Hydrozoa berasal dari bahasa yunani hydro = air, dan zoa = hewan .Hydrozoa adalah kelas dari anggota hewan tak bertulang belakang yang termasuk dalam filum Coelenterata . Terdapat 3700 spesies yang telah ditemukan, dan hanya 14 spesies yang hidup di air tawar, kebanyakan dari family Hydridae(Suwignyo,sugiarti dkk, Avertebrata Air. 2005)

Karakteristik : Ada yang hidup soliter, ada yang hidup berkoloni Hidup di perairan dangkal yang tidak terlelu bergolak, karena struktur tubuhnya yang

rapuh Gonadnya ditemukan pada lapisan epidermis Umumnya karnivora, ada yang memakan zooplankton, ada juga yang maemakan ikan.

Struktur tubuh :

Siklus hidupnya terdiri dari fase polip dan fase medusa, namun fase polip merupakan fase utama

Rongga gastrovaskuler tidak dilengkapi stomodeum dan mesentrium, maupun sel-sel jelatang

Seluruh dinding tubuh termasuk tentaklnya terdiri dari lapisan: Epidermis Mesoglea gastrodermis

Lapisan mesoglea merupakan lapisan nonselular yang berbentuk pasta, dan merupakan bagian terbesar dari medusa.

Fase polip membentuk koloni berupa “pohon”, yang disebut dengan hydroid Semua koloni hydroid paling sedikit dimorfik, artinya sekurang-kurangnya pada koloni

tersebut terdapat dua macam polip yang mempunyai bentuk dan fungsi berbeda, yaitu polip pemangsa (gastrozooid, trophozooid) dan polip reproduktif (gonozooid, gonophores). Ada juga beberapa hydroid yang memiliki jenis polip lain, yaitu polip penangkis (dactylozooid). Koloni hidrozoid dengan tiga macam polip atau lebih disebut polymorfik, contohnya yaitu Hydractinia

Polip pemangsa merupakan bentuk paling dominan Polip pemangsa mempunyai mulut dan tentakel untuk menangkap dan mencerna

makanan Polip reproduktif secara aseksual dengan pertunasan menghasilkan medusa. Polip ini

tumbuh dari hydrocaulus, hydrorhiza atau gastrozooid. Semua macam polip umumnya dihasilkan secara aseksual dengan pertunasan pada

tangkai koloni Medusa hydrozoa umumnya berdiameter 0,5-6,0 cm Tepi lonceng medusa biasanya melengkung, disebut velum Tentakel dilengkapi dengan nematocyst yang terdapat pada tepi lonceng dan umumnya

berjumlah 4 buah, tetapi acapkali lebih.

Mulut terletak pada ujung manubrium di tengah subumbrella Pada manubrium terdapat nematocyst, dan bagian tepi manubrium kadang-kadang

berlekak-lekuk atau berumbai-umbai.

Sistem saraf : System saraf medusa lebih tinggi daripada polip Sel sarafpada tepi lonceng tersusun dalam dua cincin saraf, atas dan bawah. Yang bawah

berfungsi sebagai pusat gerak berdenyut. Tepi lonceng juga dilengkapi dengan sel-sel indera dan dua macam organ pengindera,

yaitu ocelli dan statocyst. Ocellus sebagai fotoreseptor. Statocyst berfungsi sebagai organ keseimbangan.

Beberapa jenis medusa bersifat fototaksis negatif, pada siang hari turun ke tempat yang dalam. Beberapa jenis justru tertarik cahaya, tetapi ada juga yang tidak memperlihatkan fototaksis.

Reproduksi dan daur hidup : Reproduksi pada semua medusa adalah seksual. Telur dan sperma terbentuk dari sel

interstisial epidermis di bawah kanal, adakalanya pada epidermis manubrium, Terdapat dua jenis pembuahan pada medusa, yakni pembuahan eksternal dan internal.

Pembuahan eksternal terjadi di air laut, pembuahan internal terjadi pada permukaan manubrium atau di gonad.

Telur yang sudah dibuahi menetas menjadi blastula, kemudian menjadi gastrula, dan memanjang menjadi larva planula yang bersilia. Setelah berenang bebas selama beberapa lama, larva planula menempel pada benda atau substrat dan tumbuh menjadi polip. Polip tersebut melakukan pertunasan sehingga menghasilkan polip-polip baru yang tetap menempel pada polip induk, hingga terbentuk suatu koloni hydroid.

Gonozooid secara aseksual menghasilkan beberapa bakal medusa, kemudian dilepas ke air sebagai ubur-ubur (medusa) kecil, bernang bebas untuk kemudian tumbuh menjadi dewasa.

daur hidup obelia sp.

Sumber: siera104.com

Tidak semua jenis koloni hydroid hidupnya menempel di substrat, tetapi ada jenis-jenis yang hidup berenang bebas seperti halnya ubur-ubur, misalnya Velella dan Physalia

Klasifikasi :

1. Kingdom : animalia2. Phylum : coelenterate/cnidaria3. Class : hydrozoa4. Ordo :

Hydroida

Total jumlah dari ordo Hydroida yang telah diketahui yakni 3 sub-ordo, 36 famili, 202 genus, dan 585 spesies (http://www.alientravelguide.com)

Subordo Anthomedusae (16+ Famili, 80+ Genus, 250+ Spesies)o Famili Hydridae (1+ Genera, 1+

Species) Genus Prothohydra (1+)

Prothohydra leuckartio Family Corymorphidae (12+

Genera, 20+ Species) Genus Corymorpha (1+)

One-armed Jellyfish Corymorpha nutans Corymorpha abyssalis Corymorpha annulicornis Corymorpha appelloefi Corymorpha glacialis Corymorpha groenlandica Corymorpha nana

Genus Euphysa (1+)

Euphysa aurata Genus Boreohydra (1+)

Borehydra simplex Genus Steenstrupia (1+)

Steenstrupia nutans Genus Eucodonium (1+)

Eucodonium brownei Genus Amalthaea (1+)

Amalthaea sarsi Genus Branchiocerianthus (2+)

Branchiocerianthus italicus Branchiocerianthus

norgegicus Genus Eugotoea (1+)

Eugotoea petalina Genus Euphysora (2+)

Euphysora annulata Euphysora bigelowi

Daur hidup Hydractinia echinata

Sumber: http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2006/07/18/diploblasts-and-triploblasts/

Genus Paragotoea (1+) Paragotoea bathybia

Genus Plotocnide (1+) Plotocnide borealis

Genus Vannuccia (1+) Vannuccia forbesi

o Family Tubulariidae (4+ Genera, 15+ Species) Genus Tubularia (8+)

Tubularia indivisa Tall Tubularian

Tubularia crocea Tubularian Hydroid

Tubularia larynx Ringed Tubularian

Tubularia bellis Tubularia ceratogyne Tubularia cornucopia Tubularia

mesembryanthemum Tubularia regalis

Genus Ectopleura (5+) Ectopleura dumortieri Ectopleura minerva Ectopleura petalina Ectopleura sacculifera Ectopleura wrighti

Genus Hybocodon (1+) One-armed Jellyfish Hybocodon prolifer

Genus Rhabdoon (1+) Rhabdoon singulare

o Family Corynidae (7+ Genera, 35+ Species) Genus Coryne (11+)

Coryne pusilla Coryne brevicornis Coryne caespes Coryne clavata Coryne epizoica Coryne filiformis Coryne fucicola Coryne graeffei Coryne hincksi

Coryne muscoides Coryne pintneri

Genus Actigia (1+) Actigia vangenedeni

Genus Sarsia (12+) Clapper Hydromedusa Sarsia loveni Sarsia eximia Sarsia gemmifera Sarsia prolifera Sarsia tubulosa Sarsia barentsi Sarsia occulta Sarsia pattersoni Sarsia piriformis Sarsia princeps Sarsia producta Sarsia striata

Genus Sarsiella (1+) Sarsiella dinema

Genus Stauridiosarsia (2+) Stauridiosarsia producta Stauridiosarsia filiformis

Genus Dipurena (6+) Dipurena halterata Dipurena ophiogaster Dipurena dolichogaster Dipurena reesi Dipurena simulans Dipurena spongicola

Genus Dicodonium (2+) Dicodonium adriaticum Dicodonium ocellatum

o Family Zancleidae (1+ Genera, 2+ Species)

Genus Zanclea (1+) Zanclea costata Zanclea sessilis

o Family Myriothelidae (1+ Genera, 1+ Species)

Genus Myriothela (1+) Myriothela cocksi

o Family Clavidae (8+ Genera, 16+ Species)

Genus Clava (2+) Club Hydroid Clava multicornis Clava squamata

Genus Merona (3+) Merona ibera Merona nematophorum Merona cornucopiae

Genus Tubiclava (2+) Tubiclava lucerna Tubiclava fruticosa

Genus Cordylophora (4+) Cordylophora inkermanica Cordylophora pusilla Cordylophora lacustris Cordylophora caspia

Genus Corydendrium (2+) Corydendrium dispar Corydendrium parasiticum

Genus Oceania (1+) Oceania armata

Genus Rhizogeton (1+) Rhizogeton

Genus Turritopsis (1+) Turritopsis nutricula

o Family Hydractinidae (4+ Genera, 24+ Species) Genus Hydractinia (11+)

Hydractinia echinata Snail Fur

Hydractinia aculeata Hydractinia allmani Hydractinia arctica Hydractinia calderi Hydractinia carica Hydractinia fucicola Hydractinia humilis Hydractinia monocarpa Hydractinia ornata Hydractinia serrata

Genus Podocoryne (8+) Podocoryne areolata Podocoryne carnea

Smooth-spined Snail Fur

Podocoryne borealis Podocoryne hartlaubi Podocoryne minima Podocoryne minuta Podocoryne proboscidea Podocoryne sarsi

Genus Stylactis (4+) Stylactis claviformis Stylactis fuciola Stylactis inermis Stylactis pruvoti

Genus Tregoubovia (1+) Trgoubovia atentaculata

o Family Trichydridae (1+ Genera, 1+ Species) Genus Trichydra (1+)

Trichydra pudicao Family Agalopheniidae (6+ Genera,

35+ Species) Genus Gymnangium (3+)

Gymnangium hians Gymnangium montagui Gymnangium sinosum

Genus Lytocarpia (4+) Lytocarpia niger Lytocarpia distans Lytocarpia myriophyllum Lytocarpia phyteuma

Genus Macrohynchia (1+) Marcrohynchia philippina

Genus Nematocarpus (1+) Nematocarpus ramuliferus

Genus Streptocaulus (4+) Streptocaulus corneliusi Streptocaulus dollfusi Streptocaulus pectiniferus Streptocaulus sinuosus

Genus Aglaophenia (12+) Feathery Hydroid Aglaophenia acacia Aglaophenia elongata Aglaophenia harpago Aglaophenia kirchenpaueri Aglaophenia latecarinata

Aglaophenia lophocarpa Aglaophenia octodonta Aglaophenia parvula Aglaophenia picardi Aglaophenia pluma Aglaophenia tubiformis Aglaophenia tubulifera

Genus Cladocarpus (12+) Caldocarpus bicuspis Caldocarpus bonneviaei Caldocarpus boucheti Caldocarpus cartieri Caldocarpus cornutus Caldocarpus diana Caldocarpus formosus Caldocarpus integer Caldocarpus multiseptatus Caldocarpus paraventricosus Cladocarpus sigma Caldocarpus sinuosos

o Family Bougainvilliidae (14+ Genera, 41+ Species) Genus Bougainvillia (12+)

Bougainvillia Hydroid Bougainvillia charcoti Bougaimvillia flavida Bougainvillia macloviana Bougainvillia maniculata Bougainvillia multicilia Bougainvillia muscoides Bougainvillia ramosa Bougainvillia fulva Bougainvillia britannica Bougainvillia principis Bougainvillia muscus Bougainvillia pyramidata Bougainvillia rugosa Bougainvillia superciliaris

Genus Aselomaris (2+) Aselomaris arenosa Aselomaris michaeli

Genus Clavopsella (1+) Clavopsella navis

Genus Dicoryne (3+)

Dicoryne conybearei Dicoryne conferta Dicoryne flexuosa

Genus Garveia (5+) Garveia nutans Garveia biscayana Garveia fanciscana Garveia grisea

Genus Koellikerina (1+) Koellikerina fasciculata

Genus Bimeria (1+) Bimeria vestita

Genus Lizzia (3+) Lizzia blondina Lizzia fulgurans Lizzia octostyla

Genus Lizzella (1+) Lizzella hyalina

Genus Nemopsis (2+) Nemopsis bachei Nemopsis crucifera

Genus Nubiella (1+) Nubiella mitra

Genus Pachycordyle (1+) Pachycordyle napolitana

Genus Rhizorhagium (4+) Rhizorhagium album Rhizorhagium formosum Rhizorhagium roseum Rhizorhagium sarsii

Genus Thamnostoma (2+) Thamnostoma dibalium Thamnostoma russelli

o Family Pandeidae (11+ Genera, 23+ Species) Genus Amphinema (5+)

Amphinema dinema Amphinema rugosum Amphinema krampi Amphinema rubrum Amphinema turridum

Genus Annatiara (1+) Annatiara affinis

Genus Catablema (1+)

Catablema vesicarium Constricted jellyfish

Genus Codonorchis (1+) Codonorchis octaedrus

Genus Halitholus (2+) Halitholus pauper Halitholus yoldiaarcticae

Genus Leuckartiara (4+) Leuckartiara octona Leuckartiara abyssi Leuckartiara breviconis Leuckartiara nobilis

Genus Merga (4+) Merga galleri Merga reesi Merga tergestina Merga tregoubovii

Genus Neoturris (1+) Neoturris pileata

Genus Octotiara (1+) Octotiara violacea

Genus Pandea (2+) Pandea conica Pandea rubra

Genus Stomotoca (1+) Stomotoca geogrinae

o Family Eleutheriidae (2+ Genera, 7+ Species) Genus Staurocladida (4+)

Staurocladida acuminata Staurocladida alternata Staurocladida bilateralis Staurocladida oahuensis Staurocladida portmanni

Genus Eleutheria (1+) Eleutheria claparedei Eleutheria dichotoma

o Family Eudendriidae (2+ Genera, 22+ Species) Genus Eudendrium (21+)

Eudendrium album White Stick Hydroid

Eudendrium capillare Eudendrium rameum

Eudendrium ramosum Stick Hydroids

Eudendrium annulatum Eudendrium arbusculum Eudendrium armatum Eudendrium calceolatum Eudendrium carneum

Red Stick Hydroid Eudendrium cunninghami Eudendrium fragile Eudendrium glomeratum Eudendrium insigne Eudendrium merulum Eudendrium motzkossowskae Eudendrium planum Eudendrium racemosum Eudendrium teissieri Eudendrium tenellum Eudendrium vaginatum Eudendrium vervoorti

Genus Myrionema (1+) Myrionema amboinense

o Family Cladonemidae (1+ Genera, 1+ Species) Genus Cladonema (1+)

Cladonema radiatumo Family Rathkeidae (1+ Genera, 1+

Species) Genus Rathkea (1+)

Rathkea octopunctata Suborder Leptomedusae (17+ Families,

108+ Genera, 322+ Species)o Family Laodiceidae (8+ Genera, 14+

Species) Genus Laodicea (4+)

Laodicea bigelowi Laodicea chapmani Laodicea neptuna Laodicea ocellata Laodicea undulata

Genus Krampella (2+) Krampella dubia Krampella tardenti

Genus Melicertissa (1+)

Melicertissa adriatica Genus Ptychogena (2+)

Ptychogena crocea Ptychogena lactea

Genus Staurodiscus (1+) Staurodiscus tetrastaurus

Genus Staurostoma (1+) Staurostoma mertensi

Genus Teclaia (1+) Teclaia recincola

Genus Toxorchis (1+) Toxorchis arcuatus

o Family Mitrocomidae (10+ Genera, 13+ Species) Genus Cosmetira (1+)

Cosmetira pilosella Genus Cyclocanna (1+)

Cyclocanna welshi Genus Foersteria (2+)

Foersteria antoniae Foersteria araiae

Genus Halopsis (1+) Halopsis ocellata

Genus Mitrocoma (1+) Mitrocoma annae

Genus Mitrocomella (2+) Mitrocomella brownei Mitrocomella polydiademata

Genus Mitrocomium (1+) Mirtocomium cirratum

Genus Octogonade (1+) Octogonade mediterranea

Genus Tiaropsidium (3+) Tiaropsidium atlanticum Tiaropsidium mediterraneum Tiaropsidium vilaevelebiti

Genus Tiaropsis (1+) Tiaropsis multicirrata

o Family Eirenidae (10+ Genera, 16+ Species) Genus Eirene (1+)

Eirene viridula Genus Campanopsis (1+)

Campanopsis adriaticus

Genus Eugymnanthea (1+) Eugymnanthea inquilina

Genus Eutima (3+) Eutima gegenbauri Eutima gracilis Eutima mira

Genus Eutonina (2+) Eutonina indicans Eutonina scintillans

Genus Helgicirrha (2+) Helgicirrha cari Helgicirrha schulzei

Genus Irenium (1+) Irenium quadrigatum

Genus Neotima (1+) Neotima lucullana

Genus Phialopsis (1+) Pialopsis diegensis

Genus Tima (3+) Elegant Hydromedusa Tima bairdii Tima flavilabris Tima lucellana

o Family Eutimidae (2+ Genera, 2+ Species) Genus Eutima (1+)

Eutima gracilis Genus Octorchis (1+)

Octorchis gegenbaurio Family Campenulariidae (12+

Genera, 44+ Species) Genus Obelia (8+)

Obelia bidentata Double-toothed Bushy Wine-glass Hydroid

Obelia dichotoma Two-branched Wine-glass Hydroid

Obelia medusa Obelia geniculata

Zig-zag Wine-glass Hydroid Obelia longissima Obelia lucifera Obelia fimbriata

Genus Clytia (11+) Clytia hemisphaerica Clytia johnstoni Clytia gracilis Clytia islandicum Clytia linearis Clytia maccradyi Clytia noliformis Clytia paulensis Clytia pentata Clytia raridentata Clytia serrulata

Genus Phialidium (5+) Phialidium discoideum Phialidium folleatum Phialidium islandicum Phialidium mccradyi Phialidium hemisphaericum

Genus Agastra (1+) Agastra mira

Genus Campanularia (4+) Wine-glass Hydroid Campanularia crenata Campanularia volubilis Campanularia verticillata Campanularia hincksi

Genus Orthopyxis (4+) Orthopyxis asymmaterica Orthopyxis crenata Orthopyxis caliculata Orthopyxis everta Othopyxis integra

Genus Conothyraea (1+) Conothyraea loveni

Genus Laomedea (7+) Laomedea angulata Laomedea neglecta Laomedea gelatinosa Laomedea flexuosa Laomedea calceolifera Laomedea exigua Laomedea pseudodichotoma

Genus Gonothyraea (1+) Gonothyraea loveni

Genus Hartlaubella (1+) Hartlaubella gelatinosa

Genus Rhizocaulus (1+) Rhizocaulus verticillatus

Genus Tulpa (1+) Tulpa speciosa

o Family Campanulinidae (8+ Genera, 18+ Species) Genus Cuspidella (6+)

Cuspidella costata Cuspidella grandis Cuspidella humilis Cuspidella mertensi Cuspidella procumbens

Genus Calycella (2+) Calycella gracilis Calycella syringa

Genus Campomma (1+) Campomma hincksii

Genus Egmundella (2+) Egmundella amirantensis Egmundella grimaldii

Genus Lafoeina (2+) Lafoeina maxima Lafoeina tenuis

Genus Opercularella (3+) Opercularella lacerata Opercularella panicula Opercularella pumila

Genus Tetrapoma (1+) Tetrapoma quadridentatum

Genus Eutima (1+)o Family Cladonematidae (1+ Genera,

1+ Species) Genus Cladonema (1+)

Cladonema radiatumo Family Lovenellidae (3+ Genera, 8+

Species) Genus Lovenella (6+)

Lovenella chiquitita Lovenella clausa Lovenella cirrata Lovenella gracilis Lovenella paniculata

Lovenella producta Genus Calycella (1+)

Calycella syringa Genus Stegopoma (1+)

Stegopoma fastigiatao Family Phialellidae (2+ Genera, 3+

Species) Genus Phialella (1+)

Phialella quadrata Genus Opercularella (2+)

Opercularella lacerata Opercularella hispida

o Family Aequoridae (1+ Genera, 7+ Species) Genus Aequorea (4+)

Aequorea aequorea Many-ribbed Hydromedusa

Aequorea conica Aequorea macrodactyla Aequorea paracuminata Aequorea forskalea Aequorea vitrina Aequorea pensilis

o Family Lafoeidae (11+ Genera, 32+ Species) Genus Lafoea (4+)

Lafoea grandis Lafoea dumosa Lafoea pocillum Lafoea fruticosa

Genus Acryptolaria (3+) Acryptolaria conferta Acryptolaria crassicaulis Acryptolaria longitheca

Genus Anthohebella (1+) Anthohebella parasitica

Genus Bedotella (1+) Bedotella armata

Genus Cryptolaria (3+) Cryptolaria abyssicola Cryptolaria exserta Cryptolaria pectinata

Genus Filellum (3+) Filellum disaggregatum

Filellum serpens Filellum serratum

Genus Grammaria (2+) Grammaria abietina Grammaria immersa

Genus Hebella (2+) Hebella brochi Hebella scandens

Genus Scandia (2+) Scandia gigas Scandia michaelsarsi

Genus Zygophylax (9+) Zygophylax bathyphila Zygophylax biarmata Zygophylax brownei Zygophylax echinata Zygophylax elegantula Zygophylax leloupi Zygophylax levinseni Zygophylax pinnata Zygophylax sibogae

o Family Haleciidae (4+ Genera, 35+ Species) Genus Halecium (26+)

Halecium articulosum Halecium banyulense Halecium birulai Halecium conicum Halecium corrugatum Halecium curvicaule Halecium beani

Bean's Halecium Hydroid Halecium delicatulum Halecium groenlandicum Halecium halecinum

Halecium Hydroid Halecium labrosum Halecium lankesteri Halecium liouvillei Halecium mediterraneum Halecium minimum Halecium minutum Halecium muricatum Halecium nanum

Halecium ornatum Halecium petrosum Halecium profundum Halecium pusillum Halecium reflexum Halecium sessile Halecium tenellum

Flared Halecium Hydroid Halecium undulatum Halecium

Genus Hydrodendron (2+) Hydrodendron gorgonoide Hydrodendron mirabile

Genus Hydranthea (3+) Hydranthea aloysii Hydranthea diaphana Hydranthea margarica

Genus Campalecium (3+) Campalecium cirratum Campalecium medusiferum Campelecium microtheca

o Family Halocordylidae (1+ Genera, 1+ Species) Genus Pennaria (1+) Feathered

Hydroid Pennaria disticha

o Family Moerisiidae (3+ Genera, 5+ Species) Genus Moerisia (3+)

Moerisia lyonsi Moerisia pallazsi Moerisia horii

Genus Odessia (1+) Odessia maeotica

Genus Ostroumovia (1+) Ostroumovia inkermanica

o Family Sertulariidae (14+ Genera, 77+ Species) Genus Diphasia (10+)

Diphasia alata Diphasia attenuata Diphasia delagei Diphasia fallax Diphasia margareta

Diphasia nigra Diphasia pinastrum Diphasia pinaster Diphasia rosacea Diphasia tamarisca

Genus Tamarisca (1+) Tamarisca tamarisca

Genus Thuiaria (11+) Silvery Hydroid, White Weed, Sea Fern Thuiaria alternitheca Thuiaria articulata Thuiaria breitfussi Thuiaria carica Thuiaria cupressoides Thuiaria decemserialis Thuiaria hippuris Thuiaria lichenastrum Thuiaria obsoleta Thuiaria thuja Thuiaria variabilis

Genus Dynamena (7+) Dynamena dalmasi Dynamena disticha Dynamena pumila Dynamena cornicina Dynamena crisiodes Dynamena quadridentata

Genus Sertularella (15+) Garland Hydroid Sertularella arbuscula Sertularella crassicaulis Sertularella cubica Sertularella cylindritheca Sertularella ellisii Sertularella fusicormis Sertularella gayi Sertularella mediterranea Sertularella ornata Sertularella picta Sertularella simplex Sertularella tenella Sertularella unituba Sertularella polyzonias Sertularella rugosa

Sertularella diaphana Genus Salacia (2+)

Salacia desmoides Salacia dubia

Genus Selaginopsis (1+) Selaginopsis fusca

Genus Symplectoscyphus (3+) Symplectoscyphus

amphorifera Symplectoscyphus bathyalis Symplectoscyphus

tricuspidatus Genus Abietinaria (4+)

Fern Garland Hydroid Abeitinaria abientina Abeitinaria filicula Abeitinaria interversa Abeitinaria pulchra

Genus Hydrallmania (1+) Hydrallmania falcata

Genus Thujaria (1+) Thujaria articulata

Genus Tridentata (1+) Tridentata turbinata

Genus Amphisbetia (1+) Amphisbetia operculata

o Family Olindiidae (7+ Genera, 9+ Species) Genus Calapasoma (1+)

Calapasoma dactyloptera Genus Gonionemus (2+)

Gonionemus vertens Angled Hydromedusa

Gonionemus vindobonensis Genus Craspedacusta (1+)

Craspedacusta sowerbyi Genus Gossea (2+)

Gossea faureae Gossea corynetes

Genus Maeotias (1+) Maeotias inexpectata

Genus Monobrachium (1+) Monobrachium parasiticum

Genus Olindias (1+)

Olindias phosphoricao Family Plumulariidae (12+ Genera,

42+ Species) Genus Kirchenpaueria (3+)

Kirchenpaueria echinulata Kirchenpaueria pinnata Kirchenpaueria triangulata

Genus Antennella (1+) Antennella secundaria

Genus Monotheca (3+) Monotheca obliqua Monotheca margaretta Monotheca pulchella

Genus Halopteris (1+) Halopteris diaphena

Genus Plumularia (13+) Plumularia alleni Plumularia setacea Plumularia buski Plumularia halecioides Plumularia catharina Plumularia diaphana Plumularia canariensis Plumularia filicula Plumularia floridana Plumularia linkoi Plumularia obliqua Plumularia syriaca

Genus Nematophorus (1+) Nematophorus clarkei

Genus Polyplumaria (2+) Polyplumaria frutescens Polyplumaria flabellata Polyplumaria gracillima

Genus Pseudoplumaria (2+) Pseudoplumaria marocana Pseudoplumaria sabinae

Genus Nemertesia (9+) Nemertesia antennina Nemertesia belini Nemertesia falcicula Nemertesia irregularis Nemertesia norvegica Nemertesia perrieri

Nemertesia ramosa Nemertesia tetrasticha Nemertesia ventriculiformis

Genus Halicornaria (1+) Halicornaria pennatula

Genus Thecocarpus (1+) Thecocarpus myriophyllum

Suborder Limnomedusae (3+ Families, 7+ Genera, 13+ Species)o Family Proboseidactylidae (3+

Genera, 5+ Species) Genus Proboscidactyla (1+)

Proboscidactyla flavicirrata Proboscidactyla ornata Proboscidactyla stellata

Genus Fabienna (1+) Fabienna oligonema

Genus Pochella (1+)

Pochella polynemao Family Solanderiidae (3+ Genera, 6+

Species) Genus Rhopalonema (1+)

Rhopalonema typicum Genus Solanderia (3+)

Solanderia minima Solanderia misakinenesis Solanderia secunda

Genus Somaris (2+) Somaris insculpta Somaris punctatus

o Family Syntheciidae (1+ Genera, 2+ Species) Genus Synthecium (2+)

Synthecium evansi Synthecium megathecum

Contoh representatif:

Obelia sp.sumber: es.wikipedia.org

Hydractinia sp.Sumber: seanet.stanford.edu

Hydra sp.Sumber: nerd-alert.net

Pada ordo ini terdapat satu speies unik, yakni Turritopsis nuticula. hewan ini dinyatakan oleh para ilmuwan sebagai makhluk yang abadi, karena saat mereka telah mencapai puncak kematangan pada siklusnya, mereka kembali sepenuhnya ke fase seksual belum matang, tahap kolonial setelah mereka mencapai kematangan seksual. Mereka dapat kembali ke tahap polip akibat perubahan sel di layar eksternal (Exumbrella), yang memungkinkan mereka untuk menghindari kematian. Sejauh para ilmuwan telah mampu mengetahui, perubahan ini menerjemahkan hampir hydrozoa abadi.

Olindias Formosa (flower hat jellyfish)

Sumber: http://life-sea.blogspot.com/2011/07/life-of-flower-hat-jelly.html

Atas: Turritopsis nutricula

Sumber: http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/featured/only-immortal-animal-on-earth/20087?image=2#Ms2wlpIjdKwC0s7R.99 

Samping: siklus hidup Turritopsis nutricula

sumber: http://versesofuniverse.blogspot.com/2011/12/ubur-ubur-turritopsis-nutricula.html

Milleporina

Total jumlah dari ordo Milleporina yang telah diketahui yakni 1 famili, 1 genus, dan 4 spesies (http://www.alientravelguide.com). Orde ini disebut juga karang api.

o Family Milleporidae (1+ Genera, 4+ Species)

Genus Millepora (4+) Millepora alcicornis Millepora complanata Millepora squarrosa

Contoh representatif:

Stylasterina

Total jumlah dari ordo Stylasterina yang telah diketahui yakni 1 famili, 3 sub-famili, 4 genus, dan 16 spesies (http://www.alientravelguide.com). Ordo ini disebut juga hidrokoral.

o Family Stylasteriidae (3+ Subfamilies, 4+ Genera, 16+ Species) Subfamily Errininae (1+ Genera, 1+ Species)

Genus Errina (1+) Errina altispina

Subfamily Distichoporinae (1+ Genera, 6+ Species) Genus Distichopora (6+)

Millepora sp.Sumber: fr.wikipedia.org

Distichopora anceps Distichopora coccinea Distichopora nitida Distichopora violacea Distichopora roaslinda Distichopora yucatensis

Subfamily Stylasterinae (2+ Genera, 9+ Species) Genus Stylaster (8+)

Stylaster californicus Stylaster complanatus Stylaster duchassaingi Stylaster erubescens Stylaster inornatus Stylaster laevigatus Stylaster roseus Stylaster sanguineus

Genus Crypthelia (1+) Crypthelia glossopoma

Contoh representatif:

Trachylina

Total jumlah dari ordo Trachylina yang telah diketahui yakni 4 famili, 9 genus, dan 12 spesies (http://www.alientravelguide.com).

o Family Rhopalonematidae (4+ genera, 6+ species) Genus Aglantha (1+ species)

Stylantheca sp.Sumber: digitaldiver.net

Hydrallmania sp.Sumber: biani.unige.ch

Aglantha digitale Genus Benthocodon (2+ species)

Benthocodon pedunculata Benthocodon hyalinus

Genus Colobonema (1+ species) Colobonema sericeum

Genus Crossota (2+ species) Crossota rufobrunnea Crossota alba

o Family Geryonidae (2+ genera, 2+ species) Genus Liriope (1+ species)

Liriope tetraphylla Genus Geryonia (1+ species)

Geryonia proboscidaliso Family Halicreatidae (2+ genera, 3+ species)

Genus Haliscera (2+ species) Haliscera conica Haliscera bigelowi

Genus Halicreas (1+ species) Halicreas minimum

o Family Ptychogasteriidae (1+ genera, 1+ species)

Genus Ptychogastria (1+ species) Ptychogastria polaris

Contoh representatif:

Siphonophora

Total jumlah dari ordo Siphonophora yang telah diketahui yakni 5 famili, 7 genus, dan 9 spesies (http://www.alientravelguide.com).

Family Abylidae (1+ Genera, 1+ Species)

Crossota sp.

Sumber: http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/news-most-beautiful-jellyfish-earth?image=8#AT8fMXRzw4CeVDfk.99

o Genus Abyla (1+) Abyla huxleyi

Family Agalmidae (2+ Genera, 3+ Species)o Genus Agalma (2+)

Agalma eleganso Genus Nanomia (1+)

Nanomia cara Family Diphyidae (2+ Genera, 3+ Species)

o Genus Diphyopsis (1+) Diphyopsis angustata

o Genus Muggiaea (2+) Muggiaea atlantica Muggiaea kochi

Family Physaliidae (1+ Genera, 1+ Species)o Genus Physalia (1+)

Physalia physalia Portuguese Man of War

Family Sphaeronectidae (1+ Genera, 1+ Species)o Genus Sphaeronectes (1+) Sphaeronectes gracili

Contoh representatif:

Atas & bawah: Portuguese Man o' War (Physalia physalis)

Sumber: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/portuguese-man-of-war/#

http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/news-most-beautiful-jellyfish-earth?image=3#fEEo1bCF8268gD7M.99

Condrophora

Total jumlah dari ordo Condrophora yang telah diketahui yakni 2 famili, 2 genus, dan 3 spesies (http://www.alientravelguide.com).

Family Velellidae (1+ Genera, 1+ Species)o Genus Velella (1+)

Velella velella By-the-wind Sailor

Family Porpitidae (1+ Genera, 2+ Species)o Genus Porpita (2+)

Porpita linneana Blue Buttons

Porpita pacifica

Contoh representatif:

Velella velella

Sumber: http://life-sea.blogspot.com/2011/07/life-of-by-wind-sailorvelella-velella.html

Actynulida

Total jumlah dari ordo Actynulida yang telah diketahui yakni 2 famili, 2 genus, dan 9 spesies (http://www.alientravelguide.com).

Family Halammohydridae (1+ Genera, 7+ Species)o Genus Halammohydra (7+)

Halammohydra adherens Halammohydra coronata Halammohydra intermedia Halammohydra neglecta Halammohydra octopodides Halammohydra schulzei Halammohydra vermiformis

Family Otohydridae (1+ Genera, 2+ Species)o Genus Otodydra (2+)

Otodydra tremulans Otodydra vagans

Contoh representatif:

Porpita sp.

Sumber: http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/news-most-beautiful-jellyfish-earth?image=9#c8A6TZfaq19yVzau.99

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

http://klikunic.net/mengenal-lebih-jauh-jenis-jenis-terumbu-karang-indonesia-yang-cantik-dan-menawan/

http://seymourcenter.ucsc.edu/Inverts/Cnidaria/Hydrozoa/Stylantheca_porphyra/Stylantheca_porphyra.html

http://www.alientravelguide.com/science/biology/life/animals/coelente/hydrozoa/hydroida/

http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/featured/only-immortal-animal-on-earth/20087?image=2#Ms2wlpIjdKwC0s7R.99

http://versesofuniverse.blogspot.com/2011/12/ubur-ubur-turritopsis-nutricula.html

http://www.alientravelguide.com/science/biology/life/animals/coelente/hydrozoa/stylaste/

http://www.alientravelguide.com/science/biology/life/animals/coelente/hydrozoa/trachyme/

Halammohydra sp.Sumber: discoverlife.org

http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/portuguese-man-of-war/#

http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/news-most-beautiful-jellyfish-earth?image=3#fEEo1bCF8268gD7M.99

http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/news-most-beautiful-jellyfish-earth?image=9#c8A6TZfaq19yVzau.99

http://life-sea.blogspot.com/2011/07/life-of-by-wind-sailorvelella-velella.html

http://www.alientravelguide.com/science/biology/life/animals/coelente/hydrozoa/chondrop/

http://www.alientravelguide.com/science/biology/life/animals/coelente/hydrozoa/siphonop/

http://www.alientravelguide.com/science/biology/life/animals/coelente/hydrozoa/actinuli/

http://life-sea.blogspot.com/2011/07/life-of-flower-hat-jelly.html

Suwignyo, Sugiarti dkk. 2005.Avertebrata Air jilid 1.Jakarta:Penebar Swadaya

TUGAS AVERTEBRATA AIR

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