IPv6 – Implementation and Advantages

A.M. Jayasekara

N.U. Wickamasinghe

W.H.M.S.P.Wijetunge

W.G.C.W. Kumara

Aim

Identifying methods of IPv6 implementation.

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Content

•What is IP?• IPv4• IPv6•Methods of IPv6 implementation

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How many people use Internet every day ?

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• That is 2,267,233,742 (2.3 Billion) users worldwide

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32.7% of the world population

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How to identify these users ?How do we name them?

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That is where the Internet Protocol (IP) comes in !

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Internet Protocol - Definition

The principal set of procedures used for transferring data packets between

devices on a network-of-networks using the Internet Protocol Suite. SA

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IP

• An IP is used to ,

• Address each device connected to internet

• Regulate data transfer between devices

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There are two commonly used IP versions at the moment.

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IPv4 – Internet Protocol version 4

IPv6 – Internet Protocol version 6

IPv4

• Uses 32bit addresses• Which limits the address in to

4,294,967,296 (4.3 billion) addresses

• Limited security• No authentication or encryption at IP

level

•Most commonly used version

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However, By 2014, expected number of devices that are connected to the internet is estimated as 50 Billion.[1]

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That is 12 times more than current IPv4 can support.

[1] Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

So what will happen ?

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Do we find ourselves unable to connect to the internet via new devices ?

The answer – NO!

Reason for developing IPv6 is to address the IPv4 address exhaustion.

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IPv6

Designed to overcome limitations of IPv4

•Uses 128bit addresses• 340 Undecilion (3.4x1038) addresses

•High security• Data encryption and authentication

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Increased address space

Reduced management requirement

Better mobility support

Security

Features of IPv6

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How do we start using IPv6 ?

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Methods of IPv6 implementation

There are three main methods ,

• Dual-Stack

• Translation

• Tunneling

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Dual-Stack

• It operates both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously on the same infrastructure

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Simple,Uses

minimum resources

Some network

vendors and servers do not support IPv6

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Dual-Stack

Translation

• Converting IPv6 traffic into IPv4 traffic for transportation and vice versa

• Traffic is not encapsulated, it is directly converted to the destination type

• Two main methods are used in translate method

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Translation Methods

• Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT)

• NAT-PT method configure a translation of an IPv4 address into an IPv6 address and vise versa either statically or dynamically

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Translation Methods

• NAT64• NAT64 mechanism allows IPv6 hosts to

communicate with IPv4 servers

• The IPv6 client embeds the IPv4 address it wishes to communicate with and sends its packets to the resulting address

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Can deal with

different types of

protocols

Not a good option when

IPv4 uses NAT

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Translation

Tunneling

• Transporting IPv6 traffic through an IPv4 network transparently

• Few different tunneling methods exists for IPv6 SA

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Tunneling Methods

• Manual IPv6 Tunnels • Manually created IPv6 tunnel is configured

between two routers, that each must support both IPv4 and IPv6

• 6to4 Tunnels• It is IPv6 to be tunneled via IPv4• 6to4 allows for automatic IPv6-to-IPv4 address

translation, and treats the underlying IPv4 network as one big Non-Broadcast Multi-Access network

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Used on top of an existing IPv4 network

Hardware must support both IPv4 & IPv6

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Tunneling

Are we ready for IPv6 ?

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IPv6 Readiness

• Compatibility with IPv6 networking is a software or firmware issue

• The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) has suggested that all Internet servers to be prepared to serve IPv6-only clients by 2012

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IPv6 Readiness - Software

• Most personal computers running recent operating system versions are IPv6-ready• Most popular applications with network

capabilities are ready, and most others could be easily upgraded with support from the developers• Java applications adhering to Java 1.4

(February 2002) standards have support for IPv6

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IPv6 Readiness - Hardware

• Low-level equipment like network adapters and network switches may not be affected by the change• since they transmit link-layer frames

without inspecting the contents

• Networking devices that obtain IP addresses or perform routing based on IP address do need IPv6 support

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Finally what should we do ?

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Now, as available IPv4 addresses are almost over it is the time for ISPs, large and small companies and universities to start migrating to IPv6.

Based on the results of this analysis of the available technologies it is rewarding to migrate from IPv4 to IPv6 based on user requirements.

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Thank You

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