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BASIC HTML CODES & TAGS
Hypertext Markup Language
Platform: - Independent This means it can be interpreted on any
computer regardless of the hardware or operating system.
Home pageIs the starting point of the web site. It contains links to the rest of the pages or other
web sites.
Web sites fall into one of the following categories:
1. Personal
2. Corporate
3. E-Commerce
4. Informational
5. Discussion
6. Portal
Personal Web SiteContains information about themselves,
hobbies, pets, family members, interest, education, work experience, etc.
Corporate Presence Web SiteDisplays information about the company, their
products and services
Informational Web SiteCreated by individuals, companies,
government & organizations for the purpose of displaying information about a particular topic.
(TSN, Weather, Fire Department).
E-Commerce Web siteCreated by businesses for the purpose of selling
their products or services to consumers online. (ie: Amazon.com, NLClassisifies.ca)
Discussion Web SiteCreated by individuals, businesses, or
organizations for the purpose of creating a forum for people to discuss a wide range of topics
Portal Web SiteCreated by businesses for the purpose of
creating a starting point for people to enter the Web. (ie MSN)
PARTS OF A WEBPAGE
A Banner AdCommon to find Banner Ads on Web sites –
for a small fee
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)Is the address that is interpreted by a web
browser to identify the location of a page on the Web.
http://This is the web protocol used to handle
requests and the transmission of pages between a web server and a web browser
Domain Name:Use to identify a particular web page and is
made up of a sequence of parts, or subnames, separated by a period.
PARTS OF A WEBPAGE CONT…
Labels:The subnames of a web site
Suffix:of the domain name is called the top-level
domain and identifies the type of web site.
In this case .GOV indicated government agency.
PARTS OF A WEBPAGE CONT…
The Web Browser Contains
•Title Bar•Menu Bar•Address Bar•Status Bar•Scroll Bar
PARTS OF A WEBPAGE CONT…
SurfingMeans to browse the Internet’s web pages
The favorites listUsed to maintain a list of web pages
Search engines is a program that searches a database of Web
Pages for words that you supply and then lists hyperlinks to a page that contain those words.
PARTS OF A WEBPAGE CONT…
CREATING AN HTML PAGE
HTML: - Hypertext Markup Language
This is a type of computer language used to create Web Pages.
It is commonly known as HTML Code.
HTML HTML is an abbreviation of Hyper Text Markup
Language
Hyper Text implies that the links in one document connect it to another document
Markup implies that texts are edited in some way to better their appearance
Language is a set of instructions for a computer
TWO METHODS IN WRITING HTML CODE
1. HTML code written in plain text editor, such as Notepad
2. HTML editor, which is a program that will write the code for you. FrontPage, Microsoft Expression
HTML TAGS
HTML codes are also referred to as HTML tags.
The first tag that the beginner needs to become familiar with is the <HTML> tag.
This tag sets the beginning of the hypertext document.
The </HTML> tag sets the end of the hypertext document, this is the last tag of the document.
Within these container tags there are two positions of a web page: A header and a body.
These tags are enclosed by the lesser
than < and greater than > brackets.
They are usually paired to indicate the start and end of an instruction.
The opening bracket is followed by an element
This element is a browser command
It ends with a closing bracket.
The tags can be written in capital or lower case letters.
HTML TAGS
Start of the instruction has the tag and
element <font size=2>.
An element may be followed by attributes
Attributes are words that describe the properties of the element
It gives the instruction to the browser
HTML TAGS
Example of an attribute
<font size=2>
Attributes are only contained in the opening of the HTML tags to the right of the element
They are separated by a space and followed by equal = sign.
The value follows the equal sign
It is enclosed in quotes
<font size=2>.
End of the instruction – the tag with a
forward slash (</>) and the element </body>
IE: <body> Welcome to my Web Page </body>
IMPORTANT NOTE:
Remember that a tag should not have any spaces between the opening bracket and the element.
IE: <body> this is correct
< body > this is not correct
HTML
HTML is interpreted and viewed by a WEB BROWSER such as Internet Explorer or Google Chrome
HTML documents are plain text files and can be created using any text editor one of which is NOTEPAD
HTML TAGS
The first tag that the beginner needs to become familiar with is the <HTML> tag.
This tag sets the beginning of the hypertext
document.
The </HTML> tag sets the end of the hypertext document, this is the last tag of the document.
Within these container tags there are two portions of a web page: a header and a body.
THE HEADER
The header contains information about the page that is not displayed in the browser.
This information would include TITLE, META tags for proper Search Engine indexing, STYLE tags,
This will determine the page layout and JavaScript coding for special effects.
THE TITLE
<TITLE> - The TITLE of your web page.
This will be visible in the title bar of the viewers’ browser.
The next set of tags is the <HEAD></HEAD> which should contain the <TITLE></TITLE> tags.
Write the title of your masterpiece within the title tags; the code for the title of this page for example, looks like this
<TITLE>Using HTML to write a Web Page</TITLE>
When you upload your next web page notice how the title is displayed in your browser
THE BODY
The body is a container tag which contains information about how the page will display in your browser
This is where you will begin writing your document and placing your HTML codes.
<body bgcolor=“#000000”text=“#ffffff”link=“#0000ff”vlink=“#ff00ff”>
The code tells the browser to have a black (#000000)
background and white(#ffffff)
text with blue(#0000ff)
links that turn purple (#ff00ff) after they have been visited.
SOME TAGS TO REMEMBER
<HTML> begins your HTML document
<HEAD> contains information about the page
<TITLE> The title of your page
</TITLE> closes the HTML <TITLE> tag
</HEAD> closes the HTML <HEAD> tag
<BODY> this is where you begin placing your HTML codes.
</BODY> closes the HTML <BODY> tag
</HTML> closes the <HTML> tag
BASIC HTML CODING LOOKS LIKE…
<HTML>
<HEAD> contains information about the page
<TITLE> The title of your page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Content
</BODY>
</HTML>
HOW TO DECIDE WHAT HTML CODES TO USE If the HTML code do no enhance your
web page, it is probably best to leave it out.
It is important to remember that the more special effects you add to your web page, the longer your web page will take to load.
You should also ensure that the effect you are trying to achieve does not irritate your visitors.
Using excessive pop up windows, frames and placing scrolling test within the status bar can irritate your visitor, causing them to leave your web page and never return.
HEADINGS
<h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a subheading</h2> <h3>This is a sub-subheading</H3> You can use up to <h6></h6>
ADDITIONAL HTML TAGS
PARAGRAPHS At the beginning of each paragraph you
should use the <p> tag.
It may be used with a </p> but not necessarily.
Thus it may be a container tag but 1 used it as a separator tag.
CENTERING TEXT The <center> tag enables you to center
text. You put the <center> tag before the text you want entered, and the </center> tag after you’re done.
HEADING IE: <center><h1>Welcome to my
second Web Page</h1></center>
HORIZONTAL LINE This will insert 3 horizontal lines of
different thickness and length
The <hr>tag stand for horizontal rule<hr size=4 width=70%>
<hr size=3 width=40%>
<hr size=2 width=10%>
LINKS <a href=“URL”>text of link</a>
URL Universal Resource Locator, contains the protocol http, ftp, etc… for locating the particular document the text of the link (visible to the user) goes after the > and before the </a>
IMAGES The web allows you to serve interesting, colourful and
graphically intense documents across platforms. As always discretion is the better part of valour. Most people find images intensive documents to be annoying.
To use an image in your Web Page, it must be in the JPG, GIF or Bmp format. There are a number of tools for doing that.
To make things easy on you, place your web images in the same directory as your document.
To insert an image use the following code.<IMG SRC=“imagename.gif”>
There are arguments to the IMG command that you may want to use occasionally.
The width = “x” argument where x is the number of pixels you want the image to display across the screen.
The height =“y” argument where y is the number of pixels you want the image to display up and down the screen.
IMAGES
You can align an image with the surrounding text using the “align=“ arguments. The options are “top”, “middle”, or “bottom”, which indicate where the bottom of the image should be in relation to the base line of the text.
All of these arguments are placed between
<IMG and SRC=…>
IMAGES
IMAGETo add an image you can write the following code
<center><IMG SRC=“pic2.bmp”></center>
If you want to have a certain size of the image add the following to the above code.
WIDTH=“100” HEIGHT=“80”
Therefore the image line would look like this.
<IMG SRC =“pic2.bmp”WIDTH=“100”HEIGHT=“80”>
THE BREAK TAG
<BR>
A break tag inserts a line break in a web page, which has the same effect as pressing the Enter Key in a word processor.
(NOTE: this tag do not need to be paired, or turned off)
LISTS
List are used to place a list on your page use the <ul></ul> tags for example, if you want to add a list of your hobbies:
<UL>
<L1>Sports</L1>
<L1>Photography</L1>
<L1>Limbo Dancing</L1>
</UL>
NESTED LIST
<UL>
<L1>Sports</L1>
<UL>
<L1>Basketball</L1>
<L1>Soccer</L1>
<L1>Volleyball</L1>
</UL>
<L1>Limbo Dancing</L1>
<L1>Photography</L1>
</UL>
SAMPLE WEB PAGE Open up Notepad Type in the above codes Save it in your webmaster folder Remember to save the extension as
yournameWebPage2.html
Remember no spaces in the name of your html.
NOTEPAD AND ACCESSING IT This is a text editor that comes with
Windows.
How to access Notepad Start by selecting Programs from the start
menu then selecting – AccessoriesScroll down and find the program NotebookCreate a shortcut to your desktop
WORKING IN NOTEPAD
Establishing background color, text color, link color, and vlink color.
Background (red), text(white), link(blue), and the vlink(purple)
<body bgcolor=“#f0000f”text=“#ffffff”link=“#0000ff”vlink=“ff00ff”>
TEST YOUR PAGE Open up INTERNET EXPLORER
Select FILE from the menu bar(if FILE is not there, right click next to the
menu bar, select the MENU BAR)
Select browse (you have to select the right directory where you saved your html file)
Select the directory with your UserName on the U drive
Open the directory and then the file
Click the OK button
NOTE:
Remember every time you make changes and you want to view your Web Page you have to resave your work in Notepad with the extension .html