Hydrogen production from by-product glycerol by SCWG

7/23/2019 Hydrogen production from by-product glycerol by SCWG

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hydrogen-production-from-by-product-glycerol-by-scwg 1/62

Prepared by :Prepared by : Nihal ÜREMEK CENGİZ Nihal ÜREMEK CENGİZ

Supervisors :Supervisors : Prof. Dr. Mithat YÜKSELProf. Dr. Mithat YÜKSEL

Prof. Dr. Levent BALLİCEProf. Dr. Levent BALLİCE Prof. Dr. Mehmet SALAMProf. Dr. Mehmet SALAM

S!"mi##ion Date$ %&.'(.%')'



ContentsContents

*orl+ Ener,- Pro#e/t#

Ener,- re#o!r/e# an+ rene0a"le

alternative# Biof!el Pro+!/tion 1e/hnolo,ie#

Bioma## to hi,h a++e+ val!e /hemi/al# Re/ent St!+ie# on Gl-/erol

%%



Contents-2Contents-2

Bio+ie#el 2 Gl-/erol otentialBio+ie#el 2 Gl-/erol otential

Pro/e##e# to ro+!/e h-+ro,en from ,l-/erolPro/e##e# to ro+!/e h-+ro,en from ,l-/erol

S!er/riti/al 0ater S!er/riti/al 0ater Pro3e/t material# 4in/l!+in, anal-ti/al 2Pro3e/t material# 4in/l!+in, anal-ti/al 2

in#tr!mental e5!iment#6in#tr!mental e5!iment#6

E7erimental Re#!lt#E7erimental Re#!lt#

88



World Energy ProspectsWorld Energy Prospects

60% 63-160%

Increase in

Population Energy demand

So!r/e$9C:A;# 1he *orl+ <a/t"oo=

9 *orl+ P>PClo/= Pro3e/tion? @.S. Cen#!# B!rea!

9 Ener,- So!r/e#? %$)))))%?%''



Other concernsOther concerns

Poll!tionPoll!tion ?? Re#o!r/e +eletionRe#o!r/e +eletion? Climate Chan,e? Climate Chan,e

((



Energy SourcesEnergy Sources

< <o##il ener,- #o!r/e# li=e etrole!m?o##il ener,- #o!r/e# li=e etrole!m?nat!ral ,a# an+ /oal 0hi/h have limite+ re#erve#nat!ral ,a# an+ /oal 0hi/h have limite+ re#erve#..

1he fir#t ener,- /ri#i# emer,e+ in )&8 0a#1he fir#t ener,- /ri#i# emer,e+ in )&8 0a##erio!#l- #ho0e+ that the#e nonrene0a"le#erio!#l- #ho0e+ that the#e nonrene0a"le

ener,- #o!r/e# 0ill not meet the ener,- +eman+ener,- #o!r/e# 0ill not meet the ener,- +eman+of the 0orl+.of the 0orl+.



Energy Sources-2Energy Sources-2

&&



Reneable EnergyReneable Energy

R R ene0a"le ener,- #o!r/e# li=eene0a"le ener,- #o!r/e# li=e#olar ener,-?#olar ener,-? h-+roo0er?h-+roo0er? an+an+

"ioma## attra/t intere#t of man- "ioma## attra/t intere#t of man-re#ear/her#. 1he#e /an rovi+ere#ear/her#. 1he#e /an rovi+ethe #o!r/e of rene0a"le li5!i+?the #o!r/e of rene0a"le li5!i+?,a#eo!# an+,a#eo!# an+ #oli+ f!el#.#oli+ f!el#.

FF



Reneable energy sourcesReneable energy sources

S!mmar- of ener,- re#o!r/e# /on#!mtion in @nite+ State#? %''

So!r/e$@SDAD>E? %''(? htt$000.eere.ener,-.,ov"ioma##!"li/ation#.html.

9B- %'8'? "ioener,-? )(%'H ener,- /on#!mtion



Biofuel type Specic name Feedstock Conversion Tecnolo!ies

Pure vegetable oil "ure plant oil #""$&

Strai!t ve!eta'le oil#S($

$il crops #e)!) rapeseed& oilpalm& soy& canola& *atropa&castor& +

Cold pressin! e,traction

Biodiesel - Biodiesel from

ener!y crops metyland etyl esters offatty acids

- Biodiesel from.aste

- $il crops #e)!) rapeseed& oil

palm& soy& canola& *atropa&castor& +

- /aste cookin!fryin! oil

- Cold and .arm pressin!

e,traction& purication&and transesterication

- ydro!enation

Bioethanol Conventional 'io-etanol

Su!ar 'eet& su!ar cane&!rain

ydrolysis andfermentation

Biogas 2p!raded 'io!as Biomass #.et naero'ic di!estion

Bio-ETBE Bioetanol Cemical Syntesis

Overvie o! "io!uel Production

#echnologies

$irst-%igh &evel "io!uel Con!erence in '!rica

'ddis 'baba( Ethiopia

)*th +uly - ,st 'ugust 2** )')'



"iomass to high added value chemicals"iomass to high added value chemicals

Bioma##

E7tra/tionof /hemi/al#

Bio+ie#el ro+!/tion

Gl-/erol

S!,arfermentation

1hermo/hemi/al/onver#ion

9 Ethanol 9 Lactic acid

Chemicals

9 Proteins9 Vitamins9 Fragrances9 Pharmaceuticals

BioSNG

ChemicalsChemicals

))))



Recent Studies on .lycerolRecent Studies on .lycerol

Catalytic and /on-catalytic Supercritical Water .asi!ication o! 0icroalgae andCatalytic and /on-catalytic Supercritical Water .asi!ication o! 0icroalgae and

.lycerol( 'nand .1 Chainala(3 4er W1 $1 5Wim6 "rilman( Wim P101 van.lycerol( 'nand .1 Chainala(3 4er W1 $1 5Wim6 "rilman( Wim P101 van

Saai7( and Sascha R1 '1 8ersten(Saai7( and Sascha R1 '1 8ersten( Institute, UniVersity of Twente, PO Bo !"#, Institute, UniVersity of Twente, PO Bo !"#,

#$%% &E Enschede, The 'etherlands#$%% &E Enschede, The 'etherlands , , Ind( Eng( Chem( )es( Ind( Eng( Chem( )es( 2010, 49, 1113–11222010, 49, 1113–1122

Catalytic gasi!ication o! glycine and glycerol inCatalytic gasi!ication o! glycine and glycerol in supercritical ater(supercritical ater( 4onghai 9u(4onghai 9u(Shuhong Wang3( 9in %u( Chongming Chen( ;ingming <hang(=anmeng .ong(Shuhong Wang3( 9in %u( Chongming Chen( ;ingming <hang(=anmeng .ong( State Ke- La"orator- of M!ltiha#e <lo0 in Po0er En,ineerin,? IiJan iaoton,State Ke- La"orator- of M!ltiha#e <lo0 in Po0er En,ineerin,? IiJan iaoton,@niver#it-? IiJan? Shaan7i Provin/e &)''? China@niver#it-? IiJan? Shaan7i Provin/e &)''? China ?? International *ournal of International *ournal of

+ydrogen Energy, +ydrogen Energy, - . ! % % / 0 $ $ # 1 $ 2 - - . ! % % / 0 $ $ # 1 $ 2 -

Ionic reactions and pyrolysis o! glycerol as competingIonic reactions and pyrolysis o! glycerol as competing reaction pathays in near-reaction pathays in near-and supercritical aterand supercritical ater( W1 "u> hler( E1 4in7us( %1+1 Ederer 3( '1 8ruse 3( C1( W1 "u> hler( E1 4in7us( %1+1 Ederer 3( '1 8ruse 3( C1

0as(0as( Institut fu3r Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungs4entrum 5arlsruhe, PO Bo 2-%, #2%!" Institut fu3r Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungs4entrum 5arlsruhe, PO Bo 2-%, #2%!"

5arlsruhe, 6ermany 5arlsruhe, 6ermany , , Re/eive+ <e"r!ar- %'') re/eive+ in revi#e+ form %' !l- %'')Re/eive+ <e"r!ar- %'') re/eive+ in revi#e+ form %' !l- %'')a//ete+ %8 A!,!#t %'')a//ete+ %8 A!,!#t %'')

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Catalytic dehydration o! glycerol in sub- and supercritical ater: a neCatalytic dehydration o! glycerol in sub- and supercritical ater: a ne

chemical process !or acrolein productionchemical process !or acrolein production(( L. >tt? M. Bi/=er an+ . o,el?L. >tt? M. Bi/=er an+ . o,el? )ecei7ed $th 8ay !%%$, &cce9ted "-th 'o7em:er !%%$ )ecei7ed $th 8ay !%%$, &cce9ted "-th 'o7em:er !%%$ , , First 9u:lished as an First 9u:lished as an

&d7ance &rticle on the we: $th ;ecem:er !%%$ &d7ance &rticle on the we: $th ;ecem:er !%%$ ;OI< "%("%/=:$%2!>$c ;OI< "%("%/=:$%2!>$c

Catalytic gasi!ication o! glycerol in supercritical aterCatalytic gasi!ication o! glycerol in supercritical ater( 'nna 0aya( +oan( 'nna 0aya( +oan

Salvad?a(b( Carles #orrasb( 4aniel 0ontan@a(b(Salvad?a(b( Carles #orrasb( 4aniel 0ontan@a(b( a Deartment +JEn,in-eria∗a Deartment +JEn,in-eria∗

O!mi/a? @niver#itat Rovira i ir,ili 4@R6? Av. PaQ#o# Catalan# %? 8''&O!mi/a? @niver#itat Rovira i ir,ili 4@R6? Av. PaQ#o# Catalan# %? 8''&1arra,ona? Sain? " Bioener,- an+ Biof!el# Divi#ion? Catalonia :n#tit!te for1arra,ona? Sain? " Bioener,- an+ Biof!el# Divi#ion? Catalonia :n#tit!te forEner,- Re#ear/h 4:REC6? Av. PaQ#o# Catalan# )? 8''& 1arra,ona? Sain?Ener,- Re#ear/h 4:REC6? Av. PaQ#o# Catalan# )? 8''& 1arra,ona? Sain? Re/eive+ in revi#e+ form % Mar/h %')Re/eive+ in revi#e+ form % Mar/h %')'? Chemi/al En,ineerin, o!rnal'? Chemi/al En,ineerin, o!rnal

Recent Studies on .lycerol-2

)8)8



Aalue-added Btiliation o! Crude .lycerol !rom "iodieselAalue-added Btiliation o! Crude .lycerol !rom "iodiesel Production: 'Production: '

Survey o! Current Research 'ctivitiesSurvey o! Current Research 'ctivities( /aresh Pachauri( "rian %e(( /aresh Pachauri( "rian %e( Biolo,i/alBiolo,i/alan+ A,ri/!lt!ral En,ineerin,? @niver#it- of :+aho? Mo#/o0? :+aho F8F%''an+ A,ri/!lt!ral En,ineerin,? @niver#it- of :+aho? Mo#/o0? :+aho F8F%'' ?? An An

&?&BE 8eeting Presentation, Pa9er 'um:er< %22!!, &?&BE 8eeting Presentation, Pa9er 'um:er< %22!!, Portlan+? >re,on? )%Portlan+? >re,on? )%!l- %''!l- %''

Chemoselective catalytic conversion o! glycerol as a bioreneable source toChemoselective catalytic conversion o! glycerol as a bioreneable source to

valuable commodity chemicals( Chun-%ui 5Clayton6 <hou(3ab +orge /1valuable commodity chemicals( Chun-%ui 5Clayton6 <hou(3ab +orge /1

"eltramini(b =ong-9ian $ana and .1 ;1 50a6 &u3b"eltramini(b =ong-9ian $ana and .1 ;1 50a6 &u3b? Re/eive+ Fth >/to"er? Re/eive+ Fth >/to"er%''&?%''&? <ir#t !"li#he+ a# an A+van/e Arti/le on the 0e" %%n+ Novem"er %'<ir#t !"li#he+ a# an A+van/e Arti/le on the 0e" %%n+ Novem"er %'''&&

Recent Studies on .lycerol-)Recent Studies on .lycerol-)

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"iodiesel"iodiesel

• EEnvironmental "enefit#nvironmental "enefit#?? lo0erlo0eremi##ion of /ar"onemi##ion of /ar"on mono7i+emono7i+ean+ /ar"on +io7i+e /omare+ toan+ /ar"on +io7i+e /omare+ to

re,!lar +ie#el 4Nationalre,!lar +ie#el 4National Bio+ie#el Boar+? %''6.Bio+ie#el Boar+? %''6.

•

<<romrom ve,eta"le #o!r/e#ve,eta"le #o!r/e#4#o-"ean? #!nflo0er? /anola?4#o-"ean? #!nflo0er? /anola?/otton #ee+?/otton #ee+? rae#ee+ an+ almrae#ee+ an+ almoil6 an+ animal fat#.oil6 an+ animal fat#.

)()(



Comparison o! technologiesComparison o! technologies

Economic versus environmental aspectsEconomic versus environmental aspects

So!r/e$ :EE Leii,? %''&

))



"iodiesel Production"iodiesel Production

4epending on the !eedstoc and process4epending on the !eedstoc and processdesign( biodiesel production results in severaldesign( biodiesel production results in several

by-products:by-products:

Crude glycerolCrude glycerol WashaterWashater

Press caePress cae

Crop residuesCrop residues

)F)F



TRANSESTERIFICATION

PRESS

CAKE

BIODIESEL

Oil

pressing

CRUDE

GLYCEROL

OIL CROPS

ALGAE

Washing

WASTE

OIL

VIRGIN

OIL

CRUDE

BIODIESEL

WASHWATER

METHANOL + KOH

))



.lycerol Potential.lycerol Potential

Glycerol ;

i# a ol-al/ohol ?/lear? /olorle## li5!i+

h-,ro#/oi/o+orle##!#e+ in foo+ an+ /o#meti/##-nthe#ie+ /hemi/all- from

ei/hloroh-+rin? +erive+ from ro-lene or "io/hemi/all- "-mi/ro"ial fermentation

%'%'



.lycerol Potential.lycerol Potential

'' ''' tone# in E!roe in %''

,l-/erol mar=et ri/e ha#+e/rea#e+ tofrom )L to '.&L "-

%')'

/annot "e !#e+ in /o#meti/# orfoo+ !nle## a /o#tl- refinin, ro/e##

,l-/erol rere#ent# aro!n+ )'0tH of the lant ro+!/t

0olecular

!ormula

C)

%D

5O%6)

0olar mass 21*)F2 gGmol

4ensity ,12H, gGcm

%)%)



Processes to produce %ydrogenProcesses to produce %ydrogen

!rom .lycerol!rom .lycerol

1o imrove the e/onomi/# of "io+ie#el

ro+!/tion an+ al#o to imrove the ,l-/erolmar=et? it i# imortant to ro/e## ,l-/erol intoval!ea++e+ ro+!/t#.

P-rol-#i#

Steam Ga#ifi/ationSC*G

%%%%



%8%8



Supercritical Water( SCWSupercritical Water( SCW

1he 0ater 0hi/h i# at a"ove the /riti/al re##!re1he 0ater 0hi/h i# at a"ove the /riti/al re##!re

an+ temerat!re of 0ater 41an+ temerat!re of 0ater 41//$ 8&TC an+ P$ 8&TC an+ P

//$ %%)$ %%) "ar6 "ar6

i# /alle+ a# #!er/riti/al 0ater.i# /alle+ a# #!er/riti/al 0ater.@n+er the#e /on+ition#?@n+er the#e /on+ition#?

++iele/tri/ /on#tant?iele/tri/ /on#tant?

vi#/o#it-?vi#/o#it-? +en#it-+en#ition ro+!/t of 0ation ro+!/t of 0ater er

%%



:n #!/h /on+ition#? 0ater !n+er,oe# #i,nifi/ant variation# of it# h-#i/al roertie#?:n #!/h /on+ition#? 0ater !n+er,oe# #i,nifi/ant variation# of it# h-#i/al roertie#? li=e +e/rea#in, of the +iele/tri/ /on#tant? thermal /on+!/tivit-? ion ro+!/t an+li=e +e/rea#in, of the +iele/tri/ /on#tant? thermal /on+!/tivit-? ion ro+!/t an+

vi#/o#it-vi#/o#it- 0hile the +en#it- onl- +e/rea#e# #lo0l-.0hile the +en#it- onl- +e/rea#e# #lo0l-.

%(%(



Supercritical Water( SCW-2Supercritical Water( SCW-2

A #!er/riti/al fl!i+ o##e##e# the/hara/teri#ti/# of "oth fl!i+ an+ ,a#eo!#

#!"#tan/e#$ the fl!i+ "ehavior of +i##olvin,#ol!"le material#? an+ the ,a#eo!# "ehaviorof e7/ellent +iff!#i"ilit-.

%%



Supercritical Water( SCW-)Supercritical Water( SCW-)

%&%&

1h!#? #!er/riti/al 0atera/t# a# a homo,eneo!# nonolar#olvent of hi,h +iff!#ivit- an+ hi,htran#ort roertie#?a"le to +i##olve an- or,ani/ /omo!n+#

an+ ,a#e#.a/t# a ,oo+ #olvent al#o for ,a#e# an+nonolar or,ani/ material#?al#o #erve# a# a rea/tant aart from "ein, a #olvent in man- rea/tion#?

"ehave# a# a /atal-#t in man- a/i+ or "a#e /atal-e+ or,ani/ rea/tion#?/an #tart the ra+i/al rea/tion# at a"ove/riti/al re##!re an+ /riti/al temerat!re.



Phase Change o! Water in a Aicinity o!Phase Change o! Water in a Aicinity o!

its critical pointits critical point

%F%F



"io!uel 'pplications: .ases"io!uel 'pplications: .ases

%ydrogen%ydrogen$ /an "e !#e+ in f!el$ /an "e !#e+ in f!el/ell# for ,eneratin, ele/tri/it-/ell# for ,eneratin, ele/tri/it-

0ethane0ethane$ /an "e /om"!#te+$ /an "e /om"!#te++ire/tl- or /onverte+ to ethanol+ire/tl- or /onverte+ to ethanol

%%



%ydrogen%ydrogenJJ Energy CarrierEnergy Carrier

-+ro,en i# not an ener,- #o!r/e an+ not a-+ro,en i# not an ener,- #o!r/e an+ not a rimar- ener,- e7i#tin, freel- in nat!re. rimar- ener,- e7i#tin, freel- in nat!re.

:t i# a #e/on+ar- form of ener,- that ha# to "e:t i# a #e/on+ar- form of ener,- that ha# to "eman!fa/t!re+ li=e ele/tri/it-. :t i# an ener,-man!fa/t!re+ li=e ele/tri/it-. :t i# an ener,-/arrier./arrier.

Com"!#tion ro+!/t of h-+ro,en i# /lean?Com"!#tion ro+!/t of h-+ro,en i# /lean?0hi/h /on#i#t# of 0ater an+ a little amo!nt of0hi/h /on#i#t# of 0ater an+ a little amo!nt ofnitro,en o7i+e#.nitro,en o7i+e#.

8'8'



SCW reaction pathaysSCW reaction pathays

8)8)

High T, low-density range free radical

reactions are preferred, (gas phase rxns)

$igure H : Simlifie+ free ra+i/al rea/tion ath0a-



8%8%

SCW reaction pathays-2 At low T and high P, polar and ionic

reaction pathways dominate (liquid phase rxns)



ComponentsK $ormation PathaysComponentsK $ormation Pathays

8ethanol 8ethanol is formed only :y the radicalis formed only :y the radical

&llyl alcohol &llyl alcohol , which is the second fre@uent , which is the second fre@uent ro+!/t at hi,h temerat!re#? i# al#o forme+ ro+!/t at hi,h temerat!re#? i# al#o forme+

onl-onl- "- the free ra+i/al me/hani#m "- the free ra+i/al me/hani#m

&cetaldehyde &cetaldehyde is the main 9roduct at nearly all is the main 9roduct at nearly all /on+ition#. :t i# forme+ "- an ioni/ an+/on+ition#. :t i# forme+ "- an ioni/ an+

a freea free ra+i/alra+i/al ath0a-ath0a- &crolein &crolein again is formed :y ionic and :y radical again is formed :y ionic and :y radical rea/tion #te#rea/tion #te#

Formaldehyde Formaldehyde in the ionic mechanism is formed in the ionic mechanism is formed "- the #ame "- the #ame rea/tion# a#rea/tion# a#

a/etal+eh-+ea/etal+eh-+e..

Car:on monoideCar:on monoide , , Car:on dioideCar:on dioide , +ydrogen , +ydrogen is formed :y the reaction of is formed :y the reaction of ra+i/alra+i/al##

PProional+eh-+eroional+eh-+e 1he ra+i/al ath0a-1he ra+i/al ath0a- 0hi/h i# ver-0hi/h i# ver- /omli/ate+. >ne of /omli/ate+. >ne of the ath#the ath##tart# from all-l#tart# from all-l al/ohoal/oholl

8888



Supercritical WaterSupercritical Water ..asi!icationasi!icationA+vanta,e#$ i,h ,a#ifi/ation effi/ien/-

i,h h-+ro,en -iel+ <ormation of /har an+ tar i# #!re##e+

Car"on mono7i+e formation i# ne,li,i"le

or 4C> U %> C>% U %6

Comlete /onver#ion

Clean ro+!/t ,a#

88



0aterials0aterials

<ee+#to/=$<ee+#to/=$ P!re ,l-/erol? (',LP!re ,l-/erol? (',L

Cr!+e ,l-/erolCr!+e ,l-/erol

Content o! Crude .lycerol t L

Gl-/erol ('

Methanol %(

So+i!m -+ro7i+e ).''

Steari/ A/i+ '.)%(

8(8(



:n thi# #t!+-? 0aln!t an+ haeln!t a/tivate+/ar"on /atal-#t# 0ere !#e+ a# rimar- /atal-#t#.

Al#o? Co"alt imre,nate+ form# of the#e a/tive

/ar"on# of haeln!t an+ 0aln!t #hell# 0ere !#e+ a##e/on+ar- /atal-#t# for /omari#on.

88$igure ,: SEM hoto of a/tivate+ /ar"on

Catalysts Bsed in the Eperiments



Preparation o! Co ImpregnatedPreparation o! Co Impregnated

'ctivated Carbons'ctivated Carbons1he haeln!t? 0aln!t or anotherra0 material i# mi7e+ 0ith ZnCl%

an+ 0aite+ % h.

:t i# la/e+ into a #e/ial f!rna/e0ith a retort. Retort i# heate+ !to &(' oC #te "- #te. After it i#/oole+ +o0n? it i# 0aite+ in a

H)' Cl #ol!tion? an+ 0a#he+0ith !re 0ater.

1he#e rearation i# +one "- o!rre#ear/h ,ro!

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88



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%' TCmin to )%' TC i#othermal for ( min.

.)8 TCmin to %'( TC i#othermal for ' min.

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GCMS4Ga# Chromato,rah-Ma##

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88



EperimentalEperimental

<ee+$ )( mL fee+#to/= #ol!tion<ee+$ )( mL fee+#to/= #ol!tion Rea/tion time$ ) ho!r Rea/tion time$ ) ho!r

1emerat!re#$ 8''? ''? ('' an+ ''1emerat!re#$ 8''? ''? ('' an+ '' TTCC 1otall- ' e7eriment# 0ith t0o fee+#to/=1otall- ' e7eriment# 0ith t0o fee+#to/=

#ol!tion# an+ +ifferent /atal-#t#.#ol!tion# an+ +ifferent /atal-#t#.



PBRE .&=CERO& PRO4BC# =IE&4SPBRE .&=CERO& PRO4BC# =IE&4S

((



CRB4E .&=CERO& PRO4BC# =IE&4SCRB4E .&=CERO& PRO4BC# =IE&4S



PRO4BC# =I&E4S O$PRO4BC# =I&E4S O$

PBRE '/4 CRB4E .&=CERO& "=PBRE '/4 CRB4E .&=CERO& "=#%E C'#'&=S#S#%E C'#'&=S#S

&&



PBRE .&=CERO& WI#% W'&/B#PBRE .&=CERO& WI#% W'&/B#

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FF



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('('



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'C#IA'#E4-C PRO4BC# =IE&4S'C#IA'#E4-C PRO4BC# =IE&4S

()()



PBRE .&=CERO& CO-I0PRE./'#E4PBRE .&=CERO& CO-I0PRE./'#E4

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(8(8



P@RE GLYCER>L *:1>@1 CA1ALYS1

DN



P@RE GLYCER>L *:1 *ALN@1 AC1:A1EDCA1ALYS1

DD

P@RE GLYCER>L AZELN@1 AC1:A1ED CARB>N



P@RE GLYCER>L AZELN@1 AC1:A1ED CARB>NCA1ALYS1

DH



P@RE GLYCER>L *:1 C>BAL1 :MPREGNA1EDAZELN@1 AC1:A1ED CARB>N CA1ALYS1

D

CRUDEGLYCEROLWITHOUT



CRUDE GLYCEROL WITHOUT

CATALYST

DF

CR@DE GLYCER>L *:1 *ALN@1



CR@DE GLYCER>L *:1 *ALN@1AC1:A1ED CA1ALYS1S

D

CRUDEGLYCEROLWITHHAZELNUT



CRUDE GLYCEROL WITH HAZELNUT

ACTIVATED CARBON CATALYST

H*



CRUDE GLYCEROL WITH CO

IMPREGNATED HAZELNUT

H,

CONCLUSION



CONCLUSION

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect

of the gasification temperature and type of catalyst

The gasification of glycerol leads to formation of gases

consisting of mainly hydrogen, carbon dioxide and

methane.

The gas yield is very sensitive to the reactor

temperature. At high T, gas yield increases and typesof organic compounds and their amounts in aqueous

phase decrease. For higher H2 yields, Co-Impregnated ActivatedCarbon sould be used. Walnut and Hazelnut Activated-

C catalysys showed similar gasification activity.

H2



#%'/8 =OB $OR =OBR

'##E/#IO/1;BES#IO/S

Documents

Hydrogen production from by-product glycerol by SCWG