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Hygeia::Journal for drugs and medicines Vol.6 (1) April 2014-September 2014
ISSN 2229 3590 (ONLINE), 0975 6221(PRINT) www.hygeiajournal.com
Hygeia :: journal for drugs and medicines Vol.6 (1) April 2014 –September 2014 ISSN 2229 3590, 0975 6221
www.hygeiajournal.com
Hygeia journal for drugs and medicines' is a half yearly international peer reviewed, open access journal specifically intended to publish papers concerning various aspects of Pharmaceutical sciences like Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medicinal Natural Products, Pharmacology and therapeutics, Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmacoeconomics, Pharmacobioinformatics, Bio pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacovigilance, Pharmaceutics, Formulation technologies, Pharmaceutical-analysis, Drug design, Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical Regulatory affairs, Pharmaceutical Biology and other related fields. Original, informative and scientific research and review articles are invited for publication in the journal.
Contributions must be original and submitted as full papers, short communications, review articles, scientific correspondence or as research news.Manuscript in English should be submitted to the Editor by e-mail or to be uploaded in the website through manuscript submission page . Manuscript should be typewritten, strictly following the “Instructions to authors” which is being published in Hygeia journal. In any case the decision to accept the contribution rests with the editors to make alternations in the text of contributions if they are not confirmed with accepted scientific standards or if they are too repetitive. All contributions must include a brief and clear title, initials of forename, surname and address of each author. Authors are requested to submit the manuscript through [email protected]
The Hygeia: journal for drugs and medicines (ISSN 2229 3590, 09756221) is abstracted and indexed in Indian Science Abstracts, Index Copernicus, Google Scholar, CrossRef, Ulrichsweb, PSOAR, E-ISRJC, EBSCO ,ELSEVIER,EMBASE, Live journal, CiteULike, Geneva Foundation for Medical Education And Research (GFMER), CABI, Biological Abstracts, CAS, Socolar, HINARI (WHO), SCIRUS, NewJour ,WAME, Base, Infomine, get CITED, ExLibris,OAJSE, i-seek, ref-seek, Indian Citation Index, Academic index, Healthmize, Science central, Index Scholar, MJL, Biblioteca, Libraries Directory ,University library University of Illinois at Urbana –Champaign , Research Bible, The Directory of Research Journal Indexing (DRJI) , Academic journal database, J-Gate, Journal Access Directory , PAK Directory of Open Access Journals, Global Impact Factor , Universal Impact Factor , GFAR - The Global Forum on Agricultural Research , Cite Factor ,Scientific Indexing Service , WHO -APAME ,Rubriq , Journal Guide ,International Impact Factor Services, CrossRef. etc.
Hygeia was the Greek goddess of health and she was worshiped in connection with Aesculapius, her father, the god of medicine and health. She is said to be again,
the granddaughter of the God, Apollo. She is also the sister of Panakeia or Panacea (means all-cures) Akeso (Goddess of Healing), and Iaso (which means
Remedies). Hygeia is usually depicted as a young woman, who holds a sacred snake (symbolizes resurrection), which is often combined with the rod of Asclepius to
form the cadacus, or symbol of medicine. Often this snake is portrayed as drinking from a cup (symbolizing medicine), which has become known as the pharmacist's
bowl. Originally, she was the guardian of physical health and later became the goddess of mental health, as well. Eventually, she became a protectress against
various kinds of danger, an attribute which she shared with Aesculapius. It is from Hygeia, the word hygiene originates. Hygiene is the science of preserving health.
The subject of hygiene includes all of the agencies affecting the physical and mental well being of people. In its public aspects, it is concerned with soil; climate;
character; materials and arrangement of dwellings; heating and ventilation; removal of wastes; medical knowledge on the incidence and prevention of disease; and
the disposal of the dead.
www.hygeiajournal.com
Editorial │ Design of Drugs & Medicines │ Health & Nutrition │ Formulation Technologies Pharmaceutical Updates & Reviews │ Downloads
© 2013 Hygeia journal for drugs and medicines, all rights reserved. 2229 3590, 0975 622
Editorial Board
Board of Advisors and Reviewers
Prof. Dr. Hilbert Wagner, MS (Pharm) PhD.
Professor, University of Munich, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Butenandtstrasse5, D-81377, Munich, Germany.
Dr.S.Radhakrishna Pillai M.VSc., PhD.
Asst.Director (Retd), Regional Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala ,India .
Prof. Dr. Elizabeth M Williamson, MS (Pharm), PhD.
Professor of Pharmacy and Director of Practice, The School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, Berkshire, U.K.
Dr. D.Suresh Kumar, M.Sc, PhD.
Sr. Scientist, Sami Laboratories Ltd , Bangalore, India 560 058.
Prof. Dr. Arun Shirwaikar, M.Pharm, PhD.
Dean, Professor of Pharmaceutics, Gulf Pharmacy College, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, U.A.E
Prof. Dr. Annie Shirwaikar, M.Pharm, PhD.
Professor ,Gulf Pharmacy College, Gulf Medical University.Ajman,UAE.
Dr.T.Emilia Abraham, MSc,PhD.
Senior scientist-F ,Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology ,
Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) ,Thiruvananthapuram, India, 695019.
Prof. Dr. Unnikrishnan M.K, M.Pharm, PhD.
Professor, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Prof. Dr. S.P. Dhanabal, M.Pharm, PhD.
Professor & Head, Dept. of Phytopharmacy and Phytomedicine, JSS College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Ooty,Tamilnadu, India.
Dr. Senthil Kumar Pazhanisamy, B.Pharm, M.Tech (Biotech.), PhD.
Research Asst.Scientist, Pathology & Lab Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
Prof. Dr.N.Udupa, M.Pharm, PhD.
Dean and Professor, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical sciences, MAHE Manipal,Karnataka, India.
Prof. Dr.C.Veeresham, M.Pharm, PhD.
Professor of Pharmacy, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kakatiya University, Warangal AndhraPradesh- 506009 ,India.
Prof. Dr.P.Vijayan. M.Sc, PhD.
Professor of Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India – 643 001
Mr.K.C. Sivakumar MSc. MBA.
Information Officer, Bioinformatics Facility,RajiveGandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695014.
Dr. B. C. Behera. MSc,M.Phil.,PhD.
Scientist-D, Agharkar Research Institute, Autonomous Institute of Department of Science and Technology, Govt.of India, G.G.
Agarkar Road, Pune-411004, INDIA.
Dr.L.Panayappan.M.Pharm,PhD.
Director,Pasumai Pharmacy, India (P) Ltd. [email protected] Professor & Head, Department of Pharmacy Practice, JKK Nataraja college of Pharmacy,
Kumarapalayam, Erode, Tamilnadu,India.
Dr. Narayanacharyulu R, M.Pharm, PhD.
Professor of Pharmaceutics, NGSMIPS, Mangalore, India.
Dr.K.S.Prasanna, M.VSc, Ph.D.
Diplomate, Indian College of Veterinary Pathologists (ICVP) Assistant Professor, Dept.of Vet. Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
Pookot, Wayanad, Kerala, India.
Dr.Nirmal Robinson, M.Pharm, Ph.D.
Post Doctoral Fellow, NRC-Institute forBiological Sciences M-54, -1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON-K1A 0R6, Canada.
Prof. Dr. K. Gowthamarajan. M.Pharm., PhD.
Professor & Head, Dept. of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India – 643 001.
Dr.Sriram S.M.Pharm., PhD.
Professor & Head ,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Ramakrishna college of Pharmacy, SRIPMS,
Coimbatore ,Tamilnadu, India - 641044.
Dr.B.Narasimhan, M.Pharm., PhD.
Associate Professor, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohthak, Haryana., India.
Dr.Shirley Samson Varghese M.Pharm, PhD
Sr.Pharmacologist, Pharmaceutical Affairs & Drug Control
Ministry of Health, Sultanate of Oman
Dr.S.Radhakrishnan, PhD (Psy) Director, SKITRAC (Skills Training Centre)
8/1M Mansion building ,Race Course, Coimbatore -18, India.
Dr.Konstantinos M. Kasiotis , PhD
Research Assistant Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy,
Laboratory of Pesticides Toxicology, 8 Stefanou Delta Str.,
Kifissia, Athens, Greece 14561
Dr. C Srinivas Reddy M.Pharm., PhD.
Principal ,Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy, Ramnagar,Warangal, AP, India.
Dr.Srinivas Rao Chennamaneni, M.Pharm ,PhD Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics, iVeena LLC and Research Associate,
John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, Utah.
Dr. Ravi Mahalingam, M.Pharm, PhD.
Chief Operating Officer,
Formurex, Inc.,Stockton,California, United States.
Adjunct Professor, University of the Pacific.
Dr.SM Kadri, MB;MPH/ICHD
FFP Fellow, Public Health Foundation of India. Epidemiologist, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kashmir, India.
Medical Adviser to Gerson Lehrman Group's Council of Healthcare Advisors NY, USA.
Dr. Khaled Nabih Zaki Rashed, M.Sc, PhD
Researcher, National Research Centre, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Editor - in - Chief and Managing Editor
Dr.Madhu.C.Divakar, BSc, M.Pharm, PhD, PGDHRM.
CD remedies, Nehrunagar, Coimbatore, Tamil nadu 641006 Former Director & Professor, Crescent College of Pharmaceutical sciences, Kannur, Kerala, India.
Editorial Board (Technical)
Mr.Prasanth.R. M.Pharm, Dr.Subash Philip. M.Pharm,
(Crescent College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kannur, India.)
Mr.Siyad.AR, M.Pharm. (Mangere Community Pharmacy, 12 Waddon Place, Mangere, Auckland, New Zealand)
Mr.Yuvaraj.S. M.Pharm (Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India.)
Editorial Board (Reviews & Information)
Dr.VinodK.R. M.Pharm, FAGE, PGDMM, Nalanda College of Pharmacy, Nalgonda, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Dr.Sandhya. S, M.Pharm, FAGE, Nalanda College of Pharmacy, Nalgonda-508001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Dr.LakshmiDevi.S, M.Pharm, SriRamakrishna College of Pharmacy, SRIPMS, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, India.
Place of publication
Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.641006
+91 422 2539477, +91 9895017413
Instructions to Authors
'Hygeia journal for drugs and medicines' is specifically intended to publish papers concerning Medicinal Chemistry, Formulation technologies,
Medicinal Natural products, Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmacoeconomics, Pharmaco bio
informatics, Bio Pharmaceutics,Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacovigilance, and other related fields. Contributions must be original and submitted as
full papers, short communications, review articles, scientific correspondence or as research news. Manuscript in English (Typed in Times New
Roman font style with double spacing, 12 font size, simple table formatting) should be submitted to the Editor by E-mail. In any case the decision
to accept the contribution rests with the editors to make alternations in the text of contributions if they are not confirmed with accepted scientific
standards or if they are too repetitive. All contributions must include a brief and clear title, initials of fore name, surname and address of each
author.
Full papers must include: -
Abstract
A summary of not more than 150 words should be clear and factual in content. Abstract must present the reason of study, the main findings and
principal conclusion. Follow the structured abstract pattern and include Plan, Prologue (Preface), Methodology, Outcome and Key words of the
research work.
Introduction
The introduction should supply adequate background information to allow the reader to understand and evaluate the results of the present study,
and the purpose of study should be clearly stated.
Materials and methods (Experimental)
The section on materials and methods should include brief details on the methodology adopted sufficient to repeat the experiment. Methods for
which adequate references can be cited are not to be described. Units of measure should be metric or preferably SI methods.
Results and Discussion
This section include only the results of the experiments, important findings, should be stated in a relevant sequence. Illustrate the results with
figures or tables in a concise manner where necessary. Results must be precise and comprehensive and should not suffer from ambiguities.
Conclusion
This part should provide an interpretation of the results in relation to previously published work and tothe experimental system followed to the
present study. Do not repeat data already stated in results in details. All illustrations must be numbered using Roman numerals in their order of
citation in the text.
Illustration may be accepted if they enhance a paper's content scientifically. Every table must be on a single separate sheet presented neatly
depicted on good quality tracing paper.
Acknowledgment
Acknowledgment of financial assistance and of personnel assistance is given in separate paragraphs.
References
The references section must include all relevant sources and all listed references must be sited in the text.Strictly follow the styles shown in the
examples below: (for Journals and published books)
Author AB., Author CD. Article title. Journal title year; Vol, issue: page no.
Author AB. Title of the book, Publisher, Place of publication, edn, year; page no.
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Short communications
The divisions of the manuscript into separate section is unnecessary and only a discussion and an experimental section must be reported.
Review Articles
(not exceeding 5,000 words) must Project new concepts in a presentable manner. Scientific correspondence contains technical comments from the
published articles.
Research News and views
Information about various new and novel, technical and scientific advances in Pharmaceutical field or related scientific areas.
Article Processing Charge
The authors have to pay the article processing fee of INR.1200/- for Indian authors and $50 for foreign authors, irrespective of the number of
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Abbreviations of journal names
American Journal of Cardiology - (Am J Cardiol ) American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy- (Am J Hosp Pharm)
American Journal of Medicine- (Am J Med) American Journal of Medical Sciences - (Am J Med Sci)
American Pharmacy- (Am Pharm)
American Journal of Pharmacy- (Am J Pharm) American Journal of Physiology - (Am J Physiol)
Analytical Chemistry- (Anal Chem)
British Journal of Experimental Pathology - (Br J Exp Pathol) British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy- (Br J Pharmacol)
British Heart Journal- (Brit Heart J)
Canadian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences- (Can J Pharm Sci) Canadian Medical Association Journal- (Can Med Assoc J)
Cardiovascular Research- (Cardiovasc Res)
Chemical and Engineering News- (Chem Eng News) Clinical Pharmacokinetics- (Clin Pharmacokinet)
Current Science - (Current Sci)
Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy- (Drug Develop Ind Pharm) Helvetica Chimica Acta- (Helv Chim Acta)
Indian Journal of Medical Sciences- (Indian J Med Sci)
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences- (Indian J Pharm Sci) Journal of the American Chemical Society - (J Am Chem Soc)
Journal of Biological Chemistry- (J Biol Chem)
Journal of Controlled Release- (J Control Release) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry- (J Med Chem)
Journal of Organic Chemistry- (J Org Chem)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics- (J Pharmacol Exp Ther) Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology- (J Pharm Pharmacol)
Lancet - (Lancet)
Nature- (Nature) New England Journal of Medicine- (N Engl J Med)
The Pharmaceutical Journal (Pharm J)
Pharmacological Research Communications- (Pharmacol Res Commun) Science- (Science)
Hygeia journal for Drugs and Medicines (Hygeia J D Med.)
Authors are requested to submit the manuscript using online submission form or E-mail us at [email protected]
Editorial │ Design of Drugs & Medicines │ Health & Nutrition │ Formulation Technologies Pharmaceutical Updates & Reviews │ Downloads
© 2013 Hygeia journal for drugs and medicines, all rights reserved
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) April 2014 - Sept.2014 CONTENTS
EDITORIAL : Indian Journals and the Tyranny of Impact Factor
Prof.M.K.Unnikrishnan [Abstract][Full Text] [Pdf] [ DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.8 ]
Skin Ageing and its Remedies: A review
Pratibha Nand* and Poornima Riyal [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.115 ]
Preliminary study on the altered expression of 3β HSD gene in rat testis after Amlodipine and its modification
by Astercantha longifolia seed extract
Shini Dominic and V.Padmaja [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.116 ]
GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive components of Cordia retusa (Boraginaceae)
Murugesan Amudha*, Shanmugam Rani [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.117 ]
Antibacterial Activity of Fruit of Careya arborea Roxb. (Lecythidaceae)
Manjima Prabhakaran, Bincy Reejo, D. Suresh Kumar* [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.118 ]
Antioxidant potential of Cedrela odorata stems extracts and Bio active Phytoconstituents
Khaled Rashed [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.119 ]
Collection, Identification, Phytochemical analysis and Phyto toxicity test of Wood inhabiting Fungi Ganoderma
lucidum (Curt.Fr.)P.Karst.
M.Nithya* V.Ambikapathy and A.Panneerselvam. [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.120 ]
An Analytical Study of the Essential Medicine list of Kerala and Tamil Nadu
Lekshmi.S*,Revi Kumar K.G, Veena.R, Mohanta G.P,P.K.Manna [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][DOI:
10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.121 ]
Studies on the Plant diversity of Muniandavar Sacred Groves of Thiruvaiyaru, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
J.Jayapal, A.C.Tangavelou, and A.Panneerselvam [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.122 ]
Formulation and Evaluation of Metaprolol tartarate Non-effervescent Gastric Floating tablets. .
Bharat W Tekade*, Vinod M Thakare, Umesh T Jadhao, Sandeep B Khatale [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI:
10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.123 ]
Observations on the Quality of commercially manufactured Ayurvedic Decoction, Maharasnadi Kvatha.
A.Radha, Jessy Sebastian, Manjima Prabhakaran and D. Suresh Kumar* [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI:
10.15254/H.J.D.Med. 6.2014.124 ]
Toxicokinetic and Tissue distribution studies of Mercury in an Ayurvedic preparation- Shila Sindur
Challa Srinivas Reddy, Umamahesh Balekari , Vemu Priyanka, Jinugu Vidya Sagar [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI:
10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.125 ]
Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb) R.Br. - An updated Review
S. Lakshmi Devi* and Madhu.C.Divakar [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.126 ]
Medicinal Plants with antioxidant Potential: A review.
Khaled Rashed [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.127 ]
Propolis non-volatile constituents: A Review
Konstantinos M. Kasiotis [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.128 ]
An Inclusive Indian National Therapy.
Prof.P.Velayudha Panicker [Abstract][Full Text][Pdf][ DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.129 ]
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 1A-3A.
EDITORIAL
Indian Journals and the Tyranny of Impact Factor
Prof.MK Unnikrishnan Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104 INDIA
There was a time when fairly descriptive accounts were considered good enough to evaluate people, situations and
outcomes. But not anymore! The clamour for transparency, accountability and equal opportunity have increased
the democratic burden in the dispensation of justice. In India, for instance, it has become essential to rank a
candidate’s entrance examination scores down to the second or third decimal for allotting a medical seat. Such absurd demands for accuracy in day to day transactions brings to my mind a good friend of mine, back home
in my village, who depended on agriculture for his livelihood. He used to sport a curious vintage HMT watch,
(analog of course) with only the hour hand. For some reason, he had not bothered to replace the broken minute
hand. When I asked him why, he said that minutes do not matter to a farmer. “We think in seasons... I do not even
need a watch. A calendar is more than enough to work in the farm" …………
MK Unnikrishnan. Indian Journals and the Tyranny of Impact Factor. Hygeia.J.D.Med. 2014; Vol.6 (1):1-3.Available from http://www.hygeiajournal.com
/ Article ID- Hygeia.J.D.Med/editorial 8 /14. D.O.I: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.8
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 1-5.
Skin ageing and its remedies
Pratibha Nand* and Poornima Riyal
Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Pharmacy, Delhi, India.
Article history: Received: 6 November 2013, revised: 4 December 2013, accepted: 15Jan 2014, Available online: 3April 2014
Plan: This review mainly focus on various mechanisms and treatment strategies for skin ageing. Preface: Skin ageing is a complex biological phenomenon consisting of extrinsic ageing and intrinsic ageing. The process of
extrinsic ageing commonly called photo aging, involves changes in cellular biosynthetic activity which leads to gross
disorganisation of the dermal matrix whereas intrinsic skin ageing of skin derived cells.
Outcome: The paper highlights strategies for treatment of skin ageing which causes reduction in proliferative capacity leading to
cellular senescence, and altered biosynthetic activity.
Keywords: Skin ageing, Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Radiations, Free radicals.
Pratibha N and Poornima Riyal. Skin ageing and its remedies: a review. Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):1-5. Available from
http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID- Hygeia.J.D.Med/115/14. DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.115
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 6-11. Preliminary study on the altered expression of 3β HSD gene in rat testis after Amlodipine and its modification by Astercantha longifolia seed
extract Shini Dominic
1* and V. Padmaja
2
1. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India 673008.
2. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695011.
Article history: Received: 11 November 2013, revised: 10 January 2014, accepted: 17February 2014, Available online: 3April 2014
Plan: To verify the effect of Amlodipine on 3 β HSD gene expression in rat testis and its modification upon stopping the drug /
co administration of Astercantha longifolia seed extract.
Preface: Though a few data are available on the potential of Amlodipine to adversely affect and that of Astercantha longifolia
seeds to potentiate the male reproductive parameters, no studies are available on the effect of these on gene expression.
Methodology: Different groups of rat were treated orally with Amlodipine and Amlodipine plus Astercantha longifolia seed
extract. After treatment the Amlodipine treated group was kept untreated for recovery. Finally total RNA from all groups were
extracted and PCR for 3 β HSD gene was performed and products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis.
Outcome: Amlodipine treated groups showed down regulation of 3 β HSD expression but the same could be reversed after the
recovery period of about 67 days. In groups treated with Amlodipine and Astercantha longifolia seed extract, 3 β HSD
expression was up regulated in a dose dependent manner. It may be concluded that as 3 β HSD is involved in the conversion of
cholesterol to testosterone, the decrease / increase in testosterone level may be due to the down / up regulation of 3 β HSD
expression .
Key words- Amlodipine, Astercantha longifolia, 3 β HSD gene
Shini Dominic* and V. Padmaja. Preliminary study on the altered expression of 3β HSD gene in rat testis after Amlodipine and its modification
by Astercantha longifolia seed extract. Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):6-11. Available from http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID-
Hygeia.J.D.Med/116/14. DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.116
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 12-19.
GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive components of Cordia retusa (Boraginaceae).
Murugesan Amudha*, Shanmugam Rani Department of Pharmacy, FEAT, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar- 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Article history: Received: 5December 2013, revised: 25 January 2014, accepted: 12 February 2014, Available online: 3 April 2014
Plan: The present study is structured to analyse the chemical constituents of the plant Cordia retusa (vahl.), belongs to the family
Boraginaceae using GC-MS.
Methodology: The ethanolic crude extract of aerial part of plant C. retusa was analyzed. The GC Clarus 500 (Perkin Elmer)
used in the investigation employed a column packed with Elite- 5MS (5%Diphenyl / 95% Dimethyl poly siloxane, 30mm x
0.25mm x0.25µmdf) and the components were separated using Helium (1mL/min) as the carrier gas. The 2 µl sample extract
injected into the instrument was detected by the Turbo mass gold detector (Perkin Elmer) with the aid of the Turbo mass 5.2
software.
Outcome: Qualitative analysis of ethanolic crude extract of C.retusa by using GC MS showed that the presence of fourteen
different phytochemical compounds. The components were recognized by comparing their retention time and fragmentation
patterns with those data stored in the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) library. The reported chief
constituents are Alpha Amyrin, (1H) Naphthalenone, 3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4,8a-dimethyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)- and 9,19-
Cycloergost-24(28)-en-3-ol, 4,14-dimethyl-,acetate, (3á,4à,5à).
Keywords: Cordia retusa (vahl.), GC-MS, NIST, Secondary metabolites
Murugesan Amudha*, and Shanmugam Rani .GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive components of Cordia retusa (Boraginaceae). Hygeia.J.D.Med
2014; 6(1):12-19. Available from http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID- Hygeia.J.D.Med/117/14. , DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.117
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 20-24.
Antibacterial Activity of Fruit of Careya arborea Roxb. (Lecythidaceae)
Manjima Prabhakaran, Bincy Reejo, D. Suresh Kumar*
CARe Keralam Ltd, KINFRA Small Industries Park, KINFRA Park P.O., Koratty-680309, Thrissur District, Kerala, India
Article history: Received: 5December 2013, revised: 25 January 2014, accepted: 12 February 2014, Available online: 3 April 2014
Plan: The present study was planned to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate, ethanol and hexane extracts of the
fruits of Careyaarborea Roxb.
Methodology: Agar diffusion assay was carried out using the extracts.
Outcome: All the tested bacterial strains viz., Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes,
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) were found to be sensitive to all the 3 concentrations of ethyl acetate
and ethanolic extracts of fresh and dry fruit, in ascending order.
Keywords: Careya arborea, antibacterial activity, Lecythidaceae
Manjima Prabhakaran, Bincy Reejo, D. Suresh Kumar. Antibacterial Activity of Fruit of Careya arborea Roxb. (Lecythidaceae)
.Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):20-24. Available from http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID- Hygeia.J.D.Med/118/14. DOI:
10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.118
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 25-30.
Antioxidant potential of Cedrela odorata stems extracts and Bio active Phytoconstituents.
Khaled Rashed
Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Article history: Received: 12 January 2014, revised: 4 February 2014, accepted: 17February 2014, Available online: 3April 2014
Plan and Methodology: This study evaluated antioxidant activity of Cedrela odorata stems extracts and also investigated the
bioactive phytoconstituents in the bio-active extract. N-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate and methanol 80%
extract were tested for free radical scavenging activity on model reaction with stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical
(DPPH).
Outcome: The results showed that dichloromethane was the most active one as antioxidant agent and phytochemical analysis
of the extract revealed that it is rich with triterpenes. Chromatographic separation of that extract resulted in the isolation
and identification of two triterpenic acids, oleanolic and ursolic acids and luteolin. The results may help to discover new
chemical classes of natural antioxidant substances that could serve as selective agents for infectious diseases.
Keywords: Cedrela odorata, stems, antioxidant effect, phytochemicals.
Khaled Rashed. Antioxidant potential of Cedrela odorata stems extracts and Bio active Phytoconstituents. Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):25-30.
Available from http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID- Hygeia.J.D.Med/119/14. DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.119
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 31-39.
Collection, Identification, Phytochemical analysis and Phyto toxicity test of Wood inhabiting Fungi Ganoderma lucidum
(Curt.Fr.)P.Karst.
M.Nithya* V.Ambikapathy and A.Panneerselvam. P.G and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi -613 503,
Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.
Article history: Received: 18 November 2013, revised: 10 December 2013, accepted: 11January 2014, Available online: 3 April 2014
Plan: In this study 10 strains of mushroom Ganoderma lucidum were collected from various places and decided to screen their
phytotoxicity activity and phytochemical constitution.
Preface: The popular mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) was a bracket fungus and has been widely used for the promotion of
health and longevity in Asian countries. The dried powder of G.lucidum was popula r as a cancer chemotherapy agent in ancient
China. G.lucidum clearly demonstrates anticancer activity in experiments with cancer cells and has possible therapeutic poten tial as a
dietary supplement or alternative therapy for breast and prostate cancer. And also the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum
(Polyporaceae) are a well known Chinese crude drug identified as a phytotoxic agent. However, since G.lucidum was available f rom
different sources, it is advisable to test its biological activity.
Methodology: G.lucidum strains collected was isolated and identified with potato dextrose agar medium. Then the secondary
metabolites were qualitatively studied through phytochemical analysis.
Outcome: Significant root length inhibition was observed at 100ppm and 200ppm. Similarly seed germination was also significantly
inhibited at the concentration 100ppm and 200ppm extracts. The mean data of root length inhibition by ethanol extract in 100p pm was
0.393 and 0.208 in 200ppm. Likewise the mean data of seed germina tion inhibition by ethanol extract in 100ppm was 15 and 0.208 in
200ppm. Overall results supported that Ganoderma lucidum clearly supported the wider medicinal uses and established its antic ancer
activity.
Key words: Bracket fungus, Ganoderma lucidum, Phytochemicals, Radish seed, Seed Germination, Phytotoxicity.
M.Nithya* V.Ambikapathy and A.Panneerselvam. Collection, Identification, Phytochemical analysis and Phyto toxicity test of Wood inhabiting Fungi
Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.Fr.)P.Karst. Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):31-39. Available from: http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID-
Hygeia.J.D.Med/120/14. D.O.I: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.120
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 40-47.
An Analytical Study of the Essential Medicine list of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Lekshmi.S1*
, Revi Kumar K.G2, Veena.R
3, Mohanta G.P
1, P.K.Manna
1
1. Dept of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India 608002. 2. Al Shifa College of pharmacy, Kizhattur. Perinthalmanna, Malappuram, Kerala, India.
3. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.G University, Ettumannoor, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
Article history: Received: 8 March 2013, revised: 10 March 2014, accepted: 15 March 2014, Available online: 3 April 2014
Plan: Through this study, the authors have critically analyzed the Essential Medicine List of Tamil Nadu (TN-EML) and Essential Medicine List
of Kerala (KL-EML) and compared them with National List of Essential Medicines India (NLEMI). A questionnaire which includes; how
frequently the list is modified? What are the criteria for addition and deletion of items? What method is adopted for the publication and
popularization of the EML? What is the constitution of the Committee entrusted with the responsibility of EML revision? Which state does have
the highest number of items? How the list is categorized? Are there obsolete items in the EML? Is the EML supported by Standard Treatment
Guidelines? Is there redundant exclusion of child friendly dosage forms of the items? , are planned to discuss in the present study.
Methodology: Analytical study of Essential Medicine List of Tamil Nadu, Kerala in comparison with National List of Essential Medicines India.
Outcome: The KL-EML just lists all the essential medicines. It does not classify them into various therapeutic classes as done by TN-EML and
NLEMI. The common therapeutic categories include most of the drugs in all the 3 lists. There is a need for certain add-on drugs like antidotes
and pediatric dosage forms in TN EML and KL EML.
Keywords: Essential Medicine List (EML) , Kerala Medical Services Corporation Ltd (KMSCL), Tamil Nadu Medical Services Corporation (
TNMSC), National List of Essential Medicine India (NLEMI)
Lekshmi.S*, Revi Kumar K.G, Veena.R, Mohanta G.P, P.K.Manna. An Analytical Study of the Essential Medicine list of Kerala and Tamil
Nadu. Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):40-47. Available from http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID- Hygeia.J.D.Med/121/14. DOI:
10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.121
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 48-62.
Studies on the Plant diversity of Muniandavar Sacred Groves of Thiruvaiyaru, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
J.Jayapal1, A.C.Tangavelou
2, and A.Panneerselvam
1
1. P.G. Research Dept. of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi-613503 Thanjavur (Dist.). Tamil Nadu, India.
2. Bio-Science Research Foundation, Pondicherry, India- 605 010.
Article history: Received: 18 October 2013, revised: 10 November 2013, accepted: 10 January 2014, Available online: 3 April 2014
Plan: Muniandavar Sacred Groves from Vaduvakudi at Thiruvaiyaru Taluk, Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu was selected for
floristic exploration to know the plant diversity of the vegetation, the availability of rare and endangered floras, the ecological
significance, regeneration status and the anthropogenic pressures, to document the religious beliefs and spirituality and the
participation of locals on conservation.
Outcome : In the present study, the flora of Muniandavar Sacred Groves comprises about 180 plant species belonging to 158
genera and 75 plant families, Key stone species available in the Sacred groves includes Anacardium occidentale, Borassus
flabellifer, Ficus benghalensis that harbors a number of birds and other survival of many other species. Muniandavar sacred
grove is in good vegetation status and the conservationists should take necessary action to protect this grove from plastic
pollution. An environmental awareness programme is planned to conduct for the local people in order to safeguard this sacred
grove from pollution.
Keywords: Sacred groves, Medicinal Plant, Anthropogenic Pressure, Key Stone species, Conservation.
J Jayapal, AC.Tangavelou, and A.Panneerselvam. Studies on the Plant diversity of Muniandavar Sacred Groves of Thiruvaiyaru, Thanjavur,
Tamil Nadu, India. Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):48-62. Available from http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID- Hygeia.J.D.Med/122/14.
DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.122
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 63-73.
Formulation and Evaluation of Metaprolol tartarate Non-effervescent Gastric Floating tablets
Bharat W Tekade*, Vinod M Thakare, Umesh T Jadhao, Sandeep B Khatale
Department of Pharmaceutics, TVES’s Honorable Loksevak MadhukarRao Chaudhari College of Pharmacy, Faizpur, India.
Article history: Received: 1January 2014, revised: 24 February 2014, accepted: 10 March 2014, Available online: 3April 2014
Plan: The objective of this study was to develop Gastric floating drug delivery system containing Metoprolol and having a bulk
density lower than that of gastric fluid remaining buoyant on the stomach contents.
Preface: Metaprolol tartarate is having short to moderate half life 3-7 hrs, low bioavailability hence it is worth able to
formulate Metaprolol in floating drug delivery. The GRDDS can improve the controlled delivery of the drugs which exhibit an
absorption window by continuously releasing the drug for a prolonged period before it reaches its absorption site, thus ensuring
its optimal bioavailability
Methodology: Percentage drug content in all floating tablet formulations was found to be 95.85% to 103.33% which was within
Pharmacopoeial limit. In- vitro drug release profile from all formulations (F1-F10) showed sustained release of Metoprolol
Tartarate over a period of 10 hours.
Outcome: Among all the formulation, F3 showed drug release up to 94.71% at the end of 10 hours. The mechanism of the drug
release from F3 was anomalous transport, first order release kinetics. Stability studies on optimized batch showed no significant
effect on physical properties, drug content, floating behavior and drug release.
Keywords:
Gastro retentive floating tablets, Buoyancy, Metaprolol Tartarate, HPMC, Kinetic studies.
Bharat W Tekade*, Vinod M Thakare, Umesh T Jadhao, Sandeep B Khatale. Formulation and Evaluation of Metaprolol tartarate Non-
effervescent Gastric Floating tablets. . Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):63-73. Available from http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID- Hygeia.J.D.Med/123/14. DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.123
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 74-80
Observations on the Quality of commercially manufactured Ayurvedic Decoction, Maharasnadi Kvatha.
A.Radha, Jessy Sebastian, Manjima Prabhakaran and D. Suresh Kumar*
Confederation for Ayurvedic Renaissance-Keralam Ltd., KINFRA Small Industries Park, Nalukettu Road, KINFRA Park P.O., 680 309, Koratty,
Trichur District, Kerala, India.
Article history: Received: 23 December 2013, revised: 20 January 2014, accepted: 18 February 2014, Available online: 3 April 2014
Plan: Ayurveda makes use of many Kvatha or hot infusions. In olden days the physician provided a handwritten recipe of the
Kvatha in question and patients prepared these medicines at home. However, this tradition ended with the advent of commercial
manufacture of Ayurvedic medicines in Kerala since 1902. Considering the growing popularity of Ayurveda, an attempt was
made to compare the quality of seven brands of Maharasnadi Kvatha, a formulation that is widely recommended by physicians.
Methodology: Seven brands of Maharasnadi Kvatha available in the local market were procured. Their pH, total dissolved
solids, sodium benzoate content, HPTLC profiles and microbial load were measured. Additionally, the presence of alkaloids,
tannins, phenols, and sterols was detected qualitatively. Total tannins, alkaloids, phenols and sterols were estimated.
Outcome: The colour of the seven brands, their pH, total dissolved solids, sodium benzoate content, HPTLC profiles, microbial
load and content of compound classes showed wide variation. HPTLC fingerprinting can serve as a useful technique to assess the
quality of Ayurvedic medicines. The number of bands and their area percentages can serve as quality indices. Such methods can
be used for improving the quality of Ayurvedic medicines.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Quality control, hot infusion, HPTLC
A.Radha, Jessy Sebastian, Manjima Prabhakaran and D. Suresh Kumar. Observations on the Quality of commercially manufactured Ayurvedic
Decoction, Maharasnadi Kvatha. Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):74-80. Available from http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID-
Hygeia.J.D.Med/124/14. DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med. 6.2014.124
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 81-94.
Toxicokinetics and Tissue distribution studies of mercury in Ayurvedic preparation- Shila Sindur
Challa Srinivas Reddy1*
, Umamahesh Balekari2, Vemu Priyanka
3, Jinugu Vidya Sagar
4
1. Department of Pharmacognosy, Vaagdevi college of Pharmacy, Hanamkonda, India
2.Department of Pharmacognosy, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Hanamkonda, 3.Andhrapradesh, India
4. Department of Pharmacology, Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy, Hanamkonda, Andhrapradesh, India.
5. Relisys Medical Devices Ltd, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh India.
Article history: Received: 5December 2013, revised: 25 January 2014, accepted: 12 February 2014, Available online: 3 April 2014
Plan: Shila sindur, an ayurvedic preparation containing mercury as chief ingredient was investigated for toxicokinetics and
tissue distribution studies in laboratory animals.
Methodology: Shila Sindur at three doses i.e., 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg was studied. Single and repeated dose
administration was used for toxicokinetics and tissue distribution studies, respectively and evaluated by using toxicokinetic and
tissue distribution parameters.
Outcome: Toxicokinetics studies revealed low plasma clearance with high half life, this correlates with higher affinity of mercury
to plasma proteins. Higher doses showed wide distribution by increased area under curve and volume of distribution. A dose
dependent elevation in mercury concentrations and organ damage was found in kidneys followed by liver, lungs, spleen and
brain. At higher doses, shila sindur found toxic, at moderate doses stringent monitoring was recommended for use. Present study
concludes that low dose Shila sindur was found safe in terms of toxicological and tissue distribution patterns.
Key words: Shila sindur, toxicokinetics, tissue distribution, mercury
Challa Srinivas Reddy*, Umamahesh Balekari, Vemu Priyanka, Jinugu Vidya Sagar. Toxicokinetics and Tissue distribution studies of mercury in
Ayurvedic preparation- Shila Sindur .Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):81-94. Available from http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID-
Hygeia.J.D.Med/125/14. DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.125.
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 95-105.
Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb) R.Br. - An updated Review.
S. Lakshmi Devi1* and Madhu.C.Divakar
2
1. College of Pharmacy, SRIPMS, 395, Sarojini Naidu Road, Coimbatore - 641 044, Tamilnadu, India.
2. Directorate of Pharmaceutical Affairs and Drug Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
Article history: Received: 20 December 2013, revised: 12 January 2014, accepted: 10 February 2014, Available online: 3 April 2014
Plan: The present study aims to facilitate an updated phytochemical and pharmacological activity study reports of various
researchers pertaining to the plant Wrightia tinctoria.
Preface: Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br (Apocynaceae) is widely distributed in the plains and slopes of Shevaroy hills of
Yercaud Town, situated in Salem district, Tamilnadu. Wrightia tinctoria is extensively used in a number of traditional medicines.
Outcome: Chemical constituents isolated from different parts of the plant W. tinctoria and their biological activities reported are
summarised in this review.
Key words: Wrightia tinctoria. Biological activities, Phytoconstituents
S. Lakshmi Devi* and Madhu.C. Divakar. Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb) R.Br. - An updated Review. Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):95-105. Available
from http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID- Hygeia.J.D.Med/126/14. DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.126
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 106-110.
Medicinal Plants with antioxidant Potential: A review.
Khaled Rashed
Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Article history: Received: 14 November 2013, revised: 20 December 2014, accepted: 11January 2014, Available online: 3 April 2014
Plan: This review deals with the antioxidant potential of some medicinal plants.
Methodology: Plants contain a wide variety of free radical scavenging molecules, such as polyphenols, dietary glutathione,
vitamins and endogenous metabolites. An attempt has been made in this review to identify the major medicinal plants with
antioxidant activity.
Outcome: We provide information concerning the complete profile of 18 selected medicinal plants on their antioxidant activity.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, antioxidant activity, phytochemicals.
Khaled Rashed. Medicinal Plants with antioxidant Potential: A review. Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):106-110. Available from
http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID- Hygeia.J.D.Med/127/14. DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.127.
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 111-121.
Propolis non-volatile constituents: A Review
Konstantinos M. Kasiotis
Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Laboratory of Pesticides Toxicology, 8 St. Delta Street, Athens, Kifissia 14561, Greece
Article history: Received: 8 March 2013, revised: 10 March 2014, accepted: 15 March 2014, Available online: 3 April 2014
Plan: This study includes the characteristics and variation of non volatile constituents in propolis samples collected from
different regions of the world. The review covers the research activities after 2010 on propolis constituents.
Outcome: Propolis constitutes a complex resinous material collected by honeybees serving as a defense system for their hives.
Apart from this evident natural use, propolis is marketed by the pharmaceutical industry due to its claimed beneficial effects on
human health such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer activities. These properties are attributed to the
chemical compounds that are found in propolis mainly phenolic compounds and terpenes. In this review article the analysis of
non-volatile compounds of propolis performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with various
detectors, will be presented. Future trends and further insights are quoted and commented.
Key words: Non volatile constituents, Propolis.
Konstantinos M. Kasiotis. Propolis non-volatile constituents: A Review Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):111-121. Available from
http://www.hygeiajournal.com / Article ID- Hygeia.J.D.Med/128/14. DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.128.
Hygeia.J.D.Med.6 (1) 2014; 122-126.
An inclusive Indian national therapy
Prof.P.Velayudha Panicker Former Professor of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India,695011.
Article history: Received: 20 February 2013, Accepted: 12 March 2014, Available online: 3 April 2014
Abstract
A road map to bring Patient-oriented clinical results of ethnic traditional processes & techniques through a single window of
modern hospitals for documentation and accountability where „clinical Pharmacognosist‟ has a link role between MCI and
AYUSH to evolve an “inclusive health care policy” for the nation.
Key words: clinical results of ethnic traditional processes, documentation, Clinical Pharmacognosist, MCI, AYUSH, PCI, CCIM,
JAMA, NCHRH, AICTE
P.Velayudha Panicker. An inclusive Indian national therapy. Hygeia.J.D.Med 2014; 6(1):122-126. Available from http://www.hygeiajournal.com
/ Article ID- Hygeia.J.D.Med/129/14. DOI: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.129.
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