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HYDRILLA IN THE DELAWARE & RARITAN CANAL
HEATHER DESKO SENIOR WATERSHED PROTECTION SPECIALIST
NEW JERSEY WATER SUPPLY AUTHORITY
NEW JERSEY WATER MONITORING COUNCIL
24 MAY 2017
HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA
• TWO BIO-TYPES: MONOECIOUS & DIOECIOUS
• NATIVE TO ASIA
• MEANS OF INTRODUCTION: AQUARIUM PLANT
• RECENT INVADER TO MID-ATLANTIC (1980S)
• REPRODUCES BY FRAGMENTATION, TUBERS, &
TURIONS
• TUBERS CAN REMAIN VIABLE 6+ YEARS
• CAN REACH LENGTHS OF UP TO 25 FEET
• CAN GROW UP TO 1 INCH PER DAY!
HYDRILLA – “THE PERFECT WEED”
• ADAPTS TO VARIETY OF CONDITIONS
• WATER DEPTHS – INCHES TO 20+ FT
• LAKES/PONDS & RIVERS
• SALINTY 0-9PPT (POSSIBLY UP TO 13PPT)
• TURBIDITY/WATER CLARITY
• LOW LIGHT TOLERANCE
• EVEN UP TO 10 WEEKS IN TOTAL DARKNESS!
• IMPACTS:
• NATIVE SAV & OTHER BIOTA
• WATER CHEMISTRY
• WATER FLOW
• RECREATION
D&R Canal at Scudders Falls September 2016
Univ. of Michigan
Sea Grant
USDA
HYDRILLA & CYANOBACTERIA
• TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA AETOKTHONOS HYDRILLICOLA
(EAGLE KILLER – GROWS ON HYDRILLA)
• GROWS ON HYDRILLA STEMS ONLY
• UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA (S. WILDE) RESEARCHERS
DISCOVERED AND STUDY THIS
• NJWSA SENT SAMPLES FROM THE CANAL IN EARLY
SEPTEMBER 2016:
• A. HYDRILLICOLA WAS NOT FOUND
For more information: https://www.warnell.uga.edu/research/dr-susan-wilde-avm-research
Serrated edges visible w/ naked
eye
Whorls of 3-8 (typically 5) leaves
Hydrilla Features
LOOKALIKE: COMMON WATERWEED
• ELODEA CANADENSIS
• SLOW-MOVING/STILL WATER, DEPTHS OF 10
FEET
• LEAVES IN WHORLS OF 3 AROUND THE STEM
• EDGES APPEAR SMOOTH, VERY FINE
SERRATIONS REQUIRE MAGNIFICATION TO VIEW
• VERY BRITTLE
• STEMS ARE BRANCHED, AND GROW IN MASSES
ALONG THE BOTTOM
NATIVE
Delaware River at Bulls
Island
Hydrilla & Eelgrass Photo by: Chris Doyle,
SOLitude Lake Management
D&R CANAL SAV MAPPING SUMMARY
Date (2016) Sect. Description Miles # Sites Sites w/Hydrilla % Hydrilla Notes 9/15 and
9/23 1 Rte 179 to Titusville Bridge 5.23 165 67 40.6%
1st occurrence of rooted
hydrilla
9/6 and 9/7 2 Titusville Bridge to
Washington's Crossing 1.74 57 49 86.0%
9/7, 9/8, 9/9 3 Washington's Crossing to
Lower Ferry Road 4.50 149 139 93.3%
9/9 and 9/16
4 Lower Ferry Road to Hermitage
Ave. 2.12 69 60 87.0%
9/21 5 Canal Support Structure to
Carnegie Road 1.97 65 22 33.8% All trace sites
9/22 6 Provinceline Road to Alexander
Road 2.75 92 0 0.0%
Floating hydrilla
fragments observed
Rooted Hydrilla occurred at 337 of 597 Sample Stations (56.4%)
SAMPLE HYDRILLA ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION MAP
• Colored Circles: Rooted
Hydrilla
• Average of Both Banks (2
Tosses)
• Data Collected for All SAV
2016 TUBER MONITORING
Site Name
(Section)
# Cores 2016 Tuber
Density (m2)
2016 Turion
Density (m2)
DR-1 3 462.8 0.0
DR-2 5 85.6 203.3
DR-3 5 288.9 42.8
DR-4 3 320.4 17.8
DR-5 5 10.7 0.0
TUBER MONITORING – 2016 RESULTS
• METHODS OF CONTROL:
• MECHANICAL: CUTTING, HARVESTING, DREDGING
• BIOLOGICAL: TRIPLOID GRASS CARP
• PHYSICAL: BENTHIC MATS
• CHEMICAL: SELECTIVE/BROAD SPECTRUM, SYSTEMIC/CONTACT HERBICIDES
HYDRILLA MANAGEMENT
Photo by: Gene Huntington,
Remote Intelligence
26 options evaluated in the
2017 Canal SAV Management Plan
Available at www.njwsa.org/hydrilla
HERBICIDE: FLURIDONE
Eno River, NC
Photo: Mark Heilman, SePRO
Injection unit
• SLOW ACTING, SYSTEMIC HERBICIDE
• REQUIRES LONG (90-120 DAY) CONTACT TIME
• LOW DOSE (2-4 PPB) REDUCE/ELIMINATE
WATER USE RESTRICTIONS
• AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS, CAN BE VERY
SELECTIVE IN EFFECTS ON OTHER AQUATIC
PLANTS (HYDRILLA HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE)
• PERMITS APPROVED
DYE TRACER STUDY
• RHODAMINE DYE INJECTED FOR 48
HOURS
• DYE CONCENTRATIONS MEASURED
REAL-TIME WITH FLUOROMETER
• DYE SIMULATES HERBICIDE TRAVEL TIME
• CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE OF HERBICIDE
CONCENTRATIONS
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2 4.0
3.9
3.9
3.5
3.2
3.1
2.9 3.1
2.9
2.5 2.1
2.1
Maximum Rhodomine Levels Measured
Following 5 ppb dye injection
BENCHTOP SIMULATIONS
• CANAL WATER WITH FLURIDONE
• SIMULATED EACH TREATMENT PLANT PROCESS
• SAMPLES COLLECTED AND ANALYZED FOR
FLURIDONE CONCENTRATION
• CARBON VERY EFFECTIVE AT REMOVING
FLURIDONE
2017-2019 MONITORING EFFORTS
• 2017 – COMPLETE SUBMERGED
AQUATIC PLANT (SAV) SURVEY OF D&R
CANAL (40 MILES)
• 2017-2019 – ANNUAL SAV SURVEY OF
MANAGEMENT ZONE
• 2017-2019 – ANNUAL TUBER SAMPLING
• 2017-2019 – HERBICIDE
CONCENTRATION MONITORING
Photo by: Chris Doyle
SOLitude Lake Management
Delaware & Raritan Canal,
Workhouse Spillway
(to the Delaware River),
Hopewell Township
EDUCATION
• SIGNAGE/KIOSKS
• BOAT PERMIT ATTACHMENTS
• WEBSITE: WWW.NJWSA.ORG/HYDRILLA
• FAQS
• HANDOUTS
• MUNICIPAL OUTREACH
• D&R CANAL COMMISSION MEETINGS (PUBLIC)
• CANAL WATER CUSTOMER MEETINGS
PREVENTING THE SPREAD
• CHECK FOR AND REMOVE PLANTS, MUD AND
AQUATIC LIFE FROM EQUIPMENT
• DRAIN WATER FROM BOATS, LIVE WELLS, BILGE
AND BAIT BUCKETS
• CLEAN* EQUIPMENT WITH HOT
WATER/DETERGENT AND
• DRY TO THE TOUCH FOR SEVERAL DAYS
SPECIAL THANKS:
HEATHER DESKO
SENIOR WATERSHED PROTECTION SPECIALIST
908-730-0270 X231
CHRIS DOYLE, SOLITUDE LAKE MANAGEMENT
MARK HEILMAN, PH.D., SEPRO
www.njwsa.org/hydrilla