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Hymenoptera: wasps, bees, ants etc. as well as the sawflies and horntails (wood wasps)
• mouth parts are variable
•complete metamorphosis •2 pr. of membranous wings, hind pair is smaller
The Hymenoptera is divided into two suborders: the SymphytaSymphyta and the Apocrita.Apocrita.
Symphyta (sawflies and horntails) Apocrita (bees, ants, parasitoids etc.)
thorax broadlyjoined to abdomen
thorax narrowlyjoined to abdomen
ovipositorsaw-like insawflies
ovipositormodifiedinto stinger
ovipositorof horntail wasp
Let’s concentrate on the Symphyta: the sawflies and horntails (woodwasps).
• mostly defoliators
• cause much economic and aesthetic damage (urban forestry)
• most cut slits in leaves and needles and lay their eggs within the slits.
Sawflies
• mostly woodborers
• cause defects in lumber and fine woods
• however, there is Sirex noctilio and it kills pine plantations!
Woodwasps or horntails
Woodwasp drilling into the wood of a tree and laying eggs;the other member of the Symphyta
Woodwasp larvafeeding in wood
“horn tail”
Lepidoptera: the moths and butterflies
• mouth parts are for siphoning
• complete metamorphosis • 2 pr. of scaly wings, hind pair is smaller
• larvae mostly phytophagous
Moths
• stout bodied
• wings horizontal at rest
• ~ nocturnal or crepuscular
• antennae clubbed
Butterflies
• delicate bodied
• wings vertical at rest
• ~ diurnal behavior
•antennae clubbed
Diptera: the flies
• complete metamorphosis
• one pair of wings, both membranous
• a pair of halteres
• incredibly good fliers
• some are phytophagous, others parasitoids, predators, blood feeders etc.
Neuroptera: lacewings,
• complete metamorphosis
• two pair of membranous wings
• hypodermic-like mouth parts
• all predators
Lacewings for example