Hydrocarbons Part 2 Nat 5

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 1815

19

16 17

2120 22 23

What type of carbon to carbon bonds are present in the alkanes

and the cycloalkanes

Single - saturated

What type of carbon to carbon bond is

present in the alkenes

C=C unsaturated

Describe the chemical test to distinguish an unsaturated alkene from

a saturated alkane/cycloalkane.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes) decolourise bromine

ADDITION

Name the type of reaction which takes place when an unsaturated alkene reacts with bromine,

hydrogen or water

Name the product of the reaction between butene and hydrogen

BUTANE

Name the type of chemical reaction taking place.

C5H10 + Br2 C5H10Br2

Addition

What is meant by cracking?

Breaking large hydrocarbons into

smaller, more useful ones.

Apart from speeding up the reaction suggest another reason why a catalyst is used in cracking.

Lower temperatures are used

Name the new homologous series produced by cracking long chain hydrocarbons.

Alkenes

Name the method of producing ethanol from glucose.

Fermentation

What is used as a catalyst in fermentation?

An enzyme in yeast

Why is there a limit to the alcohol concentration produced by fermentation?

The alcohol kills the yeast.

Name the process used to increase the ethanol concentration in ‘spirit’ drinks.

Distillation

Name the method of producing industrial ethanol.

Hydration of ethene - adding water onto ethene

C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH

What can ethanol be mixed with to provide a fuel for cars?

Petrol

Which plant is ethanol obtained from for use as a source of energy?

Sugar cane

Is ethanol an renewable or non-renewable source of energy?

RENEWABLE

Name the type of chemical reaction which takes place when esters are formed.

Condensation

Name the two different types of compounds which react together to form a ester.

An alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

Name the type of chemical reaction which is taking place.

H C C C C

H

H O

OH

HH

H H

HO C C H

H

H

H

H

H C C C C

H

H O

O

HH

H H

C C H

H

H

H

H

+ H2O

CONDENSATION

Name the ester produced frommethanol and propanoic acid

Methyl propanoate

Ethanol and methanoic acid

ethyl methanoate

Name the type of chemical reaction which takes when an ester is broken

down into its parent acid and alcohol.

HYDROLYSIS

Name the alcohol and carboxylic acid produced when ethyl butanoate is hydrolysis.

Ethanol and butanoic acid

H C C C C

H

H O

O

HH

H H

C C

H H

H

HH