' SAICM f.da,Sh l%shdldÍ ie,eiau" úOdhl idrdxYh" 8 î& jk mßÉfPaoh


14' SAICM Overarching Policy Strategy 16 ^g& jk mßÉfPaoh



49

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fuu ;yjqre lsÍu [email protected] fj; tjkak'


50

www.ipen.org/campaign

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wdh;khgÛNITAR&" Environment Canada "iaùvkfha mßir wud;HdxYhg yd wfkl=;a whg

ia;=;sh mqolrhs'


51

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úI ridhk øjH u.ska ñksia fi!LHhg yd mßirhg jk ydksh je,elaùug we;s … Guide... · 2013-11-27 · úI ridhk øjH u.ska ñksia fi!LHhg yd mßirhg jk ydksh je,elaùug we;s l%shdrduqj