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I APPENbiX NO. 2

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Batneec Guidance Notes for the.Pig Production S&t&

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An Ghniotnha@acht tiCha&nhtxi Comhshaoil

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Integrated P&tion 1

Control Licensing I

Batnees Guidance NoteFor The

Pig Prddwtion Sector ./i

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.An.Ghnionihaireacht um ChaomhnG Comhshaoil.”

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Integrated PollutionControl Licensing _

Batneec hidance Note

For The

Pig Production Sector

This document does not @qxv-t~ to be’ and should not becomidered a l&al intejpTe&ios ofthe p&i&& and

requirqnents of the &P-A. Act; 1992.

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0 Environrner.da~ Pro&ion Agency 1996

Parts of this publication may be repioduced &hout &her permission provided

%he source is acknowledged.

(Revision 1 -February 1998)

ISBf4 1899965 36.X

EPA No. LC 16(02/98). .: _,

Price Ir. CWQ Z%Bbb

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EnvironmentalProtection Agency

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E S T A B L I S H E D . audits +e establishment ofThe Environmental Protection ym eco-labelling scheme, the

Agency Act, 1992, was enacted s%ttirii o f ‘nvvirorime&lon 23 April, 1992 and under this quality objectives and thelegislation the Agency was issuing ol codes of practicefor&@ established on 26 July, on matters affecting the1993. enviroruneIlt;

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RESPONSIBILIT& ’The Agency has a wide range ofs.tatutqry duties and powers underthe Act. The mainresponsibilities of the Agetiyinclude the following:

-l :,thepr6m&ion&d co-

ordination of erkironmentalresearch;

l the licensing and *regulationo f all siguificant wasterecovery and dis~salactivities, including Iandf$sand the preparation andupdating periodically of anational Aazardous #wasteplan for implementation byother bodies;

. the licensing and regulationof large/complex industrialand other processes withsignificant polkingpotentia1, on the bsis ofintegrated pollution control@PC) and the application ofbest avaiIabIe technologiesfor this purpose;

. the monitoring ofenvironmental quality,

including the establishmentof databases to which thepublic will have access, andthe publication of periodicreports on thestate of theenvironment;

l advising p@ic authorities inrespect of envir?nmentalfunctions and assisting jocalauthoriti& tithe ‘: .’perfoti~ce of their~nvimnmental protectionfikctions;

l the prknotion ofenvir~nm&aUy soundpractices through, for dexample, the encouragement

. preparation andimplementation of a nationalhydrome’tric programme forthe cokction, analysis andpubIication of infbrmation onthe levels, volumes and flowsof water in rivers, lakes andgroundwaters; and

l generafly overseeing the

performance by localau?-+ ties of their statutoryenwdnmeotal protectionfimctions. .

STATUS ’-The Agency ‘is an independent

pubKic body- Its Sp&sor inGovmt is the Department of.the &wiro~ent. Indepekknceis as&red through the’sekctionprocedures for the Direct&General andDir&tors and thefieejom, as provided in thekgislation, to act ori its Own

initiative. The assignment, unthe legidatioq of directresponsiity for a widerangefkztkmsunderpinsthisindependence. uridertheIegisIatim it is a specific

ORGANiSATION

MANAGEMENTThe Age&y is managed by atime Executive Board consistof a Director General and fouDirectors. The Executive Boiis appointed by the Governrr#fidlotig detailed prmhadown in the Act.

ADVI!SOdY COb&II’kEEThe Agency is assisted by anAdvisory Committee of twelvemembers, The men&+ areappointed by the Miaister forEm&w. and are S’eIeckdmaidy from those no&at4

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_I.’ ‘.:

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A’cknowledgernents

The Env&nrn&al Protection Agency would like to acknowledge ProfessorVincent A Doddand Mr Diarrnaid De Btica, A&ioultu& & Food EngineeringDepartrnentj University College Dublin ‘%ho prepared the ‘i&al drafts of this‘3ATNEEC no te . .

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The preparation o8these,BAT@EC advice notes &s. b&n.a collective task fromthe outset1 We giatt&lly &&owI&ge the -a&&@ :a$. valuable informationofger& by; .‘. .’ ; : .- : ” ..,:...:; : : : .Y, , .-_

.: ,. . . . .. : ; . . _. . ..;..,,., . -. . . -. :‘..’ :., ;: ‘;I- :(MS&, 33. F&d &I&J;. l$alone)

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l An.BordPle&ih (&$r. P. Thorr&nj, : ; .‘? . .l Department of Agriculture, Food and~~Fomstr$ (&s&s. ,P. Drennan, T.

$d$q C. Robson, J: Sexton, K Unger and P;. Wd;ods ‘tid Ms. M.. . .,_ .. Farm Machinery Manufac&rers (Abbey Farm Equipment Ltd., ABS

Pump Ltd; Agri-Tea Manufacturing Ltd, Hi-spec Engineering Ltd.,Ruscon Engineering Works Ltd and TancO En&eering Co; Ltd.)

l Feed Supphers (CartonBros. Ltd, Cp;rb41Rock Mills Lti and Nutec)l Geological Survey of Ireland (Mssrs. D: ,Daly and M. I+rdson)l Irish Farmer’s Association (Mssrs. M. JZeillg ?; Smith tid N. Walsh)l Irish &dustrial Tanks Jlr. .D. Boyce) : .. .:l Odoti ControVManure Treamxnt Companies (Alltech Ireland Ltd, Bio-

Industries Ltd, Bord r& M6na, J$-tee Pure Air Ltd. and Terralift)l .Pig Producers (Avonmore Pit., bairygold Co-operative .Society Ltd,

Kerry Group-Plc.. and other individual p&ducers)l Teagasc Pig Advisors wssrs. CI Carroll, J. Firm, P. Lawlor, M. .Martin,

*G. McCutcheon, S. O’Dowd and P. Tuite)l Teagasc Researcher Staff (Mssrs. 0. Carton, J.J. Lennihan, B. Lynch, J.

Mulqueen, B. Rice, H. Tnnney and J. Ward)* The Central and Regional Fisheries Board @Issrs. ‘p. champ and P.

Icilfalaj . .l The Departme& of the En&onn&ti (&I&~ E. Brangan and D,. Moore)

l The EntionmentaI Officers in the Irish Local.&&&t&. : ;l The staff of the,Platig Depart+onts in the Irish L&$l Author&es.

‘. ,.I _,.. .:.. a:.. .-y. :,,_’ ‘ ” : . .

l&ernationaI Groups:

l ADAS London, England @+srs. J. &cher axid A J&-w&)l Administration de I’environnemen~ Luxembotig -(j&i T,’ We@+l Centio Ricere Produzi@ &lii Itz$y (j&. G.’ Bcrn&&> .’l Clyde River Purification Board Scotland (Mr. R.'&~.o&)

0 Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Den&r& (Mrm C. Pot&&). .

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l Farm Machinery Manufacturers (Maschinentabrik Meyer-Lohne G&H.,Maskinfabriken Samson, vredo Dodewaard B.V.)

l Huofdinspectie Milieuhygiiefle, The Netherlands (Mssrs. T. Meyer and K.Waterlander)

l KC, The-Netherlands (Ms. M. Voermans and Ms. M. Vonk and Mssrs.M. be code, i-r. Ellen and H. Hen&s)

l Tnstitute of Agricultural and Em&-owe&l Engineei-ing QMAG-DLO),The Netherlands. (Mss~s. P. Derikx, k Jongebreuer, G. Jan Montenyand C.E. w&t Klooster)

l L.U.F.A., Germany. &Ii-. F. L,orenz)4 ~f&k.gn & Umv~ezt, Raum&&ljnv ntd T anfk++dA 6% L~&=J0 ---- d....&.b..YW”Iabh*%

N&&he&We&al&, Germany. (Mssrs. H. Kriiber and M. l%itz) .l Ministry of Public Works, Transport and the Envirotient, Spain. (Mr. J.

Martinez Sanchez)l Ministry of the l&ironment, France. (Ms. 0. Gauthier)-a Nature and Land Development Administratio$ Belgium. (Mr. L. Van

Oijsel) ’l Research Centre FouIu~ Denmark (Mssrs. A. Kylliigsbaek and 3;

P e t e r s o n )4 Swedish Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Sweden. (Ms. C.

Jakobsson, Ms. L. Rodhe and Mssrs. S. Karlssou, J. Malgeryd and L.Svenssd)

4 The Dan&h Agricultural Advisory Centre, Denmark .(Mssrs. C. AagePeterson, E. &rre@ard and E. Schultz)

Q The member? of Working Group 1 of the E&opean Network for thejjqkiaentation and Enforcement of Entiomatil Law.

l Waikato, New Zealand.(Mr. D. W&on)l Uaamse Landmaatschappij, Belgium, ($6. E. Buclens, Ms. J. Depioc,

Ms. H. Haesebiseck, Ms. L. Van Holden and Mssrs. P. l&meester, J.Mosselmans, W. Vari Tracker and Mr. L. Vanden Elst)

The Agency would also like to take this opportunity to thank the following bodies.who were consulted during the drafiing of this note:

Central Fisheries BoardCarlc lhvirod A&axeCounty 2% city E@i.neers AssociationCaunty & City Manages &sociationDepartment of Agricuiture, Food and ForestryDepament of l+rprise afid EmploymentDepartment ofthe E&irotientDepartment 6f Health ’Department of the Marine alhpa-tment of Transpoit Energy 4% CorrnaunicationsEarthwatch

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Envi.romnental Conservatiti OrganisationGeological Survey of IrelandGreenpeaceH.S.A. (JJealth and Safety Authori&)Irish Business and Employers Conf&emtionIrish Creamery Milk Suppliers AssociationIndustrial Development Autlior$ .Irish Farmers Association V . . .Irish Womens En~ronmental NetworkOffice of Public WtiksShannon Free Airport Melopment CompanyTeagasc

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Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION

2. INWEXPRETATION OF BAThPEW.

3. SECTOR HWERED BY THIS GuLDAN@ NOTE

4. CONTROL +J33cHNOLOGIES 5

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Pjg housing and manure

4;3 Siting pig units

4.4 Load minimisation

4.5 containment of emissions

4.6 Spreading pig manure

4.7 Te&nologies for recovery and recycling

4.8 Treatment of manure

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4.9 Te~bnologies for the treatment and disposal of wastes

5. &XXPLIANCE M~NET~RXNG

5.1 Air emissions

5.2 Surface water q&y monitoring scheme

5.3 Groundwater quality monitoring scheme

5.4 Nutrient Management Plan

Appendix 1 Sources and Emissions., I. JIltroduction

2. Sources of Emission t6 Air

3. Sources of Etissioil tb Water

4: S&r035 of Waste

Append?% 2 Principal References

Appendix 3 WC Publications

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PREFACE

This .guidance note is designed to identify the minimum standards required inrespect of a new activity. Integrated PoMion Control &P.C.) licensing will takeaccount of individual ckcumstances inciu&ng intiralia soil type, sub-surfacegeology, water resources, topography, geography,. landuse, soil nutrient statusandrequirements. ..

The facilitik refer& to. in;he note, include manure storage for periods of at kastsix months. Such a period is ‘c&sidered necessa& to facihtatethe marragernent .ofmanure-and to avoid having to spkad manure at unsuitabfe times. :. . .:The management of the manure produced isthe sole ~respo&bi$y of the ownerof the pig unit. s ‘. :

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:The .noto idenfifies‘the per&$ November to Februq~.mcltiive as unstmable ,forla&preading. Hotiever in c&ain locatioti :in’ p&icular yea& -it may not beappropriate to adhere rigidly to these dates; depending on the weather Springlandspreading operations niay well commence. before the end ofJFebruary but mayalso have to be def&ed to a later date.

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1. mTRODUCTION

F,- Guidax~ Bate is ,one of a series issu$ by the Environmenti Protetioo Ag&qand LS designe@ to piovide guidance t6 fhose ap&ing for integrated p&ti& co&o1Iicences under the EPA Act. R S~OUM ds? be read in conj~&on +tll Application

t%2iznce Not&, available under separate COW:

It should be noted at the &set, that noise is +t’ included within the scope of thiswork and guidance on this parameter has been issued-separately.n& &id~-P Nc+e ;c! boy&& Gc XL - *A- ,mL- juui-II- & . “ W 10 I LL+G .I- s3.xuns and a&miim. F&wingthis Woduction, ‘Section 2 c~ntairg a general note OIJ the intvetatibn ofBATNEEC. The, activities covered by the terms of this note are@ven in Section 3. InSection 4, .the ‘techndlogies t6 control &ii@&&‘& outlined and this is followed bySection 5 which co&&s comments on compIi&~~ monitoring requirements.

Appendices include Appendix 1 which g&s the main SO&X of emissions, and theprincipal rel&ses from such so&es; Appendix 2 which details the principalrefaences used in preparing this Guidance Note and Appendix 3 which gives detailsof otI2er Integrated PolIution Control (I.P.C.) publications.

All applicants for Megi-ated Pollution Control licences should carefXIy examine theinformation laid- down in this Guidance Note, and should use this i&ormation toassist in the maI&; of a satisfactory application for an Integrated Pollution Cc&r01licence ‘to the Agency. It should be ~cfearfy understood that the employment ofidentified technologies does not, by itselK meet the overall re@irements in relatiom toLP.C, In addition to employing such technologies, the applicant will alsO be requiredto demonstrate that waste minim&&on is a priotity objective and to put in placeparticular abatement measure to reduce overall mass emissions and pollutant loadwh~~sisnecessarytG~~Gtecttheambient~~G~~nt

The te&$&jes identified in this Guidance Note are, at the time of writing, regardedas representing BATNEEC for new activities. BATNEEC is not a static quality and~41 &mge as technologies, enviromrmtaf factors and Costs alter with the passage ofhe. The Agency may amend or update the guidermes Contained in this note $hould.such mdments seem appr@riate. The itiormation contained in this Guidance Noteis; ht&&d to be used only as a tool to assist in determining the BATNFW for anqaaticjn h t,& sector and skau1d not be ta..a TV be a detitivc auQX&y on th-gqmfjc for this sector. This Note should not be considqed as a legal document.

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III

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‘BATNEEC means ‘the best available technology nof entailing excesssiv costs ‘. Thetechnology in question should be Best at preventing poIlution and AvaiIable in thesense that it is procurable by the industry concerned Techndogy itself is taken as thetechniques and the us& of the techniques, including training and maintenance etc.&EC addresses the balance beWp environmen. benefit and f%mciaI expense,

The ,objective of the Best A&able Technology Not E$%ling gxc&sive Costs(BAT@El$) GuideI& $ $ provide a list of ~echnoIogi~,~~h:iv$I be q$.by theEPA te’determizie BATNI$3? f?f ~‘&&edule$activity: ft & intknded, $0 up@,tieseguidelines. as re@.ired & o?der. to. in@kortite techr&jic& adva&es as they occ&; ,:In the identification Of B&?&EC,, e&&&is is. pl&d on &&kon p~entiisnt&nip&; ~&Wing &+&/ tekbol9gies and’+ minimkation, rathe than end-of-pipe treatme& Cksideration should be @va.tC; en&@ t&&r& technologies andprtictices. . . *TechnoIogies identified + the B&XNE& gui&li@zs are ;CFid$rgto beckrent bestpractice. These technoIogi&i are r~preSentitii& Of a’tide rtige of ctientl~ employedtechnologies appropriate to particular circumstances. Howeyer, th& guidance issuedin this note in respect of the use of any technology, technique or Standard does notpreclude the use qf any ,other similar technology, tec$nique or standard The entirerange would not neceksarily be approptiate in specific cases. The specifiG choicedepends on a wide range of circumstances but the crucial factor is that the selectedregime achieves BATNEEC. In aprjlying BATNEEC, E~v5onmentaI QualityObjectives (EQO’s) must be respected where set. Measures such as in-housechanges, raw material s&stitution, process recy&ng and impr9ve.d mate+l handling _and storage practices, may also be ,eanployed to effect reductidns in emissions. Aswell as providing for the inst.$ation of equipment and the operation of proceduresfor the reduction of possible emissions, BATNEEC will also ;e&ssitate the adoptionqf an on-going programme of environmental management and control, which willfocus on continuing improvements aim@ at prevention, elimination anFprogressive reduction Of &missions.

As described in the EPA Act of 1992, BATNEEC will be used to prevent, eliminateor, where that is not practicable, limit, abate, or reduce an emission from an activitywhich is listed in the First Schedule of the Act. The use of BATNEEC is construed inthe Act to mean the provi$dn, and proper m&tena.nce, &eration, use andsupervision of facilities which are mo& suitable for the purposes.

In determining BATNEk for ,g ktitity, reg&d shali be bad to: .l the cver$ state sf teC+iical knowledge;l the req$rements ofenvironrne@al protection;l the applicatiola df mtisures for these purposes, which do not entail excessive

costs, having regard to the’ risk of sign&xn~ environmental pollution which,in the opinion ofthe Agency0 exist.& 1

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I For exkking facililities, zkditional regard shall be hai &

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I l the nature, extent and effect of emission concerned;l the nature and age of the exjsting facilities concerned tith the activity and

the period during which the facilities are likely to be us& or to continue inoperation; and

l the costs w+h would be incurred in improving or rqtacing these existingfaciiities jn relation to the economic situation of activities of -the &ssconcerned. ,

The technologies identified in this &idance Note are regarded as representinsBATNEEC ‘for a ~USV activity. However, it is also genera@y envisaged that existingfaciks -will gradually progress towards the use Of sir&k technologies, but thes@c mqairements iind the associated time times will .be identifiied bn a case bycase basis when the licence is being processed, lkrthtiore for aZ1 facilities,additibtil and more stringent rcqkments may be specified on a site-specific basiswherrever ~&+ironrnental protection so req.&es. Hence the BATNEEC guidelines arenot t;he sole b&is on which licence requirements are to be set, since information fromother sources will also be considered, including site-sp%fic environmerrtal andteohrkal. data, plant .financd data and other reIevant itiormation.

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II

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3. SECTOR CCWFKED BY THIS GIJIDANCE NOTE

This Guidance Note covers SECTOR 6.2 of the acti$ties specified in the FirstSchedule to the EPA Act, 1992. These are:

6.2 The rear.& of pigs ie installations, whether Sthin t%e same complex brwithin- IO0 metres of that coktpl~ whkre iI+ capacity exceids 1,000 unitson gley’ soils or 3&k u&s on’ other soils and Gh,&e units have thef o l l o w i n g equiv&r@. : ,

l Ipig= uft&-l I~o$=dOunits. _.

__ : . : ., , , . ; . 1.‘....,

(rt should be noted that this ~kNkE~“&t~~ is valid only for the above s&r.Anyone attempti@ to use it ‘for guidance ;1 r+$ion to ?ny ?th& agricultural activityincluding smaller pig units rmust e+rcis~ *e appropriate judgem@)....

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3

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Note:’ As defined (within the text) by the National Soil Survey in ‘Soti associations of tieland and t.hekland-use potential’, (&&inex and.RacIford, ‘I 980).

* Inclu$ig progeny.

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4. CON~OL TKHNOLOGTES

4.1 Introductionfb expkihed -ii %CtiOn 2, this &&kxu2e Note identifies BkTNBBC, but obviouslydoes so in the absence of site-specific itiormation. Accordingly, it represents &erquiremtits expected Of any new activify covered by the Note, but dm not excludeadditional requirements which may form part df the granting of a liGn= for aspecific site.

The approach to be used in selecting BATNPEC is based on the fo’nno~ving h&a&y:* Prokss &si@kkQn and selection changes to tninimise- the pr~u&n

of manure, wash-water, carcasses aid packaging waste that might poseenvironmental problems.

l Process design/redesign and seiection .changes to mi&mi& emissions &atmight pose environmental problems. .

l Substitution of feed, materials, machinery etc., by envirmmkntally lessharmful ones.

l Demonstration of waste minimisation by nieans of production prowesscontrol, inventory control and recycling technologies etc.

The existing, or possible measures for reduction and control of emissions aredescribed in this section. These range from relatively &ple siting andcontainmentmeasures to recovery/recycling and manure treatment technologies and include:

1. Siting pig units. .2. Load minimisation.3. Contahnent4. Manure spreadirlg.5. Recoverj&ecycling. .6. Treatment of manure.

‘Ihe technid feasibility of the measures listed belew has been demonstrated byvarious sources. Used singly or in combination, these measures represent BATNEEC ’Solutions when implemented in the appropriate circumstancks. The circumstancesdepend on fm. scale, feed and materials used, type of pig housing, number and typeof pigs produced, degree of integration of the plant, etc.

pi% any,re+ and wash water Sk&d tie sprez~d .parallel to @au& contours takigaccount of safety requirements. Note that where hazardous (including asphyxiant)dusts or vapous occur, safety procedures (acceptable to Health & SafQ Authority)shculd be adopted, T.n these, and any other mattets concerning safety, appropriatesafe worgng practices should bc adoPted and nothing in this note should be~~~ex.l as advice to the contrary.

4.2 Pig housing and manureThere are two.mab ty-pes of pig housing:

1. Non-bedd& based housing producing pig slurry with a dry matter contentra@ng between 5 &d 10%.

2. Bedded based housing, where suitable bedding, generally straw, is usedproducing pig dung with a dry matter content ranging between IS and 20%.

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r-3. ,.-, . .‘p r . & * . .

There are three main types of pig units:l A breeding unit, producing and rearing pigs to C.32kg livewei&t.l A finishing unit, in which ‘pigs are reared from c. 32kg to c. %kg liveweiglit.l An integrated unit, producing and finishing pigs,at c. 9Skg liveweight.

The c~a~~sti~‘ofpig.manure,ar;e a f&&ionoE ‘. . . ‘*l water:feedratio . .

. l f+&gajltity :, 1. *: �. . :;

*f&j@&\� ;-.I ;. . . . . .::. �.

0 .amou.nt ofheddingus~ ifany ‘. .

AWOIU$~ should be taken of 4$&e va&abl& %&en es&@&g. the qu&&t$ ‘and, . associated. ‘chara~er@es-of ,the%anure~ from a specific unie &ount rnaj+sq haveto be taken, whereappropria&6f additions to &+uiure.in~storag~ f&xi extraneouswatef hclu&ng wash-w& &d &ntami~td &f~&~&& :, ; 5 : :. .‘, ..

. , ._‘. :.;’ : . .

4.3 Siting pig units . *. . . .

. . ‘. . . . ‘_BATNEEC for&e siting Of pig units is basd on the folJo&ir$ hierarchg

6 A mass balance of m&en& Within a cojrtro~ area.k Protection of both surface and groundwater resources in the vicinity of the

site and landspreading areas.l Avoidance of nuisance’d& to rnalodours for d~eihngs i& the vicinity of the

site. .:. .

l Protection of the environment in the event of the de-stocking of the unit dueto an emergency, e.g. an outbreak of a &ass A disease as identified inaccordance with the current list of scheduled &h&iab;le &sea&compilest by the %)epartment o.f Agricu&ure, Food and’Forestry u&x thepr&sions of the ‘DiSeases~ of Animals Act’,- 1966.

’ ‘Ike management -of pig manure sh&ld be based on a .mass b.alan& of nutrientswithin a control area, whether the area be a fam g&p of farms or a region. ‘fhus,i)ig units should preferably be sited in close proxirniq to suitable landspreading areassuch as land used for Wage. crop production, where they can operate as ‘back toback- enterprises to: .

l Fac&t&e the utilisation of manure for crop proj$$on.‘* Avoid a s&&s of r&nure’p&&@ig +t@.n a ‘re$oG*i ReducemariuretransP;ortat@n Cost.& .,

a..,f I :

T~I order to.prote@ both surface a”(l:groun&&er resour&s & the vicinity of the site‘ .

ai’d kgidsp~tiding areas a.site.‘&vestigatiori is ess&ak a& it is g&a-y advisable,‘that it be &a&ied out by’ a. .qua.tied h~droeologist. The site im&tiga$on should.‘prov@zix&ormation on: .: . . 1 ;. .:. ..

Y. Depth to water table (if:shalloy). ” ...l De$h’to be&-c& (if sh$ow) and details of bedrwk outcrops. ...

? Subsoil and bedrock tie and’quanti&tjve assess-t of p&&bility.l Presence 0; absence of karst features - caves, swafioi hoId etc. - if br&wk

is limestone. . ., . . . ‘.:;’ :‘,

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l Aquifer classification and groundwater vulnerability m accordance with theprovisions of ‘Groundwater protection schemes in helsnd: A proposedapproach’, (Daly, 1995).

l Private wells within 200 metres and all public wells within 1 l&metre of siteand 300 metres of the landspreading areas.

l Direction of groundwater flow,l Baseline information on sutiace and groundwater quality.l Location of all watercourses adjacent to the site and landspreading areas.

In addition the investigation should include information on soil types and nutrientstatus.

Pig units should be -&d a distance of pref&abIy not less than 400 metres from thenearest neighbouring dwelhng and all operations on site shall be carried out in amanner such that air emissions and/or odours do not result in sign&ant impairmentof or significant interference with amenities or the environment bey& the siteboundary. *

Pig units should be sited such that in the event of an outbreak of disease rei@ring de-stocking there is an appropriate site available for the construction of a lined carcassdisposal site for the disposal uf all carcasses. The carcass disposal site shall beappropriately constructed in order to avoid any detrimental impacts on both surfaceand groundwater quality in accordance with the provisions ccntained in ‘Class Adisease outbreak - a mu&disciphnary approach’, (Duggan, O’Laoide and Finn,1995.)

4.4 Load ~iknisation

Ah feedingstuffs in the pig pr&uction sector shall comply with the provisions ofcurrent national kgislation thereon

Load minimisation for the pig production sector is based on the following hierarchyalthough the appropriate sekction in a particular case will depend on the specificcircumstances which apply to the individual site.

Minimisation of pig manure and reduction of mineral excretion by:1. Feeding to requirements,2, Mtiintaining f&g systems in a gopd working condition so that feed

wastage and spoilage are kept to a minimum,3. Increasing the digestibility of the phcsphorus in f&4. Using low phosphorus feed where appro$riate.5. Ma-g all drinkers in a good working condition such that k&s are

prevented6. Separate cok4ztion of all. unccnWninated surface water run-off from roofs

and clean paved areas within the proposed development and its directdisposal to field drain4 or soakpits according to 5129: ‘Minimumspecification for farmyard drainage, concrete yards and roads.‘, (DAFF,1 9 9 3 ) .

Minimisation of odour emissions bya Adequate cleaning of pig houses between batches.

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l Using a-ate bedding in litter based pig housing.l Provision df adequate manure storage capacity.l stocking pig units at designlevel. j ‘.l Designing ventilation systerq to facilitate efficient operation in&ding

mainteuance.l Fi&g abd‘wtyii@ liquid tinure stoiage +a& from below the surface of

thk Stored’dnUre; tihere fw$bl& .y .c. ‘.l Miuimisingtheagita~onofmanure~ _ ‘.. _._ .,

Minimisatioq of C&ass w&&e by Fed@g ~&&a&y rates’ on thi &.. ..., _, ; : .,a,Mi&r@tio~ 6f &sh-watk ks‘ fa@l&ted by t& u@;c$ au!on+ib +&-off ,trigger,‘O~~at~d ~~~:~i~~~~~ host ~~~ WaS’ning. .. :I “,, ,: ”

: i .’ -. ._ I.,., . . “,,.-, ‘.’.- .

Containment Of en$ssions for. the pig productive sector is ‘based On the followinghierarqhy although the appropri&e s&&i~ iri a particular case will $epFd on thespecifid cir&tances which apply to the individ&l $e.

Litter-free pig manure or pig siuny should be stored in one of the following:l In underground, .partly underground or overground .concrete structures

constructed according to Si23: ‘Mininuun specification: Slatted livestockunits; Reinforced concrete tanks’, (DAFF, 1994). ‘.

l In an overground steel structure ~n@ructed & an &&ble concretebase. Steel stmctu~es must be certified by the manufacturer tiG being water-tight and they must jx guarant@. fo’r a 10 yeas period. 2% designspecification and subsquent cons&u&ion for the .boncrete base must be

. . cetiified by a cha&Q eng&r. ’ . .l Overground ma&e &orag6s,tict&es shall be &otided 66th tie v&es in

line and‘an external safety ladder and yileii platform to .facilita~ inspection,

P i g d u n g shou@.bestor&l ’ In ii mgnure, pit structure const&ted according to 5108: ‘a

sptificatioti for manure pit’, (DAFF, 1987) and sited where the risk of bothwat? pollution and spread of disease to other pig houses is minimal. Themanure pit shbuld be suitably ropfed to ~&&v& ~a&&&; prefe@bly with a

; per@&& ‘structure; T&e r&m& pit &&&i be’pr&i&d @-k$ go. roof and‘Wdl$ iis n+%sar$ lxj protect the manu+e. :Om’& elements.., -.’ ( .:

The follow&g &pplies to all pig m&Me and &a&-iTfater Storage s&&t& whether or

1,i !

l All +n$ruc~on wor$ sh&ld b+ c~$fied by a’&&red engine& $&jng.’ .. . b&&struct&l ac&d$gto ether slO$~~.$~?3 as a&j&p&&,‘@@F,

,1987&d 1994). : :’ : ’ . .* Where th6 pii manure storage s~&cix~~%2 we’ &n&xc&d t0 another design

specification, then both the des@n spec&.ation~and the subsventconstruction work should be+xtified by a chartered engineer as beingsuitable for tie task and comparable to the De&r@&t of Ag&ultie$ Fmand Forestry specifications.

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l All storage tanks should be inspected by a chartered engineer and certifiedas structurally sourrd for the purpose they were intended subsequent toconstruction and at appropriate intervals therea&.

l Leak detection facilities based on inspection chambers and perimeter walland under” floor drains should be pmvided as appropriate.

Spreading or applying manure to landspreading areas should be carried out accordingto Section 4.6.

Transport of pig manure should be in suitably contained, leakproof vehicles.

The septic tank drainage system shtiuld be constructed in accordance +th SR6~&t-&r -tank cvctemv Rem-mkwnrlsrtinnc G-w A-mu&r &Flnent trt⌧drnmnt 9nA Aicnncal;r-i - - - -,1---w.̂ - --------- -_ ----” --- --**---- --*-v-e U-IYIY. I._ -“y”‘..A

hm a single domestic dwelling’, .(NSM, 1991).

Oil storage tanks on site. should be placed on impervious bases and shall be locatedwithirr oil tight bunds, capable of holding 110% of the vc$nne of the largest tankwitI& the bud. The fill and draw pipes shall be eneiosed within the bund.

Odour emissions should be contained by:l Reducing uncontr&xi air movement.l Filling and emptying liquid manure storage tanks from below the surface of

the stored manure, where feasible.l Transporting manure in suitably contained, leakproof vehicles.0 Minimising the agitation of manure.l Mini&sing the generation of odours during meteorological conditions which

favour the spread of odours.l Landscaping pig houses using shelter-belts..

Carcasses shouid be stored on site in covered containers and transported to arendering fa&ity in covered, leakproof containers as soon as practical and at leastontie per week

Wash-water from pig houses should be stored:l In underground, partly underground or overground concrete structures /

constructed according to S 123: ‘Minimum specification: Slatted livestockunits; Reinforced concrete tar&C, @AH!, 1994).

l In an everground steel structure constructed on an impermeable concretebase. Steel structures must be certif%d .by the manufacturer as being leak-proof and they must be guaranteed for a 10 year period. The designspecification and subswent construction for the concrete base nx& be-c-ertified by a chartered engineer.

e 0verg;round manure storage stri&ure~ shall be provided with two valves inline and an exterrral safety ladder and railed platform to facilitate inspection.

PaCkaging waste, contaminated drums, equipment and protective do&g should becollected and stored in suitably sealed leakproof containers, where practicable.

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4.6 Spreading pig manureThe owner of the pig unit where the manure and wash-water is prodn& &all beresponsiWe foI: its proper management.

”BATNEEC f6r spr~ding pig n&rur~ 6 @se$l on ‘the following hierarchy: .,

l Suitable la&lspre&lingarc+, .l &ff~~+&&greqU&&& � ._ �.

:. .~.,, .,i..: ,. ,�

r TimeofappIicati&;~:‘~ : ’ . : %. .. -: ,,. .’ .: &&&pfq)p~~~&. :. I, : 0. , _ .-: ” :’ ‘.

* spragJ-&. : , : :.‘-

: : ,’ :

@it$ where landsprcading aross arc .ob$ain* by agreement with ‘Other landoF, ‘,should have a reskrve landspreading area available to- t&m’ of at loa@ @% of theland$kea&~ .srea obtain&i by a~ccmctk (e.g.: mere a pig-f* 0~ 8&a andrequires lOOha of la&spreading-areas, then he/she’ should obtztin’3Oba by agreement.)..’ . .Pig manure and ‘wash-water sbould be landspread or tip&cd to the followinglandspreading areas based on the following pref7e.d hierarchy:

l Tillage crop production.l Conserve~grass~nd :l Grazed grasshIl&

.

Pig manure and wash-water should be spread parallel to ground contours.

‘Pig manure ancl wash-water shopid not be la$spr&& or applied to the followinglandspreadingarcas: . _:

l on land where the existing phosphks (p) &I$& ‘is, above 15 ‘irig soil, ,,orsuch fig&$ as may be detcrmin&l’by the’ Agency: Soil phospborus levels tobd &&&& .by v&&s P-T&t. &‘&&r&nce .&$ ‘A modified &@esolution ~ir$hod for the ‘determination ‘of phosphate in natial waters’,(Murphy anfl Riley; 196Z).and (P&h ind English, 1944).

. On watkrlo&gcdland ’9 On frozen or snow coyered landl On e⌧@o&ilb�edrock .

‘i. .

.

* Within 1;s. metrcs .of cxj3os4$ -oa&rrk$s j&&+fjed) &+tone~ or karstlime&@re fk$-uks such $S ‘swalloti holes and coll$~ f&&n&~ ’

.* Where @rrncabIc be&o& is .ov&iain by sliaJlow (i.e*- k-ss than 1 m&c from..’ the surface) fke &aining subsoils; such-&j sands, gravels and sandy tills.

Whir? the b&rock is Iii@@ ~~i;riteubb~ liiestone or dolomite ( these wetiuully classed as re&makly ir;lrionht. or majoy aquz~rs) a greater depthof &bsoil (i.e. 2 m&r&) is d&rabk

.

Where the water table is witi 1 n&tre oft,be surface in f&c draining areas,l

at the time of application.

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l Where surface gradients are excessive; gradients should preferably be lessthan 20%.

Pig manure and wash-water shtidd be landspread or applied to land observing thefollowing ‘buffs zones’:

Table 1: Buffer zones for landspreading pig manure..

‘Note: The above cktamxs to be increased if the gradient is greater than 6o/O.

Wote: The apppopriakz distance depends on vulnerability and groundwater flow direction.

Unless good management practice otherwise dictates, ihe factors listed.below mustbe taken into account and pig manure and wash-water generally should not belandspread or applied to landspreading areas at the foIlowing times, to t&e accountof nutrient uptake, slurry runoff and the generation of odour nuisance:

l During the period November to February inclusive.(However iil certain locations in particular years it may not be appropriate toadhere rigidly to these dates; depending on the weather Spring!andspreading operations may well commence before the end of Februarybut may also have to be defmed to a later date.)

l Manure should not be spread late in the year on land which will be barren i/.over the winter.

l -Manure should be spread earlier rather than later in the growing season.l When heavy rain is foz=ast witi 48 hours.Q Manure should only be spread during dayligbt hours.l V&m the wind &.r&tio~ is towards popkkion centies or neighbom

houses.l me? the risk 6f causing odour tiuisance to the public is great+ e.g.

Sydays oi public holidays.l Me.teorblogical conditions which g&e rise to odour misance.

Pig mnme and wash-water should be lmdspread Or applied in the following manner:l Manure/wash-water should be spread by an approptiate band-spreader,

sh&w injector or muck-spreader @or pig dung only)*

‘phe mt.e of ~m&pm=ding or application of pig manure or m&water should takeaccount of:

l Tfie nutrknt cdti& of the manure.l The nutrient requirements of the crop.

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l The nutrient status of the soil.

* Other organic manqes and clqnical fertilisers being spread.

The rate of landspreading or application of pig,manure or wash-water should be inaccordance with the provisions contained in either of the following sources:

l ‘Rural Environment ProtectionScheme, Far& Development Service: Agri-environmental Spe&icatio~‘j (Cur+ e+itiotiof DAFF Gui&Iines).. .

o r ,. ..* :

‘. .: .: iv *Soil analysis an+ f-&r; lime, anim& manure and trace eleqxz$

recommendations’, (Current isditioti of Teag&c GuideI&%).

Regardless .6f the dilution f&t&i &iapplica6on <iouici 1106 ex&ed 2Sm c $r

.&.,hy&.& l.&/g per s.e

-he&re:oti &&6w lixnest&e soils and in nocaseshouldexc~50mJ,p~hhectare.:.” .... . . 1. ::

. . .

4.7 Technologies for regovery and rec@ingLoad minimisation for the pig. @roduceon sector is based-on the following hierarchyalthough the appropriate selection in a particularcasq will depend on the specifics.

A’Nutrient Management Plan @IMP) should be established to optimise the muse andrecycling of available r&&&s in the pig manure - in particular nitrogen, phosphorusand potassium - and should also take account if the hjldraulic, load (See also section5.4).

Carcasses should be stored on site in covered containers and transported to arendering facility in Cover& leakproof containers as’ sooti ai practical and at leastonce per wpk

The Nutrient Management Plan should incorporate the qqntity of wash-water.

Waste pac&i.ug rnat&ials should be recovered and recycled, where practicable.. . : >.

4.8 Treatment of manure

Considerable research has been carried out in recent years in inanure treatment. Theobjectives of manure treatmnt may include:

l Red$ction of odour.! Piodution of biogas.l linp”vq in ease ofhandliig.l l+duction of pathogens.

Treatmq& .of manure may inclu~ the fillowing:l Meclmiiidal separation. ’l Aer&iox~l Composting*l Asaerobic digestion,? Drying.l Pe@tising.l rllcheration,

There are several iarge scale plants i Europe providing central&x! manuretreatment. To &te, such facilities are rarel$ provided on individual farms* However,

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it may in certain circnmstafices be abiropriate to provide treatment facilities on anindividual farm The type of treatment required and the technology employed willdepend on the specifx circumstances applying to the individual site.

I .:

4.9 Technofogies for the treatment and disposal of wastes

In the event of the unit being de-stock4 due to an emergency, e.g. an outbreak of aClass A disease as identified in accurdance &h the cnrrent list of scheduled andnotifiable diseases compiled by the Department of Agricultnre, F&d and Forestryunder the provisions of the ‘Diseases of animals act’, 1966 -. the Department ofAgriculture’s V&eGnary Inspectors should be contacted immediately.

Paqkagirig waste, contaminated drn&, equipnxnt and protective clothing which arenot reused or recycled, should be disposed of at an author&d facility. -

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The methods proposed for monitoring the emissions from this sector are set outbelow.

51 Air emissions

Periodic monitoring of air quality witli regard to odour &sance.at the boundary ofthesiteandspr~~areasasper~cence;., .,. ,, : ..., ,,, ,:

5.2 Sukfacifgs%-tter ip*ity,z~g@toi$g q+ni4j~ I_., 1’ -. . ./ ‘..’:.: :. ‘, ,. ;‘ .’ .,I

Perid,c w&rquaIity monitoring of relevant’parWet& ‘& per i&~ce,,

,.. .. ., ,~ . , ,. .I’ . .

53 Grcuid+ater qu&ityxnuiiitoiing sch&e : :

Establish the baseline conditi& of gFoundwater &iality @I the neighbonrhood of thesite and ali of its la&lspreading &as prior to start&p. Periodic ‘water qualitymonitoring of relevant. parameters as per lice& Where ap$ropriate, test wellsshould be provided at the site of the pig unit and on the lan&preading areas used forspreading manure.

’5.4 Nutrient Management Plan

A Nutrient Management Plan @ME’) should be maintained on site for themanagement of pig .manure and wash-+&r arising’at the unit and should include:

l Calculation of the qua&~ of &anure and the amount of nutrients avaiiabiefrom tinure inchiding any mariurc.or o&&wastes importe&

l The results of soil fbtiiity and drainage tests on existing or proposedlandspre+&ngareas.

l A representative soil sarr$e, to a depth of 10 cm should norm&y be takenbiennialljr from every 2 to $ hectares and at least .one per farm, However,where soil types are similar and cropping and &&ment of the lands %&r-e thesame during the previous 5 years or more, a composite sample f?orn an areaof upto ‘12 hectares is acceptable. ..

4 An assessment of the relati&sbips between manure applicatjon rates,cropping routine, crop;utricnt requireinents and existing soil nutrient statuson&landsprezidingar~s. .’ ;. ‘. ”

‘* Ordinance Survey &G~ps to a scale of 1:10,560 shotig the location of thesaid .landspreading areas and- all e+onmcntaIly- se&t& .features on thelands or in their vicinity; in&d@g &te~&~..~$lings houses a$ ,sen&ivebuildings, drains, streams, watercourses and @er sotices ‘&water su@ply.

l Agreenients between %nporters* and ‘exp&ters? of all animal m&rures orother wastes .are &quircd~

The Nutrient Management Plan should be up-dated and issued to the Agency forapproval on an annual basis. :

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Appendix 1

Sources and Emissions

1 . Iiltroductiofi F i

In this Section, the major SOWCes Of emissions to land, air and water areidentified, as are the prk&al sowces of waste from the sector. It should be bornein mind that the identified list of sources is not ati encompassing, ncx ktill everyunit IIXVC CVCX'Y WE 03 the emissions which are associated witi &e sector as awhole.

Emissions are considered under two head&s; fbgitive and tmsche&&d en&siomand spe&c process eniissions.

b

2. Sources of emissions to air

2.1 Fugitive and unscheduled emissions .

Emissions during the delivery, storage and transfer. of feed (S I).

Emissions during the collection, Soading, unloading and transportation cf pigs

w.

Emissions during coUe&ion, storage and transpcrt of carcasses (SSS).

Leakages from ventilation system and pig house (through door, window etc.)CW

2.2 Process emissions

EmiSsibns during collection, storage, transportation, spreading and afterspreading of manure (S l)*

Emissions from the ventilation system and from manure storage facilities (S 1).

3.

3.1 Spills and diffuse sour’ces etc.

(&n%mbted stoti iWit= (El).~~~~ la&kg to groundwater Corn the site and from the landspreading areas

CQ)-Nutient m-t& to surface water from the site and from the landspreading ZULUS

ow-Le&s from manure storage faci%ities (E 1)

Spillage wg c&&on, storage, transportation and spxzading ofinanure (El).

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“IL “UUU ulau” {la,.

3.2 Process emissions

Wash-water arising fro? cleaning of ho*es between batches (El).

Wash-water ar%ng Fom deaqing of eqtipe+@l)..,,,,. i . ;.’ b j’. :. . ’vehicle washing where cair@d &t (El).

;

.,: ‘_,..,

:: ,: : J ‘. :t I

Source Type ‘, :. . . Emission ._

Sl Odotis 1‘_ :.. ,.

Table 3: Summary of so&es and kissions to water’

Table 4: Summary of other releases

. . :*

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Appendix 2

Principal References

Department of Amicufture, Food and Fisheries Publications

Specificati6ik*

* S108 (1987): Minirmun ~pecificati~rn for manurepit.l

iS 123 (1994): M~~UTII specification: Slatted live&& u&s; ReinfOrced

[ concrete tanks.l 5129 (19%): Mini-m sfxcification for fzu%yard drainage, concrete

ya&s aid ro&is.

Diseas& of animals act; List of schedukl and notifiable diseases. (1966)

Rural Envirckmxmt Piotection, Scheme: Agri-en~~men~~ Specifications Rev&j15 May 1996 (1996).

Control of Farm Pollution: Guidelines and Recommendations (1996).

Other publications

Daly, D. (1995); ‘Groundw&er protection schemes in Ireland: ,4 proposedapproach ‘. Tfie Geological Survey of Irelaild.

Duggan, G., O’Laoide, S. and Fi& R,, ‘ Class A disease outbreak - A multi-dfsc@Zinary approach.’ Irish We&ary Association Congress 7th October 1995.

Gardiner, M.J. and Radford, T. (1980); ‘Soil associutions of Ireland and theiriand usepotentiul’, Soil Survey Bulletin No,36, National Soil Survey of Ireland,An Foras TaKmtais.

Government Publications Office (1992); The Environmental Protection AgencyAct .

Murphy, J. and Riley, J.P. (1962); ‘A modified single solution method for the

; determination ofphosphate in natural waters’; Ami. Chim Acta. Vol. 37 ~31-36.i

$

i National Standards Authority of Ireland (1991): S& ‘Septic tank systems:Recummen.datiuns fur dwnestic effluent treutment and diqxxal from a single

i d.mestid dweIlin$. NSAI.

g peach, M. and f&$ish, L. (1944); ‘Rapid niicro-chemical soil tests’ Soif Science,

15 7 , 1 6 7 .

Teagasc (1994), ‘S Ioi analysis and fertiilisef, lime, animal manure and truce

1elemen.t recommendations. ’ JO~MOWQ Castle, -e]O. ~exford

;me ~&gd &&tt~ of the Regional water LaborWxy in Kikenny (1993);

[‘Guidelines for the land application of animal Wastes’. The Re@OIld w&X

j ~aboratoq, Kiikemy.

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LC l/94

:.

LC3/95

LC4/94

LCY94

LC6/95

LC7/95

LC8/95

LC9/95

LC10/95

.’

LC 1 l/96

LCl2/96

APPmDlx3

I.P.C. Liceusing Information

Published by the Environmental Protection Agency _

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Entio~eutai Protection Agkucy 3 Summary of its Structures

PO%& and Functions. .: ., :.: No charge. :

Integrated P&tion Control (IX) Licensing Fees

Environmental Protection Ag&cy Act, 1992 (Noise).Regulations,

1 9 9 4 . 1 No charge

BATHEEC Guidance Note for the Chemical Sector 325.00

BATNEEC Guidance Note for,the Waste Sector CL00

Guidance Note for Noise in Relation to Sc&duled

i4ctkities

,

53.00

Aspects of Licens~g Proc*ures.- Obj&ons.

&lHearing ..:., . El.50‘.

Fire-Water Reteution Facilities (Draft) Guidance Note to Industry

on the Requireme& for Fire-Wat& Ret&t&m Facilities E&t?0

BATNEEC Guidance Note for Board Manufkzture fI5.001(

._ : . .

BATNEEC Guidarke Mote for The Production of Cement 25.00

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

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nt of

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EPA Export 25-07-2013:14:46:43

LC 13/96 BATNEEC Guidance Note for The R&de&g of Animal-

By-products ES.QO

LC 14/96 BATNEEC Guidance Note for The Extraction of AluminaI -

E5.00.

LC15/96 BATNEEC Guidance Note for The Poulby Production

Sector fS.00

LCl6/96 BATNEEC &k&me Note for The Pig Production Sector &X.00

LC17/96 BATNEEC Guidance’Note for The Slaughter of Animals ~$5.00

LC18/96 BATWEEC Guidance Note for The Manufacture of Sugar f5.00

LC19l96 BATNEEC Guidance Note for l%etroplating Operations f5 .00

LCaY96 BATNEEC Guidance Note for The Manufacture of

Integrated Circuits & Printed Circuit Boards $5.00

LC2 l/96 IPC Licensing & Control An&al Repot-t, 1995 f5.00

LC22/97 BAWEC Guidance Note for ?%e Manufacture or Use of.iI

Coating Materials E5.00

; LC23/97 Idormation Lea&t on btensive Agriculture No charge

LC24/97 TPC Licensing & &ntrol Annual Report, 1996 E 5 . 0 0

LC25/97 &YTl$EE~ Guidance Note for Wood ‘lipeatment and

Preservation E5.00

I&26/97 BATNEEC hidance Note for Manufacture of Synthetic

Fibres E5.00

I

--

1

I11111

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ectio

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pose

s only

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EPA Export 25-07-2013:14:46:43

1x27/97 BATNEEC Guidance Note for Textile Finishing i5.00

LC28/97 . BA’INEEC Guidance Note for. Boilermakiug aud _

Manufacture of Sheet Metal Containers E5.00r

LC29/97 BATNEEC Guidance Note for the Extraction and Processing

o f Minerals. E S . 0 0

.

These documents are available from EPA Pu&&ations, St. Martin’s House,Waterlos Road,

Dublin 4.

Telephone: t-353-1-667 4474,

;

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pose

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nt of

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right

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r req

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EPA Export 25-07-2013:14:46:43