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HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow February 12, 2019
Class Introduction
• Name • Company • Role • Years in your field • What you want to get out
of the course
4 4
To receive BPI or NATE CEUs, please write your name and correlating ID numbers on the session sign in sheets.
HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Agenda
Current HVAC Options Design Implications The future of HVAC in New Homes
5 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
The Current State Of HVAC Options In New Homes
What is the Most Common HVAC System in New Homes? Gas Electric Heat Pump DHP Alternative options oGSHP oHydronic
Any Others?
7 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Fuel Type Region Wide
8 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Equipment Type Region Wide
9 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Portland Area
10 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Seattle Area
11 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Boise
12 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
DHP vs Heat Pump
13 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
HVAC Design Considerations
What is HVAC Design?
Sizing oLoad Calculation oHVAC Equipment Selection oDuct System Design
Who Does the Design?
15 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Heat Loss/Heat Gain Analysis The ACCA Process Work • Manual “J” calculates heat
loss/heat gain • Manual “S” guides in the
selection process • Manual “D” guides in the duct
design process
Various Sizing Manuals
Equipment Selection for Modern Times 16 16 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
INPUTS: Weather data Square footages Insulation levels U Values glass SHGC ACH Duct multipliers OUTPUTS: Heating/cooling
loads
INPUTS: Heating/cooling
loads Capacity tables Fan data OUTPUTS: Unit selection
INPUTS: TEL Fan data OUTPUTS: Friction rate Duct sizes
Lower front-end costs Greater comfort Lower energy
use
Manual J
Manual S
Manual D
Benefits
The ACCA HVAC Design Process
Equipment Selection for Modern Times 17 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Square Footage and R-U Values
Duct Multiplier
ACH
Limited range in new construction
It’s an educated guess
This is the old Greek formula: UAΔΤ
40K 60K 80K 100K 120K
Selection Process
5 choices
Heating Load Inputs: Gas Furnace Choices
18 18 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Square Footage and R-U Values
Duct Multiplier
ACH
Limited range in new construction
It’s an educated guess
This is the old Greek formula: UAΔΤ
24K 30K 36K 42K 48K 60K
Selection Process
A few more choices
Heating Load Inputs: Heat Pump Choices
19 19 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
House load and room by room loads
Duct Size
Equipment Fan Selection
Friction Rate
Available Static Pressure
T.E.L. Account for devices, watch out for “killer” filters
No weak fans
Surface areas, attics, walls ,floors and R values, windows, ach
Narrower range in new construction
Add up the equivalent length on the longest run
Duct Sizing Inputs
20 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
ACH Reduced Infiltration
No Duct Losses
Improved R-values
40K 60K 80K 100K 120K
Selection Process
Need more appropriate
options 12-30K
Surfaces (UA)
Heating Load Inputs: Ducts Inside Home
21 21 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Ducts in Conditioned Space
22 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Ducted Mini-Split Design • Select equipment with at least a 4:1 ratio between its maximum
capacity and minimum capacity at 47º
• Place and orient indoor heads to allow for maintenance/ service o Closets and dropped ceiling are good options
o Locate ducts and equipment in conditioned space
Equipment Selection for Modern Times 23 23 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
<0 0 - 9 10 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 35 35 to 39 40 to 44 45 to 49 50 to 54 55 to 59
Hours in Temp Bin
DHP Sizing
BTU/Hr Hours in bin Boise
Design load: 24 K@9F Nom Size 24K
10 K low output
4K low output
3300 hrs. 1529 hrs.
Sizing Ductless Heat Pumps in Boise
Equipment Selection for Modern Times 24 24 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Cold Climate DHP
25 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
90-100° F
Well below 0° F
DHP Hot Supply Air Temperature
26 26 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Smart Thermostats
27 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Above Code Programs
Two easiest ways to reduce HERs score:
1. DHP
2. HPWH
Easiest way to jump to higher EPS tier:
1. HPWH
2. DHP
28 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
CO₂ HPWH Combination Heating & DHW • Sanden as a HWPH only – AWESOME! • Design challenges as a Combi system • Significant research
29 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Research on CO²
30
EcoRuno
HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
The Present and Future of New Construction
• Stringent energy codes and legislated code cycles following in the wake of above-code programs
• Growing market demand for more energy-efficient and sustainable homes
• Heating and cooling loads dropping sharply in new homes
• Existing technology limitations are giving way to highly efficient emerging technologies and practices
• Homeowners view this technology as a part of a Net Zero life style
31 31 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes
and Tomorrow
Future of HVAC
Heating and Cooling
50+% of Residential Energy Use
Daikin Altherma Brochure
Potential Savings Comparison
Lighting and HVAC applies to Residential and Commercial buildings. HVAC includes water heating
Future GWP Reduction
6 Big (Potential) Market changes
1. inverter driven compressors 2. advanced heat exchangers 3. new refrigerants 4. distributed intelligence 5. carbon neutral policy goals 6. trades workforce
36 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Early Examples HPWH Ductless HP
CO2 Hydronic HP VRF Residential Appliance HPs
VHE DOAS + VRF HP
Old School HPs
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Per
cent
of M
axim
um
Outdoor Temperature (°F)
Heat Pump Capacity & House Heating Need
Cold Climate iASHP Standard DHP Old School HP HOUSE LOAD
Old
Sch
ool H
P
Backup Heat Required with a Conventional HP
Cold Climate HP
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Per
cent
of D
esig
n
Outdoor Temperature (°F)
Heat Pump Capacity & House Heating Need
Cold Climate iASHP Standard DHP Old School HP HOUSE LOAD
39
Old
Sch
ool H
P
Col
d C
limat
e iA
SH
P
Backup Heat Required with a Cold Climate HP
Alonetic iASHP
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Per
cent
of D
esig
n
Outdoor Temperature (°F)
Heat Pump Capacity & House Heating Need
Cold Climate iASHP Standard DHP Old School HP HOUSE LOAD
With “Alonetic” Storage
Bend, Boise, and Tri-Cities Puget Sound,
Willamette Valley Missoula, Spokane, Pocatello
Inverter Driven Compressors
Low Temperature Operation Modulated Output
Demand Responsive
Advanced Heat Exchangers
New Refrigerants Phase out of high GWP refrigerants by ~2035* North America phase out R134a (automotive, refrigeration) banned Jan, 2021 R410a (heat pumps, air conditioners) delisted Jan, 2024
New refrigerants will shift systems to hydronic distribution Quicker defrost Improved DR capability Higher efficiency
*Developed Countries - Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
43 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
ASHP
Intelligence
Homeowner Preferences
Weather Forecast
House Info
Utility Info
DATA GATHERED
The system learns how to optimize comfort and operational cost
Smart Thermostats and HEMs don’t know how to optimize the HP operation
Demand Response Protocols OpenADR 2.0
• Smart Grid Communications standard • No hardware • California’s preference
ANSI/CTA 2045 • “the USB drive” of DR • PGE and EPRI Study – validated concept with water heaters • Get to scale = cheap peaking power plant
45 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
What if? • HVAC pricing was transparent • Sizing didn’t matter • Commissioning and QC was automatic • As-built performance provided – via an App • HVAC was sold as a service, not a product
• How would these make a difference?
46 HVAC Technologies for Today’s New Homes and Tomorrow
Discussion
THANK YOU
Christopher Dymond 503-688-5454 [email protected]
Mark Jerome 541-670-8495 [email protected]
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