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I. GeographyA. Located on a PeninsulaB. Rivers, hills, and fertile soilC. Italy was in the center of the Mediterranean SeaD. Rome was in central Italy, near the Tiber River
II. BeginningsA. 900’s B.C Rome grew slowlyB. 600 B.C Etruscans took Control of RomeC. In 509 B.C the Romans revolted and regained control E. The Romans borrowed ideas from the Greeks and the Etruscans (alphabet/toga)
III. Roman RepublicA.Republic- citizens have the right to vote to select their leadersB. Senate was made up of 300 upper class men called PatriciansC. Plebeians were ordinary citizens who could not hold office or be senatorsD. Consuls were the two men that led Rome 1. Veto is when one leader voted against a action 2. Dictator was able to take over in emergencies for only 6 months
IV. Patricians versus Plebeians A. Patricians thought they were above the plebeians B. Plebeians thought the Patricians were unfair 1. Plebeians formed a group to protect their interests 2. They wrote a code of laws known as The Laws of the Twelve Tables (Equality) 3. The plebeians never gained the equality or power of the patricians
V. Master of the MediterraneanA. Roman expansion led to the conquering of Northern AfricaB. Conquered Carthage, Spain, Greece, & Gaul (France)
V. End of the Republic A. Patricians murdered the leaders of the Plebeians B. Individual leaders built their own armies and disregarded consuls decisionsC. Civil unrest and war between private armiesD. Julius Caesar came to power to unite Rome
VI. Julius Caesar Rise to PowerA. Caesar was leader of the Armies which conquered GaulB. He used his army to take over the senate and become dictator of the Roman world in 48 B.C.C. In 45 B.C. Caesar was the only consul and dictator for lifeD. He reorganized the government, however the senate thought the dictator was like a kingE. Caesar was killed by senators in 44 B.C.- civil unrest lasted for 13 years
