IPS-CTM

Dept. of MechanicalPresentation By- AJAY SAVITA

ME-A(5th Sem.)Roll No. :: 0928ME121007

BASICS OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

What is Hydro power ?

The objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert

the potential energy of water, flowing in a stream

with a certain fall to the turbine , into Mechanical

and then in electric energy at the lower end of the

scheme, where the powerhouse is located.

Arrangement of Hydropower plant

Working Principle of Hydro power plant

The water available at the high head. ( i.e. potential energy)

That energy is converted into kinetic energy.

Which generates the Mechanical energy.

And with the help of Generator mechanical power is converted into Electrical power.

Sizes of Hydropower PlantsPico hydroelectric plant.

◦ Up to 10kW, remote areas, away from the grid.Micro hydroelectric plant

◦ Capacity 10kW to 300kW, usually provided power for small community or rural industry in remote areas away from the grid.

Small hydroelectric plant. ◦ Capacity 300kW to 1MW

Mini hydroelectric plant. ◦ Capacity above 1MW

Medium hydroelectric plant.◦ 15 - 100 MW usually feeding a grid.

Large hydroelectric plant.◦ More than 100 MW feeding into a large electricity grid.

Classification of Hydro power station.

• CLASSIFICATION BASED ON HEAD.

A. High head plant ( < 300 m.)

B. Medium head plant. (60m to 300 m.)

C. Low head plant. ( > 60m.)

• CLASSIFICATION BASED ON WATER CONDITION.

A. Flow of water plant.

B. Storage of water plant.

C. Pump storage water plant.

• Classification based on operation.

A. Manual plant.

B. Automatic plant.

• Classification based on type of load.

A. Base load plant.

B. Peak load plant.

Classification Cont….

Element of Hydro power station

1. Reservoir.

2. Catchments area.

3. Dam.

(a) Earthen dam.

(b) Masonry dam.

(c) Concrete dam.

4. Spill ways.

5. Fish Screen.

6. Fore bay or Intake.

7. Tunnel.

8. Penstock or pipe line.

9. Surge tank.

10. Draft tube.

11. Tail race.

12. Turbine.

Element of Hydro power station

1.ReserviorIt is the place at which the water

have the potential energy.

2.Catchment AreaIt is the Maximum Area where the

water level is maintained.

3.DAMIt is the Barrier which prevent the

flow of water.

4. Spill WayIt is a structure used to provide

the controlled release of flows from a Dam.

5.Fish ScreenIt prevent the passage of fishes

6. Fore bay or Intake

7.TunnelIt is used to divert the water to

the reservior.

8.PenstockThese are used to bring the

water from intake to the Turbine.

9.Surge TankUsed to provide constant

pressure.

10.Draft tubeIt increases the Effective head

and also increases the efficiency.

11.Tail raceIt is the place where the water

discharges through draft tube to flow freely.

12. TurbinesIt is heart of plant and converts

the water energy into mechanical energy.

It plays very important role in the development of country.

It provides power at cheapest rate.About 20% of the total world power is

generated using hydro power plants.

WHY HYDRO-POWER PLANT?

Major Hydropower Producers

Major Hydropower generating units

NAME STATA CAPACITY (MW)

BHAKRA PUNJAB 1100

NAGARJUNA ANDHRA PRADESH 960

KOYNA MAHARASHTRA 920

DEHAR HIMACHAL PRADESH 990

SHARAVATHY KARNATAKA 891

KALINADI KARNATAKA 810

SRISAILAM ANDHRA PRADESH 770

Coal vs. Hydro Kinetic Energy Conversion

35% 95%

1. The capital cost of generators, civil engineering work etc is high.

2. High cost of transmission lines.

3. Long dry seasons may effect the delivery of power.

Disadvantage of Hydro power station.

‘THANK YOU’