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NOTES

ON

KARRI FORESTSMade during

A M IN ISTERIAL TOUR OF' In J anuary-February,

INSPECTION

l9l7.

I ,ri F l"r' la ' ' ! | " '

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By C. E. LANE.POOLE,

Conservator of Forests.

PERTII.BY AUTIIOI,ITY: T.'HI)), lvIT. SIMPSON: I;OI'trfN}IENIIi PIiINTTB,

1 9 1 7 .

These Notes have been reprinted from the .. West Australian,"

tro whioh psper the matter was eonhibuted, by interview, sfter the

Ministerial Tour.

It is hoped that thcy may be ol sefyice to delegates to the Inter-

Stst€ Forost Conierence, during thoir inspection ol sorne of the

sountry traversed.

c. E. LANE-POOLE,

Conservator ol Forests.Perth, November, 191?.

ueoq sErl otrrl d€NIrBr aql Jo aprs rloBo Eo ?ar€ us lspdsr€a.t aEos lrod 'paoqou oq ol u€5oq ia,lroq oql Jo 1tro,ll oql puBrporordw( qErJ€f oqt 'uo po.tournot e,t\ sy 'sod"oso oerl Suno,l arl]lE!l+ sosBo l€uo-rldooxo ,&o,t uI .{Iuo st }r srBa-,{ o^g .ro JnoJ ,fra^o ,{4-unoo aqJ q8no;ql oF sorg qsnq oql oafiS .plo sr€o,{ erg ro.rnoJ stoo4 ar0 uorlr\ slooqs StrIp€el oql go Furu.rnq sarg oql dq posnEo a;r€asoqJ punoJ5 oql uoJJ: laoJ 0I :ro 6 le slsl,lr.l pu€ s{ur{ poaorlss.Surld€s 8uno,{ aqJ sopts II€ uo uoos ocl o} s€^! mqmq qe.r,ref uo

ssEI.{ ESnS Jlo sJcg,f,ilE AYSoql Jo

oDuopr^fi 'Sfil1no olod roJ floloslp€or dnurfuE]i\I aql uo uoos eq o1a.r€ s? qtns sEarB oprss Suqlas ,{q po^los oq {eu leq} ouo sr s}soroJrno Surloldop lnoqll,r selod rll-r$. serllroq+nE qdEJ.SoloJ qlleoa{uour-uIoC oql Sudlddns Jo uolqord oqJ '!!ou solod sE lno ue4e1 Sureqa.l€ sSoI flru arnlnJ Jno ?"rll sutsou lr roJ 'rols€srp sllods snlJ puE'sEaJp JrqIirg. qr €! oql Jo ?Eoq oql EorJ 5uruo, eJ€ solod rld"J8-olo! aql luasard ly onlE,\ I€roods Jo ar€ EsoJoj osoql rsolod rld€JB-opl roJ: spuErtrop SursBaJrur-roaa oql SuIaoS 'poortr olod Jo .tIEr€@polsrsuoo deql 'laads" Jo Uos Jo lEaprD" oluos q8llorql,iioqulll oFr€I ou Jo alllq .8urur€luoo rJood eJa.!\ qFflorqlposs€d old. q€ Et Jo EsaroJ €q+ lsrg lll ,p€oi dnmrfu€.J Iorll SuolE ud\olo8plrg Eo4 ql[os orl? JoJ ?no palr€]s o]!\,,-: prBs Jol€dJastroJ aqi[, (uosmqou J U rW) s]sorod pu€ spooA.roJ ro:Jsruq^I oql {q pop€oq,t$€d E qlr,{ fu"d@oo ftr1se11-qtrnogoql Jo slsoroJ oql q8norql .:rnb1 lueae.r srq Jo o.rrlduosop sluou-ol?ls Jo sauos Eu4soialul uB oq ol sosrEoral lEqA Jo lsrg oq+ op"m(elood ou€T 'tr 'C rru) Esorod Jo rollr^rosuoC aql ,{Eprols6r(

''I'Illtl^[I\vS

IMS I '0N (INV (IVOU dnLtlIfNVIif[ UHJ'

'JUOJf,U ,SISSUOJ JO UO.I-USSNOC

'NOITC gdSNI TVISETSINITII

'IUJr{OOC Ussil[IJ sHJ,

+

used to supply hbwn sleepers for export Thj boles :f

the trees t*i'"- loog and straight, and rle rapidly left the

pole forest behi[tl and came into gooal second-class country'"t)n arrival at Manjirnup rve were met by Mr' Dean, ihe rnar-

ager of No. l Staie sasmill, vho tooh us by ltis locomotive to the

mill. On this jourrrey 're came upon the ffrst karri trees, lmt un-

fortrnately -o"t of ih"ot haiL been ringbarked lt appears^that

a fe.u years back an attenpt was made to setile this part ol the

countrli and nany thousantl acres of glorious harri, running up

to 60 and 100 loads to the aere, rvere ringbarked The settienent

did not come, and to-day tlrc forest is re-covering the eountry;

young karri ti'ees are tal.ing a firm iroltl once more lt will, hort-

"t"","b" u long time befote these ate flt for the mill, and frotr a

settler's standpoint the general sonditions of the co{ntry are {or'ge

nos than urev rvere originally. Nothing is so depresslnE ns the

sight of acres of Nhat Nas onee rnarketable karri

ST . \N D INC \TT f lTE . \ND DEAD '

It rvas only a short time afler the ringbarking was effected that the

mill vas erected, and all tLis tim}er might have conte to tlte saw'

As it is 1\'e had to tra\. el some distance before we came to the mill

and the live timber. After luneh rve rvent oler ihe mill, Mr. Dean

explrrining tbe variols sal's an'tl the maehinery ancl the methocls

of clealing rvith tire sarrn timber and the {aste. Mr. Robinson rras

mu(h strtek bv the lerJ wide spans supportine thc roof of Ure

nrilli tlese arc entirely of jarrah. It is argued in Pertt that jar-

rah is unsuitable for a beam or,er a long unstpported span, ald

that orcgon must be used, but here not oDly vele janah beams 50

feet lpng and withott supPort except at the walls, but they aciually

carried rlriling rvheels and other machinerv tsed for the sa-rv rvotk,

J ius's tables show clearly enough what splendid timbers we havein j a r rah and t a r - I i . b r r r a . i . i t Lo a m i t l r vhe re onp mav sec f o r

birnself nhat strength there is in orrr tim.bers constitutes a lessonthat lernains indeliblv fixed in the mind. A r,isii rtas made to tlleporvellising plant, l.hich consisted of three lats, eaeh holcling nine

trucks of 120 sleepers each. TJre powellising af present is beinstcarried out at Bigi Brook, so that this plant has not been used fol

some time. The mill itself l'as not r"unning, this being the holidavtime, and the staff *'as busily engaged in going oler the rvhole plant

ancl effeeting tbe necessary repairs. In this connection it was in-teresting to note that NIr. Dean had iliscor,ereil in the common localpipcclav a most cltrable mortar for bis ffre bricks. We passed on tothe stoeks of titrber, which consist mainly of jarrah, all of it ordersl'hich have been completetl, btt for which Urere is no ship to takethem a$'ay.

"Ilaving inspected the mill and yard, we tralelled ort by thelocomotile along the tramline to the fallen' eamp. On the road

"'qlnotrlJo ?.ro,r -,(q -,tlolos pallorluoD puu peprrls a.r€ surea] oqJ auosnolp.lJuur E sr sttq^\ aq] ,Eunls ssol 5rq oql sur^\EJp soslorl Josureo+ orll Jo tq:irs eql roJ tpr€,\|oJ Suroti 1ou sr,Surlreq Jo {.ro^! oqllEri+,(Id € s-r lI 'so

l p€o.iq rraql qI.\! ltop ol roltruEq rqBols Bsr)ir,l +f saolloJ lJ€rU pue so{ods Irr"-I ro lr€D} pu" so^Eu ?r€n}qlr.,' apElu oro Xoril pu" ralolnErp ur 'lJ6 arB o[ros Jo slooq,{r oq]:azrs rroql Jo Eopr oll?rT o^rq uBc surrqa 8rq osaq! uaos +ou a,lBrloq^! osorlJ 'lrBr orll ol dmnls aql urorJ s8ol orll lrEr o+ posn or€rlr.l.r sorlr\ dqr pootc iuL[ oqtJo pu,r d'll ]B SorpuEl rfnq dql ty'la)lrEur u€ado]ang oql uo,{l?uau€urrad roqurl srql lnd ol rouors-sruuroC opEJJ roqurJ alq€deD ? sorrnbor ,ilEo lr puE 'orrB)s os aiaspoo,1\prcq rcl.t .$ou pLro,^1 plo d ll ur .ld)lJBro -ipBo.r E pug plrorlsroqlnrl Frnltnrls-rodns alq€nlE^ e rlous l pogrlduraxo IIod! oroq sr

,IO)IIIYI{ NYgdOUlltr IIHJ NO IUAY)I +)NIJJSC

Jo ,\|SSo,AU oqJ 1r {rO^1 O}

IItlI .rorllouE roJ ruoo.r lou sr araql lErll Jood os sr raq r! srq+ JoJ

leryBu orl? pu€ tr.IrE>l .8uqln, arB clnpEuftf lr auo oril pu€ 1oor8Srt{ lu sl[Iur or!r] orlJ pa{.ror! Srroq }ou sr?i( IIrm oql ol osolcItrrlunoc poraqurrl dII,tEerJ Jo €axB Srq sull lsq] os 'qr.rr€l Sur]-ln, ,,(luo s",!,L llur oql ltsqt J€aq ol pesrrdrns o.ro,[ a,r\ pue rsluers

palod SuoI prpuelds '..rec1urr1 rJJE{ Jo solur o.r} q8norql poss€d o.$

FROM WILGARRUP TO BIA BROOK.

Continuing his description of the forests visited bY the Min-istedal pa. y on its recent tour, the Conservator of Torests { l\fr.C. E. Lane-Poole) states:-

"The morning of January 5 saw th€ party ofl Jarnadup. llrer,r.ere met by Mr. Lyall, manager of the Wilgarrup l-imber Co Hismill has been closecl down sinee April 24, 1915; the timber stoc'kswhich consisted entirely of Jiarri, wele inspectecl. 'Ihe rvar, whiehhas almost brotght the timber industry to a, stand$till, has nlsotarghf the millers a losson regarding karri. This timberwts vontto be regarded as useless, because if it was block-staclietl for iwoIears or so in the damp so[th-i'est country, it \vas attac](erl by arot fungts, which rapidly

CONVERTED l\roorj 'ro PUNI(."The saw millers had been to deaiing with jarrah, a

iirnber rvhich is lemarl<abl5'bad tteatment. I t took a mauused to the easily rotted pines of

so that a current of ail passesseasoned anil sound, auil are notfore leaving this point I want bo

ancl stanils a good deal ofNe*' Zealand, who hacl beencorntry, to shorv the timbel

them, ancl they becomeby the fungus rot. Be

it qtite clear that the facttherefore prove it to be

majority of timbers tsecl.

men o l lVe ' l e rn A r r s ( ra l i a ho r r r o l ooL a [ t e r ' a r vn ] r a r r i . A l l t hekarri at Jamadup and Big Brool< h[s norv been strip-stacked, thatis to say, strips of lin. l;ths have\been laicl between the timber

t ha t a t imbe r i s noL du rab l c docsuseless. Ther'e are, indeed, r'ery felr' in the world whichnte dur+ble in the glound, and thefor constr[ction work are perfectly rslless in fhe ground. Wcst-e rn A r r s t ra l i a No I l d havp appe r red t \ I ' a vo t es t cd r rp r t imb r r .as fenee posts, and a timber that not make a post wa!regarded as a useless timber. Karli has suffered by baving srrch

I a duralle cousin in jarrah grorving alongside it. A use eal be

lfound for every timber, and l<arri cannot be beaten ft,r general'

superstructural work. The Wilgarrtp Co. have qnite a qtantityof karri flooring, ancl Mr. Llall ,i.as able to show us this stuff laidtlown in the Jarnadtp hospital floor. It had stood up wonderftllyu'ell, and made an excellent floor. I had expected it to work lpa great deal mo'-e foughly than it did.

"The Jarnadup m l has perhaps sonie of the longest karristlingers anal bearns of any mill in Western Australia, and here

d[nJar€a uaoq o,r]q BoJ€ oldur€s € no soo.rl orlJ .lI op ol srEo_{ 0gIa{etr qolqa pu" .ulg 'lJZ

Jo roloE€rp e qoBor qorqr\ .oDu€rd Jo q?nos

aql Jo spoo^\ {€o lsoq oqt Jo qbor.E oq+ 01 sr{l o.reduo3 .f1;rea ossarnl€rrr qorql! prr€ Ilo^r os JJoslr sa+erouasar qJrqA ErleJlsny aprEnopoo^tprEr{ € rllr,[ pglureubrE locr rIIB I

.sr8a,{ 0g punor9 oJaq,rt]

-oclos lnd oq dtrul rprqa e.Be d1.rro ue l€ dlrJnl€u rla€al IIrt! lr l€ql+uaur?Borl lernlFrr_{Irs rodord qlr^r N€ql ?qnop olllrT sr araql ,sr"o,{

ur popr€un ozn srql tl1 ,ror,B Ilr,td. r.rrr4 31 :uew ,tq pa-,(orlsap

SNOIJIO\OC i[SSEO,{ trHJ HSI'ISYJSS-SU

prr" Jloslr alErolla,Eor or€ds Forls,{.ro,r r ur 1ir,r1l rolsoroJ oql ,{q popGun uo^o pue i{olrb dlq€{;r€Eor sr rrrB{ Jo.p^!or.b orll llrql i(oqs doql roJ l8orlsorolur o:.lr so:ln.Eg osoqJ .lrlnutre

..,.r1r.! ."d lJaJ Jrqna gZI l€ lrlo s{ro,{\ o.rc€ ouo uo dfiBnuu" u,no.r8 seq

( rlorq^l raquq Jo lunoruB aSB.ro,\B aql ,]iBs ol sr +€rll r+uauroDut orJts

Sl.g, - l"nuon oeeu aqr.sreof 0h lE ! SuLleJ ..reo,r ;1 poe 0t uad\\lrq

sEd a.b€ rlaql l€ql pa,4eor{s saor+ orll Jo iaqlunu € ruorJ }no suor}oasJo rrorlEotrrrExo uv laoJ orqna lg0,q s€$ a.raB rod sluoluoD ,rcluop1o1 aq; .qFrF .ult .lJI ol qryr8 .lJI luo;rJ Fur8ue.r searl 96

!t11ir8'ulol .tJI ()1 qlrrb^ .urq .lJI Ino.rJ SurSu€;r soort 69

,qlJr5 .ur9g .1j3 o1rllrl5 'ulII .!JI mo.rJ Fur.Etr€.r seo.r1 6c

,q1;rr8 .".g 1gg o1 qlr.F urg

.tJA uorJ 5ur.Bu€r soo;rt gZ,q}l€.ulg.!J, ol qFr.E.urg.lJt ruorJSu,r5ue.r soorl 6Z

rrlFr5 .ma g .ug ol rllrls ."16 1i1 dJ.,g

-Fulauei:

saorl gz oJB ororll l€ql parroi{s 1r Jo uo)i€? llrom.orns€oru eqlpu€ prrllor_:j oql Jo^o ll€ r;ure1 3o do.:ra eug € spu"ls ararlt ri€p_oJ.€orB aql ioJ por€r. .{B^\ ,tu€ ur Jo po}E.\rlF, ptsrl u€ru oII uoqr!!€rurs Ellalqr0 .rtr\I dq pos€rlrrrd sE.jd ooBld oql g/gl uI .oEoq "llllrq pue .pu€l

Jo sor'€ €E oruos paqsnold pEE perual, orl o.roE-druro{ruil slr uraorr{ uoql s€^! lr luorl€ls olll€c reouord srq pefrol iorJoT .{aaJnoC aO ."rtr{ ,{q uosorlo lods oql s€.\j. lI .Fqrlsaroltrt

lsou sr IIrH uJ">I Jo ,{roqsrq arlJ IIIH r.r.rBx ol [E.aa rno apEr. a4!pBor 0q1 5ur^Eal os pult 'u"oo .-rtr[,{q poqddns.tlpur{ usaq p€qqrnlr! .sasJoll olpp€s xls punoJ o^! ,e8pr.rq eq1 1€ po^rlJy .rorrr.udn.r€aqduu€qC oq+ roJ J€o iq fJoI o^\ uoourolJ€ lBql _,{Ir€q,,

'uo oltroo ()1 rJr€{J:rl doJ, +xou eq1 .rog Surllz,\.l. oq o1 luoas ^!ou plto^t srou$.o aqldlrurrrr\ oql ur sur.r€J oql Jo tsoor Jo olEts oq! ,{q Surspnf .lle_,{1'rJ\J ol requrrl oql Jo osodsp ol olq€ o-lo$ s.rol?los oql pnE r.{rlunoJ

_rJJ€{ Jo I€op poos € pal€uarl€ {o€cl sr€of, :!\aJ € Jo luoulolllaspolzuoJJ erJJ u00s aq ol a.rord oarl oql Jo suouroads aug.fto^ otrlospu€ 'ur€{

lnq Surq,}ou Surllno sr lllul or{J .s.8sz-Brz Iq olqrssod s€rionBr s€ uolorq or€ sopBdJ oql +rq? lo€J oq+ Jo olrds uIraml arllSuoIE drBssocou sr Surlrl€q {d€oq {ro.! ouos rlarr lrurrod 8urlllrtr,!!€s oql paloodsur o^\ a^rlolllcaol ,tq IIIUI oq} .8uL€aT .sosodJnd

I€rnlrnrls Suo.r?s JoJ spoo,rpl"q l€oo{ rno Jo osn oq} tlr uossal

l€orlrts.rd p sr 'dnunflt€J{I uo solorr ,{Er ur pauorluoul I s€ .ur€.oB

. o

labelled. aud it is intended to remeasure them at intervals to ascer-

rain the varyiug rate oI growlh l ' tom norv on.

aThere was plently of evidence of the damage caused by flres,

many young trees had been burnt and killed and many of the younger

ooes ha,l.ecei.'ed permaneat injury to the lower part of theia trunks'LeavinE Karri I{ill and led by Mr' tI. S. Broekman, whose know-

ledee o1 the wholb of ihis eountry is remarkably ffne, we macle our'

way along the edge of the karri forest, erossed Boggy Gully, antl

"o ott to Big B.ook, a distance of about 10 miles throu'gh the forests'

Owing to the clense ancl almost impenetrable growth of karri thicket,a legriminous scrub whieh grows to a height of 10 or 15 ft, and ha6

a pietty flower, it u'as nesessary to skirt the karri eourriry proper

.ttd k""p to the jar:rah ddges. Evety now and then, however' we

"urnu opon splendiil areas of karri standing like pillars in some

Ereai catheclral. Before we reached the Big Brook Road, the forest

fi"to"" *u" spoitt by the sight of a large block of ring-barked karri'.

it rvn" n ..".y old seleetion, and therefore, unlike the Governmentring-barked areas near Manjimup, whieh I mentioned in my last

notis, there was perhaps more excuse fol this vandalism The

settter would su"nr to b" doing little or nothing with the bulk of

the lancl, hon'ever, and he might just as well have left the timber

alone, for the present condition of the regtowth is worse thar thevirg:n forest from a farming point of view. Arrived at Big Brook,

whieh is ofhcially ealled Penberton, we rvere eomfortably lodged in

one of the well-built cottages of the rdlling village "

pJ.{oJjsdp Jdqurr I aqr pue pdleudLLn uduq d.\PrL crqr ot JElrErrs {llrexdsBor€ a.8r€I 1o,{ pu! 'olqlssodufi Iuoas plno,!! roqurl Jo cloJD € {r€oqos 8ur&r.rra {;qunoo g:o roq?uollv loal l?rcgJedrs 000'09€

',{Bs olsI 1€rl+'009 u€rll ssal ou ol pa]unour€ so.rrp uo,\os #o uo{€+ roqull]

Jo speol Jo roqluntt a{l sB 'lsoialul i€lncr?r€d Jo sp,\r srqJ 'aor"

lno lnJ llBmc rdrlrJrlJ I pdrr)ud ddrlsdroJ ur5.n.\ Jo crsBo :Iql Jolno puB uo 5ursse.1 s1e:1rr.r ?oS ̂!ou puts €rm€z ol ua{E} ptsq ol}}lrcaql pu€ 1no uol€o snloq rloq+ u-r pollnsa.r p€q Suqaols ra,ro a{l lnqrsfep f,1.rca aql ur srlo.rournu arour ora.!! ,{aq} jpoal {rols poo8 aro,\\

llol aro^! otrr rlorqr\ Jo oruos'sroquqa Jo roqu u E oslr ar1r ararlJ

.. +rl.rrlt,, pue ..lnzBq.. !rI:crl rrrsl r!IoI|.rl drlr djelu ol qrEdfl drllpoPru€aqr.roll orll s€rl qEql ,ft+ullor plo aLJJ ur {Eo oq} o>lrT lnq

'plnotn

;rood 1nc1 seleu 'sa,\€al lddle)no 1p o111 ';ea1 rJrB{ orlJ sr1nnq oq}

cln alem qorl,r so^Eol lJos oq+ ]o rilnq orll ,{lddns 1€rll sr lr doql

.SJSSUO,{ trIIJ OJ OIY tr'I{YO'IY'\

trsom aq+ are srl+NorBJapun asoqJ uEur{torfl S 'H rI{ ,{q u^loull Isoruru IEurSIloqE o.\€rl ol porraddr qrlll^! Jo Ill

'[0,[ s€ sqnrqs Irdqlo r ordrDI r JJod\ dJdqJ lrlJlludld se\\'JedJ dlrl-\'elruc s.rr ll(l\,,'?o)prllJ, IJru>I,, puE 'a:raql pu€ aJaLL uoos sr,\\'orqlJ ssBq stlorlsaug u splod qrrq,( !.'au1[u€g:,

'uourtllo, ]sour sEr! rrloz€IlJr orl]

sd€rFad {orrl^\ Jo palnosnrdgr sarJods l€la.\as aral! aroql qdqlq lJqlo+ dr socEIcI ur s€^! LruB sosrorl oL[+ o.\oqe poo]s rL],$oJ5rapull oqlo.raH soullrrBr+ :raqtrlrl orll Jo orr!] uoo,!\laq A"l l{rlrld\IJ:(P-I urSrr-\ Jo qtl€d € ssoJr€ apor ai!! 'stll 8ur^Bo.I

'i(lrBp poIIoJ oq +srlrl ]oal lerrgradns 0il0'081 Jo lBlol € Suun-sEatu ssol lsrql .{lddns o1 pue ',tep lirara Joqurl ur\"s Jo ?aoJ l€Itg-Jadns 000'09 ?ro urnl lFr! foq] o[rrt IlnJ 8ul{ro,r orB qloq uoqld'f'es o1 sr 1eq1

r,{Bp rod spBol 0q llo r(llo?dt, B tlcBo or\arl slFru o^\}osarlJ uo].Iaq[red 1€ alrs atrrEs aq] uo pa.]€Illrs qloq oJB slltu^{Bsol€ls I oN pup z,oN

'lr'ldlno JrolLl lrrE sllru{ aql lnoqB Sulq}ourosd€s ol [o$. arl llr,r\ lr Xr]uuoa lr1o Jnr srq] Jo uor]rpuoJ oql Surqut-sap oroJog sroari oo;ttIl 16ECI arll Swrrlp raro lllc o^Brl sllru,{\EsatrElS t pu" 6 oN lerll X;rluuoc g.o €ar€ orll ra.\o epo.r tuopaqure4 gooFEIF^.6-ur rm olLl sur,\eal'dlrnl{ lEuolsrrq,{ aql 9 d.r€nuuf uO

-:?ar4srp {oor{ 5rg aql Jo uor}rodsfi orll rlll.{\ slBop olcrlrB sur-^!olloJ orl+ ur !(aloo.I auE.I rI{ ) slsa:roJ Jo .rol€MosroC orll rsEorB

raqru4 aql o] (uosurqotl rI{) sauq{ roJ ro:}slurJi\I orl} Jo lrsri luaaaraq? oI SurlBlar slrodat Jo so as oqurlsoralur srq 8umur1no3

''tclursl(I xoous oI{ sHI

10

lVe leturned to Big Brooli tirrougll a [arrow belt of jarrah andred gum timber. The eontrast betrveen the giant karri and thoappar€ntly d*'arf jarrah was rernarkable, an(:l yet the janah hercr,r.as preitv good. X{r. Dean pointed out to us a number of clean,straight-bolecl reil gums and erplained that he had been experiment-ing in saling this species, and h&d met Nith srrcc€ss. having re-cor,'ered no less tl\an 50 per cent. from one tree. Red gum timberlrvhen free of gum reins is a ntost beattiful anil a r'ery sirong wood.lThere \,ould seem to be a region of gum-free red gums in this partof the courtry. This somervhat bears out a iheory I have held forsome time, viz., that the gum leins are partly, if Irot entirel]', eausedb;' fires. In the karri country the lires only come along at very rareinterr.als, and it is thus possible for a red gum to escape scorehing,a thing t'hich cannot occru firrther north, wihere the ffres comethrotgh er.ery ferl years. The colour of recl gum timber apptoxi-mates le'-y closely to Austrian, Amelican, or Japanese oalr, forrvhich rvhen made up into furniture in a style which his Exeellencythe Governor General at a n:reeting of architects in lfe]botrne, de-scribed aptll' as "ptblic horse Eothic," flnds a ready sale in Perth,Given enough gum-free red gtrn, it should be possible to keep ouithe alien oak arld .it the same time supply the people of themetropolis rvith a better timber. T fear, hower.er, that rve shallhave to label it oak.

. l(

-,1.

.orlJ a-\oclB o.rour pull laaJ oqA suNoD +iSr1 -reqqtr puu rrlsr.rJ] :I?rlo:rsllt oos o+ {rou srrl oue;ra ol p rl ouo }r?tll q5rq os ch Surrs.rolslrrals IJJlr){ alrrl^\ anlq E} lo }lue.r uo.I[ {urr pools 'aprs raqlra uo.'dr l'lno, rid .' ll -e ru -\ 'nrlertcrrI urdl.d.\\ ur rdd- I.,i .'\nrL

I oJnlrrd lso.roJ lsouU aq+ orirlr pouodo p?o.r orll illEuu lrup rroqllrrq

l.rru{ oLIl Jo lu,8nE' sLr.!! osdurri5 p urES€ puu ilou,\Ja,\o ulns fa,r arllrl norqJ ,{rlll1ro, roqorrl porlul ur spuoJ.lroql lno i"l ol olqLssod su.rEJ su ir] siE^{ltt s.roour;uo pEor aq} raalord ,{r}u[o, l.r;rB-.1 JrlJ Joa.rr1leu,lrlJ ol ,sur,\!o 1s]sn.rol trlrns por puB rJEn€t poxrw rl5ro;rr11 iu1pro.I alll rolll.lru sallu auros rod r|]Js lerrraflrmoJ € uo palsal aq,\uur lr lBrll aur[oqloJ,\r o] larlrJe(lsop unaq .\\ou sBrl {r€q oq} Jo uolu rluortrJftda0 sIIIl,[ ilrs o]uls oql lo uorlrlado-oo orl+ o] s{urrlJ'sdsodrrld uorlpllsur luE Sur{rEd roJ ,I.rEq atl:} go sarlqrqrssoc{ cq1 fq

{tn.r+s rlrnur aro^\ Jr{os sp.\\ srrll Jo splrno.I ;\\oJ ? rroq,\\ oJ aurlloqlal\lr. urrU Y .rrirl .tl Jo d.rl|lriu.iIrn., iJd., dLl ,' r rr.n.r.r'j |l4 [,d.rr;oJar rilrsBo sr Dull

lEulJBnsrt aL:\J:J t sr lr luq ru,$ou)l

Jou sr sorJadssnll lo aurBu rllrJads irLJ uuriulsuJ .rc rlEo drur.\\s orl] sr ,\rJunotr.nlll olll rll PuuoJ aq o+ sr lBql aar] rdrllouy .loqrnrt alirqsp auj] tsppl,t lr pur'+mu.rrddod orll o] polElo.r ilasol, sr,)orl .rBpo,) ariJ,

'Jsi{uod IuttY-Y Jylluc sEJsfuEls puno.r.slrlrq ar11 ur a1rl.u.'s.reiro;)

,(rl sr ]t su pasulrJ rlrlsrs prpuoTtLs r sl nj i rarrJ aq.1, pa5pr;rc1illr;ssaacns sE,\! drs erl] '.ra(lurr:]

Jo sLLuls outos fo l]rp atl] rllu\tre,renoll sernld ur [a{o.rq ueacl ptrl ,8l{r1.iap o{+ pur 'olpprtL aqlur poJJor plq srosuuls IEra.\aS ,!+lE.rl IIa ,roJ snora5[Ep oq o] sE

-u€do,r Io oJBls 1l pEcl os rr srt! rlrnl.!\'i8pr.rq ua,lru;!! dllJ,osursso,r,ur -{lFrUJrp ortros pErl al\ ',)Juld

ln]rlnEocl srll Jo Lror}(lursap I1o^tol .(llulslrnlar qsDrrr T prIE rlspor arll sp:rE.\\oJ uo qsn.l o]'.ra.\i-!tor|ri.rrssarau sr qI rnolloq ol dot uro.r] ll ,rJ l1lr,\! Lraro-ro, sr rua.{

loo8 € trr qorqu rea.r1 lua.r[ruldeur u !r1,ro-N eq1 w oar] rEail I,qaFrrl

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fm? aruld sr.ll Jo sor| :raq irll uo alElrp o1 r1;rnur,{.re,r olrl Dl]lorls I'so,\rl ,\ou uEur{to.rfl mr]llll1\l .rI\ aro(lr\ lrrB

'uBur)Tto.rlI p.ftxfg'rI,{ dq sd€p iJrlrr aql ul paqsrl(lelsa l)lr.r}saurorJ plo anl)sorlurr(l oq}spupJs arorl,{! ruorrs- .ro-No.l aql o:} ,r1rr -ro}ou Fq r(E.!! rrarll aprrrlllrecl pmr sourlf roJ.raJsrur]\I rql tloo.rg Srfi ll{or} ;.fi].rE+S

: s,\\ollol s€ uar,rs-\! roNori orll :lo srr.)lqor(l orll llJr.\\ slrap'alorlre

{]rrloJ oqt r{r'slsaro,i[ ro ro]u.\.rasrcJ aql r{r+rrno, rrqrurleql ol (uosurcLou J lI rI,\I) siurJ\! .roj ralslr l, arl+ J., trsr.\ luata.ralll rllr.!\ .FurlEap solrl],rlr Jo souos Surisa.rrlnr srl Surnur]uoi)

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grounal. The cleanliness, straighiness, and elenness of the lioles anilthe almost total absence of small timber gale it the appearatrce ofa rvell ordered hardrvood forest in tLe old cou[try, tholgh no foresti n r ho o ld r r o r l d co r r l d bo l s o l 5 . r . h ma je "L ina l l y e i an t l r ees Tbeground was densely coverecl s'ith thieket hazel and the other under-growths which make up the karri forest and all these rvere a vividgreen colour.

Frorn tliis forest, l<novn as l)ombakup, it lvas a rapid and ratherrnpleasant ehange to come oLrt upon

TI{E -SAND PI,AIN COUNTRY,

'with its stunted gnarlecl jarrah and short-boled red gqms. Curiously

enoughr it is this short stunted jarral, that yiekls the most durable

fence posts of all. Old post and rail fences may be still seen in thisneighbourhood; tLre posts as sound as possible' in spite of the faci

thai over half a century has elapsed since theY vere erected. trVe

norv took to horses, and riding through Colonel Yailles's farm and:across the ford, rve gained the right side of the War"ren Ri|er once

more, anil leacbed tle rich slvamp lands, and the invadilg sand

drifts. Some years back these swanp lancls were reserYed from

alienation, the rieh qualitv of the soil Nas a])preciateal, an<l it was

doubtless hopecl that with the deYelopment of this palt of thetountry they woulcl be clrained ant'l utilised just as the swamp lanils

of the Stirling Estate ha|e been placed under intensive farming.

Though resen-ed against alienation, the5' were not protected against

the drifting sands which hgr,e been steadily marching landwardsyear after year, btrying the lanil lniler hundreds of feet of whitebarren sand. To shorv horv fast the grountl trar'elsr CLrlonelVailles has been obliged to nor,e his fence line back three

i imes i n I l r e l as t s i r yea r ' . T l r c n l d l e r rps e re aove rpd rp .

anil norv his last ereeted fence, he infonned us, rvas be_

coming covered, and he wolrlil hal,e to rnove it back again. No'obstacle is too big for the drifting sand to attack anal cov€r up At

tBorannu,., . n"ar Kcrr idale. may be 5een rvholp karr i rree" nngrrJlcd

up t o l l , p i r t opmos i b ranp l res . f hp rp i " a pe r fp , i l ) a r r l l r cn t i . s l o r y

oi a fn"*e" who got his wagon stucli on the eclge of the Warrendrift sands; he took his team home, intending to get bacL vith moreaninals as soon as possible. Something detained him, and on his

retum tluee *eel<s later the uaggon had been entirely coveretl np,

and from that dav to this he has not been able to recover it. The

PTTENOMENON OF DRIFT SANDS

is common to many 1rarts of the vorld. Both at Capetovn and atPort Elizabeth, in South Africa, the drifts attained enormousalimensions before thev were reclaimeal. Victoria has suffereal her.share of this trouble, and the old r,r'or'lcl has not escapedl in fact, the

i

sE,\\ llloula.\otrr slr,iur]\IIrE araN sarldclus rali].ru ou sl} ]rq'Sur]JRIsllrls su,!\ puEs aLlJ uorJlrrrlllr ]o lrulrl aq] l)uu auLrp orll uri$loq5u l prlEs Jo Borc ]sE-! aLL] o] uor]ua]]B srq paurn] oq 'paqsrTqn]-so sEA (lalt,rolrl aun(I), aliJ aruO Jr Surlruiil p{ll pues SurlJrrlsur )jur.ruq1 Jo -{.lradord .{JBllrpilop.rlxo aqJ sEll rlDrll,!! ssr,r6- B'ss8riur€,LrtJ,\I L[]r,!\ ,lpEru sllqJ ourp aqJ pa)ig oH raqirq pur rarlSrll urarlJ

IrosrrJ chr P.l,ro,\oJ ara,[ jaql ss .pua 'pups aq] otur s]a{rrd -lues oI{

.SSVUU I{VI{IiVIT ONY SJI{}1JId

:ro pll? all) rllr,\prp oq s[lJ ro-\o pLrB! nrlJ iLr,\.rrr]r fLrr.r all] lua-\atLL o] sr trLlbraqE qtrLs o1 0u1T lseoir alL+ nuolu oullp puBs lr Jraro ofl Es]r 'para\oi)-srP uor(l ilruls srLl auo ra]la(l oLL !uu'porlJou{ srF[ {ro]\\ !.ru_\troJ-lqnrPrls.\ln.\r}rru(Lruo, a(i lrllo,\\ ls;r.r tsql ,ur -t\Jlq pLrBs.torllrlu ou

Jl a,rorls Eos orL] Jt .zr.\ 'uor:J(larur slt +E lulrs nq] Jsor,rt ot] sEr\

(ials lsrll 0rl] lerLl pasrluar aIl >i.1o1'. oLLi Jo ]rpor.l arll anp sr .orlrq

lErl+ Jo sa.Sprrq ptIE spL2o.r Jo rni]uriua Jonl, ,rarl[o[rortL oJ .]rlo

Palr.rr, rllEtrli], roua sEr\\ spuBs 0lll Jo uotlEuLEiror puo [or]Exg oriJuo DI?p:lurll uo:rf L).!rE

'po ra,!{rrse sEr! \nBaprofI o}.1o.'url) oq} JlrllrsJI rll su.!\ 1I paurJua.rrl] sur\ J.Dt0p.rofl Io dJr, Jrot; arl] uarlapuE 'sa cls :{rari} Jo do} nl[] o] dLr parrnq ar.l.\\ srrl)rurJr tpollrL;

ua aror\ saSBI[-\ aLoll,N :-ctrreJ ,)q1 ro-\o sl.: ?t!purJ a.\oor o] ui?Soqsounp furs aLl+ prrl? 'x.rJtro,

1r:rt11n;r:r5e llrrr slrt\ ounp iql purrl-nq ,\roN .podorls,)p slr.\\ .unl iql :io ,ilrlrqsls aql luu

rsqnrrls otllpuE .n-tr(lrori alll {iu a}B r.trll :ir.!\ol }r oj{rr(i pulr ol{up orl} lo lsaJ,JLll rruolu pozE rij sl[o; prlu al]]E, i)riJ oruplllq aLLi tosdu s'rrulrlrlpur? {rols slll rl}r1\ uultr }llq

'Jrnl{rir lL}Ul .)rlt ur srrpJJE lo uorlr|uoraL{} sB,$ srlJ loo.r sorlul s+I.!ls t)ur:l suoorq sassPrn to uor}E}-o.ii'o.\ r Lruu

'porlsrl{lE:lsa I{arL] sr ouup rrr{l Jo rlrtrqu}s grlJ, lr ,ra.\o^!olq lou IJr.!\ uuus drll :]r?rlJ ]ll;rolL 1. rl;rus oJ (hl lFuq sr Jir:l Jsorlt]ulaql .ro uorsLr-\uLriqJ.l J sllla.\nJo ai lBoJ IE tlBu orrrcs lrlrnl

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.ro-\o :ur-$ol(l pulls irll.i !rlaJs ,\q dcls i)sr,r JIF]rlpErn_ isrlJ ua.Lrpt\!,rollorT i1lll Jo sourrP puss IJ uro.rJ -rnFolrssrp .\.E.\! rluE rrr lou arB pr{"':(uorsprJ

Jo saulll) Pur?s or|] 0rB slllq asdqJ purr\ Surlrt-\a.r(l nql olsolsur Jll5u iB ssdl ro arou a[rl E .;url[] luE .lll uarlo:rq soultafirospur aro(ls o\l rllt.r\ lollEru(L srulrJattlos sllrrl 10 urul[) u ul sa]8lnol-nou lr a;rlll^\ 'p.Lelprrul lr ,\rol(l liuB pues orlq dn aIEJ llrluully arllL[orI ur r\olq ]!rLt salE.J ]Ea.r,J aq] 'Lruus slroltllls auLI arotls orll o:] lloo*urJsEo ,illBnurluor sr r:as iql riuorsDrJ io )suoJ alll 5uol0 IIY

.orarll suorlrp-uo, i)rl] 0qrrrsdp o] rl o.\raLrLIi lll,\\ I uoIJutrllrlrJ,t ltrEs :lJI,rP r()saldurera orll l}1 ro s o[LE] ]sollr aq] s! sn11 sli seurt{ ,1o 1sa;ro;Lr rllrN P?ia.\oi $ puts Surll+ltls sauo su^t JrIl,!\ ]\[P ol l)uB ]lrEqar€a,{,iueur poddols sB,$ uorsu^ut or.l:} rol 'aroll]

}s!d sr a5ruots arl.l,'duorsEo

Jo sopuErl ot[] ur punoJ aq o? se$ ro sr Ils ro as?t ls.ro\

t4

Iess marlieil. llerc tLe reclamation rvork began, and this consistedof so*'ing a mixtrre of cluster pine seed anil seed of Marram grassand other sand-loving plants, such as broom and heath, on thesand imr'ediately behind the eoastal dune, and covering this withbranches of trees to prevent tbe seed being caryied awaJr vith anyshift of tle sand and the rvind. Throtgh this thatch of branchescame the pines anil Epasses ard took a firm root, while tbe rottingbranches gave humus to the bare sanil. So, line by line, lehindthe eoastal rlune, grew up a forest of pines, and these forests haveever since been rvorkecl on an intensire system, and have yieldedthe bulk of the turpentine of Europe, as vell as all the sleepersand a great part of the building timber of the south-west of }-ranee,

This short description of what $as clone in Franee on a largescale rvill show rvhat are tl'ie steps to talie to arrest drift sands,even on a small scale. Marrarn grass is tlle great aliy of theforester, and after that the eltster pine. With the Marram we fxthe sand, and rlith the cluster pine rve reclaim it. In Cape Colonythe Conservator of tr'orests (Mr. Ilutchins) canied otrt the Bre-montier nethod, and ffxed and reclaimed a large area of sand drifts,and behind the shelter of the pine belt are norv establisheil riehmarket gar.lens, which supply Cape Town with vegetables. Aninteresting poinf about the Cape reelamation rvork is that the com-mon IVestern rlustralian black wattle rvas used in lhe place ofbr-oom, and it ans,n'ererl r.erv well indeed as a sanil binder. TheWarren drift sands are

A VERY SERIOUS MENACE.

Mr. Castilla, some 1learc baek, drerv attention to their steadymarch onrvards. 'l'he farmers of the neig.hbourhood have been con-tintally complaining of the rvay the rich s.q'amps t'ere being in-vadeil, As $/e stootl on one of the smallest of the sand Datches.a l l h o c L , l r F , h J " a s a c o m p a r a l i \ e l v c 0 l m o D e , L l l c m o v o m p n l o fsand blorving along the surface lilie a ffne mist was clearly seen.The small hillocks of vegetation mas\ing a patch of srvamp land,soon to be engulfed, accentuatecl tLe barren immensitv of snoN*'hite drift sands,

The climate and the sand drifts of ihc Warlen countrv area lmo" l i L l pn l i . a l w i t h l bose o f Cas , ' on . r . The sa rne I ong , d r - v s r rm-mer, and the same gales of n'ind, and the same siliciots sand (ananalysis failed io find anythidg but the merest traee of lime).I l e re , as i n Cascony . i t shou ld be poss ib l e t o f i x r l r p sand andreclaim it, ancl convert those glafing Nastes into profftable pineforests. A staxt was made last winter, and a Mar.ram grassnursery \\ 'as o-rahl isbpd. rhe planrs bauingi been obtainpd iromCapel, rvhere sand-drift eonditions on a sm:r,ller seale existeil, andhave been praetieally arrested by this grass. It was a pleasure to

t l

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+nq JeFuoJ+s 41uo 1ou ere q€r.r€f pu€ rrr€{ oJoq^! posn eq 04 osEoaEoos rid. uo8ero tr"q? padoq oq o+ sr +I

')[ro^! I€r.nlrnrls-rodns roJ

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Jo oJ" fIEo s?sod aq+ olll]Ila'ur€{ |g:o e.re qedrouud oql 'p€J

Jo Jall"rd € sy q€i.r"[ s".1d llrur dnE I-I[u€] I uI posn roqurl oql 4tsql FuTf€s ur rorJo ur stsrd'L,-: solrrr!LoII 'IJT-E dnlfttdB] I Jo uoflon.r+suoa eq+ ur posn Jaquq oql o+sdouofoJsr B1q ol uo,rlooJror € SPpE slse:lqd Jo .rol€^rosuoc aqJ

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Jo epEqs looo oql olul {o€q 1o3 pu€ f.4unoo srql uo {otq lno urnl

,|

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FROM BIC BROOK TO NANNUP.

In the fffUr of his series of interesting articles, dealing lr'iththe recent r-isit of the r\finister for Nlines (llr. R. T. Robinson) tothe timber countr:y, the Conserlator of tr'orests (llr. Lane Poole)states :-

"Before lealing Big Brook l{r. Dean, l'hor while Mr. Proper-john is on leave, is acting as rnanager of the No. 2 and 3 Sta,tesal'mills, took the lllinister and pafiy orer these mills, The menhad onll' returned from their Nerl' Year holidays the night before,so that the rvork rvas not in full swing. Flo!ve\,er, rve rvere able

r t o see t l e I r u i t . a . c I ac to r v . and ro I ncpp . r l l r e mrc l i ne r5 . sau

lben r l r e - . t Le po r rp l l i r i n l p l an t . and Lb " f l oo r i ne hoa rd maab in ine'strop.

As I har,e stated in mv prer,ious notesJ the lvhole outprlt ofthe mili is being utilised to supply fruit cases, anal tbese are turnedout in all sizes, anil at a price that the fruitgror,er can haldly com-plain about. The collapsible cases are of particular interest. Thebotton, enals, anil sides are so pdt together that they hinge dorvn I1at.The orcha,rdist has only to open them up, rvhich he does rvitll tbeaid of an ingenio[s spreader, anal the case is readv for the fruit.No nailing is required except for the top. The work on these cascsis rvell finished. the wood is planed and rabbitted so that the com-

lllete article has an ercellent appearance. The cheauer eases ar'emarle up in shooks and bound togeiber t''ith wire. The wiring isclone'by a machine-a great improvement on the hand norli lyhicl-rnecessitated driling nails into tbe shoolis. 1'hi: porellising planfr,ext claimed olrr attention. It consists of six r.ats, that is to say,twice the size of the plant at No. 1 mill, and the boilers and mixinglat arc proportionately bigeler. Beyond the powellising plaDt rfecame to the llooring board nachining shop. There is no doubt thatkarri makes a very gooil looking flooring board. Tbe trolble thatI expecteal to see, r'i2., that the timber left the planer rvith a ratherrough surface, has been got over by putting the boards througl asand-papering machine, lr.ith the result that they have a very smoothanil goocl surface. The powellising liquor gives them an e\,en toneof colour also, rvhich is an aclvantage in a timber that laries froma light to a dark red brorvn. Shrinkage will, I fear, }e a cause olltrouble. This is onlv to be expectecl in a timber whieh crrries sohigh a percentage of moistnre as karri, and the boards will reqnire

1 an additional seasoning before they are useil. Some form of kiln

t { i

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ppo,\r Ja(Lftrl slql A.l loJo-roa saJce ppo rorllrur or11 leqt /;uana111as

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18

ibe denuded and farmed, This class A teselve, colering a paltry13,000 aer"s, would then be a resort where the botanical curiosity'called karri (eucalyptus diuersicol'nr) might still be obsewed

growing. A few miles furthel on rve came to a beautilirl gorge,where the Beedalup River falls in a series of cascatles to thc' lcvelbelow. Tho road has been cut out of the side of the hill, and theoverhanging r'hazel" aud. "kard thicket" brush the car alj lvego down, renrinding one of the narrow Deronshirc lanes. On theright the hillside drops precipitously into the gorge, ard g'limpses

of the river rushing over the rocks may be seen everl now andagain. The cotntry to the north has been reselveil as a.nationalpark, but, sad to relate, the beauty of the scene is marred by ihefact tha.t to the south or left-hand side of the road a bloch of land

, has been alienated, and the ring-barked liarri, vhite and dead,

i presents a sad contrast to the virgin tim}er and green uncler-r srowth on the other side.

By Authority: FRED. WM. SrM"soN, Government Printer, Pelth.