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University of California at Berkeley Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation
Hybrid Simulation Evaluation of the Suspended Zipper Frame
Tony Yang and Andreas Schellenberg
2
Example of the hybrid simulation test. NEES suspended zipper brace frame test.
OpenSees Navigator Graphic user interface for OpenSees.
Example application Three span bridge, Two story Shear,…
Introduction
3
6 m
4 m
4 m
4 m
Inverted-V Braced Frame Suspended Zipper
4
Buffalo Shaking Table Test
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GT Quasi-Static Test
Experimental Testing Analytical Simulation
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CUB Hybrid Simulation Test
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Combine OpenSees with experimental elements Nonlinear buckling behavior accounted in both
analytical and experimental elements Analytical simulation of the brace Modeling the analytical brace using OpenSees Component testing of the brace sub-assembly
Hybrid simulation of the frame Experimental Testing Architecture New Experimental Framework Solution Algorithm
Challenge of the zipper frame test
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Analytical simulation of the brace
Modeling of the analytical brace
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Analytical simulation of the brace Brace behavior under cyclic displacement loading
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-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 -200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
Disp
LocF
orc
IncSine load New2
LocForc(2,4)
Analytical brace Hysteresis loop (Analytical)
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Analytical simulation of the brace Modeling the analytical brace using OpenSees
Quasi-Static testing of the brace Component testing of the brace sub-assembly
Hybrid simulation of the frame Analytical model + experimental sub-assembly
Scope of the test
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Test Setup
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Instrumentation
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Instrumentation
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Instrumentation
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Quasi-Static Test
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Loading History
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Damaged Specimen
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Movie – Out Of Plane Buckling
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Movie – Gusset Plate
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5%
5%
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Brace Axial Forces
0.75 % inter-story drift ratio
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Unbalanced Forces
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Beam Rotation
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Close Up View of the Braces
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More Photos
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OpenSees Model
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Brace Hysteresis
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150Brace 1 hysteresis
Nor
mal
ized
axi
l for
ce [%
]
ExperimentAnalytical
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150Brace 2 hysteresis
Nor
mal
ized
axi
l for
ce [%
]
Axial deformation/Lbrace [%]
ExperimentAnalytical
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Analytical simulation of the brace Modeling the analytical brace using OpenSees
Quasi-Static testing of the brace Component testing of the brace sub-assembly
Hybrid simulation of the frame Analytical model + experimental sub-assembly
Scope of the Test
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Equations of Motion
( ) ,Pr ,n n n n g nM u C u u u M uι+ + = −
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Solution Algorithm Newmark integration method
21 1
12n n n n nu u hu h u uβ β+ +
= + + − +
( )( )1 11n n n nu u h u uγ γ+ += + − +
γ and β are constant coefficients
When γ = 1/2 and β = 1/4 (average acceleration method) When γ = 1/2 and β = 1/6 (linear acceleration method)
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Solution Algorithm Newmark integration method
( )1 1 1 1 , 1Pr ,n n n n g nM u C u u u M uι+ + + + ++ + = −
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
1
1 1 1 12
1 12
Pr , , , 0
n n n
n n n
n n n n
F u M u u u uh h
C u u u h uh
u u u u P
β β β
γ γ γβ β β
+
= − − − −
+ − − − − −
+ − =
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Experimental Testing Architecture
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Transform DOF (displacement)
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Transform DOF (displacement)
Equation 3
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Damaged Specimen (100% LA22YY)
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Movie – LA22YY(200%)
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Movie – Out Of Plane Buckling
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Hybrid Simulation Results
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Hybrid Simulation Results
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Hybrid Simulation Results
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Hybrid Simulation Results
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Analytical Verification
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OpenSees Verification
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OpenSees Verification
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OpenSees Verification
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Distributed Hybrid Simulation
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System evaluation of the suspended zipper frame Analytical simulation of the brace Modeling the analytical brace using OpenSees
Quasi-Static testing of the brace Component testing of the brace sub-assembly
Hybrid simulation test Analytical model + experimental sub-assembly
Summary
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Results of the hybrid simulation Excellent match between the hybrid simulation
results and analytical simulation. Good analytical brace model and experimental
testing. Solution algorithm and experimental testing
architecture works.
Conclusion
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Application of hybrid simulation test Can be used to test multiple sub-assemblies. Larger and more complex structural system. More extreme loading.
Conclusion cont.
52
Behavior of the suspended zipper frame Behave as intended. Many redundancies. Brace buckled of out plane. Zipper column effective transferring. unbalanced
load. Inter-story drift ratio & permanent story drifts. Rotates the beam. Need to be braced. Axial forces in columns to the support.
Conclusion cont.
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Stick Model
Beam Model
Moment Frame
Inverted-V Braced Frame
EBF Model Zipper Frame Shell & Plate
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56
57
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60
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63
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OpenSees Navigator
Define Material: Uniaxial Materials:
Steel01/Steel02 EPP/Elastic/Hysteric Hardening Material Concrete01/Concrete02/Concrete03 ….
nD Materials:
Elastic Isotropic Plane Stress ….
65
OpenSees Navigator
Define Uniaxial Material: Steel01
Fy = 50 ksi
E = 29000 ksi
b = 0.05
Name : A50
66
67
68
69
70
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OpenSees Navigator
Define Element: Line Element:
Truss Elastic Beam Column Nonlinear Beam Column Zero Length Element ….
Solid Element:
Quad Shell ….
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Define Force Beam Column Element
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Define Elastic Beam Column Element
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OpenSees Navigator Define:
Geometry Material
Section
Element
Loading
Recorder
Assign:
Element
Loading
Analysis Option
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To Run OpenSees
Steps:
1. Write OpenSees Input Files (writes TCL files)
2. Save OpenSees.exe Path (needs to be done only once)
3. Run OpenSees
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Mode Shape: 1st Mode
Animation Speed AnalysisCase Recorder Mode Magnification
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Mode Shape: 3rd Mode
Animation Speed AnalysisCase Recorder Mode Magnification
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Deformed Shape
Time Step AnalysisCase Recorder Order Magnification
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Response
Parameter AnalysisCase Recorder Node/Elem DOF
80
Hysteresis Loops
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis
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Hybrid Simulation Example
Experimental ChevronBrace
Element
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Define Experimental Control Templates:
-dSpace 1104
-xPC Target
(-SCRAMNET 150)
-BeamColumnSim
-ChevronBraceSim
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Define ExpControl: xPC Target
84
Define Experimental Setup
Templates:
-OneActuator
-TwoActuators
-ThreeActuators
-ChevronBrace
-ChevronBraceJntOff
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Define ExpSetup: ChevronBrace
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Define Experimental Site Templates:
-LocalSite
-RemoteSite
-NEESExprSite
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Define ExpSite: RFS
88
Define ExpElement: ChevronBrace
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Modify Analysis Options
Integrator Type:
Use AlphaOS Method for Hybrid Simulation
Solution Algorithm:
The AlphaOS Method requires a Linear solution algorithm
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Mode Shape: 1st Mode
Animation Speed AnalysisCase Recorder Mode Magnification
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Response
Parameter AnalysisCase Recorder Node/Elem DOF
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Application Examples 1) Three-Span-Bridge
4,8
3
7
2
6 1,5
42
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108 108 108
Experimental BeamColumn
Properties of Model: • num. DOF = 12 (4 with mass) • Period: T1 = 0.918sec • Damping: ζ1 = 0.02 • ExpElement: EEBeamColumn2d • ExpSetup: ESOneActuator • ExpControl: ECxPCtarget
93
Application Examples 2) Two-Story-Shear
Properties of Model: • num. DOF = 14 (6 with mass) • Period: T1 = 0.618sec T2 = 0.236sec • Damping: ζ1 = 0.02 • ExpElements: EEBeamColumn2d • ExpSetups: ESOneActuator • ExpControl: ECxPCtarget
1
3
5 6
2
4
7
8
10 11
9
12
108
108
216
Experimental BeamColumn
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Application Examples 3) Two-Story-Frame
Properties of Model: • num. DOF = 28 (4 with mass) • Period: T1 = 0.473sec T2 = 0.071sec • Damping: ζ1 = 0.02 • ExpElements: EEBeamColumn2d • ExpSetups: ESOneActuator • ExpControl: ECxPCtarget
1
3
5 6
2
4
7
8
10 11
9
12
54
54
108
Experimental BeamColumn
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A hybrid simulation test has been conducted. Close match between the analytical and
experimental results verifies the applicability of the experiment method.
Graphical user interface creates the OpenSees hybrid model and graphically displays results before, during and after a test. Three additional examples of hybrid simulation test presented.
Conclusion
Thank you!
Development and operation of the nees@berkeley Equipment Site is sponsored by NSF George E. Brown Jr. NEES grants.
http://nees.berkeley.edu http://peer.berkeley.edu/~yang/NEESZipper/ http://peer.berkeley.edu/OpenSeesNavigator/