Humans Try to Control Nature

Development of new technology, artistic skills, and

agriculture

Early Advances

• ____________: people who moved from place to place in search of _______

• _________________: people who depend on _______ and collecting plants for food

• _____: stone, ___, and wood for knives, fish hooks and chisels.

Art

• Made necklaces, carved sculptures and created _____ paintings-mostly of ______

• Made paint from charcoal, mud, and _________

Agriculture

• _________________ or Agricultural Revolution-changes resulting in the beginnings of _____.

• One of the greatest

__________ in history.

How and why….

• Mostly likely due to ________ changes- as temps rose it provided better ________ seasons

• As__________ grew- hunter-gatherers were under more pressure to find _____…______ became a good idea

• Farming gave a ______ food source

Early Farming Methods• ____________: cut trees or grasses

and burned them to clear the field. The _____ fertilize the soil. After a few years of planting- the method is _____.

• ____________ animals to help with farming-sheep,

goats, camels

Villages Grow and Prosper

• Farming developed in _____ places – river valleys

• Africa- ________

• China- Huang He (yellow river)

• Mexico and Central America- corn, beans, and _____

• ______- Central Andes- tomatoes, white potatoes

Civilization• Villages grow into _____-invention of new

tools made farming easier-yielded more ______

• ________________: developed irrigation systems, the wheel, sailboats

• ____________: special groups of workers formed, social classes developed, religion more organized ( many gods, centered on nature, animal spirits, and afterlife)

Civilization

• Sumer: believed to be the 1st

• 5 characteristics:

1. ________________

2. Specialized workers

3. ______________

4. Record keeping

5. _______________

Advanced Cities

• A ______ is a center of trade for a larger area, not just a large population of _______

• Farmers, _________, and traders, brought goods to the market in the city.

Specialized Workers

• ____________: development of skills in a specific work

• __________: skilled workers who make goods by hand

• Examples: ______, pottery, jewelry, weaponry

Complex Institutions

• Est. _________ to maintain order

• _________: build temples and had priests

• _________: food and trade centers

Record Keeping

• Tax collections• _____• Religious events• _____ and payments• Developed a system of writing- used

______(pro record keepers)• ______: system of writing using symbols

Technology

• ___ drawn plows

• Irrigation systems

• _____ wheels for jugs,

plates, bowls

• ______: melted copper and tin to fashion tools and weapons-known as the ____________