Hydrogen Supplementation in CI engines

By:-

Harman Singh 09109044

Surendra Singh Dhaked 09109084

Surendra Kumar Meena 09109083

Avinash Kumar Roy 09109025

Project Guide :- Dr S.S Sandhu

Introduction To Use Hydrogen as part of air in A/F mixture with hydrogen

content varying from 10-30 % of energy value of diesel Development of Liquid seal flame arrestor To Study Effect of hydrogen supplementation in Engines

Performance and Emissions

Basic Concept and Why we use it

To Use Hydrogen for improving Combustion efficiency and hence increase overall efficiency and reduce emissions

Properties of Hydrogen makes it ideal for combustion engines

The only problem is at self igntition temperatures is very high that’s why directly in CI engines ,Even igntition is not achieved at CR’s of 29:1

The only option is to use it as supplement mode

Properties of hydrogen

High Calorific Value 141MJ/kg High Diffusity Wide Flammability (4-74 % in air) Low Ignition energy .02mJ High Flame speeds at stiochometric ratios(3.46 m/s)

Flow chart

Assembly of Experimental

Setup

Testing on Engine Test

Rig

Analysis of results

Experimental setup

Components

Hydrogen Cylinder at 200 bar Pressure regulator Flowmeter Flame arrestor Pressure Gauge Inlet manifold Single Cylinder engine Exhaust Hydraulic hoses

Flame Control systems

If there is any mixture imbalance flashback which can be catastrophic.Following systems will be used to control it Dry Flame arrestor Wet Flame arrestor

Liquid Seal Flame arrestor It is cylindrical vessel which will contain water and hydrogen is

passed through Maximum pressure in vessel can go up to 10 bar.Design method

of a pressure vessel was used In case of flashback water will cool down the flame and extinguish

it Instrumentation was done through pressure gauge and flow meter

at outlet

Fabrication Cylinder of hot rolled sheet metal was prepared of 1.5 mm

thickness Flare stack was prepared hemispherical of same material It has been fixed to cylinder rubber and silicone gel adhesive

seal

Analysis

Parameters to be analyzed

Engine Performance Parameters

1. Brake thermal efficiency

Calculation methods

Volume of hydrogen required :-

Brake thermal efficiency

Results and discussion Leakage test passed by using LPG System failed to check leakage of hydrogen at higher flow

rates Retrofitted system using epoxy seal

Results on diesel

Load(W) V I VI

output diesel power(W)

Input volume(cc) time taken fuel/s fuel/min

input power

Efficiency%)

200 188 0.5 94 130.5556 10 88.14 0.113456 6.807352 4065.577 3.211243

400 193 1.3 250.9 348.4722 10 72.13 0.138639 8.318314 4967.974 7.014372

600 197 2 394 547.2222 10 66.16 0.151149 9.068924 5416.264 10.10332

800 198 2.7 534.6 742.5 10 57.8 0.17301 10.38062 6199.654 11.97647

1000 197 3.5 689.5 957.6389 10 56.29 0.177651 10.65909 6365.962 15.04311

Calculation of required hydrogen

FUEL cc/min

fuel flow kg/hr

Energy Consumption (KJ/hr)

5% H2 Substitution (kg/ hr)

Absolute

Pressure of 5%

Hydrogen

(N/m2 or Pa)

Temperature of 5% Hydrogen (°K) H2 5%

(lpm)

H2 at 10% by mass

lpm at 10

H2 at 15% by mass

lpm at 15

H2 at 20% by mass

lpm at 20

H2 at 25% by mass lpm

H2 at 30% by mass lpm

6.8070.3389

8914237.

52120.005947168 200000 298

0.5754228

0.011894

1.150846

0.017842

1.726268

0.023789

2.301691

0.029736

2.877114

0.035683

3.452537

8.3180.4142

3617397.

92880.007267305 200000 298

0.703153643

0.014535

1.406307

0.021802

2.109461

0.029069

2.812615

0.036337

3.515768

0.043604

4.218922

9.0680.4515

8618966.

62880.007922568 200000 298

0.766554128

0.015845

1.533108

0.023768

2.299662

0.03169

3.066217

0.039613

3.832771

0.047535

4.599325

10.380.5169

2421710.

8080.009068842 200000 298

0.877462709

0.018138

1.754925

0.027207

2.632388

0.036275

3.509851

0.045344

4.387314

0.054413

5.264776

10.650.5303

722275.

540.009304737 200000 298

0.900286884

0.018609

1.800574

0.027914

2.700861

0.037219

3.601148

0.046524

4.501434

0.055828

5.401721

Final results

hydrogen energy input at 10 %

Diesel input during H2 supplementation(cc/s)

diesel energy input output(V) I Power efficiency

hydrogen energy input at 20 % diesel input(cc/s) power efficiency

406.5577 0.038462 1680.769 190 0.5 131.9444 7.817683 813.1155 0.037037 1618.519 131.944 5.426146

496.7974 993.5949

541.6264 1083.253

619.9654 1239.931

636.5962 1273.192

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.50

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16 efficiency at 0% efficiency at 10 % efficiency at 20%

Discussion and epilogue

Efficiency is optimum around 10 percent of hydrogen at lower loads

At higher loads it is expected to have better improvement of efficiency

Can be calculated by improvement of flame trap

References ON-BOARD HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMOTIVE

APPLICATION BY L. M. DAS HYDROGEN COMBUSTION IN A COMPRESSION IGNITION DIESEL ENGINE BY

STANISLAW SZWAJA*, KAROL GRAB-ROGALINSKI PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION STUDIES ON PORT INJECTION OF HYDROGEN

WITH VARIED FLOW RATES WITH DIESEL AS AN IGNITION SOURCE BY N. SARAVANAN A,G. NAGARAJAN

COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL-HYDROGEN DUALENGINE BY W.B. SANTOSO1,2, A. NUR, S. ARIYONO1.A. BAKAR1

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HYDROGEN ENRICHMENT ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION BEHAVIOUR OF COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE BY PULLAGUR, KAKELLI RAVI KUMAR, PIYUSH CHANDRA VERMA , ABHASH JAISWAL, R.PRAKASH, S.MURUGAN