Humans Discover Farming! Neolithic Age = New Stone Age! Settlement in River Valleys around 10,000 B.C

Humans Humans Discover Discover

FarmingFarming!!

Neolithic AgeNeolithic Age = =

New Stone Age!New Stone Age!Settlement in River Valleys Settlement in River Valleys

around 10,000 B.C.around 10,000 B.C.

More words to know…More words to know…6)6) surplussurplus – an extra amount – an extra amount

7)7) domesticatedomesticate – to tame an animal or – to tame an animal or plant for human useplant for human use

8)8) revolutionrevolution – a major change in a – a major change in a societysociety

9)9) specializationspecialization – the development of – the development of different kinds of jobs in a societydifferent kinds of jobs in a society

10)10) civilizationcivilization – complex societies that – complex societies that have evidence of cities, government, have evidence of cities, government, art, religion, class divisions (rich and art, religion, class divisions (rich and poor) and a writing systempoor) and a writing system

I.I. Farming Begins!Farming Begins!

A.A. The New Stone Age begins The New Stone Age begins when humans all over Earth when humans all over Earth begin to settle in one area begin to settle in one area after discovering how to farm.after discovering how to farm.

B.B. Farming requires fresh water, Farming requires fresh water, so people begin to live near so people begin to live near rivers which provide a constant rivers which provide a constant supply of fresh water.supply of fresh water.

II.II. Why Settle In River Why Settle In River Valleys?Valleys?

A.A. Rivers provide fresh water that humans Rivers provide fresh water that humans + animals can use 2 drink and farm+ animals can use 2 drink and farm

B.B. Water can also be used to clean, cool, Water can also be used to clean, cool, cook, fight fires, enjoyment, bathroom!cook, fight fires, enjoyment, bathroom!

C.C. Rivers often flood (danger!) and create Rivers often flood (danger!) and create rich soil for farmers to plant cropsrich soil for farmers to plant crops

D.D. Travel also can take place on water Travel also can take place on water (ships) so these areas become places of (ships) so these areas become places of travel and trade = MONEY!!! travel and trade = MONEY!!!

III.III. Farming Farming RevolutionRevolution

A.A. Farming gave people a consistent Farming gave people a consistent supply of food and even leftovers! supply of food and even leftovers!

B.B. A A surplussurplus (an extra amount)(an extra amount) of of food meant that humans could food meant that humans could now live in one area = no longer now live in one area = no longer needed to be “nomads” and needed to be “nomads” and hunt/fish everyday.hunt/fish everyday.

C.C. Since people can stay in one spot, Since people can stay in one spot, they they domesticatedomesticate animals and animals and plants and use them for food, plants and use them for food, work, clothing and transportation. work, clothing and transportation.

RIVER VALLEY DRAWINGSRIVER VALLEY DRAWINGS

III.III. The Four Major River The Four Major River Valleys of early Valleys of early

civilizationscivilizations1)1) EgyptEgypt – – Nile RiverNile River

2)2) MesopotamiaMesopotamia – – Tigris and Tigris and Euphrates RiversEuphrates Rivers

3)3) IndiaIndia – – Indus and Ganges Indus and Ganges RiversRivers

4)4) ChinaChina – – Huang He and Huang He and Yangtze RiversYangtze Rivers

V.V. Growth of Growth of communitiescommunities

A.A. People began to live together in People began to live together in permanent villages due to farming. permanent villages due to farming.

B.B. ““Specialization” began to occur – Specialization” began to occur – not everyone needs to find food not everyone needs to find food anymoreanymore

C.C. Discovery of how to make metal = Discovery of how to make metal = increased tools and weaponsincreased tools and weapons

D.D. Small villages grow into large cities Small villages grow into large cities and and civilizationcivilization begins to occur in begins to occur in the four major River Valleys! the four major River Valleys!

VI.VI. What makes a What makes a civilization?civilization?

A.A. Government and Laws for social orderGovernment and Laws for social order

B.B. Writing for record keeping and history!Writing for record keeping and history!

C.C. Class Divisions – rich, middle and poorClass Divisions – rich, middle and poor

D.D. Permanent Cities – usually quite largePermanent Cities – usually quite large

E.E. Organized Religion followed by majority Organized Religion followed by majority of people of people

F.F. Specialization of Labor – not all are Specialization of Labor – not all are farmers but now you have metalworkers, farmers but now you have metalworkers, artists, fishermen…artists, fishermen…

Civilizations Civilizations have…have…

GovernmeGovernmentnt


WritingWriting

Civilizations haveCivilizations have

$$


Permanent Permanent settlements settlements

(Cities)(Cities)


ReligionReligion

Civilizations have…Civilizations have…

Division Division

of labor of labor (specialization)(specialization)

VII.VII. History vs. History vs. Prehistory!Prehistory!

A.A. Before farming, everyone was too Before farming, everyone was too busy + unorganized to develop busy + unorganized to develop writingwriting

B.B. Farming allows people to settle down Farming allows people to settle down in one place. Now they have time in one place. Now they have time and the needand the need to develop writing. to develop writing.

C.C. That writing can be used to tell us That writing can be used to tell us about their society and their history. about their society and their history.

D.D. Everything before writing is called Everything before writing is called PrehistoryPrehistory because we really do not because we really do not know their historyknow their history!!

Earliest Writing - Earliest Writing - CuneiformCuneiform

A.A. People who People who wrote about wrote about their events are their events are the world’s first the world’s first historians!historians!

B.B. Should we trust Should we trust and believe all and believe all ancient writing ancient writing that we find?that we find?

Egyptian HieroglyphicsEgyptian Hieroglyphics

Development of Metals!Development of Metals!

A.A. Humans learn how to mix Humans learn how to mix materials to get stronger materials to get stronger metals. metals.

B.B. New metals create new New metals create new “ages”. Examples: “ages”. Examples: Copper Age, Bronze Age, Copper Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age.Iron Age.

C.C. The stronger your metal, The stronger your metal, the more you can build, the more you can build, the better you can fight, the better you can fight, the faster you can do the faster you can do something…something…

Otzi’s Otzi’s AxeAxe

Paleolithic Age vs. Neolithic Paleolithic Age vs. Neolithic AgeAge

People wandered and People wandered and were considered were considered nomads just looking nomads just looking for foodfor food

Discovered fire, Discovered fire, created a language created a language and made simple and made simple toolstools

No permanent homes No permanent homes and had to do much of and had to do much of the work individuallythe work individually

No written records = No written records = prehistoryprehistory

Began to farm = Began to farm = stability and villagesstability and villages

Specialization = Specialization = creation of other jobs creation of other jobs such as craftsman such as craftsman and metalworkersand metalworkers

Surplus of goods = Surplus of goods = trade and growth of trade and growth of small villages into small villages into large citieslarge cities

Writing tells us about Writing tells us about their civilization!!! their civilization!!!

Why do we Why do we study these study these people who people who

lived lived thousands of thousands of years ago?years ago?

Which ancient civilizations will Which ancient civilizations will we study in 6we study in 6thth Grade? Grade?

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia Civilizations Civilizations like the like the Sumerians, Sumerians, Babylonians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Assyrians, ChaldeansChaldeans

EgyptEgypt IsraelIsrael PhoeniciaPhoenicia GreeceGreece RomeRome PersiaPersia ChinaChina IndiaIndia

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Humans Discover Farming! Neolithic Age = New Stone Age! Settlement in River Valleys around 10,000 B.C