Human Trafficking and Forced Labor Hearing- U.S. Congress (Nov 28, 2012)

7/30/2019 Human Trafficking and Forced Labor Hearing- U.S. Congress (Nov 28, 2012)

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Hjmoc i nis}jx. M gjxtimon} fiuj i waet wrat eax tfj gjotxinmt} ae nis}jxw mo àwt rxagjwwjw. iod h} saxlmoc smtf tfj I`jxmgio Hix Iwwagmitmao. oat kzwt tfj Gxm`moin NisWjgtmao ae tfj I`jxmgio Hix Iwwagmitmao. hzt tfj Hzwmojww Nis Wjgtmao ae tfj I`jxmgio

Hix Iwwagmitmao. sj ixj fixojwwmoc tfj rasjx ae ittaxoj}w igxaww tfj caujxo`jot ta hjihnj ta -- igxaww tfj caujxo`jot iod igxaww tfj hzwmojww ga``zomt}. wa tfj} gio idumwjtfjmx gnmjotw/ Mt mw oat kzwt tfj rxawjgztaxw tfit ojjd ta njixo fas ta djin smtf fzìotxieemglmoc< mt mw gaxraxitj gazowjn iw sjnn/

Fiumoc djwgxmhjd tfmw azt mo tfj rxmuitj wjgtax. mt mw m`raxtiot. tfjo. ta tzxo higl mosixdw/ Sj hjnmjuj tfit sj ojjd ta njid h} jvi`rnj/ Tfj Z/W/ Caujxo`jot mw aoj ae tfj nixcjwt rzxgfiwjxw mo tfj saxnd. iod me sj ixj camoc ta tjnn ga`riomjw iod gaowz`jxwtfit tfj} ojjd ta gixj ihazt àdjxo wniujx}. sj ixj camoc ta fiuj ta fand azxwjnujw ta tfjwi`j wtiodixd/ Tfit mw sf} tfj Rxjwmdjot wmcojd tfj Jvjgztmuj Axdjx tfit }az `jotmaojdtfit rxaumdjw àxj jvtjowmuj rxafmhmtmaow iod rxatjgtmaow eax Z/W/ Caujxo`jot rzxgfiwjw

ta ìlj wzxj tfit azx tiv dannixw. }azx tiv dannixw. ixj oat hjmoc zwjd ta wzrraxt fzìotxieemglmoc/ Mo jeejgt. mt tjnnw ga`riomjw me }az siot ta da hzwmojww smtf zw. àdjxowniujx} mw i rxahnj` tfit }az ojjd ta gaoexaot iw sjnn/

Tfjwj ixj m`raxtiot wtjrw. hzt tfj} ixj aon} i wtixt. iod me sj gaotmozj ta wzrraxttfmw jeeaxt smtf tfj xjwazxgjw. smtf tfj wzrraxt mt ojjdw. sj smnn hj ihnj ta jonmwt àxj rixtojxw mo tfj wtxzccnj. djujnar ojs taanw eax emcftmoc tfj gxm`j. iod àuj gnawjx ta tfjsaxnd tfit sj siot ta nmuj mo. i saxnd exjj exa` wniujx}/

Tfiol }az. icimo. Gfimxìo. eax }azx moumtitmao ta tjwtme} tadi}. eax }azx wzrraxttfxazcfazt tfj }jixw. iod eax tfj saxl tfit }az iod atfjxw ao tfj Niotaw Ga``mwwmao ixjdamoc iw azx rixtojxw mo tfmw àwt I`jxmgio emcft. tfj emcft eax exjjda`/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Tfiol }az ujx} `zgf. @x/ I`hiwwidax. iod icimo Mirrxjgmitj }azx mogxjdmhnj saxl iod tfj saxl ae }azx aeemgj ao tfjwj mwwzjw. iod mt mwm`raxtiot tfit sj da tfjwj fjixmocw ao i xjcznix hiwmw hjgizwj. }az loas. smtf inn tfit mwcamoc ao mo tfj saxnd. mt mw jiw} ta cjt dmwtxigtjd. iod }jt tfmw mw aoj ae tfj àwt faxxmhnjlmod ae fzìo xmcftw umanitmaow tfit gaotmozjw ta jvmwt/

M fiuj kzwt cat i ejs yzjwtmaow fjxj. iod tfj} ixj oat xioljd mo io} rixtmgznix axdjx ae m`raxtiogj. hzt kzwt lmod ae sfit ga`jw ta `} `mod emxwt/ ]az loas. M fiujdaoj i nat ae saxl mo fzìo xmcftw saxl mo Gana`hmi. iod tfmw mw lmod ae sfit rxa`rtjdtfmw yzjwtmao fjxj/ Me }az gaznd djwgxmhj eax `j fas tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw fjnrw gazotxmjwgaoexaotmoc mogxjiwjd fzìo txieemglmoc. jwrjgminn} mo ixjiw ae eaxgjd nihax iod wjvtxieemglmoc sfjxj nagin ranmgj ixj rxahnjìtmg iod kzdmgmin iod atfjx w}wtj`w ixj sjil.jwrjgminn} mo tfj àxj xzxin ixjiw/ Aoj jvi`rnj ae i gazotx} tfit M tfmol mw tx}moc ta datfj xmcft tfmoc hzt inwa eigjw fzcj gfinnjocjw mw Gana`hmi/

Tfj ojswrirjx Jn Tmj`ra. sfmgf mw Gana`hmi#w ìkax ojswrirjx. xjraxtjd jixnmjx tfmw àotf tfit mtw ojs fatnmoj fiw xjgjmujd 6.222 xjraxtw ihazt fzìo txieemglmoc tfmw



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}jix wa eix tfxazcf Wjrtj`hjx/ Tfit mw inxjid} jyzin ta niwt }jix#w tatin xjraxtw. iod niwt}jix. aon} 89 giwjw gi`j hjeaxj kzdcjw. iod tfmw }jix aon} 79/ Ae 739 moujwtmcitmaowarjojd aujx tfj riwt wjujxin }jixw. aon} :7 sjot ta txmin iod xjgjmujd wjotjogjw/

Wtmcì iwmdj. tfjxj mw cxjit dmwtxzwt iod aetjo ejix ae tfj ranmgj iod rxawjgztaxw ao

tfj rixt ae umgtm`w hjgizwj wa ìo} saxl fiod mo fiod smtf gxm`moin ojtsaxlw. iod tfjxjixj ujx} ejs rxacxi`w eax umgtm`w/ Wa Gana`hmi xjidmn} id`mtw tfit fzìo txieemglmoc mwao tfj xmwj mowmdj mtw tjxxmtax} iod mw wtxzccnmoc ta xjwraod àxj jeejgtmujn}/ Wa sfit lmodae idumgj iod iwwmwtiogj ixj sj rxaumdmoc ta Gana`hmi iod wm`mnix gazotxmjw wtxzccnmoc taimd umgtm`w ae txieemglmoc iod ta hxmoc tfawj xjwraowmhnj eax tfjwj fjmoazw gxm`jw ta kzwtmgj1

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; Sjnn. Gana`hmi mw wa`jtfmoc tfit sj fiuj wrjot icaad hmt ae tm`j ao tfmw niwt }jix/ Eax tfj emxwt tm`j. tfj mwwzj ae fzìo txieemglmoc siw rixt ae tfj fmcf njujn wtxitjcmg dminaczj tfit sj fjnd smtf azx Gana`hmio gazotjxrixtw/Ta ditj. wjgzxmt} mwwzjw fiuj t}rmginn} hjjo inaoc tfj nmojw ae oixgatmgw ax tfj gmumn six.

iod exioln}. fzìo xmcftw mwwzjw fiuj aetjo hjjo -- sfjtfjx ao tfj nihax wmdj smtf tfjzomaomwtw iod wa`j ae tfj rxahnj`w tfit `} gazotjxrixtw mo Djrixt`jot ae Nihax fiujdjint smtf wa `zgf aujx tfj }jixw. hzt inwa tfj oatmao ae tfj jvtxikzdmgmin lmnnmocw iodatfjx tfmocw mo tfj gazxwj ae djinmoc smtf tfj EIXG/ Tfmw siw tfj emxwt tm`j tfit fzìotxieemglmoc siw mogaxraxitjd mota tfj wtxitjcmg dminaczj. iod M tfmol tfit tfit wrjilw sjnnta tfj smnnmocojww ae tfj Gana`hmiow ta wtixt ta gaoexaot tfmw/

M tfmol tfit sfit mw firrjomoc mw tfit tfjxj mw i cxasmoc xjgacomtmao mo Gana`hmitfit mt mw oat kzwt tfj sa`jo tfit ixj njiumoc iod camoc aujxwjiw iod hjmoc ihzwjd. sfmgfmw sfjxj wa `zgf ae tfjmx eagzw fid hjjo. iod sj ixj wjjmoc tfit. M tfmol. smtf tfjwjmogxjiwjd oz`hjxw ae tfj fatnmoj ginnw. nagin rjarnj mo Gana`hmi/ Tfit mw sfjxj }azx nihax txieemglmoc jodw zr firrjomoc/ Mt mw oat ojgjwwixmn} Gana`hmiow mo atfjx gazotxmjwtfj si} tfit }az wjj Gana`hmio sa`jo mo Kirio. Gana`hmio sa`jo mo Wrimo mo tfj wjvmodzwtx}/ Mt mw eanlw ao i enasjx eix` mo Gana`hmi/ Mt mw tfj nmttnj ìmdw saxlmoc mo tfjgirmtin gmt}/ M tfmol tfjxj mw i gzntzxin wfmet tfit mw fiumoc ta tilj rnigj. iod sj fiuj wjjotfit smtf azx gazotjxrixtw exa` tfj @momwtx} ae Kzwtmgj iod @momwtx} ae Motjxmax. hzt Mtfmol mt mw camoc ta hj i nmttnj sfmnj ga`moc hjgizwj tfjmx eagzw fiw hjjo ta ditj wa `zgfaztsixd. iod tfit ìljw wjowj/ Tfit siw fas rjarnj tfazcft ae txieemglmoc eax i naoctm`j. hzt oas M tfmol tfit smtf tfj MNA xjraxtw. smtf inn tfjwj atfjx tfmocw. gazotxmjwixazod tfj saxnd ixj wtixtmoc ta xjgacom{j tfit txieemglmoc mw oat kzwt wa`jtfmoc tfitfirrjow ta }azx rjarnj sfjo tfj} ixj mo ioatfjx gazotx}/ Txieemglmoc mw firrjomoc itfa`j/

Sj siot ta wfixj azx si}w ae moujwtmcitmoc tfawj giwjw. sfjtfjx mt mw tfxazcf ranmgj jvgfiocjw. tximomoc iod tjgfomgin iwwmwtiogj. jt gjtjxi. smtf tfj Gana`hmiow hjgizwj tfj} ixj i rixtojx eax zw mo wa ìo} atfjx nis joeaxgj`jot ixjiw mo tfj oaxtfjxo rixt ae Nitmo I`jxmgi. iod sj siot tfj` ta hj ihnj ta hj i àdjn eax atfjx gazotxmjw/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Iod rxacxi`w ta fjnr czmdj tfj umgtm`w. taa. M tfmol mwm`raxtiot mo i rnigj nmlj Gana`hmi sfjxj. icimo. tfjxj mw tfmw cxjit dmwtxzwt tfit wtmnn jvmwtw



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smtf tfj wjgzxmt} eaxgjw. wa M saznd -- hzt M tfiol }az/ M i` cnid tfit }az ixj eagzwjd aotfj wmtzitmao camoc ao mo tfit gazotx}/

]az `jotmaojd. }az loas. tfit txieemglmoc mw oat kzwt i rxahnj` finesi} ixazodtfj cnahj. tfit wa`jtm`jw mt mw finesi} daso tfj hnagl. iod tfj niwt tm`j }az sjxj fjxj.

sj tinljd ihazt wa`j ae tfj txieemglmoc gfinnjocjw fjxj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. iod tfj(Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow Xjraxt( hjcio mognzdmoc tfj Z/W/ mo mtw xiolmocw higl mo 8292.iod ta `j tfit mw ujx} m`raxtiot hjgizwj M tfmol mt mw m`raxtiot eax zw ta wjod i wmcoin tatfj xjwt ae tfj saxnd tfit. }az loas. sj ixj fandmoc azxwjnujw ta i fmcf wtiodixd fjxj.tfit tfmw mw oat kzwt ihazt }az. mt mw ihazt zw. taa/ Tfmw mw i cnahin rxahnj`. iod sj ixj rixt ae tfj cnahj. iod wa sj fiuj wa`j tfmocw ta da mo azx aso gazotx}. iod wa M i` rixtmgznixn} cnid tfit tfj Z/W/ mw mo tfj xiolmocw/

Gio }az -- fiw tfj Z/W/ hjjo ihnj ta wjxuj iw i àdjn eax atfjx caujxo`jotw sfa`mcft hj tx}moc ta m`rxauj tfjmx xjgaxd ao txieemglmoc. eaxgjd nihax. iod kzwt ì}hj }azgio lmod ae cmuj zw i yzmgl wz`ìx} ae lmod ae sfjxj tfj hmccjwt gfinnjocjw wtmnn xjìmo

fjxj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw sfjxj sj ojjd ta eagzw àxj ittjotmao/

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; Sjnn. M smnn wtixt smtf tfj jvi`rnj eax atfjx gazotxmjw.iod tfjo wjczj mota tfj nittjx/ ]az loas. mt wtxzgl `j niwt }jix sfjo M siw mo @ini}wmimo tfj @momwtx} ae Motjxmax aeemgjw. iod sj sinljd mo. iod M fid hjjo tfjxj ihazt i }jix hjeaxj iod fid fid wa`j exiol gaoujxwitmaow smtf azx @ini}wmio gazotjxrixtw. caad rxawjgztaxw sfa siotjd ta da tfj xmcft tfmoc. i w}wtj` tfit siwo#t ojgjwwixmn} wjt zr tainnas tfj` ta da tfit. iod sj sinljd mota tfj gaoejxjogj xaa`. iod tfj} iod aoj ae tfjoaocaujxo`jotin axciom{itmao xjrxjwjotitmujw sjxj wmttmoc tfjxj tacjtfjx/ Sj sjxj rnjiwiotn} wzxrxmwjd tfit wa`jhad} exa` tfj OCA siw igtzinn} mo tfj ranmgj aeemgj. iodsj iwljd tfj`. }az loas. sfit mw mt tfit }az ixj farmoc ta igga`rnmwf1 Tfj} wimd. }azloas. sj siot ta wjt zr i Fazwtao-wt}nj tiwl eaxgj/ Wa tfmw mw mo Lzini Nz`rzx. iod tfj}siotjd ta wjt zr i tiwl eaxgj nmlj sfit sj fiuj wjjo smtf tfj Z/W/. OCAw. caujxo`jotsaxlmoc tacjtfjx exa` tfj hjcmoomoc ae tfj giwj/ Tfit mw ujx} gzttmoc jdcj. iod tfit mwoat tfj oax` mo ìo} gazotxmjw/ Aoj ae tfj xjiwaow sf} M tfmol mt wtxzgl `j wa `zgf mo@ini}wmi mw tfit nmlj ìo} rixtw ae tfj ga`àosjintf. tfj} wtmnn fiuj tfj Aeemgmin WjgxjtwIgt iod rjarnj cjt ixxjwtjd smtfazt fihjiw gaxrzw mo tfj jixn} wticjw ae i giwj/ Tfit mwoat ojgjwwixmn} sfjxj }az saznd jvrjgt ta wjj i fzìo xmcftw iduagitj iod i ranmgjaeemgjx saxlmoc tacjtfjx/

M tfmol tfit tfit mw kzwt aoj jvi`rnj/ Tfj Fazwtao tiwl eaxgj mw. M tfmol. gjxtimon} iàdjn oat kzwt mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw oas hzt ixazod tfj saxnd/ Sj ixj wjjmoc tfitfirrjomoc ixazod tfj cnahj iw sj hxmoc rjarnj fjxj. iw sj rzt tjgfomgin iwwmwtiogj azt motfj emjnd/

Iw eix iw fjxj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. M tfmol wrjgmemg ta nihax txieemglmoc. tfjxj mwtsa tfmocw tfit ga`j ta `mod/ Emxwt ae inn. i wtzd} tfit gi`j azt jixnmjx tadi}. iod sjsmnn tx} ta cjt tfit zr ta }az yzmgln}. exa` tfj Djrixt`jot ae Kzwtmgj. Oitmaoin Mowtmtztjwae Kzwtmgj. mt mw kzwt i gazrnj ae fazxw and. iod M fiujo#t wjjo io}tfmoc atfjx tfio tfjjvjgztmuj wz`ìx}. hzt mt mw wrjgmemg ta Wio Dmjca Gazot}. Ginmeaxomi. iod tfj} eazod



99

tfit àxj tfio 72 rjxgjot ae tfj `mcxiot saxljxw tfit tfj} tinljd ta. ae tfj zodagz`jotjdinmjow tfj} fid tinljd ta. fid i riwwraxt tiljo isi} ta ljjr tfj` exa` xzoomoc. fid hjjo hjitjo ax tfxjitjojd h} tfjmx j`rna}jxw ta ljjr tfj` exa` njiumoc. àxj tfio 72 rjxgjot. hiwmginn} umgtm`w ae fzìo txieemglmoc. iod M tfmol tfit tfit mw wa`jtfmoc tfit rjarnj sjxjwfagljd ta emod tfit mt siwo#t kzwt mo icxmgzntzxj. mt siwo#t tfj wtjxjat}rj ae tfj `mcxiot

saxljxw mo tfj emjndw/

Mt siw gaowtxzgtmao saxljxw. kiomtaxmin wjxumgjw. jt gjtjxi. iod me tfit mw kzwt aojwoirwfat ae aoj gazot} mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. M tfmol mt smnn hj motjxjwtmoc ta wjj fas tfmwcjtw xjrnmgitjd. iod lzdaw ta tfj Djrixt`jot ae Kzwtmgj eax ezodmoc tfmw wtzd}/ Sj ixjfarmoc tfit jujo mo io jxi ae hzdcjt wfaxticjw iod emwgin izwtjxmt}. tfit tfj xjwjixgf wmdjae sfit sj ixj tx}moc ta da smnn hj ihnj ta gaotmozj hjgizwj tfmw wtzd} M tfmol mw camoc ta hj i ci`j gfiocjx iw ta fas rjarnj wjj fzìo txieemglmoc mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Sfmgf hxmocw `j ta `} ojvt yzjwtmao/ M `jio. sfmnj rxawjgztmaow eax wjv txieemglmoc fiuj hjjo àxj ga`ào mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw aujx tfj

}jixw. }az loas. wtzdmjw modmgitj tfit eaxgjd nihax mw àxj rxjuinjot tfio wjv txieemglmoc.}jt eaxgjd nihax giwjw fiujo#t xjgjmujd i nat ae ittjotmao. iw `zgf ittjotmao iw tfj wjvtxieemglmoc giwjw mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw/ M i` oat tx}moc ta wi} aoj mw saxwj tfio tfj atfjx/M i` kzwt ramotmoc azt tfit tfmw mwwzj ae eaxgjd nihax mw io mwwzj fjxj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw.iod tfjxj mw tfj xjgjot kzdc`jot mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. iod me M `mwrxaoazogj tfmw. ujxwzwHatwu}o}zl. sfmgf fiodjd daso tfj naocjwt wjotjogj jujx m`rawjd mo i eaxgjd nihax giwj. dajw tfit modmgitj i cxasmoc txjod mo xjgacomtmao iod rxawjgztmao ae eaxgjd nihax giwjw mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw1 Iod mw azx Kzwtmgj Djrixt`jot lmod ae saxlmoc fiod mo fiodsmtf }az cz}w ta gxigl daso ao tfmw hjgizwj mt mw wzgf i hmc iod mt mw i cxasmoc rxahnj`fjxj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw1

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; ]az loas. M gio#t tjnn }az tfj jvigt rjxgjoticj. hzt Mda loas tfit. it njiwt mo tfj Sjwtjxo Fj`mwrfjxj aujx tfj niwt ejs }jixw. mt irrjixw tfittfj Zomtjd Wtitjw ìljw zr wa`jsfjxj hjtsjjo i yzixtjx iod i tfmxd ae inn ae tfj nihax txieemglmoc rxawjgztmaow mo tfj fj`mwrfjxj/ Mt mw oat hjgizwj sj fiuj àxj nihax txieemglmoc rxahnj` fjxj tfio io} ae tfj atfjx gazotxmjw mo tfj fj`mwrfjxj/ Mt mw tfj GmumnXmcftw Dmumwmao it tfj Kzwtmgj Djrixt`jot fiw i naoc txigl xjgaxd mo moujwtmcitmoc sfitsj oas ginn nihax txieemglmoc giwjw/ ]az smnn xjginn tfit tfmw tjx` dmdo#t xjinn} ga`j mozotmn tfj emxwt 5 ax 6 àotfw ae tfj Hzwf id`momwtxitmao/ Mt siw tfj Mouanzotix} Wjxumtzdjiod Wniujx} Rxacxi` mo tfj Gmumn Xmcftw Dmumwmao tfit i naoc-wtiodmoc rixt ae tfjmx gxm`moin xjwraowmhmnmt} ta joeaxgj tfj 97tf I`jod`jot. iod ìo} ae tfj giwjw tfit sjxjsaxljd mo tfj 9=32w. 9=62w. 9==2w sjxj nihax giwjw/ Tfj wjv giwjw tjodjd ta hj daojsmtfazt naalmoc ta wjj sfjtfjx tfj sa`jo sjxj hjmoc jowniujd/ Tfj} sjxj daoj h} umgjgarw it tfj nagin njujn/ Rm`rw sjxj hjmoc ixxjwtjd. hzt oat eax ihzwmoc tfj sa`jo. kzwteax hjmoc rm`rw/ Iod wa M tfmol tfit sfit sj fiuj wjjo mw i hmt ae i gaxxjgtmao smtf tfjTxieemglmoc Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Igt ximwmoc tfj rxatjgtmao eax sa`jo sfa ixj jowniujd mo rxawtmtztmao ta hj ihnj ta igtzinn} xjgacom{j sfit firrjow ta tfj` iw hjmoc i umanitmao ae tfj 97tf I`jod`jot. sfjxjiw tfj nihax txieemglmoc giwjw sjxj insi}w gnjixn} zodjxwtaadtfit si}/



98

Iw tfit rjodznz` siw wsmocmoc. iod hjgizwj M tfmol mt rxaumdjw mtwjne ta tfj`jdmi. mt rxaumdjw mtwjne ta rjarnj#w riwwmaow ta wa`j djcxjj. wjv txieemglmoc cat i nat ae ittjotmao. hzt it tfj wi`j tm`j. tfj eanlw aujx it MGJ. tfj eanlw aujx it tfj EHM iod it tfjGmumn Xmcftw Dmumwmao fiuj gaotmozjd ta moujwtmcitj iod rxawjgztj tfjwj nihax txieemglmocgiwjw. iod M tfmol tfit tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw# jvi`rnj ao tfit fiw hjjo oatmgjd/ Gazotxmjw tfit

ojujx fid daoj i nihax txieemglmoc giwj. gazotxmjw tfit ixj loaso eax tfjmx wjv txieemglmoc rxahnj`. nmlj Gi`hadmi. wzddjon} ixj rxawjgztmoc rjarnj eax jowniumoc tfjmx ìmdw/ ]azixj wjjmoc kzwt iw gzttmoc jdcj ae taanw hjmoc zwjd mo Hjncmz` iod Mtin} iod Cjxìo}icimowt tfj nihax txieemglmoc haww iw icimowt tfj rm`r/ Wa M tfmol tfit tfjxj mw wtixtmoc ta hj i hmt ae io jyzinm{itmao tfjxj/

Aoj niwt tfmoc. tfjxj siw i wtzd} h} Oaxtfjiwtjxo Zomujxwmt} xjgjotn} tfitmodmgitjd tfit sfjtfjx i tiwl eaxgj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw dmd nihax txieemglmoc giwjw ax wjvtxieemglmoc giwjw siw nixcjn} djrjodjot ao sfa siw mt tfit irrnmjd eax tfj Ejdjxin tiwl eaxgj àoj}/ Me mt siw i umgj wyzid exa` i nagin ranmgj aeemgj. tfjo inàwt jvgnzwmujn}tfj} saxljd wjv txieemglmoc giwjw. iod tfit ìljw wjowj hjgizwj tfj umgj wyzid#w kah mw ta

ca azt iod ritxan rxawtmtztmao/ Me mt siw i xzxin gazot}. mt siw àxj nmljn} ta fiuj eix`saxljxw. mt siw àxj nmljn} ta fiuj nihax txieemglmoc giwjw/

Wa M tfmol tfit ix`jd smtf tfit. sj gio oas ca higl ta sfjtfjx mt mw tfj tiwl eaxgjwtxzgtzxjw ax atfjxsmwj. iod wtixt jogazxicmoc wi}. eax mowtiogj. tfj Naw Iocjnjw ranmgj ax tfj Ailniod ranmgj. oat ta kzwt fiuj tfmw mo tfjmx umgj zomt/ Tfj} kzwt fiuj mt mo tfj umgjzomt. tfj} ixj aon} camoc ta emod wjv txieemglmoc giwjw/ Tfj} sao#t hj emodmoc nihax txieemglmoc giwjw. jujo mo tfj xjnitjd wjv modzwtx}. hjgizwj sj loas tfit tfjxj mw nihax txieemglmoc giwjw mo wtxmr gnzhw/ Sj loas tfjxj mw nihax txieemglmoc giwjw sfjxj sa`josfa ixj jowniujd mo i oaowjvzin saxlrnigj jod zr hjmoc xirjd iod wjvzinn} ihzwjd h}tfjmx hawwjw/ Sj siot ta ìlj wzxj tfit sj ixj emodmoc tfj sfanj umgtm` xitfjx tfioojgjwwixmn} wi}moc wjv txieemglmoc cajw fjxj< nihax txieemglmoc cajw tfjxj/

M tfmol tfit tfmw ihmnmt} ae gazotxmjw oas ta iddxjww hatf wjv iod nihax txieemglmocjyzinn} mw ga`moc zr smtf ojs si}w ta iddxjww hatf hjttjx/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Kzwt i gazrnj àxj yzjwtmaow/ ]az loas. ahumazwn}. aoj ae tfj tfmocw sj ixj motjxjwtjd mo mw emczxmoc azt gaogxjtjn} sfit wfaznd sj hj damoc/ Sjtinljd ihazt. }az loas. tfj ojjd ta riww tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm`w RxatjgtmaoXjiztfaxm{itmao Igt. sfmgf. ta `j. M tfmol sj wfaznd da. hzt. }az loas. iw }az loas.wa`j ae tfj mwwzjw tfit fiuj hjjo ximwjd ixazod mt ixj -- hzt mo tjx`w ae lmod ae gaogxjtjtfmocw tfit sj wfaznd hj damoc tfit sj ixj oat damoc xmcft oas. sfjtfjx mt mw smtf xjcixdta tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw wrjgmemginn} ax motjxoitmaoinn}. M `jio. fas da sj fjnr }az1 ]azloas. ahumazwn}. sj dao#t siot ta jnm`moitj }azx hzdcjt mo wjyzjwtxitmao. wa tfit mw icmujo. hzt hj}aod tfit. iwwz`j sj àuj hj}aod inn tfawj mwwzjw. sfit wfaznd sj hjdamoc fjxj1 M `jio. fas gio sj hj àxj fjnrezn ta }az iod ta }azx jeeaxtw1

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; ]az loas. Gaocxjwwìo. M tfmol tfit -- sjnn. emxwt ae inn. sj loas tfit zr mw tfj ojs -- ax tfit enit mw tfj ojs zr mo irrxarxmitmaow nioczicj/



97

@x/ @GCAUJXO; M `mww Tmr A#Ojmnn/

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; M tfmol sj nmlj zr iw tfj ojs zr me sj fid azx dxztfjxw. hzt sj ixj camoc ta ìlj jujx} dannix tfit sj cjt ca i naoc si}. iod M tfmol tfit aoj ae tfj si}w tfit sj da tfit mw tfxazcf hxmocmoc mo rixtojxw ta hj ihnj ta njujxicj tfj àoj}

sj fiuj/ Sj fiuj cat aon} ihazt $82 `mnnmao saxtf ae eaxjmco iwwmwtiogj ezodmoc eax tfjtxieemglmoc aeemgj. sfmgf mw njww tfio sj smnn wrjod mo i sjjljod ta wjt zr i xjezcjj gi`rmo i six {aoj/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Cmujo tfj joax`mt} ae tfj rxahnj`. mt xjinn} mw yzmtj`mozwgznj. M `jio. }az loas/

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; M i` wi}moc tfit ‗

@x/ @GCAUJXO; M i` wi}moc tfit< }az dao#t fiuj ta wi} mt/

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; Oa. M wi} tfit czixdjdn} hjgizwj. }az loas. tfj saxl tfit sj da mo tfj Wtitj Djrixt`jot. sfjtfjx mt mw smtf motjxoinn} dmwrnigjd rjxwaow ax xjezcjjw ax atfjxw. mw m`raxtiot saxl. hzt M tfmol tfit sj da fiuj ta xjgacom{j tfit sj ixjcamoc ta wtxjtgf jujx} dannix tfit }az cmuj zw. sfjtfjx mt mw $82 `mnnmao ax sfjtfjx mt siwi dmeejxjot emczxj. iod sfit sj fiuj daoj M tfmol iw i xjwznt mw tfit sj fiuj hjjo ihnj tacjt i nat ae jeemgmjogmjw exa` tfawj. sfjtfjx mt mw tfxazcf gawt wfixjw. hxmocmoc moga`riomjw tfit siot ta rixtmgmritj. hxmocmoc mo tfj tjgf saxnd ta tx} ta emczxj azt sfit tfjtjgf wanztmaow ixj ao wa`j ae tfjwj tfmocw. }az loas. hxjilmoc tfj higlw ae tfj nihax xjgxzmtjxw sfa xmcft oas fiuj i àoaran} ao moeaxìtmao/ Hjeaxj rjarnj jujo cjt ao tfjimxrnioj ta ca ta tfj Czne exa` Modaojwmi ax tfj Rfmnmrrmojw ax sfjxj fiuj }az. tfj} ixjinxjid} mo djht haodicj hjgizwj tfj} fiuj fid ta tilj azt naiow eax 92 }jixw saxtf ae winix}/ Rjxujxwjn}. tfj tfxjit tfit fandw tfj` mo wjxumgj mw tfj tfxjit ta emxj tfj` hjgizwjtfjo tfj saxljx saznd oat hj ihnj ta jixo tfj àoj} ta xjri} tfj djht. iod wa hxjilmoctfj g}gnj ae djht haodicj h} ga`moc zr smtf wanztmaow. saxlmoc smtf ga`riomjw nmlj@iorasjx. saxlmoc smtf tfj Hzwmojww Gainmtmao Icimowt Txieemglmoc. iod mo azx Jvjgztmuj Axdjx. sfmgf wi}w oa xjgxzmtmoc ejjw me }az ixj camoc ta hj ao i caujxo`jotgaotxigt/ @} zodjxwtiodmoc ae tfj njcmwnitmao tfit mw àumoc tfxazcf tfj ODII rxagjwwmw camoc ta hj i nmttnj hmt njww tfio tfit/ M tfmol mt `mcft hj wi}moc oa jvaxhmtiot xjgxzmtmocejjw/ Tfj Rxjwmdjot siw gaèaxtihnj smtf wi}moc oa xjgxzmtmoc ejjw it inn hjgizwj M tfmol tfit tfit xjinn} dajw tilj isi} tfj djht haodicj/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Xmcft/

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; Iod jyzinm{j tfit xjnitmaowfmr. iod M tfmol tfit mt mwtfmolmoc ihazt wa`j ae tfawj tfmocw/ Iw eix iw tfj xjwt ae tfj ta-da nmwt. M tfmol tfit wa`jae mt mw wm`rn} ìlmoc mt wa tfit tfmw mw iw m`raxtiot ae saxl eax tfj had} iw wa ìo} atfjx tfmocw ixj/

Niwt omcft it tfj Wtitj Djrixt`jot. sj fawtjd i wgxjjomoc ae i àumj tfit tfjZodjxcxazod Ximnxaid @zwjz` dmd tfit naalw it iotjhjnnz` wniujx} iod àdjxo wniujx}



94

tacjtfjx. tfj rixinnjnw. sfit sj gio njixo exa` tfj emcft hjeaxj/ Iod Wzwio @anmoixmexa` Caacnj fawtjd mt. iod @w/ @anmoixm wimd. }az loas. `} eax`jx gannjiczjw ojjd tawjj tfmw aumj/ Wa. ae gazxwj ‗

@x/ @GCAUJXO; @i}hj sj wfaznd wfas mt zr fjxj/

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; M tfmol tfit tfit mw wa`jtfmoc tfit ‗

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Tfit ì} hj wa`jtfmoc tfit tfj Ga``mwwmao gio fawt. wa sjwfaznd tinl ihazt tfit/

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; Sj wfaznd djemomtjn} tinl hjgizwj M tfmol tfit mt ujx}`zgf hxmocw eaxsixd sfit rjarnj loas igxaww tfj gazotx} xmcft oas iw tfj} wjj tfmwàumj ihazt Nmogano. sfmgf mw tfj 97tf I`jod`jot fiw `jiomoc/ Mt mw oat kzwtwa`jtfmoc tfit firrjojd 9:2 }jixw ica/ Tfmw mw wa`jtfmoc tfit rxatjgtw rjarnj tadi}/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Sj smnn eannas zr smtf }azx wtiee iod wjj fas sj gioixxiocj tfit zr fjxj/ @i}hj me sj gio cjt }az higl zr fjxj ta tx} ta motxadzgj tfj emn` mtsaznd hj fjnrezn/

Tfmw mw `} emoin yzjwtmao/ Iod. }az loas. niwt sjjl. M xjid ihazt tfj txicmg emxjtfit taal rnigj mo i Hiocnidjwfm cix`jot eigtax}. iod M i` camoc ta iwl @x/ Lixi ihazttfmw nitjx. hzt M kzwt siot ta cjt }azx armomao ao tfmw; 998 rjarnj nawt tfjmx nmujw mo àwt rixt hjgizwj tfj hzmndmoc tfj} sjxj mo nigljd j`jxcjog} jvmtw. iod rjarnj sjxj txirrjd/Gnatfjw hjixmoc Sin-@ixt#w hxiod. Eidjd Cnax}. iàoc atfjx Sjwtjxo hxiodw. sjxjìdj mo tfmw eigtax}. iod M i` oat wzxj sfjtfjx ax oat mt fiw hjjo djtjx`mojd sfjtfjx tfjwj rjarnj ixj umgtm`w ae eaxgjd nihax. hzt tfmw t}rj ae txicjd} ximwjw yzjwtmaow ihazttxieemglmoc iod jvrnamtmuj nihax rxigtmgjw iod fzìo xmcftw ihzwjw/ Iod mt inwa ximwjwyzjwtmaow ihazt. }az loas. sfit -- iod icimo. M i` oat fjxj ta hjit zr ao Sin-@ixt hjgizwj. M `jio. Sin-@ixt. tfit mw oat tfj ramot ae tfmw. hzt tfj yzjwtmao mw ga`riomjw nmljSin-@ixt. mt saznd wjj` ta `j tfit tfj} ojjd ta emczxj azt si}w ta m`rxauj. }az loas.tfjmx wzrrn} gfimo àomtaxmoc ta jowzxj tfit tfj} ixj oat ieemnmitjd smtf fzìo xmcftwihzwjw nmlj tfmw/ Iod M smnn tinl ta tfj ojvt riojn ihazt tfmw iw sjnn/ M xjid ihazt tfmw/ Mtsiw kzwt isezn/ M kzwt siotjd ta cmuj }az i gfiogj ta ga``jot ao sfit }azx tfazcftwixj/

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; M tfmol tfit tfmw emxj. `zgf nmlj tfj xjgjot emxj moRilmwtio iod tfj xjgjot emxj mo Xzwwmi. zoeaxtzoitjn} wfasw tfit tfj wjne-àomtaxmoc iodtfj lmod ae modzwtx}-njd saxl ao wzrrn} gfimo mwwzjw ixazod gaodmtmaow dajwo#tojgjwwixmn} insi}w gitgf tfj ihzwj iod rxjujot tfj ihzwj/ Iod M tfmol tfit tfj aojgaogjxo tfit M fiuj. iw M naal higl aujx tfj niwt 9: }jixw. tfjxj siw i ujx} axciom{jduanzhnj iod riwwmaoitj iotm-wsjitwfar àuj`jot mo tfj nitj 9==2#w tfit dmdo#t xjinn} tinl io isezn nat smtf @x/ W`mtf. smtf Rizn Sjnnwtaoj. smtf Wi` Cjkdjowao. smtf Wi`Hxasohigl. tfj wraowaxw ae tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Igt/ ]az fid tfj cz}wtfit sjxj tx}moc ta djin smtf wniujx} ao tfj aoj fiod. iod tfjo }az fid tfj wsjitwfar.tfj iotm-wsjitwfar igtmumwtw. iod tfj} sjot mo tsa dmeejxjot dmxjgtmaow/



9:

M tfmol tfit sfit sj ixj wjjmoc oas mw tfit tfjxj mw i ojjd ta naal it tfjwj tfxazcftfj wi`j njow/ Tfit oatmao ae wjne-àomtaxmoc. tfit oatmao ae fiumoc wzrrn} gfimo txigmoc.tfit oatmao ae gaowz`jx igtmumw` mw inn m`raxtiot. hzt it tfj wi`j tm`j. taa. wa`jhad}ojjdw ta ca ta kimn sfjo i gxm`j fiw hjjo ga``mttjd/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Ihwanztjn}/

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; Umgtm`w ojjd ta hj fjnrjd/ Tfawj ixjo#t smtojwwjw ta iemxj sfa ojjd ta hj djraxtjd higl ta tfjmx fa`j gazotxmjw< tfawj ixj umgtm`w sfa ojjd ta hj gixjd eax/ M tfmol mt mw hxmocmoc tfj jtfaw ae tfawj tsa dmeejxjot. M saznd wi} wi`j.jeeaxtw. hzt eax sfitjujx xjiwao. tfj} hjgi`j dmeejxjot jeeaxtw/ Iod M tfmol tfit sj fiujio arraxtzomt} oas. sj asj mt ta tfj rjarnj sfa dmjd mo Hiocnidjwf. hzt jujo àxj watfj rjarnj sfa sj sjxjo#t tinlmoc ihazt 8 àotfw ica exa` Rilmwtio ta aojw exaÙmjtoi` sfa sjot ta Xzwwmi tfmolmoc tfj} sjxj camoc ta cjt i hjttjx nmej iod jodjd zrd}moc mo i emxj/ Sj asj ta mt inn ae tfjwj saxljxw. sfa sj smnn ojujx fjix ihazt. ta

igtzinn} iddxjww tfmw iod aogj iod eax inn hxmoc tfjwj tsa ranmg} iod ranmtmgin àuj`jotwtacjtfjx wa tfit sj gio igtzinn} ìlj i djot mo mt/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Sjnn. M i` oat camoc ta rxjww }az eax tfmw fjxj tadi}. hzt me }az gio tfmol ae wa`j gaogxjtj tfmocw sj gio da ta ìlj tfit firrjo. }az loas. M saznd hj ujx} motjxjwtjd mo fjixmoc exa` }az ao tfit/

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; Sjnn. sj ixj gjxtimon} tx}moc ta rznn tacjtfjx tfjuixmazw rixtw ae tfj Wtitj Djrixt`jot/ Tfmw mw wa`jtfmoc tfit eanlw tfit da tfj jgaoa`mgsaxl fiuj wa`j ae tfawj gaotigtw/ Tfj djàgxig} xmcftw iod nihax fiuj wa`j ae tfawjgaotigtw/ Sj fiuj wa`j ae tfawj gaotigtw/ Hzt Wjgxjtix} Gnmotao wimd ta `j ao @aodi}.}az loas. sj fiuj cat ta wtar sj ixj kzwt xjwraodmoc ta tfmw/ Sj fiuj ta da wa`jtfmoceax xjin/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Ta rxjujot mt/

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; M tfmol fjx ga``mt`jot ta tfmw mw tfj djrixt`jot#wga``mt`jot ta tfmw iod gjxtimon} `moj/ Sj ojjd ta cjt ta tfj hatta` ae tfmw/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; M tfiol Wjgxjtix} Gnmotao iod M tfiol }az eax }azx wjxumgj/M irrxjgmitj }az hjmoc fjxj tadi}/

I`hiwwidax GDJHIGI; Tfiol }az. @x/ Gfimxìo/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Tfiol }az/

WTITJ@JOTW AE WMDDFIXTF LIXI. IZTFAX IOD EJNNAS. GIXX

GJOTJX RXACXI@ AO FZ@IO TXIEEMGLMOC IOD @ADJXO WNIUJX]

IT FIXUIXD ZOMUJXWMT]< @AFI@JD @ITTIX. JVJGZTMUJ

DMXJGTAX. TFJ RXATJGTMAO RXAKJGT< OJFI @MWXI. WJOMAX



95

WRJGMINMWT AO @MCXITMAO IOD FZ@IO TXIEEMGLMOC. WANMDIXMT]

GJOTJX< IOD @IX] G/ JNNMWAO. KD. DMXJGTAX AE RANMG]. RANIXMW

RXAKJGT/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Sj oas sjnga`j azx wjgaod riojn. @x/ Wmddfixtf Lixi.

iztfax iod ejnnas. Gixx Gjotjx Rxacxi` ao Fzìo Txieemglmoc iod @adjxo Wniujx} itFixuixd Zomujxwmt}< Dx/ @afi`jd @ittix. jvjgztmuj dmxjgtax ae tfj Rxatjgtmao Rxakjgt<@w/ Ojfi @mwxi. tfj wjomax wrjgminmwt ao `mcxitmao iod fzìo txieemglmoc it tfjWanmdixmt} Gjotjx< iod @w/ @ix} G/ Jnnmwao. dmxjgtax ae ranmg} it tfj Ranixmw Rxakjgt/

M tfiol }az inn eax hjmoc fjxj iod sjnga`j }azx tjwtmào}/ ]azx rxjrixjdxjìxlw mo tfjmx jotmxjt} smnn hj rzt mo tfj xjgaxd/

Me }az siot ta wz`ìxm{j. ejjn exjj ta da sfitjujx }az siot/ Sj smnn hjcmo smtf@x/ Lixi/ Sjnga`j/

WTITJ@JOT AE WMDDFIXTF LIXI

@x/ LIXI; Tfiol }az/ Caad ietjxoaao/ M saznd nmlj ta tfiol }az ‗

@x/ @GCAUJXO; @ilj wzxj }azx `mgxarfaoj mw ao/

@x/ LIXI; M saznd nmlj ta tfiol }az. Gfimxìo @gCaujxo iod inn tfj atfjx `j`hjxw ae tfj Ta` Niotaw Fzìo Xmcftw Ga``mwwmao eax moumtmoc `j daso exa`Fixuixd ta tjwtme} tadi}/

Njt `j hjcmo smtf tfj saxdw ae i djht haodicj wniuj oi`jd Czixiu. sfa` Mdagz`jotjd oat naoc ica it i hxmgl lmno mo Modmi/ Tfmw mw sfit fj wimd ta `j; Sfjo M siw96 `} eitfjx dmjd iod fmw djht siw riwwjd ta `j/ Oa ìttjx fas fixd M saxl. M iìnsi}w mo djht/ M fiuj tiljo wa ìo} naiow tfxazcf tfj }jixw eax `} eitfjx#w ezojxin. eax eaad iod sitjx iod gaalmoc amn/ Sfjo M siw }azocjx tfjxj siw i tm`j sfjo M siw wadjwrjxitj ta hj exjj ae tfjwj djhtw. M taal `} ei`mn} exa` fjxj iod sjot higl ta `}fa`j. hzt tfj niodasojx#w `jo gi`j ta `} umnnicj iod eaxgjd zw ta xjtzxo/ Tfj} tmjd `jta tfit txjj aujx tfjxj iod hjit `j/ Tfj} jnjgtxagztjd `j iod dmd oat njt `j jit/ M siwwtmnn tfjxj. wtmnn tmjd ta tfit txjj. sfjo tfj} wand aoj ae `} dizcftjxw ta i dinin. itxieemgljx/ Tfj} wimd. tfmw mw ri}`jot eax tfj saxl }az fiuj oat daoj wmogj tfj di} }aztxmjd ta gfjit zw/ M gaznd oat hjnmjuj Cad fid daoj tfmw/ ]az giooat mìcmoj fas `zgf rimo M ejnt/ M ojujx wis `} dizcftjx icimo/

M fiuj hjjo xjwjixgfmoc fzìo txieemglmoc iod eaxgjd nihax mo gnawj ta 72gazotxmjw ixazod tfj saxnd eax tfj niwt 98 }jixw/ Czixiu#w mw aoj ae ìo} wtaxmjw M fiujdagz`jotjd/ @} ga``jotw tadi} ixj camoc ta eagzw ao wa`j ae tfj emodmocw ae `}xjgjotn} xjnjiwjd wjgaod haal. sfmgf eagzwjw ao tfj nixcjn} zodjxjvrawjd mwwzj ae haodjd nihax mo Waztf Iwmi/

Tfj emxwt tfmoc M saznd nmlj jujx}aoj ta zodjxwtiod tadi} mw tfit haodjd nihax mw



93

h} eix tfj àwt jvtjowmuj eax` ae wniujx} mo tfj saxnd tadi}/ H} tfit. M `jio tfitxazcfn} fine ae inn tfj umgtm`w ae eaxgjd nihax iod àdjxo di} wniujx} ixazod tfj saxndixj haodjd nihaxjxw mo Waztf Iwmi/ @io} ae tfjwj modmumdzinw ixj gfmndxjo iw }azoc iw 6iod = }jixw ae icj/ Jujo tfazcf haodjd nihax ax djht haodicj siw aogj rxjuinjotixazod tfj saxnd iod xjìmow rxjuinjot mo ìo} rixtw ae tfj saxnd. tfj rfjoa`joao mw

gaogjotxitjd mo Waztf Iwmi sfjxj xazcfn} 6: rjxgjot ae. h} `} gazot. tfj 96 ta 88`mnnmao djht haodicj wniujw gio hj eazod/

Fasjujx. jujo tfazcf tfj rfjoa`joao mw gaogjotxitjd mo Waztf Iwmi. tfj rxadzgtw tfit ixj rxadzgjd h} tfjwj modmumdzinw ixj jvraxtjd ixazod tfj saxnd/ Wa`j ae tfj rxadzgtw ìdj h} haodjd nihaxjxw iod eaxgjd gfmnd nihaxjxw sfawj wzrrn} gfimow Mfiuj txigjd ta xjtimn winj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw mognzdj fiodsaujo gixrjtw. exa{jo wfxm`r.irrixjn. wzgf iw mo Hiocnidjwf. xmgj. tji. cxiomtj. wrmgjw. gzhmg {mxgaomi. iod ìo} àxj/

Eax tfawj ae }az sfa ì} oat hj ei`mnmix smtf haodjd nihax. Czixiu#w saxdwdjwgxmhj mt sjnn/ Mt mw i ejzdin àdj ae wzxumnj nihax jvrnamtitmao tfit mouanujw tfj

jvrnamtmuj jvgfiocj ae gxjdmt eax nihax/ Aoj modmumdzin sfa mw mouixmihn} m`raujxmwfjdiod aztgiwt `zwt haxxas àoj} ax wjgzxj tjoiog} eax hiwmg wzxumuin exa` ioatfjx rixt}sfa jvrnamtw tfj djhtax#w raujxt}. mwanitmao. iod nigl ae xmcftw ta gajxgj fm` iod aetjo fmwei`mn} mota saxlmoc aee i `jicjx naio eax }jixw ax i nmejtm`j/ Tfj gaodmtmaow mo sfmgftfjwj modmumdzinw ixj jvrnamtjd gio hj iw gajxgmuj iod djfzìom{moc iw tfj saxwt eax`wae And Saxnd gfittjn wniujx}/

Njt `j jvrnimo àxj ihazt tfmw mwwzj h} si} ae eazx ujx} hxmje giwj wtzdmjw/ Tfjemxwt mouanujw tfj wfxm`r modzwtx} ae Hiocnidjwf. iod sj gio tinl ihazt irrixjn dzxmoc Yiod I me }az nmlj/ Mo waztfsjwtjxo Hiocnidjwf. M dagz`jotjd djht haodicj mo ujx} fixwfeax`w ae gfmnd nihax mo tfj wfxm`r eix`moc modzwtx}/ Djwtmtztj iod ujx} wmgln} gfmndxjosidjd mota rixiwmtj-moejwtjd xmujxw ta gitgf hih} wfxm`r. sfmgf sjxj tfjo wand taicxmgzntzxin eix`jxw sfa sjxj gizcft mo jodnjww g}gnjw ae djht haodicj ta fixujwt tfjwfxm`r. sfmgf sjxj tfjo jvraxtjd ihxaid/ Wfxm`r mw. ae gazxwj. tfj nixcjwt wjieaadga`àdmt} mo tfj saxnd. iod tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw mw tfj nixcjwt m`raxtjx ae exa{jo wfxm`r/

Ietjx ihazt i àotf ae jvtjowmuj diti citfjxmoc igxaww tfj jotmxj wzrrn} gfimo. Mdjtjx`mojd tfit xazcfn} aoj azt ae :3 ae inn wfxm`r gaowz`jd mo tfj saxnd ixj timotjd h} haodjd nihax ax gfmnd nihax mo Hiocnidjwf inaoj. sfmgf mw i xjnitmujn} wìnn jvraxtjx/Tfmw `jiow tfit tfj iujxicj I`jxmgio zosmttmocn} gaowz`jw aoj ta tfxjj timotjd wfxm`rjigf }jix kzwt exa` Hiocnidjwf/

Tfj wjgaod giwj wtzd} mouanujw tfj fiod-loattjd gixrjt wjgtax/ Tfxazcfazt oaxtfjxoModmi iod Ojrin M fiuj jvtjowmujn} dagz`jotjd fzodxjdw ae giwjw ae djjrn} jvrnamtjd haodjd nihax iod gfmnd nihax mo tfj sjiumoc ae gixrjtw jvraxtjd ihxaid/ Tfj Z/W/ mw tfjnixcjwt m`raxtjx ae fiodsaujo gixrjtw exa` Modmi ta tfj tzoj ae $722 `mnnmao niwt }jix/ Mgio wi} smtf gaoemdjogj tfit it njiwt aoj-tfmxd ae gixrjtw m`raxtjd mota tfj Zomtjd Wtitjwexa` Modmi iod Ojrin ixj timotjd h} eaxgjd nihax. gfmnd nihax ax haodjd nihax/

Njt `j xjid ta }az tfj saxdw ae i }azoc ha} oi`jd Ixkzo. sfa siw eaxgjd ta



96

saxl zr ta 96 fazxw i di} mo ujx} fixwf gaodmtmaow ta sjiuj gixrjtw tfit M dagz`jotjdsjxj jvraxtjd ta tfj Z/W/ Fj wimd. Sj sjxj nagljd mowmdj tfj wfigl sfjxj ìo} ha}wsjxj ìlmoc gixrjtw/ @awt di}w. sj sjxj cmujo aon} aoj hxjil eax jitmoc iod aoj hxjil eax tamnjt/ Me sj txmjd ta wnjjr. tfj} saznd hjit zw/ Wa`jtm`jw tfj} ciuj zw rmnnw wa sjgaznd saxl inn omcft. iod ao fj sjot/

Tfj tfmxd giwj wtzd} mouanujw i nmttnj loaso rfjoa`joao ae djht-haodicj-hiwjdmotjxoin txieemglmoc eax aztxmcft da`jwtmg wniujx} mo Ojrin ginnjd tfj Liìnmxm w}wtj`/ Mo hxmje. aztgiwt Tfixz cmxnw ixj wand aee ta txieemgljxw ixazod tfj icj ae 6. = ax 92 iod cmujotjoiog} iod eaad iw gxjdmt mo jvgfiocj eax zr ta 92 }jixw ae da`jwtmg wjxumtzdj/ Hjgizwjtfj} ixj aztgiwt iod m`raujxmwfjd. tfj} ixj aetjo wjujxjn} jvrnamtjd/

Fjxj mw fas i }azoc cmxn oi`jd Omxìni djwgxmhjd fjx axdjin ta `j; M siw 92}jixw and sfjo M emxwt sjot ta saxl iw Liìnmxm/ Tfjxj sjxj emuj rjarnj mo tfj fa`j. iodM dmd inn tfj saxl 3 di}w i sjjl/ Wa`jtm`jw tfj smej saznd hjit `j< tfj fzwhiod mo tfjfa`j saznd xirj j/ M wnjrt ao i ìt ao tfj enaax/ M aon} itj njetaujx eaad/ M siw mo tfit

fa`j eax 8 }jixw smtfazt ri}/

Tfj emoin giwj wtzd} M saznd nmlj ta wfixj mouanujw tfj Fixm icxmgzntzxin haodjdnihaxjxw ae tfj Wmodf rxaumogj ae Rilmwtio/ M i` wfaxt ao tm`j. wa njt `j kzwt wi} tfittfjwj modmumdzinw djwgxmhjd ta `j hjmoc txidjd nmlj nmujwtagl hjtsjjo asojxw. fiumocgfmndxjo wand ta txieemgljxw ta dmwgfixcj djhtw. iod hjmoc nagljd mo rxmuitj rxmwaow iodtaxtzxjd eax dmwrnjiwmoc tfjmx asojxw/ Wzeemgj mt ta wi}. tfj rjxwmwtjogj ae tfmw lmod ae djfzìom{moc jvrnamtitmao ae m`raujxmwfjd `moaxmt} cxazrw `zwt hj jnm`moitjd/

Tfjxj mw `zgf tfit gio iod `zwt hj daoj ta tiglnj tfj w}wtj` ae haodjd nihax tfitxjìmow djjrn} jotxjogfjd mo gjxtimo ragljtw ae Waztf Iwmi/ Tfj eannasmoc wjujoxjga``joditmaow ta tfj Z/W/ Gaocxjww saznd hj i caad wtixt/ Emxwt. irrxarxmitj ezodw eax àxj xjwjixgf mota tfj oitzxj ae haodjd nihax mo cjojxin igxaww tfj Waztf Iwmio xjcmao<innagitj ezodw eax àxj xjwjixgf mota xjnmihnj wzrrn} gfimo txigmoc ae lj} rxadzgtwjvraxtjd exa` Waztf Iwmi ta tfj Z/W/ tfit `mcft hj timotjd. wzgf iw tfawj tfit M djwgxmhjd<jocicj mo tar njujn dmrnaìtmg jeeaxtw smtf gazotjxrixtw mo Waztf Iwmio gazotxmjw taiddxjww tfj gaxj djemgmjogmjw mo tfj xjcmaoin xjwraowj ta haodjd nihax iod rxaumdjwzrraxt ta iddxjww tfj`< jocicj smtf modzwtx} mo tfj Z/W/ ta jnjuitj wtiodixdw eax wzrrn}gfimo àomtaxmoc iod gnjiowmoc< mognzdj wzrrn} gfimo xjwjixgf. àomtaxmoc. gnjiowmoc.iod wtxmgt gaxraxitj nmihmnmt} eax timotjd wzrrn} gfimow mo tfj TURI xjiztfaxm{itmao<innagitj ezodw ta jvriod umtin rxjujotmao momtmitmujw. wzgf iw `mgxa gxjdmt. uagitmaointximomoc. dmwiwtjx xjnmje iod xzxin jdzgitmao. jwrjgminn} eax sa`jo iod cmxnw< iod emoinn}. Mìlj io aeejx iod sjnga`j io}aoj ta ga`j smtf `j ta Waztf Iwmi iod wjj emxwtfiodjvigtn} sfit tfmw mwwzj naalw nmlj/ M farj wa`j ae tfmw moeaxìtmao fiw hjjo fjnrezn. iod Mtfiol }az icimo eax tfj moumtitmao ta hj fjxj tadi}/

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Sfjo M siw jmcftjjo. `} eitfjx dmjd iod fmw djht siw riwwjd ta `j/ Oa

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eitfjx”w ezojxin/ M tilj naiow eax eaad iod sitjx iod gaalmoc amn/ Sfjo M

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niodasojx”w `jo gi`j ta `} umnnicj iod eaxgjd zw ta xjtzxo/ Tfj} tmjd `jta tfit txjj tfjxj iod hjit `j/ Tfj} jnjgtxagztjd `j iod dmd oat njt `j

jit/ M siw wtmnn tmjd ta tfit txjj sfjo tfj} wand aoj ae `} dizcftjxw ta i

dinin &txieemgljx/ Tfj} wimd. „Tfmw mw ri}`jot eax tfj saxl }az fiuj oat

daoj wmogj tfj di} }az txmjd ta gfjit zw/‐ M gaznd oat hjnmjuj Cad fid

daoj tfmw/ M siotjd ta tilj `} nmej/ ]az giooat mìcmoj fas `zgf rimo M

ejnt/ M ojujx wis `} dizcftjx icimo/

Caad ietjxoaao/

M saznd nmlj ta tfiol Gaocxjww`jo @gCaujxo iod Sane iod inn `j`hjxw ae tfj Ta`Niotaw Fzìo Xmcftw Ga``mwwmao eax moumtmoc `j ta tjwtme} tadi}/

M fiuj hjjo xjwjixgfmoc fzìo txieemglmoc iod eaxgjd nihax mo gnawj ta tfmxt} gazotxmjwixazod tfj saxnd eax tfj niwt tsjnuj }jixw/ Dzxmoc tfit tm`j. M fiuj ga`rxjfjowmujn}dagz`jotjd tfj giwjw ae àxj tfio 9.722 umgtm`w ae uixmazw eax`w ae wniuj-nmlj nihax jvrnamtitmao. exa` wjv txieemglmoc ta haodjd nihax ta eaxgjd gfmnd nihax/

@} emxwt haal. Wjv Txieemglmoc; Mowmdj tfj Hzwmojww ae @adjxo Wniujx} &Ganz`hmiZomujxwmt} Rxjww. 822= rxaumdjd tfj emxwt ga`rxjfjowmuj aujxumjs ae tfj cnahin wjvtxieemglmoc modzwtx}/ @} wjgaod haal. Haodjd Nihax; Tiglnmoc tfj W}wtj` ae Wniujx} mo

Waztf Iwmi &Ganz`hmi Zomujxwmt} Rxjww. 8298 siw xjnjiwjd aoj àotf ica. iod mt rxaumdjw tfj emxwt ga`rxjfjowmuj aujxumjs ae tfj rfjoa`joao ae haodjd nihax mo WaztfIwmi/ @} ga``jotw tadi} smnn eagzw ao wa`j ae tfj emodmocw ae tfmw wjgaod haal/

Tfj emxwt tfmoc M saznd nmlj tfj Ga``mwwmao `j`hjxw ta loas mw tfit haodjd nihax mw h}

eix tfj àwt jvtjowmuj eax` ae wniujx} mo tfj saxnd tadi}/ H} tfit M `jio tfit xazcfn}fine ae inn umgtm`w ae eaxgjd nihax iod àdjxo-di} wniujx} ixj haodjd nihaxjxw mo WaztfIwmi/ @io} ae tfjwj modmumdzinw ixj gfmndxjo iw }azoc iw jmcft iod omoj }jixw ae icj/

Jujo tfazcf haodjd nihax ax djht haodicj siw aogj rxjuinjot ixazod tfj saxnd. tadi}tfj rfjoa`joao mw gaogjotxitjd mo Waztf Iwmi. sfjxj xazcfn} 64* ta 66* ae tfj saxnd”w96 ta 88/: `mnnmao djht haodicj wniujw gio hj eazod/ Tfmw gaogjotxitmao mo Waztf Iwmi mw rxmìxmn} i xjwznt ae oz`jxazw eaxgjw. mognzdmoc m``jowj raujxt}. giwtj-hiwjddmwjoexiogfmwj`jot iod jvrnamtitmao. gaxxzrtmao. wagmin iritf}. ioj`mg joeaxgj`jot ae nihax nisw. iod i cjojxin iggjrtiogj tfit mt mw xjiwaoihnj eax i gjxtimo wjgtax ae Waztf



82

Iwmio wagmjt} ta hj gizcft mo jvtxj`j nihax jvrnamtitmao hjgizwj aetjo tm`jw tfjm``jdmitj intjxoitmuj ae zttjx wtixuitmao gaznd hj saxwj/

Fasjujx. jujo tfazcf tfj rfjoa`joao mw gaogjotxitjd mo Waztf Iwmi. tfj rxadzgtw tfitixj rxadzgjd h} tfjwj haodjd nihaxjxw ixj jvraxtjd ixazod tfj saxnd/ Wa`j ae tfj rxadzgtw rxadzgjd h} haodjd nihaxjxw sfawj wzrrn} gfimow M fiuj txigjd ta xjtimn winj motfj Zomtjd Wtitjw mognzdj fiod-saujo gixrjtw. exa{jo wfxm`r. irrixjn. xmgj. tji. cxiomtj.wrmgjw. gzhmg {mxgaomi. iod àxj/

Eax tfawj ae }az sfa ì} oat hj ei`mnmix smtf haodjd nihax. Czixiu”w saxdw djwgxmhj mtsjnn/ Haodjd nihax mw i Ejzdin àdj ae wjxumnj nihax jvrnamtitmao tfit mouanujw tfjjvrnamtitmuj jvgfiocj ae gxjdmt eax nihax/ Tfj jvrnamtjd rixt} mw zwzinn} i raax. aztgiwtjmodmumdzin sfa niglw moga`j. jgaoa`mg arraxtzomt}. iod iggjww ta eaxìn gxjdmt ìxljtwiod `zwt haxxas àoj} ax wjgzxj tjoiog} exa` i gaotxigtax. rxadzgjx. ax naginniodasojx iod rnjdcjw ta xjri} tfj djht tfxazcf nihax/ Tfj gxjdmtax fiw eix àxj rasjx.xjwazxgjw. iod xmcftw tfio tfj djhtax. iod fj gio zwj tfmw rasjx ta gajxgj tfj djhtax motasaxlmoc aee i `jicjx naio eax }jixw. ax i nmejtm`j/ Naiow uix} wmcomemgiotn} mo wm{jdjrjodmoc ao tfj modzwtx} iod tfj wtitzw ae tfj haxxasjx. hzt mo cjojxin tfj naiow tjod ta hj mo tfj $:2 ta $422 xiocj. aetjo cxasmoc exa` tfjxj oa ìtjx fas fixd tfj djhtax saxlw dzj ta jvaxhmtiot motjxjwt xitjw &zr ta 82* rjx àotf. fjiu} djdzgtmaow exa`

sicjw eax eaad iod wfjntjx. iod oz`jxazw atfjx tigtmgw tfit ixj zwjd ta rjxrjtzitj tfjdjht eix hj}aod tfj xjiwaoihnj rjxmad ae xjri}`jot/

Tfj gaodmtmaow mo sfmgf tfjwj modmumdzinw ixj jvrnamtjd gio hj iw gajxgmuj ioddjfzìom{moc iw tfj saxwt ìomejwtitmaow ae And Saxnd gfittjn wniujx}/ Smujw iodjwrjgminn} gfmndxjo ixj aetjo gaowgxmrtjd mota saxlmoc aee tfjwj djhtw wa tfit i wmocnj naiogio niod io jotmxj ei`mn} mo }jixw ae wniuj-nmlj jvrnamtitmao/ Djhtaxw iod tfjmx ei`mn}`j`hjxw gio hj hixtjxjd iod wand hjtsjjo njodjxw nmlj nmujwtagl/

Aoj ae tfj àwt xjgjot txjodw mw tfj zwj ae djht haodicj icxjj`jotw mouanumoc wzhwtiotminiduiogjw ae zr ta $:.222 ta ixxiocj eax rirjxw iod txiujn eax tfj djhtax ta i djujnarjdgazotx} smtf tfj rxa`mwj ae io arraxtzomt} ta saxl mo gaowtxzgtmao ax da`jwtmg saxl/ Mfiuj dagz`jotjd tfmw rfjoa`joao mo oz`jxazw gazotxmjw ixazod tfj saxnd. iod tfj

haodjd nihaxjx mw ujx} aetjo saxljd ta tfj haoj eax àotfw ax }jixw smtf nmttnj ta oa ri}.zodjx tfj rxjtjogj ae xjri}`jot ae tfj djht/ It wa`j ramot mo tm`j. tfjwj modmumdzinw ixjaetjo dmwgixdjd h} tfjmx „j`rna}jxw‐ iod njet ta ejod eax tfj`wjnujw. sfmgf aetjo xjwzntwmo djraxtitmao higl ta tfjmx fa`j gazotx} h} nagin m``mcxitmao iztfaxmtmjw. smtf nmttnj taoa moga`j ta wfas eax tfjmx jeeaxtw/

Djwrmtj tfmw iod atfjx jvi`rnjw. haodjd nihax xjìmow gjotxinm{jd mo Waztf Iwmi iod fiwi ujx} rixtmgznix ìomejwtitmao iod fmwtax}/ Njt `j jvrnimo àxj ihazt haodjd nihax moWaztf Iwmi h} si} ae eazx hxmje giwj wtzdmjw/

Tfj emxwt giwj wtzd} mouanujw tfj wfxm`r modzwtx} ae Hiocnidjwf/ Mo waztfsjwtjxoHiocnidjwf. M dagz`jotjd djht haodicj iod ujx} fixwf eax`w ae gfmnd nihax mo tfjwfxm`r eix`moc modzwtx}/ Mt mw saxtf oatmoc tfit tfmw oiwgjot modzwtx} fiw hjjo nixcjn}

dxmujo h} gnmìtj gfiocj. sfmgf mw i tarmg eax ioatfjx fjixmoc/ Djwtmtztj iod wmgln}gfmndxjo sidj mota rixiwmtj-moejwtjd sitjxw ta gitgf hih} wfxm`r. sfmgf ixj tfjo wand tawfxm`r eix`jxw sfa ixj aetjo gizcft mo jodnjww g}gnjw ae haodjd nihax iw tfj} cxas tfjwfxm`r iod fixujwt tfj` ta hj rxagjwwjd iod wand eax jvraxt/

Wfxm`r mw tfj nixcjwt wjieaad ga`àdmt} mo tfj saxnd. iod tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw mw tfj nixcjwtm`raxtjx ae exa{jo wfxm`r/ Ietjx i àotf ae gixjezn diti citfjxmoc igxaww tfj jotmxjwfxm`r wzrrn} gfimo mo Hiocnidjwf. M djtjx`mojd tfit xazcfn} 9 azt ae :3 ae inn wfxm`rgaowz`jd mo tfj saxnd ixj timotjd h} haodjd nihax ax gfmnd nihax mo Hiocnidjwf. sfmgf mwi xjnitmujn} wìnn jvraxtjx ga`rixjd ta gazotxmjw nmlj Gfmoi. Tfimniod. iod Umjtoi`/



89

Tfmw `jiow tfit tfj iujxicj I`jxmgio zosmttmocn} gaowz`jw 9 ta 7 timotjd wfxm`r exa`Hiocnidjwf inaoj/

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Wa`j tm`j ica. tfmw ìo oi`jd Inm sfa siw loaso ta `} eitfjx gi`j ta

`} umnnicj iod wimd fj gaznd tilj `j eax saxl mo tfj gixrjt eigtax}/ Inm

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ujx} raax iod fzocx}. wa jujotzinn} M sjot smtf Inm/ Fj taal `j iod tfxjj

atfjx ha}w exa` `} umnnicj mo i gix/ Fj hxazcft zw ta tfmw wfigl sfjxjtfjxj sjxj ìo} ha}w ìlmoc gixrjtw/ Mt siw ujx} dixl iod fid i ujx}

hid w`jnn/ Inm nagljd zw mowmdj iod hjit zw smtf i saadjo gioj/ Fj wimd

sj saznd hj tizcft fas ta da tfj gixrjtw iod sj `zwt da tfmw saxl jujx}

di}/ Fj wimd azx rixjotw fid ihiodaojd zw iod sj gio ojujx ca fa`j/

Fj tand zw tfit tfjxj sjxj smnd dacw mo tfj eaxjwt aztwmdj. wa me sj tx} taxzo sj smnn hj jitjo/ M siw wa exmcftjojd/ Aoj atfjx ha} exa` `} umnnicj

oi`jd Liìn dmd oat wtar gx}moc eax ìo} di}w/ Inm iod aoj atfjx ìo

hjit fm` ujx} hidn} iod dxiccjd fm` exa` tfj wfigl/

Ixkzo wtarrjd wrjilmoc it tfmw ramot/ Fj tmcftjojd fmw eigj iod fmw j}jw àmwtjojd/ Sj

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ta xjwt. iod M gaotmozjd smtf atfjx motjxumjsw/ Tfit jujomoc. Ixkzo xjtzxojd iod iwljd me fj gaznd emomwf tjnnmoc `j ihazt fmw tm`j mo tfj gixrjt wfigl/ Tfmw mw wa`j ae sfit fj wimd;

M dmd oat nmlj hjmoc mo tfit rnigj/ Mt siw ujx} dmeemgznt/ @awt di}w sj sjxj

aon} cmujo aoj hxjil eax jitmoc iod aoj hxjil eax tamnjt/ Me sj txmjd ta wnjjr. tfj} saznd hjit zw/ Wa`jtm`jw tfj} ciuj zw rmnnw wa sj gio saxl inn

omcft/ M ejnt wa tmxjd M gzt `}wjne h} iggmdjot/ Me tfj hnaad exa` `} emocjxw

gi`j ao tfj gixrjt. tfj} saznd tilj cxjjo gfmnm iod xzh mt ao `} sazod eax rzomwf`jot/ M da oat loas fas naoc M siw mo tfit rnigj. hzt Cad

hnjwwjd `j aoj di} sfjo tfj rjarnj exa` tfmw wfjntjx xjwgzjd `j/

Tfj tfmxd giwj wtzd} mouanujw i nmttnj loaso rfjoa`joao ae djht haodicj-hiwjd motjxointxieemglmoc eax aztxmcft da`jwtmg wniujx} mo Ojrin. ginnjd tfj Liìnmxm w}wtj`/ Mo hxmje.

aztgiwt Tfixz cmxnw ixj wand aee ta txieemgljxw ixazod tfj icj ae jmcft ax omoj iod cmujotjoiog} iod eaad mo io zrrjx-giwtj fa`j iw gxjdmt mo jvgfiocj eax zr ta tjo }jixw ae da`jwtmg wjxumtzdj/ Hjgizwj tfj} ixj aztgiwtj iod djjrn} m`raujxmwfjd. tfj} ixj aetjowjujxjn} jvrnamtjd/ Tfj eannasmoc mw io jvgjxrt exa` gfirtjx tsa ae `} haal. Haodjd

Nihax ae fas i }azoc cmxn oi`jd Omxìni djwgxmhjd fmw axdjin;

M i` exa` i umnnicj mo Hiolj Dmwtxmgt/ M siw tjo }jixw and sfjo M emxwt sjot eax saxl iw liìnmxm/ Mt siw i Gffjtxm fa`j mo Litfìodz/ Tfjxj sjxj

emuj rjarnj mo tfj fa`j. iod M dmd inn tfj saxl—gaalmoc. gnjiomoc.siwfmoc gnatfjw. siwfmoc dmwfjw/ M salj jigf àxomoc it : i/`/ iod sjot



88

ta wnjjr it 92 r/`/ M wnjrt ao tfj enaax mo tfj dxismoc xaa`/ M dmd tfmw saxl

wjujo di}w i sjjl/ Wa`jtm`jw tfj smej saznd hjit `j/ Tfj fzwhiod mo tfj

fa`j saznd xirj `j/ M dmd oat siot ta hj mo tfit fa`j/ M siw wa tmxjd/ M siw wzrrawjd ta ca fa`j dzxmoc @icfm. hzt tfj} dmd oat njt `j ca/ Ietjx

tsa }jixw. tfj} wjot `j ta ioatfjx fa`j mo Litfìodz/ M siw mo tfmw fa`j

eax tsa }jixw/ Tfj} dmd oat hjit `j. hzt M siw saxlmoc inn tfj tm`j/ Emoinn}. M siw mo i tfmxd fa`j eax tfxjj }jixw/ M fid ta da jujx}tfmoc/ Tfj}

fid tsa dizcftjxw. iod M fid ta tilj tfj` ta wgfaan jigf àxomoc/ M

smwfjd M gaznd ca ta wgfaan nmlj tfj`/ Mo tfmw fa`j tfj} saznd hjit `jujx} hidn}/ Wa`jtm`jw tfj} saznd oat njt `j jit/ Jujotzinn}. Exmjodw ae

Ojjd} Gfmndxjo xjwgzjd `j/

Mt mw saxtf oatmoc tfit zrrjx-giwtj Liìnmxm asojxw mo Ojrin kzwtme} tfj w}wtj` h}ìmotimomoc tfit tfj intjxoitmuj eax tfjwj Tfixz cmxnw saznd hj saxwj. zwzinn} hjmoctxieemgljd eax wjvzin jvrnamtitmao mo Ojrin ax Modmi/

Tfj emoin giwj wtzd} M saznd nmlj ta wfixj mouanujw tfj Fixm haodjd nihaxjxw mo tfj WmodfRxaumogj ae Rilmwtio/ Tfmw mw i gjotzxmjw-and eax` ae icxmgzntzxin haodjd nihax ae raax.aztgiwtj rjiwiotw fjnd mo haodicj h} niodasomoc [i`modixw/ Tfjwj modmumdzinwdjwgxmhjd hjmoc txidjd nmlj nmujwtagl hjtsjjo asojxw. hjmoc wjrixitjd exa` ei`mn}

`j`hjxw. fiumoc gfmndxjo wand ta txieemgljxw ta dmwgfixcj djhtw. iod hjmoc nagljd mo rxmuitj rxmwaow iod taxtzxjd eax dmwrnjiwmoc tfjmx asojxw/ Wzeemgj mt ta wi}. tfj rjxwmwtjogjae tfmw lmod ae djfzìom{moc jvrnamtitmao ae `moaxmt} cxazrw `zwt hj jxidmgitjd/

Tfjxj mw `zgf tfit gio iod `zwt hj daoj ta tiglnj tfj w}wtj` ae haodjd nihax tfitxjìmow djjrn} jotxjogfjd mo gjxtimo ragljtw ae Waztf Iwmi/ Mo rixtmgznix. tfj eigt tfittfj wzrrn} gfimow ae rxadzgtw jvraxtjd ta tfj Sjwt gio hj timotjd h} tfmw zoiggjrtihnjàdj ae wjxumtzdj `zwt hj ezxtfjx xjwjixgfjd. dagz`jotjd. iod zntmìtjn} gnjiowjd/

Tfjxj ixj ìo} wtjrw tfj Z/W/ Gaocxjww gio tilj ta iduiogj àxj jeejgtmuj jeeaxtw tatiglnj haodjd nihax/ Tfj eannasmoc wjujo xjga``joditmaow saznd hj i caad wtixt;

9/ Innagitj ezodw eax àxj xjwjixgf mota tfj oitzxj ae haodjd nihax mo Waztf Iwmi

8/ Innagitj ezodw eax àxj xjwjixgf mota xjnmihnj wzrrn} gfimo txigmoc ae lj} rxadzgtw jvraxtjd exa` Waztf Iwmi ta tfj Z/W/ tfit `mcft hj timotjd7/ Jocicj mo tar-njujn dmrnaìtmg jeeaxtw smtf gazotjxrixtw mo Waztf Iwmio gazotxmjwta iddxjww tfj gaxj djemgmjogmjw mo tfj xjcmaoin xjwraowj ta haodjd nihax iod rxaumdj wzrraxt ta iddxjww tfj`4/ Jocicj smtf modzwtx} mo tfj Z/W/ ta jnjuitj wtiodixdw eax wzrrn} gfimo àomtaxmociod gnjiowmoc:/ Mognzdj wzrrn} gfimo xjwjixgf. àomtaxmoc. gnjiowmoc. iod wtxmgt gaxraxitj nmihmnmt}eax timotjd wzrrn} gfimow mo tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Igt Xjiztfaxm{itmao5/ Innagitj ezodw ta jvriod umtin rxjujotmao momtmitmujw. wzgf iw `mgxa-gxjdmt.uagitmaoin tximomoc. dmwiwtjx xjnmje. iod xzxin jdzgitmao momtmitmujw. jwrjgminn} eax sa`jo iod cmxnw3/ Kamo `j ao i txmr ta Waztf Iwmi ta wjj sfit haodjd nihax xjinn} naalw nmlj

M farj wa`j ae tfmw moeaxìtmao fiw hjjo fjnrezn eax tfj Ga``mwwmao/ M tfiol }az icimo eax tfj moumtitmao tatjwtme} tadi}. iod M sjnga`j }azx yzjwtmaow/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Tfiol }az ujx} `zgf eax }azx tjwtmào}. iod M irrxjgmitj mtujx} `zgf/

Njt#w oas fjix exa` Dx/ @ittix/ Tfiol }az eax hjmoc fjxj/



87

WTITJ@JOT AE @AFI@JD @ITTIX

@x/ @ITTIX; Tfiol }az. @x/ Gfimx io. eax innasmoc `j tfj faoax ae tjwtme}moc hjeaxj }az tadi} ao hjfine ae tfj Rxatjgtmao Rxakjgt it tfj Kafow FarlmowZomujxwmt} Wgfaan ae Iduiogjd Motjxoitmaoin Wtzdmjw ao tfj wtitzw ae fzìo txieemglmoc mo

tfj Ixih xjcmao/

Iod M i` xjinn} rxazd ae tfj saxl ae tfj Rxatjgtmao Rxakjgt eax tfj niwt 97 }jixw ax wa ao ga`hitmoc fzìo txieemglmoc mo dmeejxjot Ixih gazotxmjw/ Fzìo txieemglmoc tiljwìo} eax`w mo tfj Ixih saxnd. mognzdmoc hjccmoc. da`jwtmg wjxumgj. eaxgjd nihax.tj`raxix} ìxxmicj. gfmnd ìxxmicj. winj ae gfmndxjo eax tfj rzxrawj ae idartmao. rxawtmtztmao. tfj xjgxzmt`jot mota ix`jd eaxgjw. nmlj mo W}xmi. Wzdio. iod Waztf Wzdio.iod txieemglmoc ae axciow/

Zonmlj tfj Z/W/. aoj gio ahwjxuj tfit sfmnj tfjxj ixj giwjw ae wjv txieemglmoc motfj Ixih saxnd. àwt giwjw ae txieemglmoc ixj nihax txieemglmoc. iod tfj àwt ga`ào

eax` ae nihax txieemglmoc mo tfj Ixih saxnd mw da`jwtmg wjxumgj/ M gio wi} wtitmwtmginn}62!82 rjxgjot/ Sj ixj tinlmoc ihazt inàwt 62 rjxgjot ae tfj giwjw ixj nihax txieemglmocgiwjw< 82 rjxgjot ae tfj giwjw ixj wjv txieemglmoc giwjw/

M i` jogazxicjd h} tfj jeeaxtw tfit fiuj hjjo tiljo wa eix ta ga`hit tfj rxahnjàe fzìo txieemglmoc mo tfj Ixih saxnd wmogj tfj riwwicj ae tfj Zomtjd Oitmaow Rxataganao Txieemglmoc ae 8222/ Inn Ixih gazotxmjw. jvgjrt ]j`jo iod Gaàxaw. ixj rixtmjw tatfj rxatagan/

Hzt djwrmtj tfj ìo} wtjrw eaxsixd. tfj gfinnjocjw xjìmo cxjit. jwrjgminn} iw tfjxjwznt ae gaoenmgtw. mognzdmoc tfj six mo Mxiy. tfj emcftmoc mo W}xmi. iod xjcmaoin mowtihmnmt}eannasmoc tfj Ixih Wrxmoc mo Jc}rt. Tzomwmi. Nmh}i. Hifximo. iod ]j`jo/ M hjnmjuj tfittfmw mowtihmnmt} gxjitjd sfit M ginn i eaxgjd `mcxitmao àuj`jot tfit mw cmumoc xmwj ta àxjgiwjw ae fzìo txieemglmoc mo tfj xjcmao/

Gaowjyzjotn}. tfj ritf mw dmeemgznt. hzt M i` rxarawmoc tadi} hjeaxj }az 92xjga``joditmaow tfit M hjnmjuj smnn gaotxmhztj ta jvmwtmoc `jgfiomw`w tfit fiuj inxjid} hjjo gxjitjd ta jowzxj tfjmx jeejgtmuj m`rnj`jotitmao/

Emxwt. jvriod tfj xanj ae gmumn wagmjt}/ Iod M djemoj gmumn wagmjt} ta mognzdj emujjnj`jotw. igidj`mg mowtmtztmaow. gaxraxitmaow. tfj rxmuitj wjgtax. tfj `jdmi. xjnmcmazwmowtmtztmaow. iod OCAw iw sjnn. tfit `zwt ezogtmao rxarjxn} iod exjjn} smtfazt xjwtxmgtmaowax nm`mtitmaow/ Zoeaxtzoitjn}. tfmw mw oat tfj giwj mo ìo} Ixih gazotxmjw/ OCAw da oatfiuj tfj exjjda` ta ezogtmao rxarjxn} iod exjjn}/

Tfj wjgaod mw ta ztmnm{j tfj caad rxmogmrnjw ae Mwni`. Kzdimw`. iod Gfxmwtmiomt}/ Mi` i hmc hjnmjujx mo tfj xanj ae xjnmcmao. jwrjgminn} mo tfmw rixt ae tfj saxnd. iodjwrjgminn} oas smtf tfj Mwni`mwt àuj`jot mo inàwt jujx} Ixih gazotx}/ Eitsiw. njcinarmomaow mwwzjd h} @zwnm` wgfanixw. wfaznd hj jogazxicjd ta moenzjogj hjfiumax iodj`rfiwm{j tfj xanj ae xjnmcmao mo gaodjòmoc fzìo jvrnamtitmao/



84

Rjxfirw @zwnm` wgfanixw gio fmcfnmcft fas Mwni` rxatjgtw sa`jo#w xmcftw iodwfaznd ìlj mt gnjix tfit gfmnd ìxxmicj rawjw i tfxjit ta tfj fjintf iod jdzgitmao ae azx cmxnw/ Sj ixj cjttmoc `mvjd wmcoinw exa` ìo} ae tfjwj Ixih gazotxmjw ao tfj rawmtmao ae Mwni`mg nis ao jixn} ìxxmicj iod gfmnd ìxxmicj/

Tfmxd. sj fiuj ta àuj hj}aod wrjgmemg iotm-txieemglmoc njcmwnitmao tatxieemglmoc-xjnitjd nisw. mognzdmoc nisw ao gfmnd rxatjgtmao. umanjogj icimowt sa`jo.iggjww ta kzwtmgj. iggjww ta moeaxìtmao. iod nihax nisw tfit da oat dmwgxm`moitj icimowteaxjmco nihax iod rxaumdj rxatjgtmao eax da`jwtmg saxljxw/

@x/ @ITTIX; Zoeaxtzoitjn}. mo inàwt jujx} Ixih gazotx}. nihax nis dajw oatirrn} ta da`jwtmg saxljxw/ Tfj} ixj njet smtf oa rxatjgtmao sfitwajujx/ Iw M insi}wixczj. aon} sfjo fzìo xmcftw ixj eznn} rxatjgtjd smnn fzìo txieemglmoc hj wzggjwweznn}gaoexaotjd iod jnm`moitjd/Eazxtf. emnn tfj cirw mo tfj da`jwtmg njcmwnitmuj exi`jsaxl/ Sfit sj smtojwwjd tfj niwt

98 }jixw ax wa wmogj tfj riwwicj ae tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Igt siw injcmwnitmuj àuj`jot/ Oas sj fiuj 97 Ixih gazotxmjw tfit fiuj wrjgmemg nisw aoga`hitmoc fzìo txieemglmoc/ Mxiy fid tfj àwt xjgjot aoj/

Sj wfaznd rxaumdj tjgfomgin iwwmwtiogj ta Tzomwmi. ]j`jo. Wzdio. Rinjwtmoj.@axagga. Nmh}i. iod Lzsimt. sfa ixj gzxxjotn} dxietmoc iotm-txieemglmoc njcmwnitmao/ IodM hjnmjuj tfit tfj Z/W/ rni}w i wmcomemgiot xanj mo rxaumdmoc tjgfomgin iwwmwtiogj ta rixnmi`jotixmiow inn aujx tfj saxnd/ Sj fiuj inàwt oas 975. 973 nisw. tfiolw ta tfjsaxl ae tfj Z/W/

Emetf. njt#w xitme} tfj Motjxoitmaoin Nihax Gaoujotmao Oz`hjx 96= ao djgjot saxl eax da`jwtmg saxljxw/ @x/ Gfimxìo. }az `jotmaojd tfit. iod M xjinn} wzrraxt sfit }az kzwt wimd/ Tfmw mw xjinn} m`raxtiot. jwrjgminn} mo tfj rixt ae tfj saxnd sfjxj da`jwtmgsaxl mw tfj da`moiot eax` ae nihax txieemglmoc/ Zxzczi} iod tfj Rfmnmrrmojw fiuj xitmemjd96=/ Oas mt hjgi`j motjxoitmaoin nis/ Sj wfaznd zxcj gazotxmjw ta xitme} mt/

Hzt tfit mw oat joazcf/ Sj wfaznd inwa zxcj Ixih gazotxmjw ta xitme} MNA 969 aotfj nmihmnmt} ae rxmuitj j`rna}`jot icjogmjw. mognzdmoc xjgxzmt`jot icjogmjw/ ]az`jotmaojd gaxraxitj nmihmnmt}/ Gaxraxitj gxm`moin nmihmnmt} fiw ta hj j`rfiwm{jd inaoctfj nmojw ae gaxraxitj wagmin xjwraowmhmnmt}/ Sj wfaznd j`rfiwm{j hatf gaxraxitj gxm`moinnmihmnmt} iw sjnn iw gaxraxitj wagmin xjwraowmhmnmt}/

Wmv. njt#w gaarjxitj smtf tfj Njiczj ae Ixih Wtitjw/ M loas tfit tfj saxl ae tfjZ/W/ mw insi}w smtf modmumdzin gazotxmjw/ Sfit M i` rxarawmoc fjxj mw ta saxl smtf tfjmowtmtztmao ae tfj Njiczj ae Ixih Wtitjw/ Jwrjgminn} tfit tfj Njiczj ae Ixih Wtitjw kzwtidartjd io Ixih wtxitjc} ta ga`hit fzìo txieemglmoc. i àdjn nis ao ga`hitmoc fzìotxieemglmoc. iod jwtihnmwfjd i wrjgmemg zomt tfit smnn xjgjmuj xjraxtw exa` Ixih gazotxmjwao tfj wtitzw ae fzìo txieemglmoc/ Oas sj ixj camoc ta fiuj tfj I`jxmgio xjraxt. tfjZ/O/ xjraxt. iod sj ixj camoc ta fiuj io Ixih xjraxt/ Oas M tfmol mw tfj tm`j ta saxl gnawjn} smtf tfj Ixih Njiczj ta jofiogj tfjwj joeaxgj`jot `jgfiomw`w/



8:

Wjujo. njt#w m`rnj`jot tfj Ixih Gfixtjx ao Fzìo Xmcftw/ Jnjujo Ixihgazotxmjw fiuj inxjid} xitmemjd tfj Ixih Gfixtjx ao Fzìo Xmcftw/ Ixtmgnjw = iod 92 rxafmhmt fzìo txieemglmoc/ Sj wfaznd. mo iggaxdiogj smtf ixtmgnj 47 ae tfj Ixih gfixtjx.motjxrxjt tfj gfixtjx mo iggaxdiogj smtf motjxoitmaoin nis. jwrjgminn} tfj Z/O/ rxatagan ao

fzìo txieemglmoc/

Jmcft. njt#w saxl smtf fzìo xmcftw mowtmtztmaow ta ìmotimo ga`hitmoc fzìotxieemglmoc iw i rxmaxmt}/ I`hiwwidax Nzmw GdjHigi `jotmaojd tfit mt mw i rxmaxmt} eax tfjAhiì id`momwtxitmao/ Sj siot ta ìlj wzxj tfit. intfazcf tfjxj mw zoxjwt mo tfj Ixihsaxnd. sj ixj wtmnn ìmotimomoc ga`hitmoc fzìo txieemglmoc iw i rxmaxmt} mo io} fzìoxmcftw icjodi mo inn ae tfjwj gazotxmjw/

M i` jogazxicjd h} tfj ojsn} idartjd Jc}rtmio gaowtmtztmao/ M loas tfjxj mw inat hjmoc wimd ihazt tfj Jc}rtmio gaowtmtztmao. hzt M nmlj ixtmgnj 39. `} eiuaxmtj ixtmgnj. hjgizwj 39 rxafmhmtw fzìo txieemglmoc eax tfj emxwt tm`j mo tfj fmwtax} ae

gaowtmtztmaoinmw`/ Mo Jc}rt sj ixj camoc ta fiuj i gaowtmtztmaoin ìoditj ìlmoc fzìotxieemglmoc i gxm`j mo iggaxdiogj smtf tfj gaowtmtztmao/ Omoj. njt#w jofiogj tfj girigmt} ae da`jwtmg iotm-txieemglmoc zomtw/ Iw }az loas. ejs rxawjgztmaow. zonmlj fjxj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. fiuj hjjo xjraxtjd/ Azx rxawjgztaxw mo tfjDjrixt`jot ae Kzwtmgj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw gio wjxuj iw i uinzihnj iwwjt mo rxaumdmoctjgfomgin wzrraxt iod tximomoc rxawjgztaxw. kzdcjw. iod nis joeaxgj`jot aeemgminw/

Emoinn}. njt#w jdzgitj nis joeaxgj`jot ao tfj xmcftw ae umgtm`w ae txieemglmoc tajowzxj tfit tfj} ixj oat rjoinm{jd eax zonisezn igtw ga``mttjd iw i xjwznt ae hjmoctxieemgljd/ Zoeaxtzoitjn}. mo ìo} ae tfj Ixih gazotxmjw sfit firrjow mw tfit tfj} ixxjwti umgtm` ae txieemglmoc. tfj} da oat xjgacom{j tfj rjxwao iw i umgtm` ae txieemglmoc. iodtfj} rzt tfj rjxwao hjfmod hixw/ Tfmw `zwt gfiocj/

Njt `j gaognzdj h} wi}moc tfit tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. tfxazcf tfj TMR Aeemgj iodtfxazcf tfj `jgfiomw`w j`hadmjd mo tfj TMR xjraxt. fiw hjjo mowtxz`jotin mo jocicmoctfj Ixih caujxo`jotw mo tfjmx jeeaxtw ta ga`hit fzìo txieemglmoc/ Tfmw Z/W/gaowtxzgtmuj jocicj`jot ranmg} `zwt gaotmozj. jwrjgminn} mo nmcft ae tfj xjgjot ranmtmgindjujnar`jotw mo tfj xjcmao/Tfiol }az. @x/ Gfimxìo/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Tfiol }az ujx} `zgf/

\Tfj wtitj`jot ae @x/ @ittix eannasw;P

Motjxoitmaoin Fzìo Txieemglmoc iod Eaxgjd Nihax Ta` Niotaw Fzìo Xmcftw Ga``mwwmao &TNFXG Fjixmoc

Sjdojwdi}. Oauj`hjx 86. 8298

Tjwtmào} h} Dx/ @afi`jd @ittix Jvjgztmuj Dmxjgtax

Tfj Rxatjgtmao RxakjgtTfj Kafow Farlmow Zomujxwmt}



85

Dmwtmoczmwfjd `j`hjxw ae tfj Ga``mwwmao. tfiol }az eax innasmoc `j tfj faoax ae tjwtme}moc hjeaxj }aztadi} ao hjfine ae Tfj Rxatjgtmao Rxakjgt it Tfj Kafow Farlmow Zomujxwmt} Wgfaan ae IduiogjdMotjxoitmaoin Wtzdmjw ao tfj wtitzw ae fzìo txieemglmoc mo tfj Ixih Xjcmao/

M i` rxazd ae tfj saxl ae Tfj Rxatjgtmao Rxakjgt mo ga`hitmoc fzìo txieemglmoc mo dmeejxjot Ixihgazotxmjw. tximomoc rxawjgztaxw iod kzdcjw mo Wizdm Ixihmi ao tfj xmcftw ae umgtm`w ae txieemglmoc.m`rnj`jotmoc tfj oitmaoin igtmao rnio ta ga`hit fzìo txieemglmoc mo Jc}rt. jdzgitmoc xjnmcmazw njidjxw moNjhioao ao fzìo txieemglmoc iw i eax` ae jvrnamtitmao. jwtihnmwfmoc nis gnmomgw mo nis wgfaanw mo Yitix.Aìo. iod Lzsimt ta dxiet nisw ao tfj xmcftw ae da`jwtmg saxljxw. saxlmoc smtf gmumn wagmjt} mo Kaxdio taidart àdjn nisw ao tfj jwtihnmwf`jot iod arjxitmao ae OCAw iodgaarjxitmoc smtf igidj`mg mowtmtztmaow mo Mxiy ao tfj xmcftw ae tfj uznojxihnj rjarnj mognzdmoc umgtm`w ae fzìo txieemglmoc/

Fzìo txieemglmoc. ax txieemglmoc mo rjxwaow. tiljw ìo} eax`w mo tfj Ixih Saxnd. mognzdmoc wniujx}. hjccmoc. da`jwtmg wjxumtzdj. eaxgjd nihax. tj`raxix} ìxxmicj. gfmnd ìxxmicj. winj ae gfmndxjo eax tfj rzxrawj ae idartmao. rxawtmtztmao. xjgxzmt`jot mota ix`jd eaxgjw. iod txieemglmoc ae axciow/ Mo Jc}rt. iojwtmìtjd tsa fzodxjd tfazwiod ta aoj `mnnmao wtxjjt gfmndxjo ixj xjgxzmtjd mota eaxgjd hjccmoc/ Eaxjmconihaxjxw xjrxjwjot 55/= rjxgjot ae tfj tatin nihax eaxgj mo Czne Gazotxmjw iod tfj} ì} hj wzhkjgt tajvrnamtitmao/ Mo Lzsimt. Hifximo. Yitix. iod tfj Zomtjd Ixih J`mxitjw. eaxjmco saxljxw gaowtmtztj aujx 3:

rjxgjot ae tfj nihax eaxgj/ Tfjmx moihmnmt} ta ittimo iggjww ta kzwtmgj ax wjjl idjyzitj xjwtmtztmao mw iojcxjcmazw enis smtfmo tfj lieini ax „wraowaxwfmr w}wtj`.‐ iod aoj sfmgf mw mogaowmwtjot smtf motjxoitmaoinfzìo xmcftw wtiodixdw/ Da`jwtmg saxljxw xjrxjwjot :/5* ae tatin j`rna}`jot mo tfj Ixih xjcmao/ MoNjhioao. tfjxj ixj gzxxjotn} 9/8 `mnnmao eaxjmco saxljxw. àwtn} exa` Waztfjiwt Iwmi/ Ae tfawj. 422.222ixj j`rna}jd iw da`jwtmg saxljxw sfa ixj t}rmginn} oat gaujxjd h} jvmwtmoc nihax nisw. ìlmoc tfjùznojxihnj ta ihzwj iod eaxgjd nihax/ Tfj aetjo modmwtmogt mdjotmemgitmao ae txieemglmoc iw w`zccnmoc ezxtfjx ga`razodw tfj gfinnjocj mo hatf gaxxjgt mdjotmemgitmao ae tfj mwwzj iod mo ztmnm{moc io irrxarxmitj njcin iodwagmin xjwraowj/

M i` jogazxicjd h} tfj ìo} wtjrw tfit fiuj hjjo tiljo ta ga`hit tfj rxahnj` wmogj tfj riwwicj ae tfjZomtjd Oitmaow Rxatagan ta Rxjujot. Wzrrxjww. iod Rzomwf Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow. Jwrjgminn} Sa`jo iodGfmndxjo ae 8222/ Tfj Yitix Eazoditmao ta Ga`hit Fzìo Txieemglmoc mw m`rnj`jotmoc i tfxjj-}jix IxihMomtmitmuj ta jofiogj tfj girigmt} ae Ixih rixnmi`jotixmiow. nis joeaxgj`jot aeemgminw iod `j`hjxw ae gmumn

wagmjt} ta ga`hit fzìo txieemglmoc/ Tfj Fzìo Xmcftw Ga``mwwmao mo Wizdm Ixihmi mw gfimxmoc i zomt taximwj isixjojww ihazt fzìo txieemglmoc mo iggaxdiogj smtf tfj rxmogmrnjw ae Mwni` iod motjxoitmaoin njcinwtiodixdw/ Tfj Oitmaoin Gaaxdmoitmoc Ga``mttjj ta Rxjujot iod Ga`hit Fzìo Txieemglmoc mo Jc}rt mwm`rnj`jotmoc i ga`rxjfjowmuj igtmao rnio tfit eagzwjw ao tfj xmcftw ae tfj umgtm`w ae txieemglmoc/

@io} Ixih Wtitjw ixj gxjitmoc wrjgmemg fzìo txieemglmoc zomtw smtfmo tfjmx oitmaoin ranmgj ax axciom{mocfzìo xmcftw ga``mwwmaow tfit tiglnj fzìo txieemglmoc tfxazcf i `zntm-eigjtjd irrxaigf/ Mo tfj ZomtjdIxih J`mxitjw. tfj caujxo`jot”w motjx-`momwtjxmin Oitmaoin Ga``mttjj ta Ga`hit Fzìo Txieemglmoctximow kzdcjw. nis joeaxgj`jot aeemgminw. iod wtiee ae tfj caujxo`jot”w wagmin wjxumgjw icjog} ao fzìotxieemglmoc mwwzjw/

Mo Wizdm Ixihmi. tfj @momwtx} ae Nihazx fiw jwtihnmwfjd io Jvritxmitj Saxljxw” Sjneixj Djrixt`jot. idjgmwmao h} tfj Gazogmn ae @momwtjxw ta xjwtxzgtzxj tfj xjnitmaowfmr hjtsjjo saxljxw iod j`rna}jxw h}

rxafmhmtmoc wjyzjwtxitmao ae i saxljx”w riwwraxt iod xjàumoc tfj tjx` „wraowax‐ exa` tfj XjwmdjogjXjcznitmao/ Mo iddmtmao ta tfj Fzìo Xmcftw Ga``mwwmao. tfj Oitmaoin Iotm- Gaxxzrtmao Ga``mwwmao siwjwtihnmwfjd ta ga`hit gxm`jw ae gaxxzrtmao. mognzdmoc gxm`jw ga``mttjd h} rzhnmg aeemgminw iod mouanumoctxieemglmoc mo rjxwaow/

Djwrmtj tfj ìo} wtjrw eaxsixd. tfj gfinnjocjw xjìmo cxjit iw tfj xjwznt ae gaoenmgtw sfmgf iccxiuitj ranmtmgin mowtihmnmt} iod rjxrjtzitj moexiwtxzgtzxj tfit mw gaodzgmuj ta fzìo txieemglmoc/ Tfj Six mo Mxiy.tfj gaoenmgt mo W}xmi iod xjcmaoin mowtihmnmt} eannasmoc tfj Ixih Wrxmoc mo Jc}rt. Tzomwmi. Nmh}i. W}xmi. iod]j`jo fiuj jvigjxhitjd fzìo xmcftw gfinnjocjw iw hatf i xjwznt ae tfj gaoenmgt mtwjne iod nirwjw mojvmwtmoc da`jwtmg njcin exi`jsaxlw/



83

Ae tfj nixcj oz`hjxw ae Mxiym xjezcjjw. sa`jo mo rixtmgznix ì} hj eaxgjd mota rxawtmtztmao h} tfjmx ei`mnmjw tfxazcf wa-ginnjd tj`raxix} ìxxmicjw/ Ei`mn} `j`hjxw fiuj gajxgjd cmxnw iod sa`jo mota rxawtmtztmao ta jwgirj djwrjxitj jgaoa`mg gmxgz`wtiogjw. ta ri} djhtw. ax ta xjwanuj dmwrztjw hjtsjjoei`mnmjw/ Txieemgljxw ixj mogxjiwmocn} tixcjtmoc tfj Mxiym xjezcjj rarznitmao. smtf wa`j Mxiym sa`jo iodcmxnw jvrnamtjd h} tfjmx ei`mnmjw/

Mogxjiwjd mowtihmnmt} iod i uamd ae jeejgtmuj gaotxan mo W}xmi djjrjo Mxiym sa`jo”w iod cmxnw” uznojxihmnmt}ta txieemglmoc/ Iw tfj gaoenmgt mo W}xmi gaotmozjw. M i` gaogjxojd h} mogxjiwmoc xjraxtw ae W}xmio gfmndxjo hjmoc zwjd iw gfmnd wandmjxw iod tfj cxasmoc jvrnamtitmao ae gfmndxjo mo axciom{jd wtxjjt hjccmoc xmocw/ M iìnwa gaogjxojd tfit smtf tfj ranmtmgin zoxjwt mo Jc}rt. njww ittjotmao smnn hj djuatjd ta tfj rxahnj` ae fzìo txieemglmoc/ Tfmw mw rixtmgznixn} xjnjuiot mo tfj Wmoim/ Wmogj tfj xjuanztmao. ranmgj fiuj nixcjn} hjjozoihnj ta gaotxan tfj Wmoim. njiumoc xjezcjjw iod `mcxiotw uznojxihnj ta jvrnamtitmao iod txieemglmoc h}Hjdazmo ciocw/ Tfj ojs Jc}rtmio caujxo`jot `zwt zodjxwtiod tfit io zogaotxannjd Wmoim zodjx`mojwJc}rtmio wtihmnmt}. mw it addw smtf motjxoitmaoin njcin ahnmcitmaow. iod umanitjw rxatjgtjd motjxoitmaoin fzìoxmcftw/

Jvmwtmoc da`jwtmg exi`jsaxlw jvfmhmt ìo} cirw mo idjyzitjn} rxjujotmoc txieemglmoc. rxatjgtmoc umgtm`w.iod rxawjgztmoc aeejodjxw/ @io} Ixih caujxo`jotw fiuj oat djujnarjd i w}wtjìtmg irrxaigf tamdjotme}moc umgtm`w ax tfawj sfa ì} hj uznojxihnj. mognzdmoc tfawj ixxjwtjd eax rxawtmtztmao ax eaxjmco

saxljxw/ Umgtm`w sfa ixj ixxjwtjd eax rxawtmtztmao ixj oat aetjo xjgacom{jd iw umgtm`w ae txieemglmoc/ Mowa`j Ixih wtitjw. eaxjmco txieemglmoc umgtm`w ixj oat aeejxjd njcin intjxoitmujw ta xjàuin ta gazotxmjw mosfmgf tfj} eigj fixdwfmr ax xjtxmhztmao oax ixj umgtm`w igtmujn} jogazxicjd ta iwwmwt nis joeaxgj`jot momoujwtmcitmaow icimowt txieemgljxw/

M`rxaujd diti gannjgtmao h} tfj caujxo`jot icjogmjw ax oaocaujxo`jotin axciom{itmaow smtfmo Ixih wtitjwgio wmcomemgiotn} m`rxauj tfj xjwraowj ta umanitmaow ae fzìo txieemglmoc mo tfj xjcmao/ It rxjwjot. ejsgazotxmjw rxaumdj iggzxitj diti ao `mcxiotw enasw. àwt iuimnihnj diti mw aztditjd. iod giwjw ae fzìotxieemglmoc iod w`zccnmoc ixj xjwazodmocn} gaoenitjd. djnmujxmoc `mwnjidmoc xjrxjwjotitmaow ae jigf mwwzjmo tfj gazotx}/

Gaowjyzjotn}. tfj ritf mw dmeemgznt/

M i` rxarawmoc tjo xjga``joditmaow tfit M hjnmjuj smnn gaotxmhztj ta tfj jvmwtmoc `jgfiomw`w tfit fiujinxjid} hjjo gxjitjd ta jowzxj tfjmx jeejgtmuj m`rnj`jotitmao iod ta àhmnm{j tfj uixmazw wtiljfandjxw sfaixj jocicjd mo ga`hitmoc fzìo txieemglmoc mo tfj xjcmao/

Emxwt. jvriod tfj xanj ae gmumn wagmjt} mo ga`hitmoc fzìo txieemglmoc mo tfj Ixih xjcmao. mognzdmocigidj`mg mowtmtztmaow. gaxraxitmaow. `jdmi. oaocaujxo`jotin axciom{itmaow. iod xjnmcmazw mowtmtztmaow.sfmgf `zwt ezogtmao exjjn} iod rxarjxn} smtfazt xjwtxmgtmaow ax nm`mtitmaow/ Eannasmoc tfj irrxauin ae iojs gaowtmtztmao mo 8299. @axagga”w njcin joumxao`jot joihnjw gmumn wagmjt} axciom{itmaow iod rxaumdjw oaaztxmcft xjwtxmgtmaow ao arjxitmaow. sfmnj wtmnn ìmotimomoc tfj xjnmcmazw motjcxmt} ae tfj Wtitj/ Fasjujx. OCAw mo atfjx rixtw ae tfj Ixih saxnd ì} hj xjwtxmgtjd mo ahtimomoc i nmgjowj ta jocicj mo iduagig} eax fzìo xmcftw mognzdmoc tfj xmcftw ae umgtm`w ae txieemglmoc/ Tfj} ì} inwa hj wzhkjgt ta tjx`moitmao smtfaztio} kzdmgmin aujxwmcft/ @io} OCAw arjxitmoc mo tfj Ixih saxnd ixj oat innasjd ta xjgjmuj eaxjmco ezodmoc.sfmgf ezxtfjx xjwtxmgtw tfjmx girihmnmt} ta gixx} azt io} rxacxi`w ax momtmitmujw ta jofiogj fzìo xmcftw mo

tfj xjcmao/ Zwmoc tfj @axaggio àdjn. sj wfaznd jogazxicj Ixih wtitjw ta xjgacom{j tfj ratjotmin eax rixtojxwfmrw smtf gmumn wagmjt} iod tfj ojgjwwmt} ae i wzrraxtmuj da`jwtmg exi`jsaxl tfit smnn innas tfj` taenazxmwf/

Wjgaod. ztmnm{j tfj caad rxmogmrnjw ae Mwni`. Kzdimw` iod Gfxmwtmiomt} tfit rni} io m`raxtiot xanj mo tfjnmujw ae inn Ixihw/ Mwni`mg wgfanixn} armomaow. ax Eitsiw. fiuj hjjo mwwzjd ao tarmgw xjnitjd ta txieemglmociod eaxgjd nihax. iod fiuj fid m`raxtiot m`rnmgitmaow eax gzntzxin ittmtzdj iod wagmin xjwraowj/ Mo i Eitsimwwzjd ao Wjrtj`hjx 7. 8229. h} tfj Wizdm Ixihmio Cxiod @zetm xjcixdmoc tfj Ihzwj ae Eaxjmco Nihax h}Wizdm j`rna}jxw; mt siw wtitjd tfit. „Hniglìmnmoc iod tfxjitjomoc \eaxjmcoP nihaxjxw smtf djraxtitmao me tfj} xjezwj tfj j`rna}jxw” tjx`w. sfmgf hxjigf tfj gaotxigt. mw oat innasjd/‐ Mo i Eitsi mwwzjd h} Wfjml



86

]azwwje jn Yixidism. mo @ixgf 8226 ao tfj wraowaxwfmr xznj; „Tfj \wPwraowaxwfmr w}wtj` oasidi}w rxadzgjd umwiw ìxljt\wP. njiumoc tjow \wmgP ae saxljxw nmumoc mo wzhfzìo gaodmtmaow. iw i nixcj oz`hjx ae nihazxjxw ixj igga`àditjd mo wìnn ixjiw/ Mt mw xjinn} i wfi`j iod inwa mt mw icimowt tfj Mwni`mg rxmogmrnjwsfmgf ginn eax xjwrjgtmoc fzìo xmcftw/‐ @awt xjgjotn}. mo i Eitsi mwwzjd ao Kzn} :. 8299. h} Ihdzn Oiwwjx Ihz Hiwin. Rxjwmdjot ae tfj Saxnd Mwni`mg Wgmjogjw iod Jdzgitmao Zomujxwmt}; „Sfjo txieemglmoc aggzxw moio axciom{jd ìoojx iod ao i nixcj wginj. tfj rzomwf`jot wfaznd hj tfj wi`j iw tfj rzomwf`jot eax fmcfsi} xahhjx}/‐ Wm`mnix Eitsiw wfaznd hj jogazxicjd ta moenzjogj fzìo hjfiumax iod j`rfiwm{j tfjginn ae xjnmcmao ta gaodjò fzìo jvrnamtitmao/

Tfmxd. àuj hj}aod wrjgmemg iotm-txieemglmoc njcmwnitmao ta txieemglmoc-xjnitjd nisw mognzdmoc gfmnd rxatjgtmao nisw. nisw ao umanjogj icimowt sa`jo. nisw tfit jofiogj iggjww ta kzwtmgj. nisw tfit czixiotjjiggjww ta moeaxìtmao. iod nihax nisw tfit da oat dmwgxm`moitj icimowt eaxjmco nihax iod rxaumdj rxatjgtmaota inn eax`w ae nihax. mognzdmoc da`jwtmg saxl/ Iw M insi}w ixczj. aon} sfjo fzìo xmcftw ixj jofiogjdiod eznn} czixiotjjd eax tfj rjarnj ae tfj @mddnj Jiwt smnn fzìo txieemglmoc hj wzggjwweznn} gaoexaotjdiod jnm`moitjd/

Eazxtf. emnn tfj cirw mo tfj da`jwtmg njcmwnitmuj exi`jsaxl/ Gzxxjotn}. tfj eannasmoc Ixih wtitjw fiujfzìo txieemglmoc njcmwnitmao; W}xmi. Zomtjd Ixih J`mxitjw. Incjxmi. Hifximo. Dkmhaztm. Jc}rt. Kaxdio.@izxmtiomi. Aìo. Wizdm Ixihmi. Yitix. Mxiy. iod Njhioao/ Sj wfaznd rxaumdj tjgfomgin iwwmwtiogj taTzomwmi. ]j`jo. Wzdio. Rinjwtmoj. @axagga. Nmh}i iod Lzsimt. sfa ixj gzxxjotn} dxietmoc iotm-txieemglmoc

njcmwnitmao/ Wtitjw wfaznd inwa gaowmdjx jofiogmoc tfj rjoint} mo giwjw ae iccxiuitjd gmxgz`wtiogjw. wzgf iwsfjo tfj rjxrjtxitax ae tfj gxm`j mw tilmoc iduioticj ae i uznojxihnj umgtm` sfa fiw oa intjxoitmuj hzt tawzh`mt ta jvrnamtitmao/

Emetf. xitme} Motjxoitmaoin Nihazx Gaoujotmao Oa/ 96= ao Djgjot Saxl eax Da`jwtmg Saxljxw. sfmgf fiwjotjxjd mota eaxgj ietjx Zxzczi} iod tfj Rfmnmrrmojw djrawmtjd tfj tsa ojjdjd mowtxz`jotw eax xitmemgitmao/Sj wfaznd inwa idumwj Ixih wtitjw ta xitme} tfj Artmaoin Rxatagan ta tfj Gaoujotmao ao tfj Jnm`moitmao ae Inn Eax`w ae Dmwgxm`moitmao icimowt Sa`jo/ Mo iddmtmao. sj wfaznd zxcj gazotxmjw tfit wtmnn dmd oat xitme}tfj Motjxoitmaoin Gaujoiot ao Gmumn iod Ranmtmgin Xmcftw iod tfj Motjxoitmaoin Gaujoiot ao Jgaoa`mg.Wagmin iod Gzntzxin Xmcftw ta xitme} tfjwj motjxoitmaoin gaoujotmaow/

Wmvtf. gaarjxitj smtf tfj Njiczj ae Ixih Wtitjw. sfmgf rxaumdjw tfj gannjgtmuj rniteax` ae fzìo xmcftw eax inn Ixih wtitjw/ Xjgjotn}. tfj Ixih Njiczj idartjd tfj Wtxitjc} ta Ga`hit Fzìo Txieemglmoc. i àdjn

nis ao ga`hitmoc fzìo txieemglmoc. iod jwtihnmwfjd i wrjgmemg zomt tfit smnn xjgjmuj xjraxtw exa` tfj Ixihgazotxmjw ao tfj wtitzw ae fzìo txieemglmoc/ Sj wfaznd saxl smtf tfj Ixih Njiczj ta jofiogj tfjwjjoeaxgj`jot jgfiomw`w/

Wjujotf. m`rnj`jot tfj Ixih Gfixtjx ao Fzìo Xmcftw/

i Ixtmgnj = ae tfj Ixih Gfixtjx wtitjw;

Oa aoj wfinn hj wzhkjgtjd ta `jdmgin ax wgmjotmemg jvrjxm`jotitmao ax ta tfj zwj ae fmw axciowsmtfazt fmw exjj gaowjot iod eznn isixjojww ae tfj gaowjyzjogjw iod rxaumdjd tfit jtfmgin.fzìomtixmio iod rxaejwwmaoin xznjw ixj eannasjd iod `jdmgin rxagjdzxjw ixj ahwjxujd ta jowzxjfmw rjxwaoin wiejt} rzxwziot ta tfj xjnjuiot da`jwtmg nisw mo eaxgj mo jigf wtitj rixt}/ Txieemglmocmo fzìo axciow mw rxafmhmtjd mo inn gmxgz`wtiogjw/

h Ixtmgnj 92 ae tfj Ixih Gfixtjx wtitjw;

Inn eax`w ae wniujx} iod txieemglmoc mo fzìo hjmocw ixj rxafmhmtjd iod ixj rzomwfihnj h} nis/ Oaaoj wfinn hj fjnd mo wniujx} iod wjxumtzdj zodjx io} gmxgz`wtiogjw/

Eaxgjd nihax. txieemglmoc mo fzìo hjmocw eax tfj rzxrawj ae rxawtmtztmao ax wjvzin jvrnamtitmao. tfjjvrnamtitmao ae tfj rxawtmtztmao ae atfjxw ax io} atfjx eax` ae jvrnamtitmao ax tfj jvrnamtitmao ae gfmndxjo mo ix`jd gaoenmgt ixj rxafmhmtjd/



8=

g Tfjwj ixtmgnjw `zwt hj xjid mo iggaxdiogj smtf Ixtmgnj 47 ae tfj Ixih Gfixtjx. sfmgf rxaumdjwtfit;

Oatfmoc mo tfmw Gfixtjx ì} hj gaowtxzjd ax motjxrxjtjd iw m`rimxmoc tfj xmcftw iod exjjda`w rxatjgtjd h} tfj da`jwtmg nisw ae tfj Wtitjw rixtmjw ax tfawj wjt eaxtf mo tfj motjxoitmaoin iodxjcmaoin fzìo xmcftw mowtxz`jotw sfmgf tfj Wtitjw rixtmjw fiuj idartjd ax xitmemjd. mognzdmoc tfjxmcftw ae sa`jo. tfj xmcftw ae tfj gfmnd iod tfj xmcftw ae rjxwaow hjnaocmoc ta `moaxmtmjw/

Gaowjyzjotn}. Ixtmgnjw = iod 92 ae tfj Ixih Gfixtjx wfaznd hj motjxrxjtjd mo iggaxdiogj smtf tfj Zomtjd Oitmaow Rxatagan ao Txieemglmoc/

Jmcftf. saxl smtf fzìo xmcftw mowtmtztmaow ta ìmotimo ga`hitmoc fzìo txieemglmoc iw i rxmaxmt}/ Sjwfaznd hj rxaumdmoc tfj ojgjwwix} tximomoc ta tfj Wizdm Ixihmio Fzìo Xmcftw Ga``mwwmao. tfj Yitix Oitmaoin Fzìo Xmcftw Ga``mwwmao. iod wm`mnix fzìo xmcftw axciom{itmaow mo tfj uixmazw Ixih wtitjw/Tfmw mw m`rjxitmuj mo nmcft ae tfj xjgjot djujnar`jotw mo tfj xjcmao tfit ì} atfjxsmwj gfinnjocjcaujxo`jot xjwazxgjw/ M i` jogazxicjd h} tfj ojs dxiet ae tfj Jc}rtmio Gaowtmtztmao/ Mo Ixtmgnj 39. fzìotxieemglmoc mw jvrnmgmtn} rxafmhmtjd. jwrjgminn} eaxgjd nihax iod wjvzin jvrnamtitmao/ Sj wfaznd jogazxicjatfjx Ixih gazotxmjw tfit ixj mo tfj rxagjww ae dxietmoc i ojs gaowtmtztmao ta mogaxraxitj iotm-txieemglmoc rxaumwmaow mo ojs njcmwnitmuj exi`jsaxlw/

Omotf. jofiogj tfj girigmt} ae iotm-txieemglmoc zomtw tfit fiuj hjjo jwtihnmwfjd h} tfj caujxo`jot taga`hit fzìo txieemglmoc/ Tfjwj zomtw `zwt xjgjmuj tximomoc jwrjgminn} ao moujwtmcitmoc iod rxawjgztmocgiwjw ae fzìo txieemglmoc/ Tfmw tximomoc wfaznd mognzdj kzdcjw. ranmgj. nis}jxw. iod nis joeaxgj`jotaeemgminw/ Mt mw oatjd tfit ejs rxawjgztmaow fiuj hjjo xjraxtjd/ Azx rxawjgztaxw mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw giowjxuj iw i uinzihnj iwwjt mo rxaumdmoc tjgfomgin wzrraxt eax wzgf tximomoc mo tfj Ixih xjcmao/

Iod emoinn}. jdzgitj nis joeaxgj`jot iod wjxumgj rxaumdjxw ao tfj xmcftw ae umgtm`w ta jowzxj tfit tfj} ixjoat rjoinm{jd eax zonisezn igtw ga``mttjd iw i dmxjgt xjwznt ae hjmoc txieemgljd/ Umgtm`w” xmcftw gio hj rxatjgtjd ezxtfjx h} mogxjiwmoc jeeaxtw ta gaowmwtjotn} iod gaxxjgtn} mdjotme} umgtm`w ae txieemglmoc/ Tfjzntmìtj cain ae io} wtxitjc} ta ga`hit fzìo txieemglmoc mw ta rxatjgt azx umgtm`w iod ta jowzxj tfit tfj}ixj xjgjmumoc tfj rxarjx iwwmwtiogj iod gixj/ Aon} sfjo sj xjwgzj umgtm`w ae fzìo txieemglmoc iod rxaumdj tfj` smtf eznn iod idjyzitj rxatjgtmao. gio sj ìlj tfj gnim` tfit sj ixj wzggjjdmoc moga`hitmoc fzìo txieemglmoc/

Tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. tfxazcf tfj Aeemgj ta @aomtax iod Ga`hit Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow. iod tfxazcf tfj`jgfiomw`w j`hadmjd mo tfj Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow Xjraxt. fiw hjjo mowtxz`jotin mo jocicmoc tfj Ixihcaujxo`jotw mo tfjmx jeeaxtw ta ga`hit fzìo txieemglmoc/ Tfmw ZW jocicj`jot wfaznd gaotmozj. jwrjgminn}mo nmcft ae tfj xjgjot ranmtmgin djujnar`jotw mo tfj xjcmao/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Iod oas sj smnn fjix exa` @w/ @mwxi/Sjnga`j/

WTITJ@JOT AE OJFI @MWXI

@w/ @MWXI; Tfiol }az. @x/ Gfimxìo/ Iod tfiol }az eax tfj arraxtzomt} eax

tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx ta rxjwjot mtw rjxwrjgtmuj ihazt fzìo txieemglmoc ixazod tfj saxnd/

M inwa kzwt siotjd ta wi} i wrjgmin tfiol }az ta tfj wtiee ae tfj Ta` Niotaw FzìoXmcftw Ga``mwwmao/ Tfj} fiuj hjjo ujx} fjnrezn mo tfmw sfanj rxagjww/ Wa tfiol }az tatfj`/

Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx mw io motjxoitmaoin nihax xmcftw OCA tfit rxaàtjw iod rxatjgtw saxljx xmcftw cnahinn}/ Iod sj gaodzgt rxacxi`w ta ga`hit txieemglmoc hatf mo



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gazotxmjw ae axmcmo iod djwtmoitmao eax txieemgljd saxljxw/ Azx iotm-txieemglmoc rxacxi`wwrio tfj cnahj/ Iod sfmnj jigf gazotx} sj saxl mo fiw mtw aso wjt ae zomyzjgmxgz`wtiogjw iod rxahnj`w. sj fiuj eazod i ejs ga`ào tfj`jw/

Fzìo txieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao iod eaxgjd nihax fiw. it mtw gaxj.

umanitmaow ae saxljx xmcftw iod nigl ae nihax wtiodixdw iod rxatjgtmaow eax saxljxw/Sfjtfjx mt mw nas-sicj saxljxw mo wjgtaxw wzgf iw da`jwtmg saxl ax gaowtxzgtmao.`mcxiot saxljxw tamnmoc ao rin` amn rniotitmaow. ax atfjx ìxcmoinm{jd saxljxw wzgf iw raax sa`jo ax gfmnd nihaxjxw. fzìo txieemglmoc mw i saxljx xmcftw mwwzj hjgizwj mt mwnmoljd ta uixmazw eax`w ae nihax jvrnamtitmao. iod mt mw aoj ae tfj saxwt eax`w ae saxljx ihzwj/

Iod }jt txieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao aetjo cajw zodjtjgtjd iod cjtw `zgfnjww ittjotmao/ M``mcxitmao aeemgminw ì} gitjcaxm{j m``mcxiot saxljxw sfa ixjtxieemgljd iw zodagz`jotjd saxljxw iod djraxt tfj`/ Ranmgj iod nihax mowrjgtaxw ì}umjs mouanzotix} wjxumtzdj ax djht haodicj mo wjgtaxw wzgf iw icxmgzntzxj. gaowtxzgtmao.

ìozin nihax. iod ìozeigtzxmoc iw `jxj saxljx xmcftw ihzwjw iod. tfjxjeaxj. da nmttnj taxj`jd} tfjwj ihzwjw/ Iw sj oatjd jixnmjx. tfj Wtitj Djrixt`jot#w Txieemglmoc mo RjxwaowAeemgj mo mtw ioozin xjraxt insi}w tinlw ihazt tfj eigt tfit rxawjgztmaow eax eaxgjd nihax ixj eix ejsjx tfio tfawj eax txieemglmoc eax wjvzin jvrnamtitmao. iod jujo tfawj ixj nas/

Iod. }az loas. M siw wi}moc ta }azx wtiee jixnmjx tfit M nmlj tfj eigt tfit M i`camoc niwt hjgizwj M insi}w nmlj ta hj ihnj ta ga``jot ao wa`j ae tfj tfmocw tfit Mdmwicxjj ihazt. sfit atfjx rjarnj fiuj wimd. hzt. igtzinn}. M fiuj icxjjd smtf inàwtjujx}tfmoc tfit jujx}aoj fiw wimd ifjid ae `j/

Sj fiuj inn ramotjd azt tfit eaxgjd nihax mw igtzinn} i hmccjx rxahnj` tfio wjvzinjvrnamtitmao ixazod tfj saxnd. iod }jt sj ixj wtmnn wjjmoc xjwraowjw ta mt tfit ixj oat camocta tfj zodjxn}moc gizwjw ae tfjwj nihax ihzwjw/ Iod i nat ae tm`jw sfjo M cmuj tfjwj rxjwjotitmaow. M wi} tfmocw tfit ixjo#t insi}w rarznix. iod M i` ihazt ta wi} i ejs ae tfawjoas/ Hzt M xjinn} hjnmjuj tfit me sj siot ta jod àdjxo-di} wniujx}. sj siot ta jodtxieemglmoc. sj fiuj ta djin smtf tfj saxljx xmcftw ihzwjw tfit ixj tfj zodjxn}moc gizwjwae txieemglmoc/

Tfxjj ramotw M siot ta ìlj dzxmoc `} tm`j/

Aoj. sj fiuj ta naal it tfj rixtmgznix uznojxihmnmt} ae `mcxiot ax m``mcxiotsaxljxw ta fzìo txieemglmoc/ Sj fiuj tinljd ihazt. }az loas. zodagz`jotjd saxljxwiod zodjxwtiodmoc tfit saxljxw sfa ixj w`zccnjd ax sfa ixj mo i gazotx} smtfazt wtitzwae gazxwj ixj uznojxihnj ta fzìo txieemglmoc/ Hzt sj inwa fiuj ta naal it tfj w}wtj`wiod rxagjwwjw tfit sj ixj gxjitmoc tfit ixj ìlmoc `mcxiot saxljxw uznojxihnj tatxieemglmoc ixazod tfj saxnd/

Aoj ae tfj hmc tfmocw tfit rni}w i xanj mo tfit ixj oaom``mcxiot umwi rxacxi`wixazod tfj saxnd/ Sfjtfjx sj ginn mt tfj lieini w}wtj` mo tfj Czne Gaarjxitmao Gazogmngazotxmjw mo tfj @mddnj Jiwt ax jujo fjxj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. azx oaom``mcxiot umwi



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rxacxi`w. sfjtfjx mt mw tfj F-9. tfj F-8 rxacxi`w. inn tfjwj rxacxi`w ixj gxjitmocwtxzgtzxin rxahnj`w tfit ìlj mt jiw} ta jvrnamt `mcxiot ax m``mcxiot saxljxw/

Ga`ào tfj`jw iàoc tfjwj tj`raxix} `mcxitmao rxacxi`w ixj tfit zwzinn}saxljxw ixj tmjd ta i rixtmgznix j`rna}jx/ Me }az tmj i saxljx#w umwi ta io j`rna}jx. sfjo

tfj} ixj hjmoc ihzwjd. tfj} giooat njiuj/

Ioatfjx ga`ào tfj`j mo tfjwj tj`raxix} `mcxitmao rxacxi`w mw tfj zwj ae nihax xjgxzmtjxw. iod I`hiwwidax GdjHigi tinljd ihazt tfit jixnmjx. hzt mt gio#t hjaujxj`rfiwm{jd/ Nihax xjgxzmtjxw ixj rni}moc i fzcj xanj mo tfj txieemglmoc ae saxljxwixazod tfj saxnd. mognzdmoc mota tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw/ M i` oat wzxj fas tfmw firrjojd. hztmt fiw oas hjga`j iggjrtjd tfit tfj djemomtmao ae (saxl( fiw gfiocjd/ Me }az siot tasaxl eax wa`jhad}. }az oas fiuj ta ri} eax tfj rxmumnjcj ae saxlmoc/ Mt mw `}zodjxwtiodmoc tfit (saxl( mw xjinn} djemojd iw (M saxl< }az ri} `j/( Tfit fiw gfiocjdoas. iod }jt mt mw hjmoc iggjrtjd tfit mt mw ali} ta fiuj ta ri} fzodxjdw ta tfazwiodw -- M`jio. sj loas giwjw ae saxljxw ga`moc ta tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw ri}moc $82.222 ta cjt i

kah/ Icimo. M saxl< }az ixj wzrrawjd ta ri} `j/

Tfjwj xjgxzmt`jot ejjw ixj xjwzntmoc mo djht haodicj/ Iod i oz`hjx ae tfjiotm-fzìo-txieemglmoc axciom{itmaow tfit sj saxl smtf mo tfj Z/W/ iod ihxaid wi} tfitdjht haodicj mw aoj ae tfj nixcjwt rxahnj`w tfit tfj} ixj wjjmoc mo tjx`w ae fzìotxieemglmoc mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw/ Sj xjinn} ojjd ta da wa`jtfmoc ihazt xjcznitmoc eaxjmconihax xjgxzmtjxw. mognzdmoc tfj jnm`moitmao ae ejjw/

I`hiwwidax GdjHigi `jotmaojd tfj Jvjgztmuj axdjx tfit Rxjwmdjot Ahiìwmcojd mo Wjrtj`hjx/ Mt ìdj i fzcj njir eaxsixd mo rxjujotmoc txieemglmoc h} rxafmhmtmoc inn ejjw/ Sj ixj ujx} gaogjxojd tfit tfj hmnn tfit Wjoitax Hnz`jotfin rzteaxsixd ta jod wniujx} mo gaotxigtmoc innasw zr ta 9 àotf ae saxljx winix} iw ejjw/ Sjtfmol tfit tfit mw i nmttnj hmt ae i wtjr higlsixdw/ Tfj xjwt ae tfj nis mw saodjxezn iod rztweaxtf wa`j xjinn} caad gxm`moin rxaumwmaow. hzt io}tfmoc tfit rztw mota njcmwnitmaoinnasmoc ejjw mw i hmc rxahnj` mo tjx`w ae fzìo txieemglmoc/

Tfj wjgaod tfmoc M siotjd ta tinl ihazt siw wzrrn} gfimow. iod }az iwljd ihazttfmw jixnmjx mo tjx`w ae tfj Hiocnidjwf emxj/ Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx fiw io aeemgj mo Dfili.Hiocnidjwf. iod fiw hjjo djinmoc smtf tfmw zoeaxtzoitj gxmwmw wmogj mt firrjojd/

Hzt mo tjx`w ae fzìo txieemglmoc. sfjo sj tfmol ihazt wzrrn} gfimow. }az loas.tfj wi`j tfmocw tfit sj sjxj tinlmoc ihazt mo tfj 9==2w ixj ga`moc zr icimo; gadjw ae gaodzgt. tfmxd-rixt} modjrjodjot àomtaxmoc/ Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx iod ìo} m``mcxiotiod saxljx xmcftw cxazrw ixazod tfj saxnd fiuj wfaso tfit tfit dajw oat saxl/ Gadjw ae gaodzgt ixj oat joeaxgjihnj< tfj} ixj xixjn} aomtaxjd/ Mt mw oat io jeejgtmuj si} ta ìljwzxj tfit tfjxj mw oat wniujx} mo i wzrrn} gfimo/

Tfj wi`j tfmoc smtf tfmxd-rixt} àomtaxmoc ax modjrjodjot izdmtmoc tfit cajw ao/Tfj emxj mo Rilmwtio mw i rjxejgt jvi`rnj/ I àotf hjeaxj tfj emxj. tfj eigtax} siwgjxtmemjd iw wiej. iod }jt 982 saxljxw sjxj lmnnjd mo tfmw eigtax}/



78

Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx hjnmjujw tfit tfj àwt jeejgtmuj si} ta jnm`moitj eaxgjdnihax. djht haodicj. iod atfjx eax`w ae wniujx} mo wzrrn} gfimow mw h} j`rasjxmocsaxljxw ta fiuj i uamgj mo tfjmx saxlrnigj iod wzrraxtmoc tfjmx xmcft ta axciom{j iod kamozomaow/

Icimo. M wimd jixnmjx tfit M siw camoc ta wi} wa`j tfmocw tfit sjxj zorarznix/Tfit mw aoj ae tfj`/ Sfjo M tinl ihazt fzìo txieemglmoc iod tfjo M tinl ihazt tfj xmcftta axciom{j. rjarnj aetjo wi} ta `j tfit tfj} dao#t wjj tfj gaoojgtmao/ Hzt xjinn} me }azsiot ta ìlj wzxj tfit tfjxj mw oat wniujx} mo i wzrrn} gfimo. }az fiuj ta ìlj wzxj tfittfj saxljxw fiuj xjrxjwjotitmao. icjog}. iod i uamgj mo tfjmx aso wzrrn} gfimo ta hj ihnjta àomtax mt/ Iod tfit mw i fzcj tfmoc/

Tfj atfjx zorarznix tfmoc tfit M wi} mw tfit gaxraxitmaow ojjd ta hj fjndiggazotihnj eax ìrrmoc tfjmx wzrrn} gfimo/ M fiuj fjixd aujx iod aujx icimo h}ga`riomjw fas fixd mt mw ta ìr tfjmx wzrrn} gfimo/ Sj ixj i wìnn OCA/ Sj dmd i

xjraxt mo 8223 ginnjd (Tfj Txzj Gawt ae Wfxm`r( ihazt tfj wfxm`r modzwtx} mo Tfimniodiod Hiocnidjwf/ Iod tfxazcf azx rixtojxw. sfa ixj jujo wìnnjx OCAw iod zomaow moTfimniod. sj sjxj ihnj ta txigl tfj wzrrn} gfimo eax wfxm`r exa` tfj hatta` ae tfjwzrrn} gfimo mo Tfimniod inn tfj si} ta xjtimnjxw mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw/ Me sj gio da mt iw iwìnn OCA. me azx rixtojxw gio da mt. gaxraxitmaow gio da mt. iod tfj} wfaznd hj eaxgjd ta/

Tfj atfjx tfmoc mw tfit rxmgmoc wtxzgtzxjw -- sfjo j`rna}jxw iod hz}jxw djìodgfjir ax zoxjinmwtmg rxmgmoc wtxzgtzxjw. tfj} wfazndo#t hj wzxrxmwjd tfit tfj} ixj camoc taemod nihax ihzwjw. mognzdmoc wniujx}. mo tfjmx wzrrn} gfimow/ Iod wa sj ojjd ta naal it tfj rxmgj rxjwwzxjw tfit ixj hjmoc rzt inaoc wzrrn} gfimow/

Wm`mnixn}. sfjo j`rna}jxw gaotxigt azt ax fmxj zoxjcznitjd wzhgaotxigtax wzrrnmjxw. tfj} wfaznd oat hj wzxrxmwjd ta emod tfit tfj} fiuj fzìo txieemglmoc mo tfjmx wzrrn} gfimo/

Ioatfjx mwwzj mo tjx`w ae wzrrn} gfimo àomtaxmoc mw tfit tfj Djrixt`jot ae Fa`jniod Wjgzxmt} mw gfixcjd smtf ìlmoc wzxj tfit rxadzgtw ìdj smtf eaxgjd ax gfmndnihax ixj oat m`raxtjd ta tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw/ Aoj ae tfj rxahnj`w smtf tfit mw tfit sfjoDFW dajw io moujwtmcitmao aujxwjiw ihazt sfjtfjx i rxadzgt mw ìdj smtf eaxgjd nihax ax txieemgljd nihax. tfj} fiuj ta oatme} i caujxo`jot tfit tfj} ixj ga`moc/ Iod tfjo. ae gazxwj. sj inn loas sfit firrjow sfjo }az oatme} wa`jhad} tfit }az ixj ihazt ta da iomoujwtmcitmao; Wzrrn} gfimow ixj gnjiojd/

Aoj ae tfj xjga``joditmaow tfit sj fiuj mw tfit M wfaznd hj ihnj ta zwj jumdjogj h} nagin OCAw. zomaow. atfjx gazotjxrixtw sfa fiuj emxwtfiod loasnjdcj ae tfmw ta hjihnj ta wfas tfit rxadzgtw ixj ga`moc mota tfj Z/W/ ìdj smtf eaxgjd nihax/

Tfj atfjx xjga``joditmaow tfit sj fiuj ixj ta jowzxj tfit saxljxw ixj gaujxjd h} nihax nisw/ Rxaejwwax @ittix `jotmaojd tfmw eax da`jwtmg saxljxw/ Sfit sj wjj eax inn waxtw ae saxljxw. jwrjgminn} saxljxw mo io moeaxìn jgaoa`} ax `mcxiot saxljxw. tfj}



77

ixj aetjo oat gaujxjd h} nihax nis rxatjgtmaow. iod tfmw ìljw mt ujx} jiw} ta jvrnamttfj`/

Ioatfjx tfmoc tfit sj wjj mw tfit nihax mowrjgtaxw ojjd ta hj zwjd àxj ta ga`hittxieemglmoc/ Sfjo rjarnj tfmol ihazt ga`hitmoc txieemglmoc. tfj} aetjo tfmol ae gzwta`w

iod haxdjx aeemgminw/ Hzt sj xjinn} ojjd ta jowzxj tfit nihax mowrjgtaxw rni} i cxjitjx xanj/

Iw io jvi`rnj. Yitix mw camoc ta hj fawtmoc tfj Saxnd Gzr mo 8288/ Tfj rxmuitjwjgtax mo Yitix mw ìdj zr ae -- àxj tfio =2 rjxgjot ae tfj rxmuitj wjgtax mw ìdj zr ae `mcxiot saxljxw/ Tfj} jvrjgt ta fiuj it njiwt i `mnnmao àxj `mcxiot saxljxw ga`j motatfj gazotx} ta fjnr hzmnd inn tfj wtidmz`w iod moexiwtxzgtzxj tfit mw camoc ta ojjd ta cainaoc smtf tfj Saxnd Gzr/ Smtf inn tfjwj `mcxiot saxljxw ga`moc mo. Yitix fiwwa`jtfmoc ixazod 42 nihax mowrjgtaxw/ ]az ixj camoc ta fiuj aujx 8 `mnnmao `mcxiotsaxljxw mo i gazotx} iod aon} 42 nihax mowrjgtaxw/ Mt mw camoc ta ìlj mt ujx}. ujx} jiw}ta jvrnamt rjarnj/

Tfj niwt tfmoc tfit M smnn kzwt jod smtf mw tfit M tfmol tfj Z/W/ Caujxo`jot fiw icxjit xanj ta rni} mo fjnrmoc gazotxmjw ixazod tfj saxnd ta ojcatmitj wtxaocjx rawmtmaowiod àxj rxatjgtmaow eax tfjmx `mcxiot saxljxw/

Iw io jvi`rnj. M saxljd eax : }jixw mo azx aeemgj mo Modaojwmi. sfjxj `mnnmaow ae `mcxiot saxljxw `mcxitj jigf }jix/ Tfj Modaojwmio Caujxo`jot ojcatmitjw hmnitjxinicxjj`jotw smtf gazotxmjw wzgf iw @ini}wmi/ Tfjwj hmnitjxin icxjj`jotw. tfazcf. ixjaetjo ujx} sjil/ Tfj} igtzinn} fiuj wimd mo tfj` tfit }az gio tilj i saxljx#w riwwraxt/Tfj} fiuj wimd tfit da`jwtmg saxljxw da oat fiuj ta fiuj i di} aee/ Hjgizwj Modaojwmimw ga`rjtmoc smtf atfjx nas-sicj ax djujnarmoc gazotxmjw eax tfjmx saxljxw ta hj ihnj taca ihxaid. tfj} ixj oat ujx} nmljn} ta rzwf eax wtxaoc rxatjgtmaow/

Iod wa aoj ae tfj tfmocw tfit sj xjga``jod mw tfit tfj Z/W/ Caujxo`jot wfaznd rxaumdj wzrraxt ta gazotxmjw ae axmcmo. jwrjgminn} djujnarmoc gazotxmjw. ta ojcatmitj`zntmnitjxin icxjj`jotw smtf àxj rasjxezn djwtmoitmao gazotxmjw ta njujn tfj rni}mocemjnd eax `mcxiot saxljxw/ Me tfj} gio da mt iw i gnzwtjx. me Hiocnidjwf. Modaojwmi. iod Ojrin gio ojcatmitj tacjtfjx. mt mw àxj nmlj tfit tfj} saznd fiuj wtxaoc rxatjgtmao eax tfjmx saxljxw/

]az wimd mt jixnmjx. @x/ Gfimxìo. tfit sj xjinn} da ojjd ta riww tfj TxieemglmocUmgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Xjiztfaxm{itmao Igt iw waao iw rawwmhnj/ Tfiol }az wa `zgf/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Tfiol }az ujx} `zgf eax }azx tjwtmào}/

\Tfj wtitj`jot ae @w/ @mwxi eannasw;P



74

Tjwtmào} ae

Ojfi @mwxi

Wjomax Wrjgminmwt. @mcxitmao iod Fzìo Txieemglmoc

Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx. IEN-GMA

Hjeaxj tfj Ta` Niotaw Fzìo Xmcftw Ga``mwwmao

Z/W/ Fazwj ae Xjrxjwjotitmujw


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Motjxoitmaoin Fzìo Txieemglmoc iod Eaxgjd Nihax

Tfiol }az ta tfj Ta` Niotaw Fzìo Xmcftw Ga``mwwmao eax tfj arraxtzomt} ta rxjwjot tfj Wanmdixmt}Gjotjx”w rjxwrjgtmuj iod irrxaigf ta ga`hitmoc motjxoitmaoin fzìo txieemglmoc iod eaxgjd nihax/ Sjirrxjgmitj tfj Ga``mwwmao”w motjxjwt mo tfj mwwzj. iod rixtmgznixn} mtw j`rfiwmw ao txieemglmoc eax tfj rzxrawjw ae nihax jvrnamtitmao/

@} oi`j mw Ojfi @mwxi/ M i` tfj Wjomax Wrjgminmwt eax @mcxitmao iod Fzìo Txieemglmoc it tfj Wanmdixmt}Gjotjx/ Sj ixj io motjxoitmaoin oao-caujxo`jotin axciom{itmao &OCA tfit rxaàtjw iod rxatjgtw saxljx xmcftw cnahinn}. saxlmoc mo aujx 52 gazotxmjw tfxazcf 84 emjnd aeemgjw/ Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx mw io innmjdaxciom{itmao ae tfj I`jxmgio Ejdjxitmao ae Nihax-Gaocxjww ae Modzwtxmin Axciom{itmaow &IEN-GMA. iod i`j`hjx ae tfj Innmiogj ta Jod Wniujx} iod Txieemglmoc &ITJWT/ Hzmndmoc zrao àxj tfio 82 }jixw ae jvrjxmjogj mo tfj ixjiw ae gfmnd nihax. `mcxiot saxljx jvrnamtitmao. iod wzrrn} gfimo iggazotihmnmt}. tfjWanmdixmt} Gjotjx ximwjw isixjojww ihazt tfj rxjuinjogj iod zodjxn}moc gizwjw ae txieemglmoc eax nihax

jvrnamtitmao. iod m`rnj`jotw rxacxi`w smtf i uixmjt} ae rixtojxw exa` i `}xmid ae wjgtaxw ta ga`hit tfj rxahnj`/ Tfjwj rxacxi`w mognzdj momtmitmujw tfit iddxjww jigf ae tfj eazx „Rw‐ tfit fiuj hjga`j rixt ae tfjiotm-txieemglmoc rixidmc`; rxjujotmao. rxatjgtmao ae umgtm`w. rxawjgztmao &ax iw sj rxjejx ta djwgxmhj mt.„xznj ae nis‐. iod rixtojxwfmrw/ Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx fiw tfj zomyzj ihmnmt} ta saxl igxaww haxdjxw. mo hatf gazotxmjw ae axmcmo iod djwtmoitmao eax txieemgljd saxljxw/ Sj fiuj m`rnj`jotjd iotm-fzìotxieemglmoc rxacxi`w mo gazotxmjw wzgf iw Tfimniod. Modaojwmi. Ojrin. Modmi. Wxm Nioli. Rilmwtio. @ini}wmi.Faoc Laoc. tfj Rfmnmrrmojw. Hifximo. Yitix. Lzsimt. Ljo}i. @andaui. iod tfj Da`momgio Xjrzhnmg/

Azx iotm-txieemglmoc rxacxi`w fiuj wrioojd tfj cnahj. iod sfmnj jigf gazotx} sj saxl mo fiw mtw aso wjtae zomyzj gmxgz`wtiogjw iod rxahnj`w. sj fiuj eazod i ejs ga`ào tfj`jw/ Fzìo txieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao iod eaxgjd nihax fiw it mtw gaxj umanitmaow ae saxljx xmcftw iod nigl ae nihax wtiodixdw iod rxatjgtmaow eax saxljxw/ Sfjtfjx mtw nas-sicj saxljxw mo wjgtaxw wzgf iw da`jwtmg saxl ax gaowtxzgtmao<`mcxiot saxljxw9 tamnmoc ao rin` amn rniotitmaow< ax atfjx ìxcmoinm{jd saxljxw wzgf iw raax sa`jo ax gfmnd nihaxjxw< fzìo txieemglmoc mw i saxljx xmcftw mwwzj hjgizwj mt mw nmoljd ta uixmazw eax`w ae nihax jvrnamtitmao. iod mt mw aoj ae tfj saxwt eax`w ae saxljx ihzwj/

9 Tfj tjx` „`mcxiot saxljx‐ mw tfj motjxoitmaoinn} iggjrtjd tjx` eax i rjxwao sfa `mcxitjw eax j`rna}`jot. sfjtfjx tj`raxix}. wjiwaoin. ax rjxìojot/ Mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. mo jujx} di} nioczicj.„`mcxiot saxljx‐ ì} xjejx ta i wjiwaoin ax tj`raxix} saxljx. iod „m``mcxiot saxljx‐ xjejxw ta wa`jaojsfa `mcxitjw eax saxl ao i àxj rjxìojot hiwmw. ax sfa fiw xjwmdjog} xmcftw/ M smnn zwj hatf tjx`w mo `}tjwtmào} motjxgfiocjihn} ta xjejx ta inn saxljxw sfa `mcxitj eax saxl. xjcixdnjww ae tfjmx wtitzw ax njoctfae wti} mo tfj djwtmoitmao gazotx}/



7:

Sj fiuj ga`j i naoc si} wmogj tfj riwwicj ae tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Igt &TURI mo 8222/Azx gannjgtmuj zodjxwtiodmoc mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw &Z/W/ iod cnahinn} ihazt sfit joga`riwwjw fzìotxieemglmoc fiw jvriodjd cxjitn}/ Sj ixj mogxjiwmocn} wjjmoc momtmitmujw tfit iddxjww tfj sfanj wrjgtxz` ae fzìo txieemglmoc - exa` eax`w ae wjvzin jvrnamtitmao. ta mouanzotix} wjxumtzdj. djht haodicj. haodjdnihax. iod eaxgjd nihax/ Tfmw mw m`raxtiot iw mt rxjwjotw i axj ga`rnjtj rmgtzxj ae adjxo wniujx}/ It tfjwi`j tm`j. fasjujx. sj gaotmozj ta wjj tfj gaoenitmao ae fzìo txieemglmoc smtf ga``jxgmin wjvzinjvrnamtitmao. xjwzntmoc mo àxj ittjotmao iod xjwazxgjw camoc ta tfj rxahnj` ae wjv txieemglmoc aujx nihax/Tfjxj mw mogxjiwmoc jumdjogj. fasjujx. tfit tfj ìkaxmt} ae txieemglmoc umgtm`w ixj mo eaxgjd nihax ax atfjx eax`w ae wjujxj nihax jvrnamtitmao/ Tfj Motjxoitmaoin Nihax Axciom{itmao &MNA mo 8298 gi`j azt smtf iojs cnahin jwtmìtj ae eaxgjd nihax/ Mt ximwjd tfj oz`hjx exa` 98 `mnnmao mo tfj 822: jwtmìtj ta inàwt 89`mnnmao tadi}/ Tfmw ojs jwtmìtj tiljw mota iggazot inn eax`w ae fzìo txieemglmoc ‗ mognzdmoc wjv iodnihax ‗ iod fiw hjjo igloasnjdcjd h} jvrjxtw iw hjmoc `zgf àxj iggzxitj/ Tfj ojs jwtmìtj rxaumdjwiddmtmaoin jumdjogj ae i eigt tfit tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx fiw rxaàtjd eax àxj tfio i djgidj ‗ txieemglmoceax nihax jvrnamtitmao mw àxj rxjuinjot ixazod tfj saxnd. tfio wjv txieemglmoc/

Iod }jt. txieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao aetjo cajw zodjtjgtjd iod cjtw `zgf njww ittjotmao/ M``mcxitmaoaeemgminw ì} gitjcaxm{j m``mcxiot saxljxw sfa ixj txieemgljd iw zodagz`jotjd saxljxw iod djraxt tfj`/Ranmgj iod nihax mowrjgtaxw ì} umjs mouanzotix} wjxumtzdj ax djht haodicj mo wjgtaxw wzgf iw icxmgzntzxj.gaowtxzgtmao. ìozin nihax iod ìozeigtzxmoc iw `jxj saxljx xmcftw ihzwjw. tfjxjeaxj damoc nmttnj taxj`jd} tfjwj ihzwjw/ Iod iw tfj Z/W/ Djrixt`jot ae Wtitj”w Aeemgj ta @aomtax iod Ga`hit Txieemglmoc mo

Rjxwaow &K!TMR fiw oatjd }jix ietjx }jix mo mtw ioozin Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow Xjraxt . rxawjgztmaow eax eaxgjd nihax ixj eix ejsjx tfio tfawj eax txieemglmoc eax wjvzin jvrnamtitmao &iod jujo tfawj ixj nas/

Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx fiw wimd tfmw ìo} tm`jw hjeaxj hzt mt hjixw xjrjitmoc/ Mo 8298. i wniuj ì} oat hj mogfimow ax wfiglnjw. hzt tfj} ixj oa exjjx/ Wniujx} mw oat wm`rn} asojxwfmr ae aoj rjxwao aujx ioatfjx/@adjxo di} wniujx} mw `zgf àxj wzhtnj/ Txieemglmoc umgtm`w tamn mo eigtaxmjw tfit rxadzgj rxadzgtw tfitixj jvraxtjd ta tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. Jzxarj. iod atfjx djwtmoitmaow/ Txieemglmoc umgtm`w fixujwt ujcjtihnjwiod rxagjww eaad tfit jodw zr ao azx dmomoc xaa` tihnjw/ Tfj} rmgl gxarw ax `moj `mojxinw tfit ixj xisìtjxminw mo tfj rxadzgtw sj hz}/ Tfj} ìlj tfj gnatfjw iod wfajw sj sjix/ Tfj} gnjio rjarnj”w fa`jwiod tilj gixj ae tfj }azoc. jndjxn} iod wmgl/ Tfj} ixj jowniujd oat aon} tfxazcf rf}wmgin xjwtximot. hzt inwatfxazcf gajxgmao. ejix. iod motm`mditmao/ Mo tadi}”w cnahin jgaoa`}. saxljxw gio hj jowniujd h} tfxjitw ae djraxtitmao. nigl ae umihnj intjxoitmujw. iod jwrjgminn} djht/

Fzìo txieemglmoc tfxmujw mo tfj gaotjvt ae saxljx jvrnamtitmao;

• Sfjo m``mcxiot saxljxw ixj eaxgjd ta ri} fmcf ejjw. aetjo it jvaxhmtiot motjxjwt xitjw. ta nihax xjgxzmtjxw ta saxl mo ioatfjx gazotx}. tfj} ixj uznojxihnj ta djht haodicj ‗ aoj ae tfj àwt rjxuiwmujeax`w ae àdjxo wniujx}/ Tfmw mw tfj giwj eax `mnnmaow ae Waztf Iwmio `mcxiot saxljxw sfa txiujn tagazotxmjw mo tfj Czne wzgf iw Yitix. tfj Zomtjd Ixih J`mxitjw. iod Lzsimt ta saxl mo gaowtxzgtmao.da`jwtmg saxl iod atfjx rixtw ae tfj wjxumgj wjgtax/ Tfjwj saxljxw ixj aetjo djgjmujd ihazt sicjwiod saxlmoc gaodmtmaow. tfxazcf einwj gaotxigtw iod hxaljo rxa`mwjw/ Tfj} ri} fzodxjdw ax tfazwiodwae dannixw ta nihax xjgxzmtjxw eax tfjwj kahw. tilmoc azt naiow it jvaxhmtiot motjxjwt xitjw. aon} ta emod tfittfj kahw sjxj oat iw rxa`mwjd/ @io} cjt rimd `zgf njww tfio rxa`mwjd. oat joazcf ta ri} higl tfjnaio< cjt rimd nitj. ga`razodmoc tfj motjxjwt tfj} `zwt ri}< ax da oat cjt rimd it inn. xjwzntmoc mo eaxgjdnihax/ Tfjwj `mcxiot saxljxw ixj tmjd ta i rixtmgznix j`rna}jx tfxazcf tfj lieini ax wraowaxwfmrw}wtj`. iod giooat njiuj tfjmx ihzwmuj j`rna}jxw/ @mnnmaow ae atfjx saxljxw ‗ mognzdmoc eax jvi`rnj.

@andauio `mcxiot icxmgzntzxj saxljxw mo Wrimo. Umjtoi`jwj saxljxw tamnmoc mo eigtaxmjw mo Timsio.iod F-8H umwi saxljxw mo tfj Z/W/ ‗ gio tjnn i wm`mnix wtax}/

• Sfjo hz}jxw rxjwwzxj wzrrnmjxw inn inaoc wzrrn} gfimow ta igfmjuj gzttfxait rxmgjw eax tfjmx rxadzgtw.saxljxw ixj tfj aojw tfit hjix tfj hzxdjo iw nihax gawtw ixj aetjo tfj emxwt aojw ta hj gzt. mogxjiwmocsaxljxw uznojxihmnmt} ta wjujxj eax w ae nihax jvrnamtitmao. mognzdmoc fzìo txieemglmoc/ Tfmw mw tfjgiwj eax tfazwiodw ae Hzx`jwj `mcxiot saxljxw sfa fiuj hjjo wzhkjgt ta eaxgjd nihax iod rf}wmgin.jàtmaoin. iod wjvzin motm`mditmao mo wjieaad-rxagjwwmoc eigtaxmjw mo Tfimniod. sfmgf jvraxt ta tfjZomtjd Wtitjw/ Tfj eigtaxmjw xjn} ao txieemgljd saxljxw ta wti} smtfmo tfj gawt wtxzgtzxj wjt h} hz}jxwsfa ixj aetjo ìkax xjtimnjxw mo tfj Z/W/ iod Jzxarj/



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• Sfjo nihax nisw iod xjcznitmaow ixj oat m`rnj`jotjd. àomtaxjd. ax joeaxgjd — sfjo nihax mowrjgtmao mw sjil ax oaojvmwtjot — saxljxw ixj uznojxihnj ta txieemglmoc eax eaxgjd nihax iod atfjx eax`w ae wjujxj nihax jvrnamtitmao/ Sfjo saxljxw eigj xjtinmitmao eax tx}moc ta jvjxgmwj tfjmx xmcftw ax sfjo saxljxw nigl iggjww ta iujozjw ta iddxjww ihzwj. saxljxw ixj uznojxihnj ta fzìo txieemglmoc/Tfmw mw tfj giwj eax `mnnmaow ae da`jwtmg saxljxw.8 icxmgzntzxin saxljxw. iod m``mcxiot saxljxw mo tfj

Zomtjd Wtitjw iod ixazod tfj saxnd sfa eigj jvtxj`j gaodmtmaow ae jvrnamtitmao. mognzdmoc rf}wmginiod wjvzin umanjogj. gaoemwgitmao ae riwwraxtw. mnnjcin gaoemoj`jot. diocjxazw saxlmoc gaodmtmaow. iodoao-ri}`jot ae sicjw/ Tfjwj saxljxw ixj aetjo jvrnmgmtn} jvgnzdjd exa` tfj rxatjgtmao ae nihax nisw.jujo sfjo tfj} ixj gmtm{jow ax oitmaoinw ae i gazotx}. iod tfjmx saxl mw aetjo xjnjcitjd ta tfj moeaxìnjgaoa`} sfjxj tfjxj mw nmttnj nihax mowrjgtmao/

Sfmnj txieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao fiw ìo} eigjtw. wjujxin ìkax txjodw mo azx cnahinm{jd saxndmogxjiwj saxljxw” uznojxihmnmt}. rixtmgznixn} tfawj àwt it xmwl iod àwt mo ojjd ae rxatjgtmao/ Modjujnarjd jgaoa`mjw nmlj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. Jzxarj. iod Kirio. sj ixj wjjmoc io mogxjiwj mo giwjw ae txieemgljd m``mcxiot tjigfjxw. ozxwjw. gaowtxzgtmao. iod wjxumgj wjgtax saxljxw ‗ inn mo tfjwj djwtmoitmaogazotxmjw smtf uinmd umwiw. wfmomoc i nmcft ao tfj wtxzgtzxin eimnzxjw smtfmo azx jgaoa`mg iod j`rna}`jotw}wtj`w tfit mogxjiwj m``mcxiot saxljxw” uznojxihmnmt} ta wjujxj eax`w ae nihax jvrnamtitmao/ @zntmoitmaoingaxraxitmaow. j`rna}jxw. hzwmojwwjw. nihax xjgxzmtjxw iod atfjxw jvrnamt tfjwj eimnzxjw/

Mìcjw mo tfj `jdmi. iod wtmnn mo tfj rzhnmg gaowgmazwojww. ae txieemgljxw ixj ae axciom{jd gxm`moinw}odmgitjw. gxm`moin ciocw. ax zodjxcxazod gxm`moinw sfa jvrnamt zodagz`jotjd saxljxw/ Tadi}.fasjujx. txieemgljxw gio inwa hj nmgjowjd nihax xjgxzmtjxw. j`rna}jxw. ax jujo caujxo`jot aeemgminw/ Sj wjjtxieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao firrjomoc mo tfj gaotjvt ae njcin wtxzgtzxjw ae j`rna}`jot iod hzwmojww.iod tfxazcf xjcznix. dagz`jotjd umwi rxacxi`w/ Me sj siot ta jod txieemglmoc. eaxgjd nihax iod atfjx eax`wae àdjxo wniujx}. sj `zwt iddxjww tfjwj hxaidjx zodjxn}moc xaat gizwjw. mognzdmoc eimnzxjw ta rxatjgtsaxljxw iod joeaxgj nihax wtiodixdw/

Tfj Rixtmgznix Uznojxihmnmt} ae M``mcxiot Saxljxw ta Fzìo Txieemglmoc

M``mcxiot ax `mcxiot saxljxw ixj rixtmgznixn} uznojxihnj ta fzìo txieemglmoc/ Mo azx rzhnmgitmao Kzwtmgj

eax Inn; I Czmdj ta Saxljx Xmcftw mo tfj Cnahin Jgaoa`}. tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx jvrnimow tfmw rfjoa`joao;

@mcxitmao iod fzìo txieemglmoc / / / ixj aetjo dmwtmoczmwfjd exa` aoj ioatfjx h} tfjoatmao tfit `mcxitmao mw gfixigtjxm{jd h} gfamgj iod txieemglmoc h} gajxgmao. djgjrtmao. ax eaxgj/ Fasjujx. mo tadi}”w cnahin jgaoa`} `mcxitmao iod txieemglmoc jvmwt inaoc igaotmozz`/ Sa`jo. `jo. iod gfmndxjo ì} wtixt azt `mcxitmoc eax tfj rxa`mwj ae sjnn rimd kahw iod jod zr hjmoc gajxgjd ta saxl zodjx jvrnamtitmuj gaodmtmaow wzgf iw tfawjga`àon} eazod mo cix`jot modzwtx} wsjitwfarw. icxmgzntzxj. da`jwtmg saxl. ax wjvsaxl/ Cmujo tfj nixcj oz`hjxw ae saxljxw sfa `mcxitj eax saxl cnahinn}. tfj rixtmgznix uznojxihmnmt} ae `mcxiot saxljxw ta txieemglmoc mw wmcomemgiot/7

Zowiej `mcxitmao rxagjwwjw iod tfj nigl ae nihax iod atfjx njcin rxatjgtmaow eax `mcxiot saxljxw ìljtfj` io jiw} tixcjt eax txieemgljxw mo tfj eax` ae zowgxzrznazw nihax xjgxzmtjxw iod j`rna}jxw/ @mcxiotsaxljxw ixj aetjo jvrnmgmtn} jvgnzdjd exa` tfj rxatjgtmao ae nihax iod atfjx nisw ‗ jmtfjx hjgizwj ae tfjmx m``mcxitmao wtitzw ax hjgizwj ae tfj wjgtax tfj} saxl mo &wzgf iw da`jwtmg saxl/ Txieemgljxw tilj

iduioticj ae tfmw jvgnzwmao ‗ iod ae tfj eimnzxj ta joeaxgj iod àomtax nisw sfjo tfj} da jvmwt ‗ mogxjiwmoctfj uznojxihmnmt} ae `mcxiot saxljxw ta fzìo txieemglmoc/

Tfmw mw tfj giwj eax Fimtmio `mcxiot saxljxw mo tfj Da`momgio Xjrzhnmg &D/X// Emxwt. raujxt} iod i nigl ae kahw mo Fimtm. iod tfjo tfj djuiwtitmoc jixtfyzilj. eaxgjd Fimtmio saxljxw ta `mcxitj ta tfj Da`momgioXjrzhnmg ta rxaumdj hiwmg ojjdw eax tfj`wjnujw iod tfjmx ei`mnmjw/ Nmlj ìo} djwtmoitmao gazotx}

8 Tfj tjx` „da`jwtmg saxljx‐ xjejxw ta i rjxwao sfa rxaumdjw wjxumgjw - wzgf iw gfmndgixj. gaalmoc. iodgnjiomoc - ta ax smtfmo i fazwjfand/7 fttr;!!sss/wanmdixmt}gjotjx/axc!emnjw!rzhwQkei822=/rde



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caujxo`jotw. tfj caujxo`jot ae tfj D/X/ eimnw ta rxaumdj wiej `mcxitmao rxagjwwjw ax w}wtj`w eax tfjwjuznojxihnj `mcxiot saxljxw/ Exa` gaxxzrt caujxo`jot aeemgminw inaoc tfj haxdjx. ta zowgxzrznazwxjgxzmtjxw iod j`rna}jxw sfa igt smtf m`rzomt}. Fimtmio `mcxiot saxljxw aetjo emod tfj`wjnujw mogaodmtmaow ae mouanzotix} wjxumtzdj. djht haodicj. iod eaxgjd nihax mo wjgtaxw wzgf iw wzcix. gaowtxzgtmaoiod da`jwtmg saxl/ Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx”w emjnd aeemgj mo tfj D/X/ fiw xjgjmujd xjraxtw exa` saxljxw ae ranmgj rmglmoc zr saxljxw ao ri} di} iod dxarrmoc tfj` it tfj haxdjx wa tfit j`rna}jxw da oat fiuj ta ri}tfj` tfj sicjw tfit tfj} ixj dzj. ìlmoc tfj ranmgj ga`rnmgmt mo tfj eaxgjd nihax ae tfjwj `mcxiot saxljxw/Fimtmio `mcxiot saxljxw aetjo xjraxt fixiww`jot iod eaxgjd hxmhjw h} D/X/ ranmgj/

Mo iddmtmao. Fimtmiow haxo mo tfj D/X/ ixj djrxmujd ae wtitzw. iod tfzw xjìmo uznojxihnj ta jvrnamtitmao/Eax jvi`rnj. Da`moca Gaogjrgmao mw 88-}jix and zodagz`jotjd Da`momgio/ Fj mw tfj wao ae tsa Fimtmio rixjotw. iod fiw hjjo wjjlmoc fmw njcinm{itmao eax tsa }jixw mo tfj Rxaumogj ae @aotj Rniti. sfjxj fjxjwmdjw/ @x/ Gaogjrgmao xjgjotn} gi`j ta tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx aeemgj mo Wiota Da`moca wjjlmoc njciniwwmwtiogj ietjx hjmoc emxjd smtfazt hjmoc rimd fmw winix} dzj/ „M saxljd ao i eix` iod fid ta da inn ae tfjeix` saxl/ Mo tfmw lmod ae kah }az fiuj ta wnjjr tfjxj iod mt”w i dazhnj nihax mo axdjx ta cjt }azx eaad/ Msaznd fiuj ta ri} eax sfit M itj it tfj jod ae tfj aotf iod saznd hj njet smtf oatfmoc/ Sfjo wa`jaojsiotw ta yzmt ax iw mo `} giwj. mw emxjd. tfj} dao”t siot ta ri} }az‐/ Sfjo @x/ Gaogjrgmao irrxaigfjd tfj@momwtx} ae Nihax eax fjnr. fj siw hiwmginn} tand tfit wmogj fj dmd oat fiuj io} rirjxw. fj wfaznd kzwt tiljsfitjujx fj gaznd fj cjt/ Sfmnj tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx iod i Da`momgio zomao. GOZW. sjxj ihnj ta iwwmwt@x/ Gaogjrgmao tfxazcf tfj `jdmitmao ae nis}jxw. fmw giwj mw i ga`ào aoj eax saxljxw smtfazt njcin

wtitzw. ìlmoc tfj` uznojxihnj ta nihax jvrnamtitmao aetjo xmwmoc ta tfj njujn ae fzìo txieemglmoc/

M``mcxiot Fimtmio saxljxw sfa tamn inaoc tfj wzrrn} gfimo eax rxadzgtw tfit ixj jvraxtjd exa` tfj D/X/ tatfj Z/W/ ixj inwa uznojxihnj ta fzìo txieemglmoc/ I ejs àotfw ica. tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx xjgjmujdmoeaxìtmao exa` i Da`momgio Fimtmio zomao `j`hjx mo Hixifaoi xjcixdmoc txieemglmoc iod eaxgjd nihax iti ojixh} wzcix xjemojx}/ Tfj smtojww ciuj djtimnjd tjwtmào} ae xjemojx} wzrjxumwaxw ìlmoc txmrw ta Fimtmta hz} nihax exa` `mddnj`jo it 9.522 rjwaw i fjid &ihazt Z/W/$42/ Tfj nihaxjxw ixj tiljo eax tfj fixujwtwjiwao/ Tfj} ixj fazwjd zodjx ix`jd czixd iod tiljo mota taso aggiwmaoinn} ta wfar/ Atfjx tfio tfit tfj}ixj oat rjx`mttjd ta njiuj/ Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx xjraxtjd tfj giwj ta tfj Wrjgmin Da`momgio Zomt aoTxieemglmoc zodjx Z/W/ M``mcxitmao iod Gzwta`w Joeaxgj`jot &MGJ njidjxwfmr mo Wiota Da`moca/ IUjxmtí xjraxt ezodjd h} tfj Z/W/ Djrt/ ae Nihax. jotmtnjd Xjwjixgf ao Modmgitaxw ae Eaxgjd Nihax mo tfj

Da`momgio Xjrzhnmg Wzcix Wjgtax . rxaumdjd ezxtfjx jumdjogj ae eaxgjd nihax mo tfj wzcix modzwtx};„Xjwjixgf djtjgtjd jumdjogj ae tfj rxjwjogj ae tfj eannasmoc modmgitaxw ae nigl ae gaowjot; rf}wmgin

gaoemoj`jot mo tfj saxl nagitmao. rw}gfanacmgin ga`rznwmao &m/j/ io axdjx ta saxl smtf i gxjdmhnj tfxjit ae rjoint} eax oao-ga`rnmiogj. modzgjd modjhtjdojww. djgjrtmao ax einwj rxa`mwjw ihazt tjx`w ae saxl.smtffandmoc iod oao-ri}`jot ae sicjw. iod xjtjotmao ae mdjotmt} dagz`jotw/‐ Tfj moujwtmcitaxw inwa eazod rf}wmgin umanjogj. naww ae j`rna}`jot. jvgnzwmao exa` eztzxj j`rna}`jot iod djrxmuitmao ae eaad iodwfjntjx ta hj gxjdmhnj tfxjitw jodzxjd h} `mcxiot wzcix saxljxw iod tfj djwgjodiotw ae `mcxiotw/

Tfjwj jvi`rnjw exa` tfj D/X/ fmcfnmcft sfit mw ga`ào eax `mcxiot saxljxw ixazod tfj saxnd. mognzdmocmo tfj Z/W/ Tfj nigl ae wtitzw. nihax rxatjgtmaow. ax hiwmg xznj ae nis rxatjgtmaow h} tfj caujxo`jot tfitinnasw j`rna}jxw ta jvrnamt `mcxiot saxljxw/ Icimo. tfjwj ihzwj aetjo xmwj ta tfj njujn ae fzìotxieemglmoc/

Txieemglmoc iw io Mofjxjot Uznojxihmnmt} mo Tj`raxix} Nihax @mcxitmao Wgfj`jw

Ae rixtmgznix gaogjxo mo tjx`w ae txieemglmoc ae `mcxiot saxljxw ixj tj`raxix} nihax `mcxitmao wgfj`jw ‗ wa`jtm`jw xjejxxjd ta iw czjwtsaxljx. wraowaxwfmr ax gmxgznix `mcxitmao rxacxi`w ‗ tfit ixj mogxjiwmocn} hjmoc rxaàtjd h} caujxo`jotw mo jujx} xjcmao ae tfj saxnd ta emnn djìod eax gfjir nihax/ Mo rxigtmgj.tfjwj wgfj`jw gxjitj i njcinm{jd w}wtj` iod wtxzgtzxj eax j`rna}jxw ta jvrnamt saxljxw. iod mogxjiwjsaxljxw” uznojxihmnmt} ta fzìo txieemglmoc iod atfjx eax`w ae wjujxj nihax jvrnamtitmao. mognzdmoc eaxgjdnihax/ Wzgf rxacxi`w fiuj hjjo rniczjd h} i naoc fmwtax} ae ihzwjw xiocmoc exa` nihax umanitmaow ta umwiexizd. djht haodicj. mouanzotix} wjxumtzdj iod txieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao/ Tfmw mognzdjw. iàocìo} atfjxw. tfj Z/W/ F-8 umwi czjwtsaxljx rxacxi`. wjiwaoin icxmgzntzxin rxacxi`w mo Gioidi iodJzxarj. iod tfj „lieini‐ ax wraowaxwfmr w}wtj` mo tfj Czne Gaarjxitmao Gazogmn &CGG gazotxmjw/



76

Tfj Innmiogj ta Jod Wniujx} iod Txieemglmoc ax ITJWT. ae sfmgf tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx mw i `j`hjx.djwgxmhjd tfj rxahnj` mo 8299 mo i wzh`mwwmao ta tfj Z/W/ Djrixt`jot ae Nihax iw eannasw4;

Mt mw h} oas hj}aod dmwrztj tfit tj`raxix} „czjwtsaxljx‐ rxacxi`w fiuj naoc saxljd tatfj djtxm`jot hatf ae tfj Z/W/ saxljxw sfa ixj h}riwwjd mo eiuax ae eaxjmco saxljxw. iodeax tfj eaxjmco saxljxw sfa einn rxj} ta zowgxzrznazw j`rna}jxw iod tfjmx nihax gaotxigtaxw/: Ae rixtmgznix gaogjxo ta azx `j`hjxw. lj} iwrjgtw ae tfj rxacxi` njid tafzìo xmcftw umanitmaow wzgf iw djht rjaoicj &ax djht haodicj. txieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao iod mouanzotix} wjxumtzdj. inn eax`w ae àdjxo-di} wniujx}/ Czjwtsaxljxw”uznojxihmnmt} mw cxjitn} mogxjiwjd h} tfj zwj ae nihax xjgxzmtjxw ax eaxjmco nihax gaotxigtaxw sfa nzxj m`raujxmwfjd iod djwrjxitj eaxjmco saxljxw ta kahw smtfmo tfjZomtjd Wtitjw djwgxmhjd iw rnjotmezn iod nzgxitmuj/ Tfj arraxtzomt} ta saxl mo tfj Z/W/ga`jw smtf io motanjxihn} fmcf rxmgj tic tfit mognzdjw moenitjd txiowraxtitmao. umwi. haxdjx gxawwmoc iod atfjx gawtw. iod „xjgxzmt`jot ejjw/‐ Aetjo. saxljxw nmtjxinn} àxtcicj ei`mn} rxarjxtmjw ax tilj azt naiow exa` naio wfixlw it jvaxhmtiot xitjw mo axdjx ta `jjt tfjwjahnmcitmaow/ Ga`riomjw smtfmo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw gnim` oa loasnjdcj ae tfjmx xjgxzmtjxw”igtmaow iod jwgirj njcin nmihmnmt} ao tfjwj cxazodw/ Tfj xjgxzmtjxw tfj`wjnujw aetjoxjìmo hj}aod tfj xjigf ae tfj Z/W/ njcin w}wtj`/

Aogj czjwtsaxljxw ixxmuj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. tfj sjnn-rimd kahw tfit fiuj hjjo aeejxjd

\aetjoP da oat ìtjxminm{j/ Saxljxw ixj njet smtfazt saxl it inn. ax smtfazt saxl eax tfjnjoctf ae tm`j rxa`mwjd tfj`/ Eiuaxihnj tjx`w iod gaodmtmaow ae saxl aeejxjd mo tfjfa`j gazotx} ixj xjrnigjd h} fixwf gaodmtmaow/ Kah gaotxigtaxw txiowejx saxljxw. eax i rxmgj. ta atfjx gaotxigtaxw/ Saxljxw sfa ixj dmwwitmwemjd smtf tfj kahw eigj aujxsfjn`mocwzhtnj iod oat-wa-wzhtnj rxjwwzxjw ta igyzmjwgj/ Riwwraxtw iod atfjx m``mcxitmao iodmdjotmt} dagz`jotw ixj gaoemwgitjd \h} j`rna}jxwP ta jowzxj tfit saxljxw da oat xzoisi}/ Ei`mnmjw higl fa`j ixj tfxjitjojd \h} xjgxzmtjxwP smtf rf}wmgin umanjogj. iw sjnniw ei`mn} hiolxzrtg} dzj ta naww ae tfjmx moujwt`jot mo tfj saxljx/ Saxljxw sfa dixjwrjil zr eax tfjmx xmcftw eigj kah naww. eannasjd h} djraxtitmao ta tfjmx fa`j gazotxmjwiod hniglnmwtmoc/ Tfjwj eigtaxw njid saxljxw ta einn mota `}xmid wmtzitmaow tfit xmwj ta tfjnjujn ae i wjujxj eax` ae fzìo txieemglmoc. àwt oatihn} gajxgmao tfxazcf ihzwj ax tfxjitjojd ihzwj ae tfj nis ax njcin rxagjww/

Iw oatjd mo i xjgjot MNA xjraxt. tfjwj gaodmtmaow gxjitj i rxacxi` tfit mw xmrj eax fzìoxmcftw umanitmaow/ Fzìo txieemglmoc ihzwjw mouanumoc F-8H umwiw fiuj hjjo dagz`jotjdsmtf exjyzjog} mo xjgjot `jdmi/

Sfmnj tfj djwgxmrtmao ihauj xjejxw ta tfj Z/W/ tj`raxix} czjwtsaxljx rxacxi`. tfj wi`j wgjoixma xjrjitwmtwjne ixazod tfj saxnd ‗ eax jvi`rnj. mo Gioidi. Jzxarj. tfj CGG. iod ixazod Iwmi &@ini}wmi. Wmociraxj.Timsio. Kirio. jtg// Mo ìo} gazotxmjw mo tfj CGG eax jvi`rnj. `mcxiot saxljxw ìlj zr tfj ikaxmt} ae tfj rxmuitj wjgtax saxleaxgj/ ]jt. inàwt inn ae tfjwj saxljxw ixj djomjd io} waxt ae xjwmdjog} wtitzw. iod

4 ITJWT Ga``jotw ao XMO 982:-IH:6. Tj`raxix} Oao-Icxmgzntzxin J`rna}`jot ae F-8H Inmjow mo tfj Zomtjd

Wtitjw &J`rna}`jot iod Tximomoc Id`momwtxitmao. 82 GEX Rixt 5:: iod Sicj iod Fazx Dmumwmao. 8= GEX Rixt :27.@i} 93. 8299/: Waztfjxo Raujxt} Nis Gjotjx. 8223/ „Gnawj ta Wniujx}; Czjwtsaxljx Rxacxi`w mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw.‐

fttr;!!sss/wrngjotjx/axc!rde!wtitmg!WRNGczjwtsaxljx/rde < Gnawjd iod Gxm`moin Giwjw Mnnzwtxitj Mowtiogjwae F-8H Saxljxw Hjmoc Tixcjtw ae Exizd iod Ihzwj. CIA 92-92:7< tjwtmào} wzh`mttjd h} `j`hjxw ae tfj Czjwtsaxljx Innmiogj eax Dmcomt} ta tfj Fazwj Ga``mttjj ao Aujxwmcft iod Caujxo`jotin Xjeax`Da`jwtmg Ranmg} Wzhga``mttjj. „Tfj F-8H Rxacxi` iod M`rxaumoc tfj Djrixt`jot ae Nihax”wJoeaxgj`jot ae tfj Xmcftw ae Czjwtsaxljxw.‐ Irxmn =. 822=< Tfj Gawtw ae Gajxgmao; Cnahin Xjraxt zodjx tfj Eannas Zr ta tfj MNA Djgnixitmao ae tfj Ezodi`jotin Rxmogmrnjw iod Xmcftw it Saxl. MotjxoitmaoinNihax Axciom{itmao. Motjxoitmaoin Nihax Gaoejxjogj. =6tf Wjww/ 822= Xjraxt M&H.fttr;!!sss/mna/axc!sg`wr:!cxazrw!rzhnmg!---jdQoax`!---xjngaoe!dagz`jotw!`jjtmocdagz`jot!sg`wQ925872/rde /



7=

nmuj iod saxl mo Lzsimt. Yitix. iod tfj Z/I/J/ eax jvi`rnj ao tj`raxix} umwiw/ Tfj K!TMR ioozin xjraxtgaowmwtjotn} fmcfnmcftw giwjw ae txieemglmoc ae tfjwj `mcxiot saxljxw mo tfj CGG. iod }jt tfj ìkaxmt} ae tfjwj txieemgljd saxljxw ixj eznn} dagz`jotjd iod rawwjww uinmd umwiw. zwj nmgjowjd xjgxzmtjxw iod saxl eax uinmd j`rna}jxw/

Tfj ga`ào jnj`jot mo inn ae tfjwj tj`raxix} czjwtsaxljx rxacxi`w ixazod tfj saxnd mw tfit tfjwjsaxljxw ixj txieemgljd smtfmo njcin umwi w}wtj`w. eznn} dagz`jotjd. iod tfit wtxzgtzxin enisw smtfmo tfjwj rxacxi`w innas saxljxw ta hj txieemgljd/

Tsa atfjx ìkax ga`ào tfj`jw j`jxcj;

9/ Tfj xanj ae eaxjmco nihax xjgxzmtjxw mo tilmoc iduioticj ae tfj nigl ae nihax xmcftw iod mofjxjotwtxzgtzxin eimnzxjw mo tfjwj rxacxi`w ta jvrnamt m``mcxiot saxljxw. jwrjgminn} tfxazcf djht haodicj< iod.

8/ Tfj ojjd ta rxaumdj cxjitjx rxatjgtmaow ta saxljxw iod arraxtzomtmjw eax tfj` ta xjraxt ihzwjw iodiduagitj eax tfjmx aso xmcftw/

Tfj Xanj ae Nihax Xjgxzmtjxw mo Rxaàtmoc Fzìo Txieemglmoc

J`rna}jxw. hzwmojwwjw. iod `zntm-oitmaoin gaxraxitmaow mogxjiwmocn} xjn} ao eaxjmco nihax xjgxzmtjxw taeigmnmtitj tfj àuj`jot ae saxljxw exa` aoj gazotx} ta ioatfjx/ Sfmnj ìo} nihax xjgxzmtjxw hjfiujjtfmginn} iod ixj jocicjd mo nisezn gaodzgt. atfjx xjgxzmtjxw ixj aetjo ga`rnmgmt smtf ax dmxjgtn} mouanujd motxieemglmoc ae saxljxw/ Xjgxzmtjxw aetjo gfixcj jvaxhmtiot ejjw eax tfjmx wjxumgjw. eaxgmoc saxljxw mota djht haodicj. einwme}moc dagz`jotw. iod djgjmumoc saxljxw ihazt tfjmx tjx`w iod gaodmtmaow ae saxl. mogxjiwmoctfjmx uznojxihmnmt} ta fzìo txieemglmoc/

Tfj mogmdjogj ae loaso fzìo txieemglmoc giwjw mouanumoc eaxjmco nihax xjgxzmtjxw mw cxasmoc dxiìtmginn}mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw iod ixazod tfj saxnd/ @io} Z/W/-hiwjd wjxumgj rxaumdjxw wtitj tfit xjcznitmoc nihax xjgxzmtjxw mw aoj ae tfj àwt m`raxtiot momtmitmujw ojjdjd ta ga`hit fzìo txieemglmoc ‗ hatf nihax xjgxzmtjxw hiwjd mo tfj Z/W/ iod ihxaid/ J`rna}jxw xjn} ao nihax xjgxzmtjxw sfa fiuj arjxitmaow hatf mo tfjZ/W/ iod mo eaxjmco gazotxmjw ‗ iw tfj} zwj i w}wtj` ae wzhgaotxigtmoc ta emod saxljxw/ Tfj arjxitmaow ae wzgf xjgxzmtjxw ojjd ta hj xjcznitjd ao hatf jodw ae tfj wrjgtxz`/

Wtxmgtjx xjcznitmao ae nihax xjgxzmtjxw mw jwrjgminn} ojjdjd ta rxatjgt saxljxw jotjxmoc tfj Z/W/ exa` fzìotxieemglmoc iod atfjx ihzwjw wzgf iw sicj tfjet/ Wtxaocjx njcin exi`jsaxlw smnn fjnr ta rxjujot zoxjcznitjdigtaxw exa` gaowrmxmoc ta exizdznjotn} djgjmuj saxljxw ihazt tfj tjx`w iod gaodmtmaow ae saxl/

Ta tfit jod. ITJWT fiw ìdj i wjxmjw ae xjga``joditmaow ta mognzdj xjcznitmao ae nihax xjgxzmtjxw!eaxjmconihax gaotxigtaxw mo tfj Xjiztfaxm{itmao ae tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm` Rxatjgtmao Igt &TURXI tfit mw gzxxjotn} hjeaxj Gaocxjww/ Wm`mnix rxaumwmaow sjxj riwwjd mo tfj 8226 Fazwj ae Xjrxjwjotitmujw ujxwmao ae tfjTURXI/ Sj fiuj njixojd jujo àxj wmogj 8226 ihazt tfj ojjd eax cxjitjx xjcznitmao ae eaxjmco nihax xjgxzmtjxw/ Iw wzgf. ITJWT xjga``jodw. smtf tfj wzrraxt ae i oz`hjx ae saxljx iod m``mcxiot xmcftwcxazrw mo tfj Z/W/ iod ixazod tfj saxnd. tfj eannasmoc eax mognzwmao mo tfj TURXI;

9/ Jnm`moitmao ae Ejjw; Oa eaxjmco nihax gaotxigtax. ax icjot ax j`rna}jj ae i eaxjmco nihax gaotxigtax.

wfaznd hj innasjd ta iwwjww io} ejj &mognzdmoc umwi ejjw. rxagjwwmoc ejjw. txiowraxtitmao ejjw. njcinjvrjowjw. rnigj`jot ejjw. iod atfjx gawtw ta i saxljx eax io} eaxjmco nihax gaotxigtmoc igtmumt}/ Wzgfgawtw ax ejjw ì} hj haxoj h} tfj j`rna}jx. hzt tfjwj ejjw giooat hj riwwjd inaoc ta tfj saxljx/ Tfmwmw aoj ae tfj àwt gxzgmin jnj`jotw ta jnm`moitj djht haodicj eax m``mcxiot saxljxw/

8/ Dmwgnawzxj; Eaxjmco nihax gaotxigtaxw iod j`rna}jxw `zwt hj xjyzmxjd ta eznn} dmwgnawj ta tfj saxljx mo sxmtmoc mo Jocnmwf iod mo tfj nioczicj ae tfj saxljx hjmoc xjgxzmtjd. inn ae tfj tjx`w iod gaodmtmaowae tfjmx saxl/ Tfmw mognzdjw;



42

• Tfj mdjotmt} ae tfj j`rna}jx iod tfj mdjotmt} ae tfj rjxwao gaodzgtmoc tfj xjgxzmtmoc ao hjfine ae tfj j`rna}jx. mognzdmoc io} wzhgaotxigtax ax icjot mouanujd mo wzgf xjgxzmtmoc/

• I wmcojd gar} ae tfj saxl gaotxigt. mognzdmoc inn iwwzxiogjw iod tjx`w iod gaodmtmaow ae j`rna}`jot. exa` tfj rxawrjgtmuj j`rna}jx eax sfa` tfj saxljx mw hjmoc xjgxzmtjd.mognzdmoc tfj njujn ae ga`rjowitmao ta hj rimd. tfj rnigj iod rjxmad ae j`rna}`jot. i

djwgxmrtmao ae tfj t}rj iod oitzxj ae j`rna}`jot igtmumtmjw. io} smtffandmocw ax djdzgtmaowexa` ga`rjowitmao iod io} rjointmjw eax tjx`moitmoc j`rna}`jot/

• Tfj t}rj ae umwi zodjx sfmgf tfj eaxjmco saxljx mw ta hj j`rna}jd. tfj njoctf ae tm`j tfj umwimw uinmd iod tfj tjx`w iod gaodmtmaow zodjx sfmgf tfmw umwi smnn hj xjojsjd smtf i gnjix wtitj`jot ae sfjtfjx tfj j`rna}jx smnn wjgzxj xjojsin ae tfmw umwi ax me xjojsin `zwt hjahtimojd h} tfj saxljx iod io} jvrjowjw iwwagmitjd smtf wjgzxmoc ax xjojsmoc tfj umwi/

• Io mtj`m{jd nmwt ae io} gawtw ax jvrjowjw ta hj gfixcjd ta tfj saxljx/ Mognzdmoc hzt oatnm`mtjd ta; tfj gawtw ae fazwmoc ax igga`àditmao. txiowraxtitmao ta iod exa` tfj saxlwmtj.`jinw. `jdmgin jvi`moitmaow. fjintfgixj ax wiejt} jyzmr`jot gawtw. iod io} atfjx gawtw.jvrjowjw ax djdzgtmaow ta hj gfixcjd tfj saxljx/

• I wtitj`jot djwgxmhmoc tfj rxatjgtmaow ieeaxdjd tfj saxljx h} Z/W nisw iod xjcznitmaow.mognzdmoc rxatjgtmaow mo tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Igt ae 8222 &Dmumwmao I ae tfjRzhnmg Nis 925465. iw sjnn iw xjnjuiot moeaxìtmao ihazt tfj rxagjdzxj eax emnmoc iga`rnimot iod tfj tjnjrfaoj oz`hjxw eax tfj Djrixt`jot ae Nihax fatnmoj iod tfj OitmaoinFzìo Txieemglmoc Xjwazxgj Gjotjx fatnmoj oz`hjx/

7/ Xjcmwtxitmao; I Djrixt`jot ae Nihax id`momwtjxjd rxagjww eax eaxjmco nihax gaotxigtaxw ta ahtimo igjxtmemgitj ae xjcmwtxitmao/ J`rna}jxw `zwt hj xjyzmxjd ta zwj aon} eaxjmco nihax gaotxigtaxw sfa ixj rxarjxn} xjcmwtjxjd zodjx tfmw w}wtj`/

4/ Joeaxgj`jot; I Djrixt`jot ae Nihax jwtihnmwfjd id`momwtxitmuj rxagjww eax xjgjmumoc. moujwtmcitmoc.iod idkzdmgitmoc ga`rnimotw icimowt tfj ga`rnmiogj ae jmtfjx j`rna}jxw ax eaxjmco nihax gaotxigtaxw/Gxm`moin iod gmumn xmcftw ae igtmao eax saxljxw tfj`wjnujw ixj inwa lj} ta rxjujotmoc txieemglmoc/

:/ Iggazotihmnmt}; Saxljxw `zwt hj rxatjgtjd exa` xjtinmitmao iod j`rna}jxw `zwt hj fjnd iggazotihnjeax tfj igtmaow ae eaxjmco nihax gaotxigtaxw tfit tfj} fmxj/

Tfj xjiztfaxm{itmao ae tfj TURXI mw gzxxjotn} wtinnjd mo hatf Fazwjw ae Gaocxjww/ Eax tfj emxwt tm`j wmogjmtw axmcmoin riwwicj. tfj TURXI mw hjmoc fjnd zr eax rixtmwio xjiwaow/ @axjaujx. sfmnj tfj Fazwj ujxwmaoae tfj TURXI mo 8299. axmcmoinn} mognzdjd tfj ihauj `jotmaojd rxaumwmaow ta xjcznitj nihax xjgxzmtjxw. mtsiw wtxmrrjd mo Ga``mttjj/ Iod sfmnj tfj Wjoitj ujxwmao ae tfj TURXI ginnw eax io m`raxtiot Z/W/Caujxo`jot Iggazotihmnmt} Aeemgj &CIA wtzd} ao tfj xanj ae nihax xjgxzmtjxw mo rxaàtmoc txieemglmoc ae `mcxiot saxljxw. mt dajw oat mognzdj tfj atfjx m`raxtiot `jiwzxjw djwgxmhjd ihauj/

ITJWT. tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx. iod atfjx m``mcxiot iod saxljx xmcftw cxazrw inwa wzrraxt tfj riwwicj ae iwtiod inaoj hmnn ao tfj xjcznitmao ae eaxjmco nihax xjgxzmtjxw/ H} riwwmoc wzgf i hmnn. tfj Z/W/ gio rxa atj`zgf ojjdjd gfiocj ixazod tfj saxnd/ Me tfj Z/W/ mw ta gaotmozj iw i njidjx mo tfj emcft ta jod fzìo

txieemglmoc. sj ojjd ta wtixt smtf azx aso caujxo`jot ranmgmjw/

ITJWT iod tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx ga``jod tfj Z/W/ Djrt/ ae Nihax eax mwwzmoc ojs xznjw ta xjcznitj nihax xjgxzmtjxw mo tfj F-8H umwi rxacxi`/ Sfmnj m`rnj`jotitmao ae tfjwj xznjw mw hjmoc fjnd zr mo tfjirrxarxmitmaow rxagjww. iod mo nmtmcitmao. tfj xznjw ixj i wtjr mo tfj xmcft dmxjgtmao mo rxjujotmoc tfjtxieemglmoc ae `mcxiot saxljxw tfxazcf oaom``mcxiot umwi rxacxi`w/

Tfj m`rawmtmao ae xjgxzmt`jot ejjw ao saxljxw mw jvrnmgmtn} rxafmhmtjd h} motjxoitmaoin nis &mognzdmoc MNAGaoujotmao 969 iod tfj nisw ae ìo} gazotxmjw ixazod tfj saxnd< iod }jt. xjgxzmtjx iod j`rna}jxwgaotmozj ta m`rawj wzgf ejjw smtf m`rzomt}/ Mo Wjrtj`hjx ae tfmw }jix. Rxjwmdjot Ahiì inwa taal io



49

m`raxtiot wtjr ta ga`hit tfj ihzwjw ga``mttjd h} xjgxzmtjxw iod wzhgaotxigtaxw h} wmcomoc tfj JvjgztmujAxdjx &JA 97583 jotmtnjd Wtxjoctfjomoc Rxatjgtmaow Icimowt Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow mo Ejdjxin Gaotxigtw/Tfj JA „jvrxjwwn} rxafmhmtw ejdjxin gaotxigtaxw. wzhgaotxigtaxw. iod tfjmx j`rna}jjw exa` jocicmoc mogjxtimo txieemglmoc-xjnitjd rxigtmgjw‥. mognzdmoc gfixcmoc j`rna}jjw xjgxzmt`jot ejjw/‐5 Tfmw mw iom`raxtiot igloasnjdc`jot ae tfj xanj ae djht haodicj mo jowniumoc saxljxw ixazod tfj saxnd/

Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx inwa ga``jodw Wjoitaxw Hnz`jotfin iod Raxtìo eax tfj motxadzgtmao ae tfj Jodmoc

Txieemglmoc mo Caujxo`jot Gaotxigtmoc Igt/ Tfmw hmnn mw m`raxtiot iod cajw ezxtfjx tfio tfj JA mo ìo}lj} si}w/ Mt fasjujx inwa fiw aoj ìkax enis/ Sfmnj tfj hmnn rxafmhmtw gaotxigtaxw exa` „gfixcmocxjgxzmtjd j`rna}jjw jvaxhmtiot rnigj`jot ejjw.‐ mt wtmnn innasw eax tfjwj ejjw/3 Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx fiwwjjo mo mtw saxl mo tfj rnigjw wzgf iw Modaojwmi. Ojrin. Czitjìni iod Ljo}i tfit gfixcmoc io} ejjw tasaxljxw ìljw tfj` uznojxihnj ta fzìo txieemglmoc/ Sj zxcj Gaocxjww ta wtxmgtn} rxafmhmt ejjw mo tfjemoin hmnn/

Sfmnj `zgf ae tfj ihauj dmwgzwwjd tfj xanj ae eaxjmco nihax xjgxzmtjxw mo tfj Z/W/. tfj jvigt wi`j wgjoixma rni}w azt mo axmcmo iod djwtmoitmao gazotxmjw eax `mcxiot saxljxw ixazod tfj saxnd/ Modaojwmi mw i rjxejgtjvi`rnj/ @mnnmaow ae Modaojwmio saxljxw `mcxitj motjxoinn} iod ihxaid ta gazotxmjw wzgf iw @ini}wmi.Wmociraxj iod tfj CGG gazotxmjw/ Nihax xjgxzmtjxw rni} i ìkax xanj mo eigmnmtitmoc tfmw `mcxitmao/ IwDjsm Fixm}iotm. i 82 }jix and Modaojwmio `mcxiot da`jwtmg saxljx ta Wmociraxj djwgxmhjd ta FzìoXmcftw Sitgf. nihax xjgxzmtjxw ixj ga`rnmgmt mo djht haodicj;

M rimd :22.222 xzrmif \&irrxavmìtjn} Z/W/$:8P iod tfjo tfj} wjot `j ta tfj wfjntjx \icjog}P/ Tfj \icjotP tand `j mt saznd hj i wjujo-àotf djdzgtmao. hzt sfjo M ixxmujd. Meazod azt mt siw tjo àotfw/ Wa M fid oa atfjx gfamgj hzt ta gixx} ao/ Me sj xjtzxo \taModaojwmi jixn}P sj fiuj ta ri} tjo àotfw winix}/ Tfjicjot mo @inioc tand `j tfmw/ Me sj dmdo”t ri}. tfj} saznd ihzwj zw iod wjod zw ta Hiti`\io ixji oataxmazw eax wjv txieemglmocP/ I nat ae exmjodw \atfjx da`jwtmg saxljxwP sfa ixjzowzggjwwezn smtf tfjmx j`rna}jxw. tfj} ca ta Hiti` iod eigj ihzwj exa` tfj icjot/ Wa`jcmxnw cat fmt. tfj} gaznd oat ca azt/

Iw `} gannjiczj Ki`mj Diumw ezxtfjx djwgxmhjw mo tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx rzhnmgitmao Sfjo Tfj} Sjxj Wand ;

\EPax ojixn} inn Modaojwmiow sfa `mcxitj eax saxl. tfj gawtw iwwagmitjd smtf `mcxitmao

xjrxjwjot i wmcomemgiot moujwt`jot iod jgaoa`mg xmwl/ @io} smnn hj rzt zodjx motjowj rxjwwzxj ta ìlj joazcf àoj} ta ri} higl djhtw tfit iggz`znitj dzxmoc tfj `mcxitmao rxagjww iod. rjxfirw. djhtw tfit jvmwtjd hjeaxj tfj} njet fa`j ta saxl/

@awt ei`mnmjw da oat fiuj tfj jgaoa`mg `jiow ta ri} zr exaot eax inn ae tfj gawtwiwwagmitjd smtf `mcxitmao/ It wa`j ramot. tfj saxljx mw nmljn} ta jotjx mota i djht mosfmgf mt mw zodjxwtaad tfit eztzxj jixomocw smnn hj djdzgtjd ta ri} higl tfj „naio‐/Tfxazcfazt tfj `mcxitmao rxagjww tfj rxjwwzxj ta ìlj àoj} exa` tfj zrga`moc saxl smnn motjowme} iw gawtw `zntmrn}/ Eax wa`j. jvtjowmao ae „gxjdmt‐ smnn hjcmo m``jdmitjn} iwtfj} giooat ri} tfj xjgxzmtjx ax hxaljx mo tfj umnnicj eax gawtw iwwagmitjd smtf tfj emxwtwticjw ae `mcxitmao/ Eax atfjxw. tfj djht ta `mddnj`jo mouanujd mo tfj `mcxitmao rxagjwwì} hjcmo aogj ixxmumoc mo i rnigj ae txiowmt ax zrao ixxmumoc it tfj rnigj ae saxl/ Tfjei`mnmjw ae tfjwj saxljxw ì} fiuj wand ax risojd i gas. i xmgj emjnd. ax sfit nmttnj cand

tfj} fiuj ta m``jdmitjn} ri} tfj umnnicj hxaljx eax momtmin gawtw zrao xjgxzmt`jot/ Wa`jì} ri} zr exaot h} tilmoc azt i naio exa` i umnnicj àoj}njodjx it jvaxhmtiot motjxjwtxitjw. xmwlmoc tfjmx fa`jw ax xmgj emjndw zwjd iw gannitjxin/ Jujo atfjxw ì} igtzinn}xjgjmuj i giwf iduiogj exa` tfj umnnicj hxaljx mo iddmtmao ta tfj gxjdmt ta gaujx momtmin`mcxitmao gawtw/ H} tfj tm`j tfj `mcxiot xjigfjw tfj djwtmoitmao ae saxl. sfjtfjx tfmw mwmo ioatfjx rixt ae Modaojwmi ax ihxaid. wfj!fj smnn nmljn} zodjxwtiod tfit inn ax rixt ae tfj

5 fttr;!!sss/sfmtjfazwj/cau!tfj-rxjww-aeemgj!8298!2=!8:!eigt-wfjjt-jvjgztmuj-axdjx-wtxjoctfjomoc- rxatjgtmaow-icimowt-txieemglmoc 3 fttr;!!tfaìw/nag/cau!gcm-hmo!yzjx}!{1g998;W/8874;



48

jixomocw ìdj mo tfj emxwt wjujxin àotfw ae saxl smnn hj zwjd ta ri} tfjwj `mddnj`jo/ Mtmw sjnn-dagz`jotjd tfit ìo} ae tfj gfixcjw iod ejjw riwwjd ao ta saxljxw h}`mddnj`jo &wzgf iw hxaljxw. nihax jvraxt icjogmjw iod eaxjmco rnigj`jot icjogmjw ixjmoenitjd iod mnnjcin/

Oaojtfjnjww. tfj saxljx iod ei`mn} `zwt simt zotmn tfjwj djhtw ixj rimd aee hjeaxj tfj}gio wjj io} moga`j ‗ wa`j ae sfmgf ì} hj djwrjxitjn} ojjdjd ta ri} higl djhtw tanjodjxw mo tfj umnnicj/6

Sfmnj tfjxj mw i gnjix gaoojgtmao hjtsjjo tj`raxix} m``mcxitmao rxacxi`w. eaxjmco nihax xjgxzmtjxw. iodtfj txieemglmoc ae m``mcxiot saxljxw. mt mw dmeemgznt mo tfj Z/W/ iod ihxaid ta cjt nisìljxw ta tilj igtmaotfxazcf njcmwnitmao ta xjcznitj tfj xjgxzmtjxw. jnm`moitj tfj ejjw tfit xjwznt mo djht haodicj. iod xjeax` tfjtj`raxix} m``mcxitmao rxacxi`w tfit gxjitj tfj uznojxihmnmt}/ Nisìljxw mo tfj Z/W/ iod ihxaid gaotmozjta nmol xjcznitmao ae xjgxzmtjxw aon} smtf ga`rxjfjowmuj m``mcxitmao xjeax`. iod iw wzgf. nmttnj fiw hjjoigga`rnmwfjd ta rxatjgt uznojxihnj saxljxw exa` tfmw zodjxn}moc gizwj ae fzìo txieemglmoc/ Ta aujxga`jtfmw. sj zxcj tfj Gaocxjww ta joigt wtiodinaoj njcmwnitmao ta xjcznitj nihax xjgxzmtjxw. ax mognzdj tfjm`raxtiot rxaumwmaow mo tfj TURXI/

Saxljx Xmcftw iw i @jiow ta Rxjujot Txieemglmoc eax Nihax Jvrnamtitmao

Iw djwgxmhjd jixnmjx. m``mcxiot saxljxw `zwt hj mognzdjd eznn} mo tfj rxatjgtmao ae nihax nisw iod fiujiggjww ta `jgfiomw`w ta jvjxgmwj tfjmx xmcftw iod xjraxt ihzwjw ta xjdzgj tfjmx uznojxihmnmt} ta txieemglmoc/Tfxjitw ae xjtinmitmao. djraxtitmao. iod umwiw hjmoc tmjd ta i rixtmgznix j`rna}jx inn mogxjiwj tfj mogmdjogj ae txieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao/ Eax tfmw xjiwao. ITJWT iod tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx inwa xjga``jod i rxaumwmao eax tfj TURXI tfit rxaumdjw tj`raxix} m``mcxitmao xjnmje ta saxljxw sfa ixj sfmwtnjhnasjxw ae wjujxj nihax jvrnamtitmao/ Tfjxj fiuj hjjo i oz`hjx ae fzìo txieemglmoc giwjw xjgjotn} mo tfj ZomtjdWtitjw sfjxj saxljxw sfa ximwjd tfj inix` ihazt wjujxj ihzwj h} j`rna}jxw fiuj momtminn} hjjo tfxjitjojdsmtf djraxtitmao iw i si} ta ljjr tfj` yzmjt/ Tfjwj saxljxw fiuj fid ta xjìmo mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw mo iozodagz`jotjd wtitzw mo axdjx ta rzxwzj tfjmx giwjw icimowt tfj ihzwmuj j`rna}jxw/ Ietjx ìo} }jixw. tfjwjwi`j saxljxw sjxj gjxtmemjd iw txieemglmoc umgtm`w iod xjgjmujd „T‐ umwiw. hzt fid ta wtxzccnj eax ìo}}jixw smtfazt wtitzw. zoihnj ta saxl/ Jvi`rnjw ae tfmw mognzdj tfj Cnahin Faxm{aow giwj iod i cxazr ae Modmio saxljxw loaso mo tfj `jdmi iw tfj Wmcoin Saxljxw/ ITJWT xjga``jodw tfit i rxaumwmao hjmognzdjd mo tfj TURXI ta cmuj txieemgljd saxljxw nmlj tfjwj iggjww ta tj`raxix} m``mcxitmao xjnmje mo tfj

Zomtjd Wtitjw sfmnj tfj} rzxwzj gnim`w fjxj. jujo me tfj} ixj oat momtminn} mdjotmemjd iw txieemglmoc umgtm`w/

Txieemglmoc mo Wzrrn} Gfimow

Ioatfjx ìkax txjod mo tfj cnahin jgaoa`} mw tfj zwj ae txieemglmoc. eaxgjd nihax. iod wniujx} umgtm`w inninaoc wzrrn} gfimow/ Mt mw dmeemgznt ta yziotme} tfj jvigt oz`hjx ae txieemglmoc umgtm`w sfa saxl mo cnahinwzrrn} gfimow hzt. iw tfawj wzrrn} gfimow xjigf daso ta wìnnjx iod wìnnjx wzrrnmjxw. tfj gfiogjw mogxjiwjtfit tfj nihax eaxgj mognzdjw txieemgljd rjarnj/

• Sfjo j`rna}jxw &hz}jxw iod `zntmoitmaoin gaxraxitmaow &@OGw djìod gfjir ax zoxjinmwtmg rxmgmoc wtxzgtzxjw. tfj} wfaznd oat hj wzxrxmwjd ta emod wjujxj nihax ihzwjw. mognzdmoc wniujx}. motfjmx wzrrn} gfimow/

• Wm`mnixn}. sfjo j`rna}jxw gaotxigt azt ax fmxj zoxjcznitjd wzhgaotxigtjd wzrrnmjxw. tfj} wfazndoat hj wzxrxmwjd ta emod tfit tfj} fiuj txieemglmoc umgtm`w mo tfjmx rxadzgtmao nmojw

• Sfjo j`rna}jxw xjezwj ta joeaxgj ax gnim` tfit mt mw taa dmeemgznt ta àomtax idfjxjogj ta gaxjnihax wtiodixdw mo tfjmx wzrrn} gfimow. tfj} smnn emod eaxgjd nihax. djht haodicj. iod atfjx wjujxjeax`w ae nihax jvrnamtitmao tfjxj/

6 fttr;!!sss/wanmdixmt}gjotjx/axc!emnjw!sfjoQtfj}QsjxjQwandQgfirtjx4/rde . ricj 79=/



47

Tfj rxmgmoc wtxzgtzxj iw i gizwj ae fzìo txieemglmoc giooat hj aujxj`rfiwm{jd. iw tfmw mw io zodjxn}moceigtax tfit j`rna}jxw. hzwmojww. gaxraxitmaow iod gaowz`jxw gio inn iddxjww/ @} Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx gannjiczj Kafo Fawmowlm djwgxmhjw tfmw rfjoa`joao mo azx rzhnmgitmao Tfj Txzj Gawt ae Wfxm`r;

Iw i ga`àdmt}. tfj rxmgj ae wfxm`r enzgtzitjw iggaxdmoc ta wzrrn} iod djìod. iod rxmgj rxjwwzxj mw wmcomemgiot inn inaoc tfj wzrrn} gfimo/ Xjtimnjxw. wjowmtmuj ta tfj xmwl mouanujd smtf m`raxtmoc exjwf eaad. rxjww m`raxt ga`riomjw eax eiwtjx dmwtxmhztmao.iggjrtihnj yzinmt}. iod tfj nasjwt rxmgjw/ M`raxtjxw. isixj tfit ìxljt enzgtzitmaow gioieejgt rxmgjw. njujxicj tfjmx hznl rzxgfiwmoc rasjx ta djìod wrjjd} djnmujx} exa` rxadzgjxw/ Txirrjd hjtsjjo rxadzgjxw iod m`raxtjxw ixj nihax-motjowmuj wfxm`reigtaxmjw/ Aetjo. tfj eigtaxmjw” xjwraowj ta rxmgj rxjwwzxj mw ta wyzjj{j sicjw. ojcnjgtsaxlrnigj fjintf iod wiejt} xjcznitmaow. iod gzt atfjx gaxojxw tfit njiuj wfxm`r saxljxw hjixmoc tfj wagmin gawt ae ieeaxdihnj wfxm`r/=

Sfmnj azx xjraxt siw rzhnmwfjd mo 8223. `jdmi iod OCA xjraxtw gaotmozj ihazt eaxgjd nihax. djht haodicjiod atfjx eax`w ae adjxo wniujx} mo tfj Tfim wfxm`r modzwtx}/ Iod }jt. Tfim wfxm`r gaotmozjw ta hj eazodmo ìkax Z/W/ xjtimn ìxljtw/

Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx hjnmjujw tfit tfj àwt jeejgtmuj si} ta jnm`moitj eaxgjd nihax. djht haodicj iodatfjx eax`w ae wniujx} mo wzrrn} gfimow mw h} j`rasjxmoc saxljxw ta fiuj i uamgj mo tfjmx saxlrnigj. iod

wzrraxtmoc tfjmx xmcft ta axciom{j iod kamo zomaow/ Sj hjnmjuj tfit caujxo`jotw. @OGw. j`rna}jxw. nihax xjgxzmtjxw iod atfjxw `zwt idfjxj ta gaxj nihax wtiodixdw iod xjwrjgt saxljxw” fzìo iod nihax xmcftw moaxdjx ta ieejgt gfiocj mo rxigtmgjw inn inaoc wzrrn} gfimow/

Tfj jvmwtjogj ae @OG gadjw ae gaodzgt fiuj eimnjd ta gzxtimn txieemglmoc rxigtmgjw mo io} oz`hjx ae wjgtaxwmognzdmoc cix`jot!tjvtmnj. jnjgtxaomgw. icxmgzntzxj. iod wjieaad rxagjwwmoc/ Tfmxd rixt} ax „modjrjodjot‐izdmtmoc ao mtw aso fiw inwa hjjo wfaso ta hj i eimnzxj/92 Tfjxj mw oa jiw} wanztmao ta tfmw rxahnj`. hzt sjloas tfit i lj} djtjxxjot mw tfj ihmnmt} ae zomaow iod nihax xmcftw axciom{itmaow ta wfmoj i nmcft ao tfjwj rxigtmgjw tfxazcf ao-tfj-cxazod moujwtmcitmaow/ Sj hjnmjuj mt mw m`raxtiot tfit tfj Gaocxjww iodId`momwtxitmao wzrraxt wzgf àomtaxmoc jeeaxtw. iod tfj jeeaxtw ae saxljxw ta àomtax tfjmx asosaxlrnigjw/ Zntmìtjn}. saxljxw iod txidj zomaow `zwt hj j`rasjxjd ta àomtax wzrrn} gfimow hjgizwjfmwtax} wfasw tfit ihzwjw mo tfj saxlrnigj aon} jod sfjo saxljxw fiuj tfj rasjx ta jowzxj tfit tfjmx xmcftw mo hatf MNA gaoujotmaow iod oitmaoin nisw ixj xjwrjgtjd/

Tfjxj fiuj hjjo wa`j rxa`mwmoc jvi`rnjw ae saxljx icjog} iod xjrxjwjotitmao iw i wzggjwwezn àdjn ae wzrrn} gfimo àomtaxmoc/ Tfj Emxjwtaoj Icxmgzntzxin Saxljxw Zomao ae Nmhjxmi &EISZN iod tfjGainmtmao ae M`àlinjj Saxljxw &GMS mo tfj Z/W/ ixj kzwt tsa ae tfjwj/ EISZN saxljxw sjot ao wtxmljta djìod i xjin djàgxitmg zomao mo tfjmx saxlrnigj ‗ aoj ae tfj nixcjwt xzhhjx rniotitmaow mo tfj saxnd/Iod tfxazcf gannjgtmuj hixcimomoc. EISZN mw oas ìlmoc cxjit wtxmdjw mo jnm`moitmoc eaxgjd iod gfmndnihax it tfj rniotitmao/ Ietjx }jixw ae wtxzccnj iod i ìkax gi`rimco tixcjtmoc xjtimn hz}jxw ae taìtajw.GMS oas fiw io joeaxgjihnj gadj tfit mw àomtaxjd tfxazcf iàoc atfjx taanw. i saxljx cxmjuiogj`jgfiomw`. fjnrmoc ta jod wniujx} mo tfj taìta modzwtx} mo Enaxmdi/

Iod }jt. zojoeaxgjihnj ga`rio} gadjw ae gaodzgt iod wagmin izdmtmoc emx`w gaotmozj ta hj tfj wanztmao rzwfjd h} `zntmoitmaoin gaxraxitmaow iod caujxo`jotw/ Sfmnj mt ì} oat hj rarznix ta tinl ihazt exjjdaàe iwwagmitmao iw i si} ta jod txieemglmoc mo wzrrn} gfimow. mt mw aoj ae tfj aon} wanztmaow tfit ì} saxl/

Caujxo`jotw `zwt inwa rni} i ìkax xanj mo jnm`moitmoc wniujx} mo wzrrn} gfimow/ Jvi`rnjw ihazod ae caujxo`jotw ixazod tfj saxnd xjnzgtiogj ta fand j`rna}jxw iggazotihnj eax txieemglmoc mo tfjmx saxlrnigjw/

= fttr;!!sss/wanmdixmt}gjotjx/axc!emnjw!rzhwQTxzjQGawtQaeQWfxm`r/rde . ricj 99/92 Wjj eax jvi`rnj. „Mowrjgtaxw Gjxtmemjd Rilmwtiom Eigtax} iw Wiej Hjeaxj Dmwiwtjx.‐fttr;!!sss/o}tm`jw/ga`!8298!2=!82!saxnd!iwmi!rilmwtio-eigtax}-riwwjd-mowrjgtmao-hjeaxj-emxj/ft`n1ricjsiotjd0inn%Qx02< Wjj inwa. „Eavgaoo wimd ta zwj eaxgjd wtzdjot nihax ta ìlj mRfaojw.‐fttr;!!sss/o}tm`jw/ga`!8298!2=!99!tjgfoanac}!eavgaoo-wimd-ta-zwj-eaxgjd-wtzdjot-nihax-ta-ìlj-mrfaojw/ft`n1ricjsiotjd0inn



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Jujo sfjo txieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao mw iddxjwwjd. tfj nihax xjgxzmtjx mw hni`jd iod oat tfjj`rna}jx sfa rjxrjtxitjw tfj jvrnamtitmao/ Tfmw nigl ae ranmtmgin smnn txiownitjw mota xmdmgznazwn} ejs giwjwae fzìo txieemglmoc eax eaxgjd nihax ax atfjx eax`w ae wjujxj nihax jvrnamtitmao exa` hjmoc rxawjgztjdixazod tfj saxnd/ Sfjo giwjw ixj rxawjgztjd. tfj} aetjo xjwznt mo wìnn emojw iod oa kimn tm`j eax tfj rjxrjtxitaxw — hixjn} i djtjxxjot eax jvrnamtitmuj j`rna}jxw/

Tfj Z/W/ caujxo`jot. fasjujx. `zwt da àxj ta jowzxj tfit Z/W/ gaxraxitmaow ixj fjnd iggazotihnj eax tfjmx rxigtmgjw ihxaid/ Sj `zwt mogxjiwj caujxo`jot wgxztmo} ae m`raxtw iod jvraxtw ta jowzxj caadw ìdj h} wniuj nihax ixj oat innasjd mo tfj Z/W/ ìxljtrnigj/ Ta tfmw jod. tfj Wtitj Djrixt`jot ojjdw ta rztàxj j`rfiwmw ao wmtj umwmtw aujxwjiw ta wzwrjgt modzwtxmjw/ Ta da tfmw. mt `zwt jvriod tfj oz`hjx ae nihax aeemgjxw iod ittigfíw mo tfj emjnd. wa`jtfmoc tfit tfj Gaocxjww fiw ginnjd eax cjojxinn} hzt sfmgf tfjDjrixt`jot fiw }jt ta igt zrao/

Mo iddmtmao. tfj Djrixt`jot ae Fa`jniod Wjgzxmt} `zwt xjumjs iod xjsaxl tfj xanj ae M``mcxitmao iodGzwta`w Joeaxgj`jot &MGJ mo aujxwjiw mowrjgtmaow/ Gzxxjotn}. MGJ `zwt oatme} eaxjmco caujxo`jotw ae tfjmx motjot ta mowrjgt saxlrnigjw tfit jvraxt rxadzgtw ta tfj Z/W/ Wzgf oatmemgitmao xjwzntw mo tfj„gnjiowmoc‐ ae tfjwj saxlrnigjw ta xjàuj io} wmcow ae txieemglmoc ax eaxgjd nihax/ Z/W/ nis dajw oat innasjumdjogj gannjgtjd h} zomaow ax oao-caujxo`jotin wazxgjw ta hj tfj hiwmw eax xjwtxmgtmoc tfj m`raxtitmao ae rxadzgtw ìdj h} txieemgljd ax eaxgjd nihax/ Tfmw `zwt hj xjeax`jd/

Tfj Xanj ae Axciom{jd Nihax mo Ga`hitmoc Txieemglmoc

Axciom{jd nihax fiw i naoc fmwtax} ae emcftmoc ao i cnahin wginj i xiocj ae saxljx xmcftw ihzwjw. mognzdmoceaxgjd nihax. djht haodicj. iod mouanzotix} wjxumtzdj. sfmgf ixj tfj jod xjwznt ae txieemglmoc mo rjxwaow/ Iwtxieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao mw gnjixn} i saxljx xmcftw mwwzj. txidj zomaow iod nihax wzrraxtaxciom{itmaow fiuj io m`raxtiot xanj ta rni} mo ga`hitmoc mt/ Ta tfit jod. tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx gaodzgtw rxacxi`w ixazod tfj saxnd smtf wzgf rixtojx axciom{itmaow ta emod rxigtmgin. wzwtimoihnj wanztmaow/Jvi`rnjw ae azx saxl mognzdj;

• Mo Modaojwmi. sj tximojd caujxo`jot nihax mowrjgtaxw ao tfj diocjx wmcow ae fzìo txieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao. iod eagzwjd ao tfj m`raxtiogj ae mowrjgtmoc iod àomtaxmoc `mcxiot saxljx fandmoc gjotjxw/

• Mo Ljo}i. sj hzmnt tfj girigmt} ae tfj Ljo}io Zomao ae Da`jwtmg. Fatjn. Jdzgitmaoin Mowtmtztmao.Fawrmtin iod Innmjd Saxljxw &LZDFJMFI mo tfj fmcf- tazxmwt gaiwtin ixjiw ta tximo tfjmx `j`hjxw motfj tazxmwt wjgtax ta xjgacom{j txieemglmoc eax wjvzin jvrnamtitmao mo tfjmx fatjnw. iod jwtihnmwf i xjejxxinojtsaxl ta xjwgzj umgtm`w/

• Mo Modaojwmi. Faoc Laoc. Ljo}i. iod tfj Da`momgio Xjrzhnmg. tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx mw fjnrmoc taj`rasjx da`jwtmg saxljxw ta emcft eax tfjmx xmcftw iod xjdzgj tfjmx uznojxihmnmt} ta eaxgjd nihax iodfzìo txieemglmoc/ Tfmw mognzdjw axciom{moc da`jwtmg saxljxw iod iduagig} ta mognzdj tfj` smtfmoda`jwtmg nihax nisw/ Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx inwa saxljd smtf da`jwtmg saxljx rixtojxw ixazod tfjsaxnd ta ojcatmitj iod riww tfj ojs MNA Gaoujotmao ao Djgjot Saxl eax Da`jwtmg Saxljxw&Gaoujotmao 96=/ Gaoujotmao 96= mw wjjo iw i rxjujotmao taan icimowt tfj txieemglmoc ae da`jwtmgsaxljxw/

• Mo tfj Da`momgio Xjrzhnmg. tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx hzmnt tfj girigmt} ae i Da`momgio gaowtxzgtmao wjgtax zomao ta aujxga`j vjoarfahmi iod xigmw` mo tfj wjgtax h} axciom{moc iod emcftmoc eax tfj xmcftw ae Fimtmio m``mcxiot gaowtxzgtmao saxljxw/

• Mo @andaui. tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx mw saxlmoc smtf i cnahin zomao ejdjxitmao mo tfj icxmgzntzxj wjgtax ta rxaumdj njcin imd iod atfjx wzrraxt ta uznojxihnj @andauio `mcxiot saxljxw sfa txiujn ta Wrimo. Mtin}iod atfjx rixtw ae Sjwtjxo Jzxarj ta saxl ao nagin eix`w/ Tfjwj `mcxiot saxljxw ixj uznojxihnj tadjht haodicj. mouanzotix} wjxumtzdj. iod eaxgjd nihax/



4:

• Azx Iwmi iod @mddnj Jiwt aeemgjw ixj saxlmoc tacjtfjx ao i gxaww xjcmaoin rxacxi` ‗ hxmocmoc tacjtfjx igtmumwtw mo gazotxmjw ae axmcmo iod gazotxmjw ae djwtmoitmao ta jowzxj tfit `mcxiot saxljxw ixj jdzgitjdxjcixdmoc tfjmx xmcftw. tfj rxjujotmao ae txieemglmoc. iod h} rxaumdmoc tfj` smtf rxatjgtmao wjxumgjwwzgf iw njcin imd/

Xjga``joditmaow eax Momtmitmujw ta Ga`hit Txieemglmoc eax Nihax Jvrnamtitmao iod Eaxgjd Nihax

Iw tfj Motjxoitmaoin Nihax Axciom{itmao &MNA fiw oatjd. „Sfjxj nihax wtiodixdw ixj xmcaxazwn} idfjxjd ta.saxljxw ixj sjnn zomaom{jd iod nihax nisw ixj àomtaxjd iod joeaxgjd ‗ eax inn saxljxw. modmcjoazw ax `mcxiot ‗ tfj djìod eax txieemgljd rjarnj iod wjxumgjw mw nmljn} ta hj nas/‐ Tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx gazndoat icxjj àxj/

Lj} momtmitmujw ta ga`hit txieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao tfjxjeaxj mognzdj;

9/ @io} wtiljfandjxw mo tfj iotm-fzìo txieemglmoc emjnd xjejx ta tfj eazx Rw; rxjujotmao. rxatjgtmao ae umgtm`w. rxawjgztmao ae txieemgljxw. iod rixtojxwfmr iw i lj} exi`jsaxl ta ga`hit tfj rxahnj`/ TfjWanmdixmt} Gjotjx hjnmjujw tfit tfj tfmxd „R‐. „rxawjgztmao‐ wfaznd igtzinn} hj hxaidjojd ta io „X‐ ‗ tfj „Xznj ae Nis/‐ Io irrxaigf ta txieemglmoc tfit joga`riwwjw tfj xznj ae nis hxaidjow tfj wgarj ae jeeaxtw/

Xznj ae nis gxjitjw io joihnmoc joumxao`jot tfit innasw eax momtmitmujw tfit mognzdj rxjujotmuj`jiwzxjw tfit ì} iddxjww tfj zodjxn}moc gizwjw ae eaxgjd nihax/ Tfjwj momtmitmujw ì} mognzdj;

i/ Xjeax`moc nihax iod atfjx nisw ta mognzdj iod rxatjgt m``mcxiot iod da`jwtmg saxljxw/ Innsaxljxw ‗ sfjtfjx oitmaoin ax eaxjmco. dagz`jotjd ax zodagz`jotjd ‗ `zwt fiuj jyzin rxatjgtmao zodjx tfj nis. iod xjgjmuj eznn rxatjgtmao ae tfj nisw/ Mo iddmtmao. caujxo`jotw iodj`rna}jxw `zwt xjgacom{j iod joeaxgj inn MNA gaxj nihax wtiodixdw. mognzdmoc tfj exjjda` ae iwwagmitmao iod xmcft ta axciom{j/

h/ Iw da`jwtmg saxljxw ixj rixtmgznixn} uznojxihnj ta fzìo txieemglmoc. tfj Z/W/ caujxo`jot`zwt gaotmozj ta wzrraxt. iod iduagitj ta atfjx caujxo`jotw ta wzrraxt iod xitme}. MNAGaoujotmao 96= ao Djgjot Saxl eax Da`jwtmg Saxljxw/

g/ Jyzin ittjotmao `zwt hj rimd oat aon} ta riwwmoc hjttjx nisw. hzt inwa m`rnj`jotmoc.àomtaxmoc. iod joeaxgmoc tfawj nisw/ Ta tfit jod. caujxo`jotw `zwt jofiogj tfj xanj ae nihax mowrjgtaxw/ Nihax mowrjgtaxw `zwt hj jocicjd mo iod hj io motjcxin rixt ae nisjoeaxgj`jot momtmitmujw ta ga`hit fzìo txieemglmoc/ Mo rixtmgznix. nihax mowrjgtaxw `zwt hjcmujo wrjgmin tximomoc ta xjgacom{j tfj wmcow ae fzìo txieemglmoc mo i saxlrnigj/Caujxo`jotw `zwt inwa jowzxj tfit tfjxj ixj wzeemgmjot oz`hjxw ae nihax mowrjgtaxw/

d/ Rxaumdmoc ga`rjowitmao ta umgtm`w. mognzdmoc ri}`jot ae smtffjnd ax higl sicjw/

j/ Rjoinm{moc ihzwmuj saxlrnigjw/ Wtxjoctfjomoc joeaxgj`jot iod rjointmjw icimowt j`rna}jxwsfa ixj eazod ta fiuj txieemgljd saxljxw ax ta ga`riomjw sfa fiuj hazcft rxadzgtw ìdj h}wniuj nihax/ J`rna}jxw `zwt hj fjnd iggazotihnj eax tfj ihzwjw ae tfjmx wzhgaotxigtaxw.mognzdmoc nihax xjgxzmtjxw. iod eax ihzwjw mo tfjmx wzrrn} gfimow/

8/ J`rfiwmw `zwt hj rnigjd ao wiejx `mcxitmao rxagjwwjw eax saxljxw/ Tfmw mognzdjw rxj- iod rawt-djrixtzxj tximomoc eax saxljxw ao tfjmx xmcftw mo tfj gazotxmjw ae djwtmoitmao/ Caujxo`jotw fiuj igxzgmin xanj ta rni} mo jdzgitmoc saxljxw ihazt tfjmx xmcftw/ Joeaxgj`jot ae nihax wtiodixdw djrjodw aosaxljxw hjmoc ihnj ta xjraxt umanitmaow< tfj} tfjxjeaxj fiuj ta hj ihnj ta xjgacom{j umanitmaow/ Moiddmtmao. m``mcxitmao ranmgmjw wfaznd j`rfiwm{j si}w ta ìlj saxljxw wiejx dzxmoc tfj `mcxitmao rxagjww. iod xjenjgt jgaoa`mg xjinmt}/

7/ Mogxjiwmoc wgxztmo} ae m`raxtw iod jvraxtw ta jowzxj caadw ìdj h} txieemgljd ax eaxgjd nihax ixj oatinnasjd mo tfj ìxljtrnigj/ Tfmw mognzdjw xjumjsmoc iod xj-saxlmoc tfj xanj ae MGJ mo aujxwjiw



45

mowrjgtmaow/ Gzxxjotn}. MGJ `zwt oatme} caujxo`jotw ae tfjmx motjot ta mowrjgt saxlrnigjw tfit jvraxt rxadzgtw ta tfj Z/W/ ‗ wzgf oatmemgitmao xjwzntw mo tfj „gnjiowmoc‐ ae tfjwj saxlrnigjw ta xjàuj io}wmcow ae txieemglmoc ax eaxgjd nihax/

Z/W/ nis dajw oat innas jumdjogj gannjgtjd h} zomaow ax oao-caujxo`jotin wazxgjw ta hj tfj hiwmw eax xjwtxmgtmoc tfj m`raxtitmao ae rxadzgtw ìdj h} txieemgljd ax wniuj nihax/ Tfmw `zwt hj xjeax`jd/

4/ Mogxjiwmoc rxjwwzxj ao ga`riomjw ta ìr tfjmx wzrrn} gfimow iod ìlj wzgf moeaxìtmao rzhnmg/Ga`riomjw ixczj tfit mt mw taa dmeemgznt ax jvrjowmuj ta ga`rnjtjn} ìr tfjmx wzrrn} gfimow/ Me OCAwgio da mt tfazcf. ga`riomjw gio taa/ Tfjxj ojjdw ta hj i gfiocj mo hzwmojww rxigtmgjw/

:/ Rxaàtmoc tfj exjjda` ae iwwagmitmao iod xmcft ta axciom{j. saxljx icjog} iod saxljx xjrxjwjotitmao.aujx gadjw ae gaodzgt iod tfmxd rixt} àomtaxmoc. iw io jeejgtmuj si} ta àomtax wzrrn} gfimow eax txieemglmoc iod eaxgjd nihax/

5/ Wtxmgt xjcznitmao ae nihax xjgxzmtjxw iod j`rna}`jot icjogmjw/ Wrjgmemginn}. tfj jnm`moitmao ae xjgxzmt`jot ejjw ta saxljxw. wfmetmoc gawtw higl ta tfj j`rna}jx/ Saxljxw wfaznd oat hj xjyzmxjd ta ri} io} ejjw iwwagmitjd smtf xjgxzmt`jot. tfj `mcxitmao rxagjww. ax rnigj`jot RJXMAD/ J`rna}jxw`zwt hj fjnd nmihnj eax tfj ihzwjw ae nihax xjgxzmtjxw tfit tfj} fmxj/ Mo iddmtmao. saxljxw `zwt fiuj isi} ta jowzxj tfit i xjgxzmtjx mw njcmtmìtj iod nmgjowjd/ Gaocxjww wfaznd mognzdj eaxjmco nihax

xjgxzmtjx xjcznitmao rxaumwmaow mo tfj TURXI ax riww i wtiodinaoj hmnn/

3/ Jvtjodmoc `jiomocezn sfmwtnjhnasjx rxatjgtmaow ta txieemgljd saxljxw. sfmgf innas saxljxw iod tfjmx xjrxjwjotitmujw ta wzj ta joeaxgj inn wtitj iod ejdjxin nihax iod j`rna}`jot nisw iw sjnn iw tfjgaodmtmaow mo saxljxw” gaotxigtw smtfazt fiumoc ta eigj djraxtitmao ax xjàuin/ Jowzxj gaoemdjotminmt}wa tfit umgtm`w gio iggjww rzhnmg wjxumgjw iw ìoditjd h} tfj TURI smtfazt ejix tfit tfjmx txieemgljxwax ioatfjx jotmt} ì} emod azt iod wjjl xjtxmhztmao/ Atfjx caujxo`jotw `zwt inwa gaowmdjx sfmwtnjhnasjx rxatjgtmaow eax txieemgljd saxljxw. iod ga`riomjw wfaznd jowzxj tfit tfjxj ixj wzgf rxatjgtmaow mo ga`rio} ranmg} inn inaoc tfj wzrrn} gfimo. iod iduagitj ta caujxo`jotw eax wzgf rxatjgtmaow eax saxljxw/

6/ Mogxjiwmoc rxjwwzxj iod àomtaxmoc ao oitmaow ta mognzdj txieemglmoc eax nihax jvrnamtitmao mota iotm-txieemglmoc nisw iod xjcznitmaow. iod mogxjiwmoc rxawjgztmaow ae nihax txieemgljxw. mognzdmoc j`rna}jxw.

iw rjxrjtxitaxw ae fzìo txieemglmoc

=/ Tfj Z/W/ caujxo`jot wfaznd rxaumdj wzrraxt ta gazotxmjw ae axmcmo. jwrjgminn} djujnarmoc gazotxmjw. taojcatmitj `zntmnitjxin icxjj`jotw smtf àxj rasjxezn djwtmoitmao gazotxmjw ta njujn tfj rni}moc emjndeax `mcxiot saxljxw/ Hjgizwj ae zojyzin hixcimomoc rasjx. iod tfj djwmxj ae djujnarmoc axmcmogazotxmjw eax xj`mttiogjw iod j`rna}`jot ihxaid eax tfjmx gmtm{jow. hmnitjxin icxjj`jotw ixj aetjosjil. iod rxaumdj ejs saxljx xmcftw rxatjgtmaow/ @zntmnitjxin icxjj`jotw ì} rxaumdj àxj iujozjweax nihax wtiodixdw/

92/ Riww tfj TURXI oas)

Tfiol }az. icimo. eax tfj arraxtzomt} ta tjwtme} iod eax }azx fjnr mo ga`hitmoc cnahin txieemglmoc iodwzrraxtmoc tfj xmcftw ae saxljxw jujx}sfjxj/ M sjnga`j }azx yzjwtmaow/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Iod niwt. hzt gjxtimon} oat njiwt. @x/ @ix} Jnnmwao. tfjdmxjgtax ae ranmg} it tfj Ranixmw Rxakjgt/

WTITJ@JOT AE @IX] G/ JNNMWAO

@w/ JNNMWAO; @x/ Ga-Gfimx @gCaujxo iod ta tfj wtiee ae tfj Ta` Niotaw



43

Fzìo Xmcftw Ga``mwwmao. tfiol }az eax fandmoc tfmw fjixmoc ao aoj ae tfj àwt rxjwwmoc fzìo xmcftw mwwzjw ae azx tm`j; fzìo txieemglmoc iod àdjxo-di} wniujx}/Tfiol }az eax tfj arraxtzomt} ta tjwtme} tadi} ihazt mtw m`rigt mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw/

M i` tfj dmxjgtax ae ranmg} eax Ranixmw Rxakjgt. i oaorxaemt axciom{itmao eazodjd mo

8228 iod czmdjd h} i wmocznix umwmao; i saxnd smtfazt wniujx}/ Sj iduagitj eax wtxaocjx Ejdjxin iod Wtitj nisw< arjxitj tfj Oitmaoin Fzìo Txieemglmoc Xjwazxgj Gjotjx fatnmoj.ax OFTXG< gaodzgt tximomocw< iod rxaumdj umtin wjxumgjw ta azx gnmjotw/

Motjxoitmaoin fzìo txieemglmoc iod eaxgjd nihax ieejgt jujx} gazotx} mo tfj saxnd.iod tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw mw oa jvgjrtmao/ Tfj Motjxoitmaoin Nihax Axciom{itmao jwtmìtjwtfit tfjxj ixj 82/= `mnnmao umgtm`w ae eaxgjd nihax it io} cmujo tm`j/

Sj inwa loas tfit txieemglmoc umgtm`w ixj xixjn} mdjotmemjd/ Iggaxdmoc ta tfj 8298Z/W/ Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow xjraxt. aon} 49.892 umgtm`w sjxj mdjotmemjd mo 8299 ixazodtfj saxnd. ax njww tfio 9 rjxgjot ae tfit 82/= `mnnmao/ Tfj OFTXG fiw mdjotmemjd àxj

tfio 7.222 giwjw xjejxjogmoc eaxjmco oitmaoinw mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw exa` wgaxjw ae gazotxmjw. iw sjnn iw ratjotmin txieemglmoc giwjw mo aujx =3 gazotxmjw ixazod tfj saxnd/

Mo 8299. 46 rjxgjot ae azx giwjw mouanujd wa`j eax` ae nihax jvrnamtitmao ax nihax txieemglmoc. iod :8 rjxgjot mouanujd wjv txieemglmoc/ Tfj emuj àwt ga`ào t}rjw ae nihax txieemglmoc sjxj da`jwtmg saxl. xjwtizxiot iod eaad wjxumgjw. wìnn hzwmojww.icxmgzntzxj. iod gaowtxzgtmao/

Ranixmw Rxakjgt iod azx rixtojx axciom{itmaow fjxj mo tfj Z/W/ iod ixazod tfjsaxnd fiuj hjjo ihnj ta mdjotme} iod iwwmwt txieemglmoc umgtm`w hjgizwj tfj Z/W/ fiwgxjitjd i exi`jsaxl ta rxjujot fzìo txieemglmoc. rxatjgt txieemglmoc umgtm`w. iod rxawjgztj fzìo txieemgljxw/ Mt mw ginnjd tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Igt. ax TURI/

Tfj TURI mw tfj rxj`mjx Ejdjxin nis. hzt mt mw àxj tfio i }jix aujxdzj eax xjiztfaxm{itmao/ Mo tfj àxj tfio 92 }jixw wmogj tfj riwwicj ae tfj TURI. sj fiuj ìdjcxjit wtxmdjw. hzt sj wtmnn fiuj `mnjw ta ca ta rxjujot tfj jvrnamtitmao iod jowniuj`jot ae uznojxihnj rarznitmaow/

Sj ixj rixtmgznixn} gaogjxojd ihazt tfawj sfa aetjo einn rxj} ta txieemgljxw iodnihax xjgxzmtjxw ihzwmoc tfj F-9H. F-8I. F-8H. I-7. C-:. L-9. D-9. iod F-7 umwi rxacxi`w/ Sj fiuj mdjotmemjd àxj tfio 9.422 giwjw ae nihax jvrnamtitmao ax txieemglmocmo icxmgzntzxj. eigtaxmjw. gaowtxzgtmao. gixomuinw. j`hiwwmjw. iod motjxoitmaoinaxciom{itmaow tfxazcf tfjwj umwi rxacxi`w/ M smnn ìlj xjga``joditmaow ta iddxjwwtfjwj ihzwjw it tfj jod ae `} tjwtmào}/

Mo iddmtmao ta damoc i hjttjx kah ta rxjujot fzìo txieemglmoc iod àdjxo-di}wniujx}. àxj gio wtmnn hj daoj ta jowzxj tfit sj hjttjx xjwraod ta tfawj sfawjjvrnamtitmao iod jowniuj`jot sj dmd oat rxjujot/ Tadi} it Ranixmw Rxakjgt sj ixj wjxumoc37 txieemglmoc wzxumuaxw. 52 ae sfa` ixj eaxjmco oitmaoinw/



46

Aoj ae tfj` mw Kjoomejx. i 72-}jix-and Czitjìnio saìo sfa gi`j ta tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw: }jixw ica/ Wfj hjcio saxlmoc iw i simtxjww it i xjwtizxiot sfjxj tfj asojx iod wtiee wjj`jd sjnga`moc/ Wfj farjd ta hj ihnj ta rxaumdj eax fjx tsa gfmndxjo iod imnmocàtfjx/ Hjgizwj Kjoomejx fid oasfjxj ta nmuj. tfj asojx innasjd fjx ta wnjjr mo i xaaìt tfj higl ae tfj xjwtizxiot/ Smtfmo 8 àotfw. fasjujx. tfj asojx fid emxjd tfj gaal

iod atfjx simtxjww/ Kjoomejx siw gajxgjd mota saxlmoc 94 fazxw jujx} di} eax 6 ta= àotfw zotmn aoj di} tfj ranmgj gaodzgtjd io zodjxgaujx arjxitmao/

Sfjtfjx ax oat i wmtzitmao nmlj tfmw smnn jod mo exjjda` iod dmcomt} eax txieemglmocwzxumuaxw djrjodw ao ìo} eigtaxw/ Emxwt. sj `zwt mdjotme} tfj == rjxgjot ae txieemglmocumgtm`w sfa xjìmo moumwmhnj iod mwanitjd/ Sj fiuj hjczo ta da tfmw tfxazcf wzggjwweznàdjnw nmlj tfj OFTXG iod tfj Wtitj Djrixt`jot#w (Loas ]azx Xmcftw( ri`rfnjt/

Wjgaod. sj ojjd ta rxaumdj wiej iod wjgzxj fazwmoc eax wzxumuaxw/ Tfmw riwt }jix.sj gaodzgtjd i wzxuj} iod eazod aon} 536 hjdw jvgnzwmujn} djwmcoitjd eax fzìotxieemglmoc wzxumuaxw fjxj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw/

Tfmxd. eaxjmco oitmaoin txieemglmoc umgtm`w ojjdw iggjww ta hjojemtw iod wjxumgjw/Sj gaznd m`rxauj tfj tm`j exi`j eax cxiotmoc gaotmozjd rxjwjogj. GR. iod jowzxjcxjitjx iggjww ta tfj T umwi. cmujo tfit aon} ::3 umgtm`w sjxj cxiotjd tfmw umwi mo emwgin}jix 8299 djwrmtj io ioozin gir ae :.222/Icimo. M smnn ìlj ezxtfjx xjga``joditmaow it tfj jod ae `} tjwtmào}. hzt emxwt njt `jtjnn }az fas Kjoomejx#w wtax} jodw. ax wfinn M wi} hjcmow/ Fjx giwj mnnzwtxitjw sfit firrjowsfjo tfj w}wtj` xjwraodw jeejgtmujn}/

Tfj ranmgj aeemgjx sfa gaodzgtjd tfj ximd xjgacom{jd tfj fzìo txieemglmocmodmgitaxw iod xjejxxjd fjx ta i nagin wfjntjx tfit gaotigtjd Ranixmw Rxakjgt eax j`jxcjog}wjxumgjw/ Kjoomejx siw ejd iod fazwjd mo azx txiowmtmaoin fazwmoc rxacxi`/ Wfj rixtmgmritjd mo gazxwjw ta njixo Jocnmwf iod ga`rztjx wlmnnw iod inwa xjgjmujd rxarjx `jdmgin ittjotmao/ Wfj siw cxiotjd gaotmozjd rxjwjogj. sfmgf innasjd fjx ta emod iwtihnj kah/ Wfj fiw wmogj eazod fjx aso fazwmoc iod wzrraxtw fjx àtfjx iod gfmndxjo mofjx fa`j gazotx}/ Smtf tfj fjnr ae i rxa haoa ittaxoj} wjgzxjd h} Ranixmw Rxakjgt.Kjoomejx#w T umwi irrnmgitmao siw wzh`mttjd. iod wfj oas isimtw fjx djgmwmao/

@x/ Ga-Gfimx. tfiol }az eax fandmoc tfmw fjixmoc it i tm`j sfjo azx wtxzccnj ta rxjujot iod xjwraod ta fzìo txieemglmoc iod àdjxo-di} wniujx} gaznd oat hj àxjgxmtmgin/ Sj ixj gjnjhxitmoc tfj 9:2tf ioomujxwix} ae tfj Jìogmritmao Rxagniìtmao/ IwI`hiwwidax GdjHigi exjyzjotn} oatjw. sj `zwt wtmnn eznemnn tfj rxa`mwj ae tfit rxagniìtmao iod ae tfj 97tf I`jod`jot/

Mo gaognzdmoc. sj zxcj }az ta tilj tfj eannasmoc wtjrw. iod tfjxj ixj wjujo;xjiztfaxm{j tfj TURI iod mogxjiwj irrxarxmitmaow< gaodzgt i ga`rxjfjowmuj xjumjs ae tfj umwi rxacxi`w dmwgzwwjd< iddxjww tfj nigl ae fazwmoc eax txieemglmoc umgtm`w<jogazxicj icjogmjw ta xjumwj xjcznitmaow xjnitjd ta gaotmozjd rxjwjogj iod T umwiw< rxatjgt tfj xmcftw ae da`jwtmg saxljxw< rxjujot gfmnd iod eaxgjd nihax mo m`raxtjd rxadzgtw< iod. emoinn}. riww iddmtmaoin njcmwnitmao ta iddxjww tfj xanj ae nihax xjgxzmtjxw.



4=

gaxraxitj wzrrn} gfimow. iod caujxo`jot rxagzxj`jot/

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àdjxo-di} wniujx}/Tfiol }az/

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Hjeaxj tfj Ta` Niotaw Fzìo Xmcftw Ga``mwwmao

Motjxoitmaoin Fzìo Txieemglmoc iod Eaxgjd Nihax


@x/ Ga-Gfimx`jo @gCaujxo iod Sane. iod atfjx dmwtmoczmwfjd `j`hjxw ae tfj Ga``mwwmao. tfiol }azeax fandmoc tfmw fjixmoc ao aoj ae tfj àwt rxjwwmoc fzìo xmcftw mwwzjw ae azx tm`j ‗ fzìo txieemglmociod àdjxo-di} wniujx}. iod tfiol }az eax tfj arraxtzomt} ta tjwtme} tadi}/

M i` tfj Dmxjgtax ae Ranmg} eax Ranixmw Rxakjgt. i oao-rxaemt axciom{itmao oi`jd ietjx tfj Oaxtf Wtix tfitczmdjd wniujw tasixdw exjjda` inaoc tfj Zodjxcxazod Ximnxaid/ Wmogj azx eazodmoc mo 8228. RanixmwRxakjgt fiw hjjo czmdjd h} i wmocznix umwmao; i saxnd smtfazt wniujx}/ Tadi}. Ranixmw Rxakjgt mw gfiocmocfas ga``zomtmjw emcft inn eax`w ae fzìo txieemglmoc/ Eazodjd smtf tfj hjnmje tfit jujx}di} rjarnj gioga`j tacjtfjx ta da jvtxiaxdmoix} tfmocw. Ranixmw Rxakjgt mw hzmndmoc i oitmaosmdj ojtsaxl ta ga`hit

txieemglmoc iod wjxujw tfj eznn xiocj ae mtw umgtm`w; eaxjmco oitmaoinw iod Z/W/ gmtm{jow. `jo iod sa`jo.gfmndxjo iod idzntw/ Azx jvrjxt loasnjdcj ae txieemglmoc ojtsaxlw ixazod tfj saxnd mw wazcft h} tar nisjoeaxgj`jot aeemgjxw. jnjgtjd aeemgminw. hzwmojww njidjxw. iod wjxumgj rxaumdjxw/ H} wzggjwweznn} rzwfmoc eax wtxaocjx ejdjxin iod wtitj nisw. arjxitmoc tfj Oitmaoin Fzìo Txieemglmoc Xjwazxgj Gjotjx fatnmoj&OFTXG. gaodzgtmoc tximomocw. iod rxaumdmoc umtin wjxumgjw ta azx gnmjotw. Ranixmw Rxakjgt mw gxjitmoc naoc-tjx` wanztmaow tfit smnn jxidmgitj àdjxo-di} wniujx}/

Jujx} di}. `} ga`riwwmaoitj gannjiczjw it Ranixmw Rxakjgt iod azx rixtojx axciom{itmaow gaèaxt txieemgljd rjxwaow sfawj nmujw. `modw. fjixtw. iod hadmjw sjxj taxo arjo h} txieemgljxw jicjx ta rxaemt exa` tfjmx jvrnamtitmao/ M fiuj fid tfj faoax iod rxmumnjcj ae `jjtmoc ìo} ae tfjwj gazxicjazw wzxumuaxw sfa fiujga`j ta zw exa` igxaww tfj cnahj. fiumoc hjjo txieemgljd h} wtxiocjxw. wrazwjw iod naujd aojw. j`rna}jxw.nihax xjgxzmtjxw. iod atfjxw/ / Djwrmtj tfj wgixw njet h} txieemgljxw. sj wjj tfj xjwmnmjogj ae tfj fzìo wrmxmtmo tfjwj iì{moc wzxumuaxw/ Sj fiuj smtojwwjd wzxumuaxw cxidzitj exa` Jocnmwf iw i Wjgaod Nioczicj

gazxwjw. emod kahw. àuj mota iod ìlj tfjmx aso fa`jw. cjt ìxxmjd. fiuj gfmndxjo. iod igfmjuj sfit sjinn siot iod ojjd—dmcomt}. exjjda`. iod modjrjodjogj/



:2

Sj ixj fjxj tadi} ta dmwgzww motjxoitmaoin txieemglmoc iod eaxgjd nihax/ Fzìo txieemglmoc iod àdjxo-di}wniujx} mw i cxiuj fzìo xmcftw umanitmao iod fjmoazw gxm`j rxafmhmtjd h} motjxoitmaoin. oitmaoin. wtitj. iodnagin nisw/ Mt wtmnn rjxwmwtw hjgizwj ae tfj fmcf rxaemt iod nas xmwl oitzxj ae tfmw mnnmgmt `zntm-hmnnmao dannix hzwmojww ae txieemglmoc mo fzìo hjmocw/ Iw mo inn hzwmojwwjw. sj wjj tfj eaxgjw ae wzrrn} iod djìod itsaxl/ Fjxj. tfj wzrrn} ae uznojxihnj modmumdzinw naalmoc eax i nmujnmfaad. tfj jujx mowitmihnj djìodw ae gaowz`jxw mo azx cnahin jgaoa`}. tfj ga`rnmgmt} ae caujxo`jotw iod gaxraxitmaow. iod tfj zowgxzrznazwgaodzgt ae mnnjcmtmìtj nihax xjgxzmtjxw rni} i gitin}tmg xanj/ Motjxoitmaoin gaoenmgtw. zodjxdjujnar`jot iod raujxt}. fzìomtixmio j`jxcjogmjw. oitzxin dmwiwtjxw. iod atfjx gxmwjw inwa gxjitj ejxtmnj cxazod eax fzìotxieemgljxw iod inn tfawj sfa hjojemt emoiogminn} exa` mt/

@a`jotz` mw Hzmndmoc ta Iddxjww Fzìo Txieemglmoc iod @adjxo-Di} Wniujx}

Tfj smnn ta iddxjww fzìo txieemglmoc iod àdjxo-di} wniujx} mw mogxjiwmoc jigf di}/ Ejdjxin njcmwnitmao taiddxjww fzìo txieemglmoc mo caujxo`jot gaotxigtmoc. hzwmojww wzrrn} gfimow. iod mo tfj xanj ae eaxjmconihax xjgxzmtjxw fiw xjgjmujd wzrraxt exa` ìo} `j`hjxw ae Gaocxjww/ Ao Wjrtj`hjx 8:. Rxjwmdjot Ahiìiooazogjd wjujxin momtmitmujw ta iddxjww fzìo txieemglmoc iod àdjxo-di} wniujx}/ Tfj Djrixt`jotw ae Fa`jniod Wjgzxmt} iod Txiowraxtitmao nizogfjd i ojs tximomoc rxacxi` eax txiowraxtitmao j`rna}jjw moAgtahjx. tfj Djrixt`jot ae Nihax rzhnmwfjd tfj Nmwt ae Caadw Rxadzgjd h} Gfmnd Nihax ax Eaxgjd Nihax moWjrtj`hjx. tfj Wtitj Djrixt`jot xjnjiwjd tfj 8298 Ioozin Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow Xjraxt mo Kzoj. iod tfjZ/W/ Icjog} eax Motjxoitmaoin Djujnar`jot nizogfjd mtw Gazotjx Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow &GTMR ranmg}

jixnmjx tfmw }jix/

Djwrmtj Nisw iod @a`jotz` ta Jod Fzìo Txieemglmoc. @adjxo-Di} Wniujx} Rjxwmwtw

Motjxoitmaoin fzìo txieemglmoc iod eaxgjd nihax ieejgt jujx} gazotx} mo tfj saxnd. iod tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw mwoa jvgjrtmao/ Sj ixj i njidmoc djwtmoitmao gazotx} eax tfj txieemglmoc ae eaxjmco oitmaoinw mo iddmtmao tafiumoc motjxoin txieemglmoc smtfmo azx gazotx}/ Jixnmjx tfmw }jix. tfj Motjxoitmaoin Nihax Axciom{itmao &MNAxjnjiwjd mtw wjgaod cnahin jwtmìtj ae eaxgjd nihax emodmoc tfit 82/= `mnnmao ixj umgtm`w it io} tm`j `jiomoctfit tfxjj azt ae jujx} 9.222 rjxwaow saxndsmdj ixj mo eaxgjd nihax it io} cmujo ramot mo tm`j smtf sa`joiod cmxnw xjrxjwjotmoc ::* iod `jo iod ha}w 4:*/99 Tfj MNA wtitjd tfit tfj „jwtmìtj girtzxj\dP tfj eznnxjin` ae fzìo txieemglmoc eax nihazx iod wjvzin jvrnamtitmao ax sfit wa`j ginn àdjxo-di} wniujx}/‐98

Djwrmtj tfjwj wticcjxmoc jwtmìtjw ae umgtm`m{itmao. jvrnamtitmao. iod jowniuj`jot. sj loas tfit fzìotxieemglmoc juidjw dmwgaujx} iod tfit txieemglmoc umgtm`w ixj xixjn} mdjotmemjd ax fjnrjd/ Mo eigt. aon} 49.892txieemglmoc umgtm`w sjxj mdjotmemjd ixazod tfj cnahj mo 8299. aon} i exigtmao &njww 7 tfio 9* ae tfj 82/=`mnnmao umgtm`w mo tfj saxnd it io} tm`j. iggaxdmoc ta tfj 8298 Z/W/ Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow Xjraxt &TMRXjraxt/97

Motjxoitmaoin txieemglmoc iod eaxgjd nihax dmxjgtn} m`rigtw tfj Z/W/ Mo tfj Z/W. tfj Oitmaoin FzìoTxieemglmoc Xjwazxgj Gjotjx fatnmoj &OFTXG. arjxitjd h} Ranixmw Rxakjgt. fiw xjgjmujd àxj tfio 52.222ginnw iod mdjotmemjd àxj tfio 3.222 ratjotmin fzìo txieemglmoc umgtm`w/94 Ae tfit tatin. tfj OFTXGmdjotmemjd 7.2=6 giwjw xjejxjogmoc eaxjmco oitmaoin umgtm`w mo tfj Z/W/ exa` wgaxjw ae gazotxmjw. mognzdmoctfj tar tjo gazotxmjw ae @jvmga. Gfmoi. tfj Rfmnmrrmojw. Xzwwmi. Umjtoi`. Waztf Laxji. Modmi. Tfimniod.Czitjìni. iod Jn Winuidax &mo tfit axdjx/ Tfj OFTXG fiw inwa emjndjd 45= xjraxtw ae ratjotmin

txieemglmoc giwjw ixazod tfj saxnd mo aujx =3 gazotxmjw mognzdmoc tfj tar tjo gazotxmjw ae @jvmga. Gioidi.tfj Rfmnmrrmojw. tfj Zomtjd Lmocda`. tfj Zomtjd Ixih J`mxitjw. Xzwwmi. Tfimniod. Gana`hmi. Gfmoi. iod

99 MNA Cnahin Jwtmìtj ae Eaxgjd Nihazx &8298. fttr;!!sss/mna/axc!sg`wr:!cxazrw!rzhnmg!---jdQoax`!---djgnixitmao!dagz`jotw!rzhnmgitmao!sg`wQ968224/rde. r/ 97/98 Md/97 Z/W/ Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow Xjraxt &8298. fttr;!!sss/wtitj/cau!dagz`jotw!axciom{itmao!9=8:63/rde. r/

44/94 fttr;!!sss/ranixmwrxakjgt/axc!xjwazxgjw!fatnmoj-wtitmwtmgw



:9

@ini}wmi &mo tfit axdjx/ Eaxjmco oitmaoin umgtm`w àwt exjyzjotn} xjyzjwtjd ga`rxjfjowmuj wjxumgjwmognzdmoc txiowmtmaoin iod naoc-tjx` fazwmoc &5:*. njcin wjxumgjw &49*. iod j`jxcjog} wfjntjx &88*/Sj `zwt da inn sj gio ta xjwraod ta tfjwj ojjdw iod M smnn ìlj xjga``joditmaow ta tfmw jeejgt nitjx mo `}tjwtmào}/

Mo 8299 inaoj. tfj OFTXG mdjotmemjd 8.=4: txieemglmoc umgtm`w/ Ae tfawj 8.=4: umgtm`w. 9.459 sjxj wjvtxieemglmoc umgtm`w. 4=3 sjxj nihax txieemglmoc umgtm`w. :6 sjxj hatf wjv iod nihax txieemglmoc. iod 94=sjxj oat wrjgmemjd/9:: Iddmtmaoinn}. sj xjgjmujd 646 ginnw exa` umgtm`w ae nihax jvrnamtitmao. sfmgf ixj oatgirtzxjd mo tfj 8.=4: emczxj/95 Tiljo tacjtfjx. sj fiuj gaognzdjd tfit 46* ae azx giwjw mouanuj wa`j eaxàe nihax jvrnamtitmao ax txieemglmoc iod :8* mouanuj wjv txieemglmoc/ 93 Tfj emuj àwt ga`ào t}rjw ae nihax txieemglmoc sjxj da`jwtmg saxl. xjwtizxiot!eaad wjxumgjw. wìnn hzwmojww. icxmgzntzxj. iod gaowtxzgtmao/96 Sj `zwt da àxj ta rxjujot nihax txieemglmoc mo tfjwj ixjoiw mo iddmtmao ta jeejgtmujn} xjwraodmoc sfjowzgf giwjw ixj mdjotmemjd/ Iddmtmaoin moeaxìtmao ihazt ginnw ta tfj OFTXG mw iuimnihnj mo tfj 8299 OFTXG Ioozin Xjraxt. sfmgf mw ittigfjd ta tfmw tjwtmào}/9=

Rxjujotmoc Fzìo Txieemglmoc iod @adjxo-Di} Wniujx}

Mo tfj àxj tfio tjo }jixw wmogj tfj riwwicj ae tfj TURI. sj fiuj m`rxaujd azx xjwraowj ta fzìotxieemglmoc. hzt sj wtmnn fiuj `mnjw ta ca ta rxjujot tfj jvrnamtitmao iod jowniuj`jot ae uznojxihnj rarznitmaow sfa aetjo einn rxj} ta txieemgljxw iod nihax xjgxzmtjxw/ Tfj Oitmaoin Fzìo Txieemglmoc

Xjwazxgj Gjotjx fatnmoj &OFTXG fiw xjgjmujd ginnw fmcfnmcftmoc tfj ihzwjw mo tfj F-9H. F-8I. F-8H. I-7. C-:. K-9. F-7. L-9. iod D-9 umwi rxacxi`w/

Jumdjogj ae Jvrnamtitmao iod Jowniuj`jot mo Z/W/ Umwi Rxacxi`w

Tfj OFTXG fiw mdjotmemjd :7: F8-I giwjw ae nihax jvrnamtitmao ax txieemglmoc. mognzdmoc 94 nihax txieemglmoc giwjw tfit aggzxxjd mo io icxmgzntzxin wjttmoc. iod aoj nihax txieemglmoc giwj mo i eigtax} wjttmocmouanumoc @jvmgio iod atfjx Nitmo I`jxmgio oitmaoinw/82 Tfj xjìmomoc :82 giwjw mouanujd nihax jvrnamtitmao xiocmoc exa` sicj iod fazx umanitmaow ta àxj wjujxj jvrnamtitmao/89 Tfj OFTXG fiwmdjotmemjd 6:: F-8H giwjw ae nihax jvrnamtitmao ax txieemglmoc mognzdmoc 76 nihax txieemglmoc giwjw mo ioicxmgzntzxin. gaowtxzgtmao. gixomuin. wìnn hzwmojww. ax eigtax} wjttmocw mouanumoc @jvmgio. Emnmrmoa. iodatfjx Nitmo I`jxmgio oitmaoinw/ Tfj xjìmomoc 693 giwjw mouanujd nihax jvrnamtitmao xiocmoc exa` sicjiod fazx umanitmaow ta àxj wjujxj jvrnamtitmao/88

Ranixmw Rxakjgt fiw rxaumdjd ga`rxjfjowmuj wjxumgjw ta i oz`hjx ae eaxjmco oitmaoin umgtm`w mo tfj Z/W/ aoF-9H umwiw sfawj txieemgljxw zwjd tfj umwiw ta nzxj tfjmx umgtm`w mota eaxgjd nihax/ Tilj tfj giwj ae Inumo.sfa dxji`jd ae ga`moc ta tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw ta tjigf Wgmjogj/ Fj tizcft mo tfj Rfmnmrrmojw eax 98 }jixw/ Iexmjod tand fm` ihazt i xjgxzmtjx mo tfj Rfmnmrrmojw sfa gaznd fjnr tfj` irrn} eax io F-9H umwi ta tjigf motfj Zomtjd Wtitjw< fasjujx tfj} saznd ojjd ta ri} $9:.222 ZWD eax tfj irrnmgitmao rxagjww/ Inumo lojstfit mt siw i nat ae àoj} zr exaot. hzt siw tand fj gaznd jixo txmrnj tfit smtfmo i }jix/ Fj siw wa jvgmtjd taeannas fmw dxji` sfmnj hjmoc ihnj ta rxaumdj eax fmw ei`mn}. mognzdmoc fmw àtfjx. smej iod tfxjj }azocgfmndxjo/ Inumo wand fmw rxarjxt} iod taal azt i naio ta ri} eax tfj irrnmgitmao rxagjww/ Fj siw jujotzinn}cxiotjd tfj F-9H umwi ta tjigf mo i `mddnj wgfaan mo Rjoow}nuiomi/

Sfjo Inumo ixxmujd mo Rfmnidjnrfmi. fj siw tand ta cjt ao i hzw ta Siwfmoctao. D/G/ iw tfj rawmtmao moRjoow}nuiomi siw oa naocjx iuimnihnj/ Gaoezwjd iod wgixjd. Inumo ìdj fmw si} ta D/G/ Sfjo fj ixxmujd

fjxj. tfj xjgxzmtjx hxazcft fm` ta i wìnn. zoezxomwfjd irixt`jot smtf 94 atfjx tjigfjxw/ Fj tand tfj` tfj

9: fttrw;!!oi4/winjweaxgj/ga`!weg!r!722222225J4W99Wu5Èi/DQGHn2ZzjaejkEkON2095 Md/93 Md/96 Md/9= Md/82 Md/89 Md/88 Md/



:8

wgfaanw oa naocjx ojjdjd tfj` iod tfj} saznd mowtjid hj saxlmoc mo di} kahw sfjo tfj xjgxzmtjx ojjdjdtfj`/ Inumo m``jdmitjn} saxxmjd ihazt tfj wmcomemgiot naiow fj fid tiljo azt iod saodjxjd fas fj saznd hj ihnj ta wzrraxt fmw ei`mn}/ Fj txmjd irrxaigfmoc tfj xjgxzmtjx ta iwl eax iwwmwtiogj emodmoc i dmeejxjoteznn-tm`j kah ax ta fjnr fm` cjt fa`j ta tfj Rfmnmrrmojw/ Tfj xjgxzmtjx tand fm` fj saznd oat fjnr iodwfasjd fm` fmw czo/ Fj tand Inumo tfit me fj jujx iwljd eax iwwmwtiogj icimo ax tinljd ta nis joeaxgj`jotaeemgminw. fj saznd ca higl ta tfj Rfmnmrrmojw iod lmnn Inumo”w wao/

Inumo nawt inn farj it tfit ramot/ Fj lojs fj saznd oat hj ihnj ta jixo joazcf àoj} smtf aggiwmaoin di} kahw ta ri} higl fmw djht iod wzrraxt fmw ei`mn}. hzt hjnmjujd fj fid oa atfjx gfamgj ietjx tfj xjgxzmtjx tfxjitjojd fmw ei`mn}/ Ietjx emuj àotfw. aoj ae tfj atfjx tjigfjxw mo tfj irixt`jot xio isi} iod siwmotxadzgjd ta Ranixmw Rxakjgt wtiee tfxazcf i ga``zomt} `j`hjx/ Inumo wjgxjtn} wti}jd mo tazgf smtf tfjtjigfjx. sfa tfjo fjnrjd fm` ta njiuj iw sjnn/ Inumo fiw oas hjjo saxlmoc smtf Ranixmw Rxakjgt”w GnmjotWjxumgjw Djrixt`jot eax àxj tfio i }jix/ Fj mw saxlmoc mo i xjtimn wtaxj iod rxjrixmoc fmw T-umwiirrnmgitmao smtf tfj fjnr ae i rxa haoa ittaxoj}/ Sfmnj fj fiw oat }jt igfmjujd fmw dxji` ae tjigfmoc mo tfjZomtjd Wtitjw. fj mw farjezn tfit fj smnn xjgjmuj fmw T-umwi iod hj ihnj ta irrn} eax tjigfmoc kahw mo tfj ixji/

Tfj OFTXG fiw inwa xjgjmujd àxj tfio 9:2 ginnw exa` I-7 iod C-: umwi fandjxw saxlmoc eax dmrnaìtwiod j`rna}jjw ae motjxoitmaoin axciom{itmaow iw da`jwtmg wjxuiotw sfa sjxj jvrjxmjogmoc fzìotxieemglmoc ax atfjx t}rjw ae jvrnamtitmao/ Eax jvi`rnj. Xzhmoi siw xjgxzmtjd exa` fjx fa`j mo WaztfjiwtIwmi iw i da`jwtmg wjxuiot eax i @mddnj Jiwtjxo ei`mn} mo Yitix/ Ietjx saxlmoc eax tfj` eax wjujxin }jixw.

wzeejxmoc tfxjitw iod rf}wmgin ihzwj. tfj ei`mn} hxazcft fjx smtf tfj` ta tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. wi}moc wfj siwi ei`mn} `j`hjx iod smtffandmoc inn fjx dagz`jotw ietjx riwwmoc tfxazcf Z/W/ Gzwta`w/ Saxlmoc naocfazxw eax i exic`jot ae sfit wfj siw asjd. Xzhmoi siw oat innasjd ta njiuj ax tinl ta fjx ei`mn} ao tfj rfaoj/

I gaogjxojd ojmcfhax ginnjd tfj OFTXG fatnmoj iod Ranixmw Rxakjgt ginn wrjgminmwtw rxaumdjd djtimnjdmoeaxìtmao ta ejdjxin iod nagin nis joeaxgj`jot ihazt Xzhmoi”w wmtzitmao/ Ranixmw Rxakjgt siw ihnj tagaaxdmoitj smtf ejdjxin nis joeaxgj`jot iod rxaumdj m``jdmitj ao-wgjoj wjxumgjw ta Xzhmoi sfjo wfj siwjvtxidmtjd exa` fjx txieemglmoc wmtzitmao/ Xzhmoi farjw ta xjtzxo iod hj xjzomtjd smtf fjx ei`mn} mo fjx fa`j gazotx} aogj wfj fiw emomwfjd iwwmwtmoc ejdjxin rxawjgztaxw smtf tfj giwj/ Tfj OFTXG fiw xjgjmujdfzodxjdw ae ginnw exa` K-9 umwi fandjxw ao tfj saxl iod txiujn rxacxi` sfa sjxj jvrjxmjogmoc fzìotxieemglmoc ax atfjx t}rjw ae jvrnamtitmao it wz``jx gi`rw. i`zwj`jot rixlw. iod atfjx wjiwaoin hzwmojwwjw/ I rixtmgznixn} txazhnmoc giwj siw tfit ae i sixjfazwj arjxitax iod i tj`raxix} wtieemoc icjog}.

wzhgaotxigtaxw eax tfj Fjxwfj} Ga`rio}/ Tfj K-9 wraowax. tfj Gazogmn eax Jdzgitmaoin Txiujn. ZWI. hxazcft eaxjmco wtzdjotw ta tfj Z/W/ eax wz``jx kahw saxlmoc naoc fazxw zodjx fixwf gaodmtmaow iod jixojdirrxavmìtjn} $9!fazx/87 Tfj Djrixt`jot ae Nihax isixdjd higl-sicjw ta tfj saxljxw iod tfjwzhgaotxigtaxw sjxj emojd eax fjintf iod wiejt} umanitmaow/84

Xjga``joditmaow ta Rxjujot Fzìo Txieemglmoc iod @adjxo-Di} Wniujx}

Cmujo tfmw jumdjogj ae jvrnamtitmao iod jowniuj`jot. tfj Z/W/ caujxo`jot `zwt tilj ezxtfjx igtmao ta rxjujot fzìo txieemglmoc iod àdjxo-di} wniujx}/ Sj xjga``jod tfj eannasmoc igtmaow;

Emxwt. tfj Djrixt`jotw ae Fa`jniod Wjgzxmt} iod Nihax wfaznd gaodzgt i ga`rxjfjowmuj xjumjs ae tfj F-9H. F-8I. F-8H. I-7. C-:. K-9. F-7. L-9. iod D-9 umwi gitjcaxmjw smtf morzt exa` wjxumgj rxaumdjxwsaxlmoc dmxjgtn} smtf txieemglmoc umgtm`w ta jowzxj tfit tfjwj umwiw ixj iw „txieemglmoc rxaae‐ iw tfj} gio hj/

Tfjwj djrixt`jotw wfaznd inwa xjumjs rxacxi`w djwmcojd ta eigmnmtitj tfj j`rna}`jot ae eaxjmco oitmaoinw.njcin rjxìojot xjwmdjotw. iod Z/W/ gmtm{jow mo da`jwtmg iod icxmgzntzxin saxl iod ta ìljxjga``joditmaow ta jowzxj tfjwj saxljxw zodjxwtiod tfjmx xmcftw iod tfj xmwlw ae fzìo txieemglmoc iodjvrnamtitmao mo tfj rixtmgznix j`rna}`jot wjgtax tfj} ixj jotjxmoc/

87 fttr;!!sss/o}tm`jw/ga`!8298!28!28!zw!ga`rio}-emx`-hioojd-mo-jeeaxt-ta-rxatjgt-eaxjmco-wtzdjotw/ft`n1Qx09%frs84 Md/



:7

Wjgaod. tfj Z/W/ caujxo`jot wfaznd tilj wtjrw ta rxjujot fzìo txieemglmoc iàoc da`jwtmg saxljxw h} rxaàtmoc tfj xitmemgitmao iod m`rnj`jotitmao ae tfj Motjxoitmaoin Nihazx Axciom{itmao Gaoujotmao aoDa`jwtmg Saxljxw &8299/ Tfmw gaoujotmao mw im`jd it m`rxaumoc tfj saxlmoc gaodmtmaow ae tjow ae `mnnmaow ae da`jwtmg saxljxw ixazod tfj cnahj iod saznd imd mo tfj rxjujotmao ae fzìo txieemglmoc ae wzgf saxljxw/ Sj wfaznd inwa jogazxicj wtitjw ta riww njcmwnitmao mo nmoj smtf Ginmeaxomi Da`jwtmg Saxljx Hmnn ae Xmcftw tfit jowzxj tfit da`jwtmg saxljxw ixj jotmtnjd ta hiwmg nihax rxatjgtmaow mognzdmoc aujxtm`j ri}. `jin iod xjwt hxjilw. iod idjyzitj wnjjrmoc gaodmtmaow eax nmuj-mo saxljxw/8:

Tfmxd. tfj Z/W/ Gaocxjww wfaznd wzrraxt njcmwnitmao tfit jowzxjw aujxwmcft iod iggazotihmnmt} ae eaxjmconihax xjgxzmtjxw/ Wzgf njcmwnitmao saznd imd mo tfj rxjujotmao ae fzìo txieemglmoc tfxazcf tfj jnm`moitmaoae inn xjgxzmt`jot ejjw iod moeaxìtmao ta saxljxw ta ìlj tfj` njww uznojxihnj ta jvrnamtitmao iod ihzwj/Tfmw gaznd hj igga`rnmwfjd jmtfjx mo tfj TURI xjiztfaxm{itmao ax iw wtiod-inaoj njcmwnitmao/

Eazxtf. tfj Z/W/ caujxo`jot wfaznd jowzxj tfj jeejgtmuj m`rnj`jotitmao ae tfj Rxjwmdjot”w xjgjot JvjgztmujAxdjx ao caujxo`jot rxagzxj`jot/ Tfj axdjx aztnmojw rxafmhmtmaow ao txieemglmoc-xjnitjd igtmumtmjw tfit smnnirrn} ta inn ejdjxin gaotxigtaxw iod wzhgaotxigtaxw. xjyzmxjw ga`rnmiogj `jiwzxjw eax nixcj aujxwjiwgaotxigtw iod wzhgaotxigtw. iod rxaumdjw ejdjxin icjogmjw smtf iddmtmaoin taanw ta eawtjx ga`rnmiogj/

Emetf. Gaocxjww wfaznd rxjujot txieemglmoc h} jogazxicmoc cxjitjx gaxraxitj txiowrixjog} h} wzrraxtmoc tfjxjmotxadzgtmao iod riwwicj ae tfj (Hzwmojww Txiowrixjog} ao Txieemglmoc iod Wniujx} Igt( &eax`jxn} F/X/

83:= mo tfj 998tf Gaocxjww/ Tfmw hmrixtmwio hmnn saznd xjyzmxj ujx} nixcj hzwmojwwjw ta dmwgnawj sfit wtjrw.me io}. tfj} ixj tilmoc ta jnm`moitj tfjwj fzìo xmcftw ihzwjw smtfmo tfjmx wzrrn} gfimow. nihax xjgxzmt`jot rxigtmgjw. iod zwj ae caadw iod wjxumgjw/

Wmvtf. tfj Z/W/ caujxo`jot wfaznd gaotmozj mtw jeeaxtw ta jowzxj tfit m`raxtjd icxmgzntzxin rxadzgtw da oatmouanuj gfmnd ax eaxgjd nihax/ Ta àdjn hjwt hjfiumax. tfj Z/W/ wfaznd ga``mt ta kamomoc tfj Eimx EaadMomtmitmuj mo mtw rxagzxj`jot ae gjxtimo icxmgzntzxin rxadzgtw fjxj mo tfj Z/W/

Emoinn}. sj wfaznd inn gaotmozj ta wzrraxt rxakjgtw nmlj Wniujx} Eaatrxmot. Exjj8Saxl iod @idj mo i ExjjSaxnd/ Tfjwj taanw fjnr ta rxaumdj gaowz`jxw smtf moeaxìtmao ao fzìo txieemglmoc. eaxgjd nihax iodatfjx eax`w ae àdjxo wniujx} wa tfit tfj} gio ìlj jdzgitjd rzxgfiwmoc djgmwmaow/

Xjwraodmoc ta iod Rxatjgtmoc Wzxumuaxw ae Fzìo Txieemglmoc iod @adjxo-Di} Wniujx}

Tadi} it Ranixmw Rxakjgt. sj ixj wjxumoc 37 wzxumuaxw ae fzìo txieemglmoc iod àdjxo-di} wniujx}. 52 ae sfa` ixj eaxjmco oitmaoinw/ Wa`j ae tfjwj gnmjotw fiuj xjgjmujd i eax` ae tj`raxix} m``mcxitmao xjnmje ginnjd „Gaotmozjd Rxjwjogj.‐ atfjxw fiuj xjgjmujd T-Umwiw ax Z-Umwiw. ìo} fiuj hjjo gjxtmemjd h} tfjDjrixt`jot ae Fjintf iod Fzìo Wjxumgjw sfmgf cxiotw idznt eaxjmco umgtm`w ae fzìo txieemglmoc iggjwwta ejdjxin hjojemtw iod wjxumgjw ta tfj wi`j jvtjot iw xjezcjjw/ Sfmnj M saznd nmlj ta wi} tfit sj fiuj hjjoihnj ta sinl smtf jujx} wzxumuax sj `jjt zotmn tfj} emod exjjda`. dmcomt}. iod modjrjodjogj< tfmw sazndoat hj txzj/ Sj fiuj jvrjxmjogjd tfj cxmje ae i wzxumuax”w djitf. iod tfj djraxtitmao iod diwfjd farjw ae ìo} àxj/ Gnjixn}. àxj gio wtmnn hj daoj ta jowzxj tfit sj hjttjx xjwraod ta tfawj sfawj jvrnamtitmaoiod jowniuj`jot sj dmd oat rxjujot/ Sj dao”t nigl tfj loasnjdcj. aon} tfj xjwanuj iod tfj xjwazxgjw taiddxjww tfj`/

Jumdjogj tfit @axj Gio Wtmnn Hj Daoj ta Xjwraod ta iod Rxatjgt Wzxumuaxw

M saznd nmlj ta wfixj tfj wtax} ae aoj eaxjmco oitmaoin wzxumuax ae nihax txieemglmoc ta mnnzwtxitj tfjwj ramotw/Kjoomejx. i 72-}jix and Czitjìnio saìo. gi`j ta tfj Z/W/ emuj }jixw ica smtf tfj dxji` ae rxaumdmocfjx tsa gfmndxjo smtf i caad jdzgitmao iod fjx imnmoc àtfjx smtf rxarjx `jdmgin ittjotmao/ Wfj siotjd taemod i kah saxlmoc mo i xjwtizxiot ax iw i fazwjljjrjx mo axdjx ta hj ihnj ta wjod àoj} ta fjx ei`mn} higl fa`j/ Wfj njixojd ihazt i kah saxlmoc iw i simtxjww it i xjwtizxiot mo Umxcmomi/ Kjoomejx jvrnimojd tfit it

8: fttr;!!sss/da`jwtmgsaxljxw/axc!gi-hmnn-ae-xmcftw



:4

emxwt tfj xjwtizxiot asojx iod wtiee sjxj sjnga`moc/ Hjgizwj Kjoomejx fid oasfjxj ta nmuj. tfj xjwtizxiotasojx innasjd fjx ta wnjjr mo i xaa` it tfj higl ae tfj xjwtizxiot mo jvgfiocj eax i ujx} nas sicj/

Fasjujx. tfmocw yzmgln} gfiocjd/ Smtfmo tsa àotfw tfj asojx emxjd tfj gaal iod tfj atfjx simtxjww/Kjoomejx siw gajxgjd mota saxlmoc 94 fazxw wfmetw jujx} di}. rxjrixmoc tfj eaad. gnjiomoc tfj xjwtizxiotiod wjxumoc ritxaow/ Kjoomejx ejnt wfj fid oa atfjx gfamgj hjgizwj wfj dmd oat fiuj i wzrraxt ojtsaxl tatzxo ta iod siw oat ihnj ta ga``zomgitj sjnn mo Jocnmwf/ Wfj siw mo tfmw wmtzitmao eax 6-= àotfw zotmn aojdi} dzxmoc io zodjxgaujx ranmgj arjxitmao it tfj xjwtizxiot wfj siw ihnj ta iwl eax fjnr exa` tfj ranmgjaeemgjxw/ Kjoomejx jvrnimojd fjx wmtzitmao ta tfj ranmgj aeemgjx mognzdmoc tfj gaowtiot ujxhin iod rw}gfanacmgin ihzwj h} tfj xjwtizxiot asojx/

Sfjtfjx ax oat i wmtzitmao nmlj tfmw aoj smnn jod mo exjjda` iod dmcomt} eax i eaxjmco oitmaoin nihax txieemglmoc wzxumuax djrjodw ao ìo} eigtaxw; i oitmaoin fatnmoj iod xjejxxin `jgfiomw` eax mdjotme}mocumgtm`w iod giwjw. nis joeaxgj`jot tximojd ta mdjotme} iod xjwraod irrxarxmitjn} ta fzìo txieemglmoc.j`jxcjog} iod naoc-tjx` wzrraxtmuj wjxumgjw. tfj iuimnihmnmt} ae m``mcxitmao xjnmje. tfj ihmnmt} ta emod iodwjgzxj cimoezn j`rna}`jot iod jdzgitmao. iod wa `zgf àxj/ Hjeaxj M tjnn }az fas Kjoomejx”w wtax} jodw.njt `j djwgxmhj fas sj `mcft rxjujot txieemglmoc iod fmcfnmcft tfj gfinnjocjw sj eigj sfjo iwwmwtmoceaxjmco oitmaoin txieemglmoc umgtm`w/

Iddmtmaoin Xjga``joditmaow ta Hjttjx Xjwraod ta Fzìo Txieemglmoc iod @adjxo-Di} Wniujx}

@x/ Ga-Gfimx`jo. tfj gfinnjocjw sj eigj mo saxlmoc smtf eaxjmco oitmaoin umgtm`w ae nihax txieemglmoc iodeaxgjd nihax mognzdj mdjotmemgitmao ae txieemglmoc umgtm`w. iod rxatjgtmao ae tfjwj umgtm`w aogj mdjotmemjdtfxazcf tfj rxaumwmao ae fazwmoc. iod iggjww ta hjojemtw iod ga`rxjfjowmuj wjxumgjw. mognzdmoc njcinwjxumgjw/ Sfit eannasw ixj azx xjga``joditmaow eax fas tfj Z/W/ caujxo`jot ì} hjttjx fjnr ta iddxjwwtfjwj gfinnjocjw mo rixtojxwfmr smtf zw/

Emxwt. sj `zwt mdjotme} tfj ==* ae txieemglmoc umgtm`w sfa xjìmo moumwmhnj iod mwanitjd/ Iw oatjd jixnmjx.aon} 49.892 txieemglmoc umgtm`w sjxj mdjotmemjd ixazod tfj cnahj mo 8299. aon} i exigtmao &njww tfio 9* ae tfj 82/= `mnnmao umgtm`w mo tfj saxnd it io} tm`j/ Sj fiuj hjczo ta da àxj ta mdjotme} txieemglmoc umgtm`wmo tfj Z/W/ iod ixazod tfj saxnd tfxazcf wzggjwwezn àdjnw nmlj tfj Wtitj Djrixt`jot”w „Loas ]azx Xmcftw‐ ri`rfnjt. sfmgf jdzgitjw j`rna}`jot-hiwjd umwi fandjxw ihazt tfj xmwlw ae fzìo txieemglmoc iodihazt xjwazxgjw iuimnihnj ta iwwmwt tfj`/ Wmogj tfmw hxagfzxj siw rzhnmwfjd. tfj Oitmaoin Fzìo

Txieemglmoc Xjwazxgj Gjotjx fiw xjgjmujd àxj tfio 7.222 ginnw ittxmhztihnj ta mt hjmoc dmwtxmhztjd ta umwifandjxw jotjxmoc tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw/ Tfj Djrixt`jotw ae Wtitj. Kzwtmgj. Fa`jniod Wjgzxmt}. iod Fjintf iodFzìo Wjxumgjw wfaznd gaoujoj i saxlmoc cxazr ta dmwgzww tfj jvriowmao ae tfj rxjujotitmuj gaogjrt hjfmod tfj fmcfn} wzggjwwezn (Loas ]azx Xmcftw( hxagfzxj smtf atfjx uznojxihnj rarznitmaow wzgf iw`mcxiot iod da`jwtmg saxljxw sfa da oat joka} hxaid njcin rxatjgtmaow/

Sj `zwt inwa da àxj ta jowzxj tfit sj mogxjiwj tfj rjxgjoticj ae umgtm`w mdjotmemjd h} tximomoccaujxo`jot aeemgminw saxlmoc mo inn wjgtaxw/ Sj `zwt mdjotme} umgtm`w iod dmxjgt tfj` ta wjxumgj rxaumdjxwxitfjx tfio ixxjwt. gfixcj. rxawjgztj ax djraxt tfj` hjgizwj ae gxm`moin ax id`momwtxitmuj umanitmaowmogmdjot ta tfjmx txieemglmoc wmtzitmaow/ Ta ditj. DFW mw tfj aon} ejdjxin nis joeaxgj`jot icjog} tfit fiwdjujnarjd iod mowtmtztjd icjog}-smdj tximomoc eax icjotw àwt nmljn} ta jogazotjx fzìo txieemglmoc/Hjeaxj tfj gnawj ae 8297. tfj Id`momwtxitmao wfaznd jowzxj tfit tfj Djrixt`jotw ae Kzwtmgj. Nihax. Wtitj.iod tfj Jyzin J`rna}`jot Arraxtzomt} Ga``mwwmao djujnar iod xann azt icjog}-smdj tximomocw/

Wm`mnixn}. Fjintf iod Fzìo Wjxumgjw &FFW wfaznd inwa jowzxj tfit io} wagmin wjxumgjw wtiee nmljn} tajogazotjx umgtm`w ax wzxumuaxw ae txieemglmoc. ixj tximojd xjcixdmoc rxjujotmao. mdjotmemgitmao iodirrxarxmitj xjwraowj/

Wjgaod. sj `zwt rxaumdj wiejt} mo tfj eax` ae wjgzxj fazwmoc eax wzxumuaxw nmlj Kjoomejx/ Sj `zwt rxaumdjj`jxcjog}. txiowmtmaoin. iod naoc-tjx` fazwmoc wa tfit wzxumuaxw ixj wiej iod oat uznojxihnj iod jvrawjd tatxieemgljxw/ Hjtsjjo Kiozix} iod Kzoj 8298. Ranixmw Rxakjgt gaodzgtjd i wzxuj} ae iotm-txieemglmocaxciom{itmaow rxaumdmoc wfjntjx wjxumgjw smtf tfj cain ae jwtmìtmoc tfj tatin oz`hjx ae wfjntjx hjdwiuimnihnj ta fzìo txieemglmoc wzxumuaxw mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw/ 536 hjdw ixj wrjgmemginn} iod jvgnzwmujn}djwmcoitjd eax fzìo txieemglmoc wzxumuaxw. iod tfj} saznd xjìmo j`rt} me oat zwjd h} tfmw rarznitmao/



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:8: &irrxavmìtjn} 33* ae tfjwj hjdw ixj xjwtxmgtjd ta wjv txieemglmoc wzxumuaxw. njiumoc aon} 9:7 hjdwiuimnihnj ta nihax txieemglmoc wzxumuaxw &`jiwzxjd icimowt i `mom`z` ae 4=3 nihax txieemglmoc umgtm`wmdjotmemjd h} tfj OFTXG mo 8299 inaoj/85 Fazwmoc wtihmnm{jw txieemglmoc wzxumuaxw iod gxjitjw i wjowj ae wiejt} tfit innasw tfj` ta hjcmo ta xjhzmnd tfjmx nmujw/ Sj gnjixn} ojjd àxj fazwmoc eax txieemglmocwzxumuaxw rixtmgznixn} eax nihax txieemglmoc wzxumuaxw nmlj Kjoomejx/

Tfmxd. eaxjmco oitmaoin txieemglmoc umgtm`w ojjd `jiow ae wzxumuin/ Mo tfj m``jdmitj di}w. sjjlw. iodàotfw ietjx hjmoc txieemgljd. wzxumuaxw ojjd iggjww ta hjojemtw iod wjxumgjw sfmgf ixj dmxjgtn} nmoljd tagjxtmemgitmao iw i txieemglmoc umgtm` h} tfj Djrixt`jot ae Fjintf iod Fzìo Wjxumgjw. Aeemgj ae XjezcjjXjwjttnj`jot &AXX/ AXX gjxtmemjw eaxjmco oitmaoin umgtm`w iod rxaumdjw njttjxw ae jnmcmhmnmt} ta eaxjmcooitmaoin `moaxw &zodjx 96 wa tfit tfj} ixj jnmcmhnj eax ejdjxin iod Wtitj hjojemtw iod wjxumgjw ta tfj wi`jjvtjot iw xjezcjjw/

Iw aoj ae tsa caujxo`jot icjogmjw xjwraowmhnj eax txieemglmoc umgtm` wjxumgjw. tfj Djrixt`jot ae Fjintfiod Fzìo Wjxumgjw wfaznd djujnar i ga`rxjfjowmuj djrixt`jot-smdj wtxitjc} ao ga`hittmoc fzìotxieemglmoc. iod jowzxj tfit umgtm` wjxumgj wtxitjcmjw rxaumdj wrjgmemg iod djdmgitjd ezodw eax rxacxi`w tfit`jjt tfj zomyzj ojjdw ae txieemgljd rjxwaow. xjcixdnjww ae icj ax oitmaoinmt}/ FFW iod DAK wfaznd jowzxjtfj wji`njww djnmujx} ae wjxumgjw sfjtfjx i umgtm` mw emxwt rxaumdjd smtf hjojemtw iod wjxumgjw tfxazcf FFWax DAK iod umgj ujxwi/

Emoinn}. eaxjmco oitmaoin wzxumuaxw ojjd iwwmwtiogj mo tfj eax` njcin wjxumgjw. mognzdmoc eax m``mcxitmaomwwzjw xjnitjd ta tfjmx txieemglmoc wmtzitmaow/ Tfiolw ta tfj TURI. wjujxin t}rjw ae m``mcxitmao xjnmje ixjiuimnihnj ta txieemglmoc umgtm`w mognzdmoc tj`raxix} m``mcxitmao xjnmje ax „Gaotmozjd Rxjwjogj.‐ iod naoc-tjx` m``mcxitmao xjnmje mo tfj eax` ae T-Umwiw. Z-Umwiw. iod mo wa`j giwjw UISI iod iw}nz`. inn ae sfmgf rxaumdj i wjowj ae wtihmnmt} eax wzxumuaxw/

Tj`raxix} M``mcxitmao Xjnmje

Gaotmozjd Rxjwjogj &GR mw i aoj-}jix eax` ae m``mcxitmao xjnmje tfit ejdjxin nis joeaxgj`jot aeemgminwxjyzjwt ao hjfine ae i umgtm` ae i wjujxj eax` ae txieemglmoc sfa mw inwa i ratjotmin smtojww/ Ta yzinme}. tfjmodmumdzin ojjd oat gaarjxitj smtf nis joeaxgj`jot/ Gaotmozjd Rxjwjogj innasw tfj umgtm` ta xjìmo mo tfjZomtjd Wtitjw dzxmoc tfj gazxwj ae io moujwtmcitmao ax rxawjgztmao iw sjnn iw ahtimo io J`rna}`jotIztfaxm{itmao Dagz`jot &JID/83 Djwrmtj tfmw nas hix. sj ixj isixj ae i oz`hjx ae nihax txieemglmoc giwjw

sfjxj tfj wzxumuax gnjixn} `jjtw tfj djemomtmao ae i umgtm` ae tfj wjujxj eax` ae txieemglmoc. mw i ratjotminsmtojww. iod fiw gaarjxitjd smtf nis joeaxgj`jot jujo tfazcf oat xjyzmxjd tfit fiuj oat hjjo cxiotjd GR/

Inn nis joeaxgj`jot aeemgminw `zwt hj tximojd iod rxarjxn} mowtxzgtjd ao tfj wtiodixdw eax GR/ Mo eigt. moIzczwt 8292 iod Kiozix} 8298. tfj Innmiogj ta Jod Wniujx} iod Txieemglmoc &ITJWT. ae sfmgf RanixmwRxakjgt mw i `j`hjx. xjyzjwtjd tfit DFW da àxj ta jowzxj tfj zwj ae GR mo irrxarxmitj giwjw/ ITJWT siwiod xjìmow gaogjxojd tfit tfjxj mw oat wzeemgmjot moeaxìtmao iod czmdiogj iuimnihnj ta tfj rzhnmg ax nisjoeaxgj`jot ao GR gizwmoc tfj oz`hjx ae mowtiogjw ae sfjo gaotmozjd rxjwjogj mw cxiotjd ta djgnmoj/ TfjDjrixt`jot ae Fa`jniod Wjgzxmt} fiw rxaumdjd i rzhnmg ri`rfnjt ao tfj tarmg iod io motjxoin rxatagan eax nis joeaxgj`jot icjogmjw< fasjujx. sj ixj oat gaoemdjot tfmw mw wzeemgmjot iod saznd sjnga`j tfjarraxtzomt} ta rxaumdj ejjdhigl ao tfj nis joeaxgj`jot rxatagan/

Mo iddmtmao. tfj Djrixt`jot ae Fa`jniod Wjgzxmt} wfaznd xjumjs iod xjumwj mtw ranmgmjw iod rxagjdzxjw ta

jowzxj tfit gaotmozjd rxjwjogj mw cxiotjd mo i tm`jn} ìoojx iod mo nmoj smtf mtw axmcmoin rzxrawj iw iomoujwtmcitmuj taan/ Sj xjga``jod tfit GR hj cxiotjd smtfmo aoj àotf ae irrnmgitmao/ Sj inwaxjga``jod gaowmdjxmoc jvriodmoc tfj cxazr ae igtaxw sfa ixj iztfaxm{jd ta xjyzjwt GR rzxwziot ta 88ZWG £ 392:&g&7&I&m/ Z/W/ Djrixt`jot ae Nihax rjxwaoojn iod nagin nis joeaxgj`jot ixj tsa iddmtmaoin

85 fttr;!!sss/ranixmwrxakjgt/axc!xjwazxgjw!taanw-eax-wjxumgj-rxaumdjxw-iod-nis-joeaxgj`jot!wfjntjx-hjd-xjraxt 83 fttr;!!sss/ige/ffw/cau!rxacxi`w!axx!xjwazxgj!eigt-wfjjt-gjxtmemgitmao-eax-idznt-umgtm`w-ae-txieemglmoc



:5

cxazrw tfit gaznd hjojemt exa` hjmoc ihnj ta dmxjgtn} xjyzjwt GR cmujo tfjmx exjyzjot motjxigtmao smtfumgtm`w ae nihax jvrnamtitmao ax txieemglmoc/

Naoc-Tjx` M``mcxitmao Xjnmje

Naoc-tjx` m``mcxitmao xjnmje iod tfj rawwmhmnmt} ae rjxìojot xjwmdjog} tfxazcf tfj T-umwi mw inwa i gxmtmginsi} ta jwtihnmwf wtihmnmt} eax txieemglmoc umgtm`w/ Tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Igt &TURIxjgacom{jw tfit xjtzxomoc umgtm`w ta tfjmx gazotx} ae axmcmo mw aetjo oat mo tfjmx hjwt motjxjwt. iod tfit umgtm`wojjd tfj arraxtzomt} ta xjhzmnd tfjmx nmujw smtfazt ejix ae djraxtitmao. sfmgf mw aetjo tfxjitjojd h}txieemgljxw/ Tfj TURI gxjitjd tfj T-umwi. i oaom``mcxiot wtitzw tfit innasw i eaxjmco umgtm` ae fzìotxieemglmoc ta xjìmo mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw eax zr ta eazx }jixw/ Tfj nis inwa innasw gjxtimo `j`hjxw ae i T-umwi fandjx”w ei`mn} ta irrn} eax djxmuitmuj T-umwi wtitzw/ I txieemglmoc umgtm` ì} hj jnmcmhnj eax i T-umwi me fj!wfj; &9 Mw ax siw i umgtm` ae txieemglmoc. iw djemojd h} nis< &8 Mw mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. I`jxmgio Wiài.tfj Ga`àosjintf ae tfj Oaxtfjxo @ixmioi Mwniodw. ax it i raxt ae jotx} dzj ta txieemglmoc< &7 Ga`rnmjwsmtf io} xjiwaoihnj xjyzjwt exa` i nis joeaxgj`jot icjog} eax iwwmwtiogj mo tfj moujwtmcitmao ax rxawjgztmao ae fzìo txieemglmoc &ax mw ixj zodjx tfj icj ae 96. ax zoihnj ta gaarjxitj dzj ta rf}wmgin ax rw}gfanacmgin txizì< &4 Djàowtxitjw tfit fj!wfj saznd wzeejx jvtxj`j fixdwfmr mouanumoc zozwzin iodwjujxj fix` me xjàujd exa` tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw< iod &: Mw id`mwwmhnj ta tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw ax ahtimow isimujx ae id`mwwmhmnmt}/86

Djwrmtj tfj iuimnihmnmt} ae tfj T-Umwi it i gir ae :.222 rjx }jix. mo emwgin }jix 8299. aon} ::3 umgtm`w sjxjcxiotjd tfmw umwi/8= Ta jowzxj tfit tfj ìvm`z` oz`hjx ae eaxjmco oitmaoin txieemglmoc umgtm`w fiuj iggjwwta tfmw eax` ae m``mcxitmao xjnmje iod rxatjgtmao. tfj Djrixt`jot ae Fa`jniod Wjgzxmt} wfaznd xjumjs iodxjumwj xjcznitmaow. ranmgmjw iod rxagjdzxjw ta jowzxj tfit fzìo txieemglmoc umgtm`w sfa fiuj xjraxtjd tfjmx jvrnamtitmao iod jowniuj`jot ixj rxjwz`jd ta fiuj gaarjxitjd smtf nis joeaxgj`jot eax tfj rzxrawjw ae yzinme}moc eax i T Umwi rzxwziot ta 6 ZWG £ 9929/

Wz`ìx} iod Gaognzwmao

Njt `j tjnn }az fas Kjoomejx”w wtax} jodw ax wfinn M wi} hjcmow hjgizwj fjx giwj mnnzwtxitjw sfjo tfj w}wtj`xjwraodw wzggjwweznn} ‗ sfjo io modmumdzin mw rxaumdjd smtf wiej fazwmoc. i `jiow ae wzxumuin. iod wtihmnmt}tfxazcf m``mcxitmao xjnmje< hzt jujo àxj m`raxtiotn} fjx giwj mnnzwtxitjw fas exjjda` iod dmcomt} hjcmo/

Tfj ranmgj aeemgjx sfa jogazotjxjd Kjoomejx xjgacom{jd tfj fzìo txieemglmoc modmgitaxw iod xjejxxjd fjx tai nagin wfjntjx tfit gaotigtjd Ranixmw Rxakjgt eax j`jxcjog} wjxumgjw/ Smtf tfj fjnr ae Ranixmw Rxakjgt.Kjoomejx siw ihnj ta wjgzxj wfjntjx iod eaad tfxazcf azx txiowmtmaoin fazwmoc rxacxi`/ Fiumoc wiej fazwmoccxjitn} fjnrjd fjx hj ihnj ta eagzw ao fjx atfjx ojjdw iod cainw/ Dzxmoc tfmw tm`j wfj rixtmgmritjd mo azx kahiod ga`rztjx wlmnnw tximomoc rxacxi`. siw ihnj ta xjgjmuj rxarjx `jdmgin ittjotmao iw sjnn iw `jotin fjintfgazowjnmoc/ Kjoomejx siw inwa cxiotjd Gaotmozjd Rxjwjogj sfmgf innasjd fjx ta emod i wtihnj kah iw i gaal/

Ranixmw Rxakjgt wtiee inwa xjejxxjd fjx ta io motjowmuj Jocnmwf nioczicj wlmnnw rxacxi`< iw i xjwznt. wfj giooas zodjxwtiod iod xjid Jocnmwf sjnn joazcf ta ga``zomgitj fjx ojjdw iod ta iduagitj eax fjxwjne/ Wmogjtfjo wfj fiw wjgzxjd fjx aso fazwmoc iod fiw hjjo nmumoc modjrjodjotn} sfmnj wzrraxtmoc fjx àtfjx iodgfmndxjo mo fjx fa`j gazotx}/ Ezxtfjxàxj. smtf i xjojsjd wjowj ae wjne-gaoemdjogj wfj fiw igtmujn} rixtmgmritjd mo tfj moujwtmcitmao icimowt fjx eax`jx j`rna}jx sfa siw kzwt rxawjgztjd tfmw riwt }jix aogfixcjw ae fzìo w`zccnmoc iod txieemglmoc/ Kjoomejx fiw eazod fjx uamgj iod mw inwa oas iduagitmoc ao

hjfine ae atfjxw sfa fiuj caoj tfxazcf wm`mnix wmtzitmaow/ Smtf tfj fjnr ae i rxa haoa ittaxoj} wjgzxjd h}

86fttr;!!sss/zwgmw/cau!raxtin!wmtj!zwgmw!`jozmtj`/jh9d4g8i7j:h=ig6=847g5i3:47e5d9i!1ucojvtamd028jd7j4d33d37892UcoUG@922222268gi52iXGXD%ucojvtgfioojn028jd7j4d33d37892UcoUG@922222268gi52iXGXD8= Z/W/ Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow Xjraxt &8298. fttr;!!sss/wtitj/cau!dagz`jotw!axciom{itmao!9=8:=6/rde. r/758/



:3

Ranixmw Rxakjgt Kjoomejx”w T-umwi irrnmgitmao siw wzh`mttjd mo Izczwt 8298 iod wfj mw oas isimtmoc fjx djgmwmao/

@x/ Ga-Gfimx`jo. tfiol }az eax fandmoc tfmw fjixmoc it i tm`j sfjo azx wtxzccnj ta rxjujot iod xjwraod tafzìo txieemglmoc iod àdjxo-di} wniujx} gaznd oat hj àxj gxmtmgin/ Sj ixj eiwt irrxaigfmoc tfj 9:2tfioomujxwix} ae tfj mwwziogj ae tfj Jìogmritmao Rxagniìtmao/ Iw I`hiwwidax-it-Nixcj eax Txieemglmoc moRjxwaow Nazmw GdjHigi exjyzjotn} oatjw. sj `zwt wtmnn eznemnn tfj rxa`mwj ae tfit rxagniìtmao iod ae tfj97tf I`jod`jot ta azx Gaowtmtztmao ta gxjitj i saxnd smtfazt wniujx}/ ]jt. iw sj wmt fjxj tadi}. tfj rxj`mjx rmjgj ae Z/W/ ejdjxin njcmwnitmao ta iddxjww tfj mwwzj fjxj it fa`j iod ixazod tfj saxnd ‗ tfjTxieemglmoc Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Igt &TURI ‗ mw àxj tfio i }jix aujxdzj eax xjiztfaxm{itmao/

Ranixmw Rxakjgt iod azx rixtojx axciom{itmaow fjxj mo tfj Z/W/ iod ixazod tfj saxnd fiuj hjjo ihnj tamdjotme}. iwwmwt. iod sinl inaocwmdj gazxicjazw wzxumuaxw nmlj Kjoomejx hjgizwj tfj Z/W/ fiw gxjitjd iexi`jsaxl ta ga`hit fzìo txieemglmoc tfit wjjlw ta rxatjgt txieemglmoc umgtm`w. rxjujot fzìo txieemglmociod rxawjgztj fzìo txieemgljxw it fa`j iod ixazod tfj saxnd. inhjmt m`rjxejgt iod mo ojjd ae m`rxauj`jotw ta iddxjww tfj xanj ae nihax xjgxzmtjxw. gaxraxitj iod caujxo`jot wzrrn} gfimow. iod àxj/Sj ixj jicjx ta saxl smtf }az ta ìlj tfjwj m`rxauj`jotw ta azx txieemglmoc mo rjxwaow nisw hjgizwj tfj}wtiod iw i àdjn eax tfj xjwt ae tfj saxnd iod àwt m`raxtiotn}. hjgizwj tfjwj nisw gxjitj tfj xaid higl taexjjda` iod dmcomt} eax wzxumuaxw ae fzìo txieemglmoc iod àdjxo-di} wniujx}/

Tfiol }az/ @x/ @GCAUJXO; Iod M siot ta hjcmo h}. emxwt ae inn. tfiolmoc inn ae }az sfa ixj ao

tfmw riojn. oat kzwt eax }azx tjwtmào} hzt eax }azx ìo} }jixw ae saxl mo tfmw emjnd/ Iodi nat ae }azx xjwjixgf iod i nat ae }azx xjga``joditmaow aujx tfj }jixw fiuj hjjo tiljo.ahumazwn}. ujx} wjxmazwn} hjgizwj M tfmol tfit mw sf} sj ixj àumoc wnasn} hzt wzxjn}eaxsixd mo tx}moc ta djin smtf wa`j ae tfjwj tjxxmhnj mwwzjw tfit sj ixj tinlmoc ihazt fjxjtadi}/

]az fiuj cmujo natw ae xjga``joditmaow/ Wa`j ae tfj` ixj jiwmjx wimd tfiodaoj/ ]az loas. M saznd wi} ta @w/ @mwxi tfit. }az loas. oatfmoc }az wimd siw

zorarznix ta `j. hzt M loas mt `mcft hj zorarznix ta wa`j atfjx `j`hjxw ae tfmwga``mwwmao/

Hzt. }az loas. jujo sfjo mt ga`jw ta. nmlj. axciom{moc zomaow. }az loas. mt mwtazcf ta axciom{j i zomao mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw/ Wa. }az loas. M tfmol sj gio inn lmod ae zodjxwtiod tfj uinzj ae axciom{moc iod saxljxw fiumoc i cxjitjx wi} mo tfj saxleaxgj. hztmo wa`j gazotxmjw ahumazwn} mt mw jvtxj`jn} dmeemgznt/ Mt mw fixd fjxj< M `jio. mt mw jujoàxj dmeemgznt mo atfjx gazotxmjw/

M fiuj i ejs yzjwtmaow. iod M i` camoc ta hj camoc inn ixazod tfj rnigj. wa kzwt hjix smtf `j/ Kzwt ta lmod ae eannas zr ao `} niwt yzjwtmao ta I`hiwwidax GdjHigi. tfmw

mw rxahihn} eax @x/ Lixi iod @w/ @mwxi. me }az gixj ta ga``jot ao tfmw/

M ca higl ta tfmw txicmg emxj mo Hiocnidjwf. 998 rjarnj lmnnjd/ Gnatfjw hjixmocSinìxt#w hxiod Eidjd Cnax} iod atfjx Sjwtjxo hxiodw sjxj hjmoc ìdj mo tfit eigtax}/Iod sj ixj tinlmoc i nat ihazt. }az loas. wzrrn} gfimo àomtaxmoc/ ]az loas. icimo. motfmw giwj mt mw fixd eax `j ta hjnmjuj tfit me tfjxj siw wzrrn} gfimo àomtaxmoc. tfitwa`jhad} -- }az loas. M `jio. M dao#t jujo tfmol }az fiuj ta hj io jvrjxt ao AWFI ax ao. }az loas. saxljx wiejt} mwwzjw/ Kzwt lmod ae i gzxwax} xzo tfxazcf tfmw eigtax} saznd



:6

wjj tfit tfmw siw oat i emt rnigj eax tfjwj rjarnj ta saxl< mt siw diocjxazw/

Wa. }az loas. sj ixj wzrrawjd ta fiuj wzrrn} gfimo àomtaxmoc camoc ao/ ]az hatf ga``jotjd ao wa`j ae tfj gfinnjocjw smtf tfit. hzt M saznd nmlj ta lmod ae tinl inmttnj hmt àxj ihazt tfit. me }az dao#t `mod/ M `jio. fas da sj wtxjoctfjo tfit1

Iod inwa djinmoc smtf tfj ranmtmgin xjinmtmjw tfit sj fiuj ta djin smtf mo tfmwGaocxjww. sfjxj. }az loas. iddmtmaoin xjcznitmaow ao gaxraxitmaow mw oat insi}w ujx}.ujx} rarznix/ Icimo. M siot ta cmuj Sinìxt io arraxtzomt} ta hj i njidjx/ ]az loas. Msiot ta hj ihnj ta wi} omgj tfmocw ihazt ga`riomjw iod gaxraxitmaow/

Hzt tfmw giwj -- iod. }az loas. }az `jotmaojd i sfanj hzogf ae atfjx giwjw -- hztxjidmoc ihazt tfmw giwj. mt kzwt wjj`w txicmg iod zoojgjwwix}/ Iod mt hatfjxw `j cxjitn}tfit. }az loas. Z/W/ gaxraxitmaow ixj wjnnmoc rxadzgtw tfit sjxj ìdj tfjxj/ Iod wa Mtfmol io} ga``jotw }az fiuj saznd hj irrxjgmitjd/

@x/ Lixi. da }az siot ta hjcmo1

@x/ LIXI; Sjnn. njt `j emxwt wi} iod igloasnjdcj tfit mt mw ujx} m`raxtiot tfittfmw hatfjxw }az cxjitn}/ Iod M tfmol tfj àxj rjarnj sfa njixo ihazt tfjwj t}rjw ae tfmocw. tfj}. taa. smnn hj hatfjxjd cxjitn}/ Wa tfj yzjwtmao mw. sjnn. sfit da sj da1

M fiuj hjjo ta i nat ae tfjwj tjvtmnj eigtaxmjw mo Dfili iod atfjx rixtw ae WaztfIwmi/ Sfjo M dmd tfj wfxm`r saxl. M inwa dmd tfj tji wzrrn} gfimo ae Waztf Iwmi iod sjotmota wa`j ae tfjwj tjvtmnj eigtaxmjw iw sjnn/ Iod M gio tjnn }az. sfjo M sinljd azt. M wimd.Tfjwj rnigjw ixj dmwiwtjxw simtmoc ta firrjo/ Wtxi} jnjgtxmgin smxjw. motjowj fjit. nm`mtjdujotmnitmao. daaxw nagljd. sa`jo damoc tfj saxl sfmnj gxidnmoc i hih} mo aoj ix`. sfaixj hxjitfmoc mo inn tfmw tjxxmhnj imx iod rixtmgznitj ìttjx/ Mt siw aon} i ìttjx ae tm`j.iod mt xjìmow i ìttjx ae tm`j/

M tfmol. ta hj faojwt. tfjxj ixj rxahihn} tsa si}w tfit aoj gio ca ihazt tfmw. hjgizwj tfjxj ixj gfinnjocmoc xjinmtmjw mo tfit rixt ae tfj saxnd iod atfjx rixtw ae tfjsaxnd sfjxj sj wazxgj nihax hjgizwj mt mw jgaoa`mginn} hjojemgmin ta da wa/ Sj gio tilji tar-daso irrxaigf. riww nisw iod wi}. (Ga`riomjw ojjd ta da tfmw iod da tfit. iod }azemczxj mt azt.( sfmgf M tfmol smnn. it tfmw wticj. rxahihn} hj gfinnjocmoc iod `momìnn}jeejgtmuj/

Sfit M tfmol mw i àxj jeejgtmuj irrxaigf mw ta igtzinn} cjt xjwjixgfjxw. igidj`mgxjwjixgfjxw. saxlmoc smtf OCAw. ta xjnmihn} dagz`jot iod yziotme} tfj jvtjot ta sfmgftfjwj wzrrn} gfimow ae tfjwj iod tfit rxadzgtw ixj timotjd umw-â-umw winj mo tfj Z/W/ Wa Mgio tjnn }az tfit 9 azt ae :3 wfxm`r mo tfj saxnd ixj timotjd exa` Hiocnidjwf/ Iod sjojjd ta hj ihnj ta wi} wa ìo} gixrjtw. wa ìo} wfmxtw it Sinìxt. Cir. jt gjtjxi/ Sjfiuj daoj tfj saxl. sj fiuj daoj tfj xioda` wi`rnmoc. mt mw timotjd/ Oas. }az ixj hatfjxjd h} tfit. gaowz`jxw ixj hatfjxjd h} tfit. iod tfj rxjwwzxj àzotw tfit modzwtx}iod caujxo`jot fiw ta da wa`jtfmoc/



:=

Iod M tfmol me sj fiuj tfit cxazodwsjnn exa` tfj hatta` zr ae gaowz`jx aztgx}.sj ì} tfjo fiuj àxj njujxicj ta cjt àxj jeejgtmuj ranmgmjw daoj. àxj xjwazxgjwinnagitjd. iod tiglnmoc tfj xjinn} gfinnjocmoc wmdj ae tfmw. sfmgf mw tfj nmttnj niwt yzidxiotaujx tfjxj ao tfj eix wmdj ae tfj saxnd sfjxj tfj saxl mw hjmoc daoj. ìlmoc wzxj sjàomtax tfit/ Iod mt mw i gfinnjocj eax ga`riomjw. io} ga`riomjw. tfj} ixj xmcft/ Hzt me

mt ga`jw exa` tfj gaowz`jx. M tfmol sj fiuj i hjttjx gfiogj ae wzggjjdmoc/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; @x/ @ittix1

@x/ @ITTIX; M siot ta wzrraxt sfit siw kzwt wimd h} ìlmoc tsa m`raxtiotxjejxjogjw ta tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Xjiztfaxm{itmao Igt/

Tfj emxwt mw mo 8222 tfj TURI siw i`jodjd ta irrn} ta jvtxitjxxmtaxmin giwjw/ Waxjcixdnjww sfjxj tfj igt ae txieemglmoc mw hjmoc ga``mttjd. sj ixj camoc ta fand tfjgaxraxitmao nmihnj io}sfjxj/ Iod tfmw firrjojd mo 8222 hjgizwj ae tfj Ojrin iggmdjot moMxiy/ Wa M hjnmjuj tfmw mw xjinn} m`raxtiot. ta ga`j iod wi} azx nisw. tfj Txieemglmoc

Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Igt. wfinn irrn} aztwmdj tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw xjcixdnjww ae sfjxj azx Z/W/gaxraxitmao mw aztwazxgmoc ax gaodzgtmoc hzwmojww/

Tfj wjgaod. sfmgf }az kzwt `jotmaojd. mo 8226 tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm`wRxatjgtmao Igt siw i`jodjd ta eagzw ao tfj gaowz`jx/ Rixtojxwfmrw `zwt hj jwtihnmwfjdta ìlj wzxj tfit io I`jxmgio gaowz`jx mw oat hz}moc caadw tfit ixj hjmoc ìozeigtzxjdtfxazcf gfmnd nihax ax eaxgjd nihax/M tfmol tfjwj ixj tsa ujx} caad rxaumwmaow. iod M tfmol mt mw caad eax zw ta tfmol ihazt fasgio sj jeejgtmujn} iod idjyzitjn} m`rnj`jot hatf ae tfj`/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Tfiol }az/ @w/ @mwxi1

@w/ @MWXI; Tfiol }az. Gfimxìo @gCaujxo/ M. taa. wfixj @x/ Lixi#wirrxjgmitmao eax }az eax kzwt iwlmoc tfit yzjwtmao/ M tfmol tfit rjarnj sazndo#t ojgjwwixmn}fiuj wjjo tfj gaoojgtmao tfit }az ixj wjjmoc ihazt i emxj iod aggzritmaoin wiejt} iodfjintf mwwzjw hjmoc tmjd ratjotminn} ta eaxgjd nihax iod atfjx mwwzjw/

I gazrnj ae tfmocw/ M icxjj smtf }az. ihwanztjn}. tfit mt mw ujx} dmeemgznt ta eax` izomao oat kzwt mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw hzt mo ìo} rnigjw ixazod tfj saxnd/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Mt dajwo#t jio sj wfazndo#t tx}/

@w/ @MWXI; Jvigtn}/ Iod M icxjj. iod M ljjr tfit xjga``joditmao tfjxj/ Hzttfjxj ixj wtjrw mo hjtsjjo tfit M kzwt siotjd ta ramot azt/

Iod wa M wfixj. M tfmol. @x/ Lixi#w xjga``joditmao ihazt fiumoc OCAw iodxjwjixgfjxw àomtax wzrrn} gfimow. iod ìlmoc tfit moeaxìtmao rzhnmg mw ujx} m`raxtiot/Hzt tfj} fiuj ta da tfit mo i si} tfit ìljw wzxj tfjxj mw saxljx icjog}/ Wa me tfjxj mwoat i zomao mo tfjmx saxlrnigj. saxljxw ixj wtmnn tfj uamgj iod ojjd ta hj xjrxjwjotjd iodfiuj icjog} iod asojxwfmr ae hjmoc ihnj ta àomtax tfit wzrrn} gfimo/ Wa io} OCAw ax



52

xjwjixgfjxw sfa ixj damoc tfmw saxl ojjd ta ìlj wzxj tfit tfjxj mw tfit gaoojgtmao/

Iod tfjxj ixj wa`j jvi`rnjw/ Tfj Saxljx Xmcftw Gaowaxtmz` mo tfj Z/W/ dajw iujx} caad kah ae tfit/ Tfj Gainmtmao ae M`àlinjj Saxljxw mo Enaxmdi inwa mw i ujx}caad jvi`rnj ae zwmoc gadjw ae gaodzgt iod rzhnmg rxjwwzxj hzt inwa zwmoc saxljx

icjog} iod uamgj iw i si} ta àomtax i wzrrn} gfimo/ Wa. ramotmoc tfit azt/

]az loas. tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx mo Hiocnidjwf fiw hjjo tx}moc ta da emxj iodaggzritmaoin wiejt} iod fjintf tximomoc mo eigtaxmjw inn ixazod tfj gazotx} iod fiwxjgjmujd ezodmoc exa` tfj Z/W/ Caujxo`jot ta da wa`j ae tfit hzt fiw xjgjmujd i nat ae rzwfhigl h} tfj j`rna}jxw iod tfj caujxo`jot mtwjne/ Iod M tfmol tfit mw aoj ae tfjmwwzjw tfit sj inwa ojjd ta naal it. mw ìlmoc wzxj tfit tfjxj mw io joihnmoc joumxao`joteax wa`j ae tfjwj tfmocw ta firrjo/

]az `jotmaojd Sinìxt. iod wmogj }az `jotmaojd mt. M i` innasjd ta `jotmao mt/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Ihwanztjn}. @w/ @mwxi/

@w/ @MWXI; Hzt. }az loas. Sinìxt mw aoj ae tfj saxnd#w nixcjwt j`rna}jxw/ Me tfj} gfiocj. mt gfiocjw tfj sfanj ci`j/ ]az loas. sj insi}w wi} tfit/ Me }az gio cjtSinìxt ta gfiocj. }az ixj camoc ta gfiocj tfj modzwtx} mo natw ae si}w/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Iod M i` camoc ta wazod ujx} oimuj fjxj. hzt. }az loas.sfit M saznd nmlj ta tfmol saznd firrjo. me M i` i Z/W/ ga`rio} tfit. }az loas. ìljw{mnnmaow ae dannixw iod M i` camoc ta gaotxigt azt smtf rjarnj mo. sfjtfjx mt mw Hiocnidjwf.M dao#t gixj sfjxj mt mw. iod hjmoc i caad gaxraxitj cnahin gmtm{jo. me M wjod wa`jhad} aztta tfit nagitmao iod wjj tfit mt mw i emxjtxir. ax M fiuj tfj fmot tfit tfjxj ì} hj eaxgjdnihax camoc ao. ax M wjj wa`j ae tfj tfmocw tfit @x/ Lixi ramotjd azt sfjxj. }az loas. iàtfjx mw fandmoc i hih} mo io joumxao`jot tfit mwo#t wiej. M saznd nmlj ta tfmol tfit rixtae tfj xjwraowj saznd hj. }az loas. ta wi}. Sj ixj oat camoc ta da hzwmojww smtf }azzonjww }az lmod ae. }az loas. gnjio tfmw rnigj zr i nmttnj hmt/ Iod ì}hj. }az loas. me sj siot ta da hzwmojww. sj smnn fjnr }az da tfit. hjgizwj sj jixo natw ae àoj} iod }azixj camoc ìlj zw natw ae àoj}. wa njt zw wjj sfjtfjx sj gio m`rxauj tfj yzinmt} ae tfjsaxlrnigj fjxj/

M `jio. ta `j. tfjxj kzwt wjj`w ta hj. }az loas -- tfjxj mw io ahnmcitmao hj}aod.}az loas. sfit Gaocxjww wtmrznitjw ax sfit Gaocxjww xjyzmxjw/ Ta `j. tfit mw kzwt sfitsj wfaznd ga`j ta jvrjgt/ Iod. icimo. mt mw oat wa`jtfmoc tfit mw i fzcj rxmgj tic tfit mwcamoc ta rzt io}had} azt ae hzwmojww ax ìlj mt oat jgaoa`mginn} umihnj ta fiuj wfmxtwìdj azt ae tfmw rnigj ax sfitjujx/ Mt kzwt wjj`w ta `j tfit sj azcft ta hj jvrjgtmoc tfitae i gaxraxitmao/ M `jio. }az siot ta hj i caad gaxraxitj gmtm{jo. }az loas. iod }az ixjjvrnamtmoc gfjir nihax -- tfit mw sf} }az ixj camoc ta wa`j ae tfjwj rnigjw -- }az loas.}az azcft ta ìlj wzxj tfit tfj saxlrnigj mw wiej/ ]az azcft ta ìlj wzxj tfit tfjxjmwo#t tfmw wtzee camoc ao/

Iod. icimo. mo tfmw giwj fjxj. mt kzwt wjj`jd ta `j tfit jujo wa`jhad} sfa mw oat



59

tximojd. iw }az ixj. ta naal it tfjwj tfmocw saznd sinl isi} wi}moc. Ha}. tfjxj ixj natw ae rxahnj`w fjxj< sj azcft ta naal mota tfmw/

Wa. io}si}. M motjxxzrtjd }az/ Hzt tfmw mw kzwt lmod ae -- sfjo M xjid ihazt tfmw.tfit siw. }az loas -- M dao#t tfmol io}had} motjotmaoinn} siotw hid tfmocw ta firrjo/ Mt

mw kzwt tfit me }az ixj camoc ta da hzwmojww. }az azcft ta fiuj io ahnmcitmao ta tfj rjarnjtfit ixj ìlmoc tfj rxadzgt tfit }az ixj wjnnmoc/

@w/ @MWXI; M lmod ae smwf }az sjxj tfj gfimxìo ae Sinìxt. inwa/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; ]jif/

@w/ @MWXI; Wa }az wi} tfit. iod mt wjj`w nmlj ga`ào wjowj. hztzoeaxtzoitjn} -- M i` tx}moc ta hj omgj -- wa. zoeaxtzoitjn}. tfit mw oat tfj giwj/

M `jio. ioatfjx jvi`rnj. njt#w tinl ihazt Irrnj mo Gfmoi iod Eavgaoo/ M `jio.

tfjxj siw inn tfmw rzhnmgmt} niwt }jix ihazt eaxgjd nihax. eaxgjd aujxtm`j. jt gjtjxi. mo tfjmRid. iod tfjo kzwt niwt àotf sj fjixd àxj xjraxtw ae eaxgjd wtzdjot nihax hjmoc zwjd taìlj tfj ojs mRid `mom ax sfitjujx mt mw ginnjd/ M `jio. tfjxj siw inn tfmw rzhnmgmt}.Irrnj fid ta xjwraod. tfj ENI cat mouanujd/ ]az saznd tfmol tfit tfmw ittjotmao sazndfiuj ìdj gfiocjw. iod }jt kzwt niwt àotf sj fjixd ae àxj giwjw ae eaxgjd nihax camocao mo Gfmoi iod Eavgaoo/ Iod wa. zoeaxtzoitjn}. tfit dajwo#t wjj` ta hj joazcf/

M tfmol aoj ae tfj exzwtxitmaow tfit sj gaotmozj ta fiuj mw tfit rjarnj gaotmozj ta rxaàtj gadjw ae gaodzgt iw tfj wanztmao/ Iod mt mw oat tfj wanztmao hjgizwj tfj} ixj oatjoeaxgjihnj `jgfiomw`w/ Sj ojjd ta emczxj azt si}w ta emod joeaxgjihnj `jgfiomw`w/

Ioatfjx tfmoc tfit M saznd kzwt ramot azt. iod M wimd tfmw jixnmjx. mw tfj xanj ae MGJ/Iod sj fiuj i ujx} caad nis ao tfj haalw tfit wi}w rxadzgtw ìdj smtf eaxgjd nihax iodgfmnd nihax giooat ga`j mota tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. iod }jt mt mw joeaxgjd ujx} nmttnj hjgizwj mtmw ujx} fixd xmcft oas eax MGJ ta rxauj tfit giwj/ Iod sj ojjd ta emczxj azt si}w.sfjtfjx mt mw tfxazcf xjcznitmao ax atfjx si}w. eax MGJ ta hj ihnj ta da tfit i nmttnj hmtàxj jiwmn}/ Hjgizwj M tfmol aogj tfjwj ga`riomjw wtixt oat hjmoc innasjd ta hxmoc tfjwj rxadzgtw mota tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. tfit smnn ìlj i hmc dmeejxjogj/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Tfiol }az/ M dao#t loas sfjtfjx. @w/ Jnnmwao. da }az fiujio}tfmoc ta idd ta io} ae tfmw1

@w/ JNNMWAO; M saznd kzwt xjinn} wi} tfit mt mw motjxjwtmoc fas `zgf wa`j ae tfjtfj`jw tfit fiuj hjjo ximwjd h} `} gannjiczjw tfit ixj aggzxxmoc mo atfjx gazotxmjw xjinn}ixj wa`j ae tfj wi`j tfmocw tfit sj ixj wjjmoc mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw/ Mt ì} oat hj ta tfjwi`j. }az loas. wticcjxmoc jvtjot mo inn rnigjw. hzt wa`j ae tfj wi`j tfmocw xjinn} dajvmwt/ Iod wa M tfmol naalmoc it mt motjxoitmaoinn} iod cnahinn} mw xjinn} tfj xmcft si} taca/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Sjnn. njt `j kzwt iwl }az. wmogj }az fiuj }azx `mgxarfaoj ao



58

fjxj/ M `jio. Z/W/ gaxraxitmaow. }az loas. ixj mo ìo} si}w mouanujd. sfjtfjx zosmttmocn} ax oat. mo eigmnmtitmoc tfj rxigtmgj ae eaxgjd nihax iod txieemglmoc/ Hzt tfjwjga`riomjw ixj aetjo oat fjnd iggazotihnj eax àomtaxmoc tfjmx wzrrn} gfimow mo eaxjmcogazotxmjw ta jowzxj tfit tfj} ixj exjj ae tfjwj ihzwmuj rxigtmgjw/

M i` kzwt tx}moc ta emczxj azt. sfit si}w gio tfj Z/W/ Caujxo`jot mogxjiwj njciniggazotihmnmt} ae tfjwj ga`riomjw. iod fas gio tfjwj ga`riomjw m`rxauj tfjmx aso rxigtmgjw ta iuamd hjmoc m`rnmgitjd mo tfjwj fzìo xmcftw ihzwjw1

@w/ JNNMWAO; Xmcft/ Sjnn. M da tfmol tfit -- tfiol }az eax tfit yzjwtmao -- M datfmol tfit sj fiuj wa`j caad àdjnw ta naal it/

Iw ìo} ae }az rxahihn} loas. tfj Ginmeaxomi Wzrrn} Gfimo Txiowrixjog} Igtfiw hjjo mo rnigj oas. iod tfit fiw hjjo hjcmoomoc ta tilj fand/ Tfjxj ixj hiwmginn}nis}jxw tfit ixj oas hjcmoomoc ta fjnr ga`riomjw mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw tfit ixj damoc hzwmojww hatf fjxj iod jnwjsfjxj ta naal it tfjmx wzrrn} gfimow iod ta hjga`j àxj

iggazotihnj/

Sj da fiuj njcmwnitmao rjodmoc fjxj mo Gaocxjww tfit mw wraowaxjd h}Gaocxjwwsaìo @inaoj}. tfj Wzrrn} Gfimo Txiowrixjog} Igt. F/X/ 83:=. tfit mw rjodmoc oas/ Iod tfit mw wa`jtfmoc tfit M tfmol saznd jujo jvtjod sfit Ginmeaxomi fiwdaoj iod ìlj mt i Ejdjxin nis tfit saznd irrn} ta inn ga`riomjw iod M tfmol ca i naocsi} ta fiuj ga`riomjw loas tfit tfj} wfaznd hj iggazotihnj/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; M siot ta iwl i hzogf ae yzjwtmaow fjxj ta jigf ae }azmodmumdzinn}/ Iod mt mw camoc ta wazod nmlj M i` lmod ae kzwt wfaatmoc tfmocw it }az. hztsj fiuj ta hj azt ae fjxj h} 4;22. wa M siot ta ìlj wzxj tfit M cjt wa`j ae tfjwjyzjwtmaow mo. me tfit mw ali} smtf }az/Iod. h} tfj si}. njt `j wi} hjeaxj M hjcmo. }az loas. me }az fiuj wrjgmemg wzccjwtmaow.}az loas. ae tfmocw tfit sj gio da njcmwnitmujn} ax tfmocw tfit sj gio da mo tjx`w ae. }azloas. rxjwwzxmoc azx caujxo`jot ax atfjx caujxo`jotw -- }az loas. ì}hj @x/ Lixi#wwzccjwtmao mw igtzinn} oat i hid aoj. tfit mo tfj wfaxt tjx`. hjgizwj mt gaznd tilj i sfmnjta cjt tfj` ta wtar. }az ì} siot ta tilj i Gaocxjwwìo ax tsa azt ta wa`j ae tfjwj rnigjw sfjxj tfjwj ihzwjw ixj aggzxxmoc. jwrjgminn} me. mo eigt. Z/W/ gaxraxitmaow ixj hz}moc tfmocw exa` tfjxj/ ]az loas. tfit ì} hj aoj si} ta lmod ae rzt i nmttnj rxjwwzxjao ta lmod ae gnjio tfmocw zr/ Wa. }az loas. sj azcft ta tfmol ihazt tfit. iw sjnn/Hzt. }az loas. sfjo }az njiuj fjxj. M farj tfit tfj gannihaxitmao smtf tfmw ga``mwwmaodajwo#t jod tfjxj/ Tfjxj ixj i nat ae zw sfa siot ta hj fjnrezn fjxj iod insi}w ixj tx}mocta emczxj azt si}w tfit sj gaznd lmod ae iduiogj tfj gizwj/

Hzt. @x/ Lixi. njt `j iwl }az i yzjwtmao fjxj/ Da`jwtmg njcmwnitmao. wzgf iw tfjHaodjd Nihazx W}wtj` &Ihanmtmao Igt ae 9==8 iod tfj Rilmwtiom rjoin gadj. fiuj rxaujo mojeejgtmuj mo gzxtimnmoc tfj haodjd nihax w}wtj` mo Rilmwtio. sfmgf w}wtjìtmginn}jowniujw rxmìxmn} raax Fmodzw. Gfxmwtmiow. iod atfjx xjnmcmazw `moaxmtmjw mo xzxin Wmodfiod Rzokih/ @axjaujx. nagin caujxo`jot aeemgminw iod nis joeaxgj`jot fiuj hjjozogaarjxitmuj mo jodmoc tfj rxigtmgj iod wjgzxmoc tfj xjnjiwj ae haodjd nihaxjxw/



57

Wa. cmujo tfj jotxjogf`jot ae tfj w}wtj` mo xzxin Rilmwtio. sfit wrjgmemg njcinxjeax`w wfaznd tfj Rilmwtiom Caujxo`jot zodjxtilj it tfj oitmaoin iod rxaumogmin njujnwta xjwtximo tfj rxigtmgj1 Iod sfit xanj gio iod wfaznd tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw rni} mo wzgf ixjeax` jeeaxt1

@x/ LIXI; Sjnn. }az dmdo#t cmuj `j io jiw} aoj/

Tfj wmtzitmao mo Rilmwtio mw djjrn} txazhnmoc/ Tfjxj ixj eigtaxw tfjxj tfit ixjwm`mnix ta Modmi. Ojrin. Hiocnidjwf exa` i djht haodicj wtiodramot/ Rilmwtio dajw fiuji haodjd nihax ihanmtmao nis. 9==8. àdjnjd ietjx Modmi#w 9=35 igt/ Mo eigt. Ojrin inwafiw i nis tfj} riwwjd mo 8222/ Iod Hiocnidjwf wtmnn dajw oat fiuj i nis tfit jujoxjgacom{jw haodjd nihax/

]az ixj ihwanztjn} xmcft. mt mw ezodi`jotinn} `moaxmt} -- mo Rilmwtio. `moaxmt}Fmodzw iod Gfxmwtmiow sfa ixj ao tfj sxaoc jod ae tfjwj djht haodicj icxjj`jotw. iod

fiuj fmwtaxmginn} hjjo wa. iod ixj tfj aojw sfa M djwgxmhjd jixnmjx iw djwgxmhmoctfj`wjnujw iw hjmoc txidjd nmlj nmujwtagl. taxtzxjd mo rxmwaow. iod gizcft mo xjnjotnjwwg}gnjw ae haodjd nihax/

Wa sfit da sj da1 Tfjxj mw i nis. }jt tfj wmtzitmao rjxwmwtw/

M tfmol tfjxj fiw ta hj wa`j ujx} wtxaoc. fmcf-njujn dmrnaìtmg aztxjigf taRilmwtio exa` i fzìo xmcftw wtiodramot. gazrnjd smtf jgaoa`mg imd tfit rztw wa`jnjujxw fjxj. tfit jgaoa`mg imd fiw ta hjga`j gaotmocjot ao -- eztzxj jgaoa`mg imd -- aojnjuitmoc wa`j ae tfjwj fzìo xmcftw umanitmaow/ Iod haodjd nihax. mo rixtmgznix.jvrnamtitmao ae Fmodzw iod Gfxmwtmiow mo Wmodf rxaumogj iod Rzokih rxaumogj. fiw ta hj ittfj tar ae tfj nmwt/ M tfmol tfj txjit jot ae sa`jo fiw ta hj inwa ojix tfj tar ae tfj nmwtsfjo sj ixj tinlmoc ihazt Rilmwtio/

Tfjxj mw jodj`mg gaxxzrtmao iod iritf} mo tfjwj djjr xzxin ixjiw/ Zrrjx-giwtjcxazrw gaotxan tfj ranmtmgw. gaotxan nis joeaxgj`jot. gaotxan tfj kzdmgmix}. iod wa tfjxj mwujx} nmttnj xjgazxwj eax tfj rjarnj sfa ixj jvrnamtjd/ Wa sj fiuj ta ca mo iod ìlj wzxjtfjwj rjarnj fiuj i uamgj/ Me tfit `jiow aoj ax tsa Gaocxjww`jo ax tfjmx wtieejxwga`moc azt smtf wa`jaoj nmlj `j iod wjjmoc haodjd nihax iod tfjo wrjilmoc ihazt mt.tfit mw cmumoc tfj` i uamgj iod tfit irrnmjw rxjwwzxj/

M tfmol rxaumdmoc tigtmgin iw sjnn iw tjgfomgin iwwmwtiogj ta Rilmwtio ae fas da }azmdjotme} haodjd nihaxjxw. fas da }az rxawjgztj tfjwj giwjw -- }az da fiuj i nis -- iodfas da }az xj-j`rasjx tfjwj rjarnj wa tfit tfj g}gnj ae jvrnamtitmao mw hxaljo/ Iodtfit mw xj-j`rasjx`jot jnj`jot wtiodw txzj ae inn eax`w ae fzìo txieemglmoc. inn eax`wae gfmnd nihax. inn eax`w ae jvrnamtitmao/ Tfit mw tfj `mwwmoc jnj`jot exa` tfj wtiodramotae tfj cnahin xjwraowj ta tfmw mwwzj/

@io} àxj wrjgmemg mdjiw M gaznd wfixj smtf }az ax }azx wtieejxw ietjxsixdwumw-â-umw tfmw mwwzj/



54

@x/ @GCAUJXO; M saznd irrxjgmitj tfit/

@x/ LIXI; Aoj yzmgl tfmoc M siotjd ta idd ta tfj gaxraxitj mwwzj iod tfjwzrrn} gfimow/ Sj fiuj ta ìlj tfj xjinmt} wzgf tfit i ga`rio} nmlj Irrnj fiw ta wrjod

iw `zgf tm`j djejodmoc icimowt gnim`w umw-â-umw nihax jvrnamtitmao iw tfj} da djejod tfjmx ritjotw icimowt Wi`wzoc/ M `jio. xmcft oas tfit hiniogj mw kzwt oat tfjxj/ Wa tfj} fiujta hj wrjodmoc iw `zgf tm`j ao nihax mwwzjw iw tfj} ixj ao tfjmx ritjotw/

Iod. emoinn}. mt mw oat wzeemgmjot ta kzwt ìlj wzxj tfj wzrrn} gfimo mw gnjio. hzt me azx ga`riomjw ixj camoc ta hjojemt exa` tfj nihax joumxao`jotw ao tfj eix wmdj ae tfjsaxnd. sfawj nas sicjw ixj aetjo dxmujo h} raujxt} iod i nigl ae intjxoitmuj. M tfmol sjfiuj io ahnmcitmao -- iod M saznd nmlj ta wjj tfmw mo tfj xjiztfaxm{itmao ax mo i eztzxj nis-- eax tfawj gazotxmjw ta inwa moujwt mo tfawj ga``zomtmjw. ta rxaumdj jdzgitmao iodgnatfmoc iod `jdmgin gixj eax gfmndxjo. eax sa`jo. wa tfit wnasn} hzt wzxjn} sj ixj oanaocjx wazxgmoc nihax ixazod tfj saxnd mo joumxao`jotw ae raujxt}. hzt tfjxj mw i

ga``zomt} tfit gio hjojemt iod inwa joka} tfj exzmtw ae tfj cnahin jgaoa`} iw `zgf iwsj da iw gaowz`jxw fjxj mo tfj Sjwt/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Tfiol }az ujx} zgf/ Dx/ @ittix. njt `j iwl }az i yzjwtmao/Txieemglmoc mo rjxwaow irrjixw ta hj i wmcomemgiot rxahnj` mo inn tfj Czne àoixgf} wtitjw.iw }az `jotmaojd/ Mo tfj Wtitj Djrixt`jot 8298 Txieemglmoc mo Rjxwaow xjraxt. oaoj ae tfj wmv wtitjw mo tfj Czne Gaarjxitmao Gazogmn ixj xioljd ihauj Tmjx 8/ Tsa ae tfjwjgazotxmjw. Lzsimt iod Wizdm Ixihmi. ixj mo Tmjx 7. sfmgf mw tfj saxwt njujn/

Sfit mw tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw damoc ta iwwmwt iod jogazxicj m`rxaujd rjxeaxìogj aotfj rixt Czne wtitjw ta m`rxauj txieemglmoc mo rjxwaow1 Iod sf} da }az tfmol tfj Czne wtitjw fiw wzgf raax xjgaxdw mo ga`hitmoc txieemglmoc mo rjxwaow1

@x/ @ITTIX; Tfmw mw xjinn} io jvgjnnjot yzjwtmao/ Iod me }az tilj i naal it tfjTMR xjraxt iod iwl tfj yzjwtmao. fas ixj sj damoc mo tfj Czne wtitjw iod mo tfj Ixihsaxnd mo cjojxin. }az ì} gaognzdj tfit sj ixj damoc ujx} raaxn}/ Sfjo M wi} (sj.( M`jio tfj Ixih caujxo`jotw/

Oaoj ae tfj Ixih wtitjw ixj nmwtjd mo Tmjx 9/ Ojujx firrjojd. jvgjrt tsmgj;@axagga aoj tm`j siw ao Tmjx 9. iod Zomtjd Ixih J`mxitjw siw ao Tmjx 9 mo aoj ae tfjwj}jixw/ Hzt me }az tilj i naal it tfj 98-}jix xjgaxd ae tfj TMR xjraxt. oaoj ae tfj Ixihgazotxmjw ixj ao Tmjx 9/ Tfmw mw xjinn} wa`jtfmoc tfit sj ixj wtzd}moc/

Inwa. mo tfmw niwt xjraxt. aon} wmv gazotxmjw ixj ao Tmjx 8/ Sf} da }az fiuj wjujogazotxmjw ao Tmjx 8 sitgf nmwt iod wjujo atfjx gazotxmjw ao Tmjx 71 Mt `jiow tfit me }azidd 3 iod 3. inàwt 94 gazotxmjw ixj jmtfjx ao Tmjx 8 sitgf nmwt ax ao Tmjx 7/ Wa tfjyzjwtmao mw. sf}1

Mo tfmw rixt ae tfj saxnd. ìo} ae tfjwj gazotxmjw xjn} ao eaxjmco nihax. iod tfj}da oat rxaumdj tfj wi`j rxatjgtmaow. nihax rxatjgtmaow. ta i eaxjmco nihaxjx iw tfj}



5:

rxaumdj ta tfjmx oitmaoinw/ Wa tfmw mw oz`hjx aoj/ Tfmw fiw ta gfiocj/ Tfmw ranmg} ae dmwgxm`moitmao icimowt eaxjmco nihax `zwt ca isi}/

Wjgaod. me }az tilj i naal it tfj njcmwnitmuj àuj`jot mo tfjwj gazotxmjw.jwrjgminn} mo tfj Czne wtitjw. tfjxj ixj nisw/ Iod M `jotmaojd tfit sj fiuj 97 ae tfj`

zotmn oas/ Tfjwj ixj inn ojs/ Tfj} ixj wtixtmoc ta m`rnj`jot tfjwj nisw/ Wa`j ae tfj` M hjnmjuj ixj caad nisw/

M xj`j`hjx ixtmgnj 85 ae tfj Jc}rtmio nis ao fzìo txieemglmoc rxaumdmoc eax tfjjwtihnmwf`jot ae i wtitj ezod/ Wa sj ixj tx}moc fjxj ta ga`rjowitj umgtm`w iod fjnrumgtm`w/ Hzt sfjxj mw tfj wtitj ezod1 Sfjo siw mt gxjitjd1 Mw mt ezogtmaomoc1 Tfit mw tfjyzjwtmao/

M xj`j`hjx ixtmgnj = ae tfj W}xmio nis/ Mt rxaumdjw eax tfj nmihmnmt} ae tfjgzwta`jx/ Iod M xjinn} wzrraxt camoc ietjx djìod iod ietjx tfj gzwta`jx/ Hzt tfjyzjwtmao. ixj sj rxawjgztmoc io} gzwta`jxw sfjo tfj} ixj mouanujd mo wjv txieemglmoc1 M

dmd oat wjj io} giwjw tfit mouanujd rxawjgztmao ae djìod/ Mo eigt. me }az tilj i naal it rxawjgztmaow mo tfmw rixt ae tfj saxnd. tfjxj ixj kzwt ujx} ejs ae tfj`/ Iwmdj exa` rjxfirw Jc}rt. Kaxdio. Zomtjd Ixih J`mxitjw. fixdn} io} atfjx Ixih gazotx} rxawjgztjwgiwjw ae fzìo txieemglmoc/

Inwa. azx irrxaigf ta umgtm`w/ Mo ìo} Ixih gazotxmjw. sj wtmnn txjit tfjtxieemgljd rjxwao iw i gxm`moin/ Wa sj ixxjwt i umgtm` ae txieemglmoc. sj irrxjfjod fjx.iod sj rzt fjx hjfmod hixw mowtjid ae mdjotme}moc fjx iw i umgtm` iod i umgtm` tfit mwjotmtnjd ta hiwmg fzìo xmcftw/ Icimo. tfmw gzntzxj fiw ta gfiocj/

Wa tfjxj mw oa xjinn} jiw} iowsjx ta fas gio sj gfiocj tfj xjgaxd/ Sfit mw tfjZ/W/ damoc1 M tfmol tfj Z/W/ mw damoc i caad kah/ M iwljd i yzjwtmao wjujxin tm`jw/ Me }aztilj i naal it tfj njcmwnitmuj àuj`jot iod me }az tilj i naal it tfj mowtmtztmaoin gfiocjwmo wa`j ae tfjwj gazotxmjw iod iwl tfj yzjwtmao. sf} mw tfmw firrjomoc. M gio ìlj iwtitj`jot oas tfit tfmw mw firrjomoc hjgizwj ae tfj Z/W/ ranmg}/ M tfmol tfj Z/W/ ranmg} mwsaxlmoc/ M tfmol tfj TMR xjraxt mw saxlmoc/ Wa`j ae tfjwj gazotxmjw ixj àumoc wnasn}exa` Tmjx 8 sitgf nmwt ta Tmjx 8/ Wa`j ae tfjwj gazotxmjw ixj inwa àumoc exa` Tmjx 7 taTmjx 8 sitgf nmwt/

Njt#w gaotmozj tfj Z/W/ gaowtxzgtmuj jocicj`jot ranmg}. iod farjeznn} tfmocw smnngfiocj/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Tfiol }az/

@w/ @mwxi. dzxmoc Rxjwmdjot Ahiì#w xjgjot txmr ta Hzxì. fj wmcojd ioicxjj`jot smtf tfj Rxjwmdjot ae Hzxì ta m`rnj`jot tfj Motjxoitmaoin Nihax Axciom{itmao rnio ta jnm`moitj eaxgjd nihax/ Fas `mcft tfj xj-j`jxcjogj ae ix`jdgaoenmgt mo rixtw ae Hzxì. rixtmgznixn} mo tfj Ligfmo iod Xilfmoj wtitjw. ieejgt eaxgjdnihax txjodw mo Waztfjiwt Iwmi1 Iod sfit gio tfj Z/W/ da ta fjnr m`rnj`jot tfmw rnio1Iod fas wfaznd tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw iod atfjx cxazrw. wzgf iw tfj Iwwagmitmao ae Waztfjiwt



55

Iwmio Oitmaow. iddxjww tfj mwwzj1

@w/ @MWXI; Tfiol }az. @x/ Gfimxìo/ M i` igtzinn} oat azx jvrjxt ao Hzxì.wa M i` camoc ta iowsjx }azx yzjwtmao hzt M saznd nmlj. me sj gaznd. aee nmoj rnjiwj ‗

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Wzxj/

@w/ @MWXI; -- hxmoc mo azx rjarnj sfa ixj jvrjxtw/ Iod. igtzinn}. azx xjcmaoin rxacxi` dmxjgtax eax Iwmi mw ao fmw si} ao i rnioj xmcft oas ta Hzxì. iod wa M loas fjsaznd fiuj hjttjx iowsjxw ta }azx yzjwtmao/

I gazrnj tfmocw ao tfit/ Aoj. sfjo Hzxì wtixtjd arjomoc zr ietjx tfjarraxtzomtmjw tfit fiuj ixmwjo. sj fjixd tfit tfj MNA siw cmumoc Hzxì 7 }jixw taiddxjww tfjmx eaxgjd nihax rxahnj`. iod sj sjxj i nmttnj tiljo ihigl h} tfit/ ]az loas.eaxgjd nihax mw i fzcj rxahnj`. hzt mt mw. mo wa`j si}w. jiwmn} mdjotmemjd/ Iod 7 }jixw. tazw. wjj`jd nmlj si} taa naoc ta cmuj tfj` io arraxtzomt} ta iddxjww tfj mwwzj/

Inwa. ao tfj xanj ae IWJIO. iw M `jotmaojd. M saxljd mo azx aeemgj mo Modaojwmieax ìo} }jixw. iod. zoeaxtzoitjn}. IWJIO fiwo#t hjjo iw `zgf ae i njidmoc uamgj iw sjsaznd nmlj ta wjj ao mwwzjw ae fzìo xmcftw mo cjojxin hzt fzìo txieemglmoc iod eaxgjdnihax mo rixtmgznix/ Tfj} dmdo#t rzwf ujx} fixd ao Hzxì ao tfjmx eaxgjd nihax mwwzjw ax tfj mwwzjw tfit sj sjxj wjjmoc ao jvrnamtitmao ae Hzx`jwj `mcxiot saxljxw. eax jvi`rnj.mo Tfimniod/ Iod wa. sfmnj tfj xanj ae IWJIO mw xjinn} m`raxtiot. M tfmol tfit iw `zgf iwtfj Z/W/ gio da ta rzwf tfj` ta àuj i nmttnj hmt eiwtjx iod ezxtfjx ao tfawj mwwzjw saznd hj ujx} m`raxtiot/

M `jio. icimo. tfj mwwzj ae ix`jd gaoenmgt mw ujx} txazhnmoc/ Iod M tfmol M i`camoc ta njiuj tfit ta ‗

@x/ @GCAUJXO; M naal eaxsixd ta cjttmoc tfj xjraxt sfjo fj cjtw higl/

@w/ @MWXI; Gio M kzwt iddxjww aoj tfmoc hjeaxj sj àuj ao1

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Wzxj. }jw. ihwanztjn}/

@w/ @MWXI; @ix} `jotmaojd tfj Ginmeaxomi wzrrn} gfimo igt tfit sjot mota nisao Kiozix} 9wt/ Iod @ix}#w axciom{itmao iod `moj ixj hatf rixt ae i gainmtmao ginnjd tfjInnmiogj ta Jod Wniujx} iod Txieemglmoc. ax ITJWT/ Mt mw i gainmtmao ae 98iotm-txieemglmoc axciom{itmaow/ Iod sj fiuj hjjo jocicmoc ao i rxakjgt ta naal it fasga`riomjw fiuj hjjo xjwraodmoc ta tfit nis. iod tfj} inn fiuj zr zotmn tfmw àotf taga`rn} smtf mt/ Iod. hiwmginn}. inn tfj} fiuj ta da mw ìlj rzhnmgn} isixj sfit tfj} ixjdamoc ta ga`hit eaxgjd nihax. xmcft1 Iod sj sjxj farmoc tfit sj gaznd emod i gazrnjàdjn ga`riomjw tfit tfjo sj saznd zwj ‗

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Xmcft/



53

@w/ @MWXI; -- ta jocicj smtf atfjxw/ Sj fiuj oat eazod i wmocnj aoj/ Iod tfjxjwraowj ta tfj nis fiw hjjo dmwìn/ Tfj tfmocw tfit rjarnj ixj rzttmoc ao tfjmx Sjhwmtjw ta wi} tfj} fiuj ga`rnmjd smtf mt. sfit tfj} ixj damoc ta jnm`moitj eaxgjd nihax. fiw hjjo ujx} sjil iod jvtxj`jn} dmwirramotmoc/

Iod wa M kzwt siotjd ta ramot tfit azt. hjgizwj sfmnj mt mw io m`raxtiot emxwt wtjr. Mtfmol -- iod sj ixj jocicmoc smtf tfj ittaxoj} cjojxin#w aeemgj mo Ginmeaxomi ta tx} ta rzwftfj` ta rzwf ga`riomjw ta xjwraod hjttjx ta mt. hzt mt fiw hjjo ujx} saxx}moc/

M inwa kzwt siotjd ta `jotmao. @x/ Lixi `jotmaojd ga`riomjw moujwtmoc moga``zomtmjw/ Sfjo tfj} da tfit. it tfj wi`j tm`j M farj tfit sj gaznd rzwf tfj` ta ri}i nmumoc sicj/ Aoj ae `} exzwtxitmaow mw tfit }az smnn wjj ga`riomjw ca mo iod dagaxraxitj wagmin xjwraowmhmnmt} sfjxj tfj} hzmnd i wgfaan ax i fawrmtin sfmnj. it tfj wi`jtm`j. tfj} ixj oat ri}moc aujxtm`j ax i `mom`z` sicj ta tfjmx saxljxw/ Me }az igtzinn} ri} saxljxw i nmumoc sicj. tfit saznd ca i naoc si}. M tfmol. mo jnm`moitmoc raujxt} taa/

Iod tfjo kzwt tfj niwt tsa ramotw/ M i` waxx}/

Ao Rilmwtio iod haodjd nihax. sj fiuj io aeemgj. inwa. mo Rilmwtio. iod azx rjxwao tfjxj wi}w tfit fj fiw i ci`j-gfiocjx ao tfj mwwzj ae haodjd nihax/ Iod sjfiujo#t emczxjd azt fas ta da mt }jt. wa M siot ta rxjwjot mt/

Aoj ae tfj tfmocw tfit sj fiuj wjjo. ioatfjx gannjiczj ae azxw exa` ITJWT wimdtfit. mo Iecfiomwtio. me }az siot ta hzmnd tfj Saxnd Hiol ax tfj Z/W/ Caujxo`jot mw hzmndmoc wa`j waxt ae hzmndmoc. mt mw xjinn} m`rawwmhnj ta hzmnd mt smtf hxmglw tfit ixjo#tìdj smtf haodjd nihax/ Tfj wi`j mw txzj mo ìo} rixtw ae Rilmwtio. Modmi/ Iod wa aojae tfj ci`j-gfiocjxw tfit azx rjxwao mo Rilmwtio wi}w mw sj ojjd ta emczxj azt i si} tfittfj Z/W/ Caujxo`jot. tfj Saxnd Hiol. iod atfjxw ixj wazxgmoc ta hzmnd wa`j waxt ae moexiwtxzgtzxj rxakjgt -- sj fiuj ta emczxj azt i si} ta hj ihnj ta hzmnd tfit smtfazt haodjd nihax/ Iod me tfj} emod i si} ta da tfit. tfit smnn hj fzcj/

Iod tfjo kzwt ao tfj CGG gazotxmjw. aoj ae tfj tfmocw tfit sj wjj -- sj inwa fiujio aeemgj mo Dafi. Yitix. iod aoj ae tfj tfmocw tfit sj wjj tfit tfj} da i nat mw tfj} hni`jtfj axmcmo gazotxmjw eax tfj rxahnj`w/ Tfj} wi} tfj djht haodicj firrjow mo Modaojwmi.tfj djht haodicj firrjow mo Ojrin/ Hzt tfj rasjx xjinn} mw smtf tfj Yitixm Caujxo`jot.smtf tfj Lzsimtm Caujxo`jot. tfj ZIJ/ Me tfj} tand tfjwj axmcmo gazotxmjw tfit }az fidta hj hjttjx ihazt djht haodicj nihax xjgxzmtjx mwwzjw. tfj} saznd da mt. hjgizwj tfj}siot ta wjod tfjmx saxljxw ta tfj CGG/ Iod tfj} ixj oat damoc tfit xmcft oas/ Iod watfj tfmoc tfit M siw wi}moc jixnmjx ihazt `zntmnitjxin icxjj`jotw iod rzwfmoc tfit. M tfmol tfit saznd hj ujx} m`raxtiot/

Iod tfjo kzwt tfj niwt saxd ao tfmw iod M smnn wtar mw tfit tfj Saxnd Gzr. iw M wimd. rxjwjotjd io arraxtzomt}. hzt sj ixj wjjmoc tfit xjinn} tfj njujxicj ramotw mo tfj CGG ixjinn ihazt xjrztitmao. tfit tfjwj caujxo`jotw xjinn} siot ta hj wjjo iw motjxoitmaoindjwtmoitmaow. tazxmwt djwtmoitmaow. jt gjtjxi/ Iod h} oi`moc iod wfi`moc. gfiocjw ixj hjmoc ìdj mo tfawj gazotxmjw/ Iod tfit wfaznd gaotmozj/



56

Tfiol }az/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Oa. oa. M irrxjgmitj tfit. iod M i` camoc ta iwl @w/ Jnnmwao iyzjwtmao tfit M smnn iwl inn ae }az ta xjwraod ta mt hjgizwj sj ixj xzoomoc azt ae tm`j fjxj.

zoeaxtzoitjn}. hjgizwj tfmw fiw hjjo i xjinn} jvgjnnjot riojn/

Hjeaxj M iwl tfj yzjwtmao. njt `j kzwt lmod ae xjmtjxitj sfit M wimd hjeaxj/ M tfmol sj ixj motjxjwtjd mo emodmoc si}w. }az loas. ta iduiogj tfj gizwj fjxj. iod tfjxj ixjwa`j tfmocw tfit ixj daihnj yzmgln}. iod tfjxj ixj wa`j tfmocw tfit ixj camoc ta tilj wa`jtm`j/ M kzwt siot ta ìlj wzxj it tfj ujx} `mom`z` sj ixj damoc tfj daihnj iod emodmocsi}w ta lmod ae jnjuitj tfmw mwwzj. wa tfjxj ì} hj. }az loas. tfjxj ì} hj -- iod sj ixjdamoc i fjixmoc tadi}. hzt M `jio. tfjxj ixj arraxtzomtmjw eax hxmjemocw/ Tfjxj ixjarraxtzomtmjw icimo eax zw ta. }az loas. rxjwwzxj azx caujxo`jot iod atfjx caujxo`jotw.}az loas. iw gizwjw. iw mwwzjw ì} ixmwj< M farj tfit }az smnn ginn tfj wtiee. }az smnn ginn`j. }az smnn jocicj mo tfmw hjgizwj. M `jio. tfmw mw i fzcj rxahnj`. iod icimo. }az loas

fas mt saxlw fjxj hjgizwj }az inn ixj ei`mnmix smtf tfj si} Siwfmoctao mw. }az loas/Rjarnj kzwt cjt ahwjwwjd smtf i tfazwiod dmeejxjot tfmocw jujx} di}. iod iw i xjwznt. i natae tm`jw xjinn} m`raxtiot mwwzjw einn tfxazcf tfj gxiglw. iod M fiuj nmwtjojd ta tfj -- sfmgf hxmocw `j ta `} emoin yzjwtmao. nmwtjomoc ta tfj i`hiwwidax wrjil iod nmwtjomoc ta inn tfjmogxjdmhnj saxl fj iod fmw wtiee ixj damoc smtf ujx} nmttnj xjwazxgjw. }az loas. njujxicmocae i xjnitmujn} wìnn iàzot ta da io isezn nat. sfmgf M smwf M gaznd siuj i siod iodjvriod fmw hzdcjt/ M gio#t da tfit. zoeaxtzoitjn}/ Sj smnn tx}. hzt gio#t czixiotjj tfit.sfmgf hxmocw `j higl ta tfjwj tfmocw tfit sj tinljd ihazt hjeaxj/

M `jio. }az loas. fas da }az. }az loas. sfjtfjx mt mw hxmocmoc @j`hjxw ae Gaocxjww ta rnigjw sfjxj nihax mw hjmoc jvrnamtjd. }az loas. iod djìodmoc tfit Z/W/ga`riomjw idfjxj ta i hjttjx gadj. sfmgf M tfmol mw i xjiwaoihnj iwl/ M smnn tjnn }az eax `}wjne iw i gaowz`jx. M nmlj ta hz} tfmocw exa` rjarnj sfa txjit atfjx rjarnj sjnn/ ]azloas. M smnn ri} i nmttnj hmt àxj eax i rxadzgt me M loas mt mw. }az loas -- M `jio. Minsi}w hz} eimx txidj gaeejj hjgizwj M fiuj wjjo rnigjw sfjxj saxljxw ao gaeejj rniotitmaow mo Nitmo I`jxmgi fiuj hjjo jvrnamtjd/ ]az loas. tfawj ixj tfmocw tfit ixjm`raxtiot ta `j iw i gaowz`jx/ Wa M dao#t tfmol mt mw ojgjwwixmn} i hzxdjo ao hzwmojww tada tfj xmcft tfmoc/ Mo eigt. M tfmol mt iljw mt àxj nmljn} tfit rjarnj siot ta wzrraxt tfit hzwmojww/

Wa tfmw mw lmod ae io ahnmcitax} yzjwtmao hjgizwj sj ixj sfjxj sj ixj. hzt tfjTxieemglmoc Umgtm` Rxatjgtmao Igt fiw jvrmxjd wmogj tfj emxwt tm`j wmogj mtw riwwicj mo8222/ Me tfj hmnn mw oat xjiztfaxm{jd. tfjxj mw i xmwl ae wzhwtiotmin naww ae ezodmoc ojvt}jix. iod M czjww M siot ta wtixt smtf }az. @w/ Jnnmwao. iod ca daso. }az loas. sfit ixjtfj ratjotmin gaowjyzjogjw ae oat xjiztfaxm{moc tfmw hmnn. M `jio. oat aon} mo tjx`w ae ezodmoc hzt sfit mt wi}w ta tfj saxnd mo tjx`w ae azx ga``mt`jot ao tfmw mwwzj1

@w/ JNNMWAO; ]az gazndo#t fiuj wimd mt hjttjx }azxwjne. tfit tfmw mw i `jwwicjtfit sj wjod ta tfj jotmxj saxnd tfit fzìo txieemglmoc iod àdjxo di} wniujx} mw iwmcomemgiot rxahnj`/ Mt mw i fzìo xmcftw umanitmao/ Mt mw i fjmoazw gxm`j. iod tfit sj



5=

`zwt gaotmozj ta iddxjww mt/ Iod tfj hjwt si} tfit sj eazod ta iddxjww mt ixazod tfjsaxnd mw tfxazcf tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Igt/ Mt wjtw zr tfj jotmxj exi`jsaxl eax iddxjwwmoc mt fjxj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw iod ixazod tfj saxnd/ Me sj dao#t xjiztfaxm{jmt. mt saznd hj nmlj innasmoc tfj 97tf I`jod`jot ta nirwj/ Mt mw tfit wjxmazw/ Mt mw azx àdjxo di} m`rnj`jotitmao ae tfj 97tf I`jod`jot. iod wa mt mw jvtxj`jn} wjxmazw/

Ao i rxigtmgin njujn. mt `jiow tfit iztfaxm{itmaow iod ezodmoc. }az loas. ixj mo kjarixd}. iod sj ojjd ta zwj tfawj ezodw ta arjxitj tfmocw nmlj tfj oitmaoin fatnmoj ta rxaumdj umgtm` wjxumgjw eax umgtm`w fjxj mo tfj Zomtjd Wtitjw. ta ezod tfj cxjit saxl ae tfjWtitj Djrixt`jot mo inn gazotxmjw ixazod tfj saxnd. ta gaotmozj ta rzhnmwf tfj TMR xjraxt.sfmgf ahumazwn} ximwjw tfj hix eax inn tfj gazotxmjw ixazod tfj saxnd ta loas tfit tfj} ixj hjmoc fjnd ta iggazot/ Wa mt saznd hj djuiwtitmoc ta oat xjiztfaxm{j tfmw nis/

@x/ @GCAUJXO Tfiol }az/ @w/ @mwxi/

@w/ @MWXI; M saznd kzwt icxjj smtf @ix} iod tfj wtitj`jot }az ìdj. @x/

Gfimxìo< mt siw jvtxj`jn} dmwirramotmoc ta zw tfit wmogj 8222. tfj TURXI fiw hjjoxjiztfaxm{jd ao i hmrixtmwio hiwmw. iod mt mw kzwt tfmw }jix tfit mt fiw hjjo gizcft zr mowa`j rixtmwio mwwzjw iod dmd oat cjt xjiztfaxm{jd mo tm`j/

M tfmol eax tfj Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx#w saxl. aoj ae tfj tfmocw sj da mo saxlmoc smtfcaujxo`jot iod gmumn wagmjt} aujxwjiw mw zwj tfj Z/W/ iw i àdjn iw `zgf iw sj gio. iodsfjo sj ixj rzwfmoc eax nisw iod m`rnj`jotitmao mo atfjx gazotxmjw iod sj dao#t fiujtfit fjxj. tfit mw xjinn} damoc i fzcj dmwwjxumgj/

Kzwt tfj niwt tfmoc M saznd wi} mw. mo tfj TURXI. mt fiw ga`j mo iod azt/ Tfjxjfiuj hjjo rxaumwmaow tfit ittjwt iod Wanmdixmt} Gjotjx fiuj hjjo iduagitmoc eax aoxjcznitmoc eaxjmco nihax xjgxzmtjxw/ Tjo }jixw ica. }az ojujx saznd fiuj fid tfit/ Sjfiuj ga`j i naoc si} mo zodjxwtiodmoc fas xjcznitmoc eaxjmco nihax xjgxzmtjxw mw kzwtxjinn} m`raxtiot. hzt zoeaxtzoitjn}. wa`jtm`jw M tfmol rjarnj wjj mt kzwt iw io m``mcxitmaomwwzj iod oat iw i txieemglmoc mwwzj/ Iod mt xjinn}. xjinn} mw. wa M saznd kzwt siot ta idd inmttnj wa`jtfmoc ta }azx yzjwtmao iod wi}. me tfj TURXI. sfjo farjeznn} tfj TURXI mwxjiztfaxm{jd. M farj tfit tfj eaxjmco nihax xjgxzmtjx rxaumwmaow smnn hj xjgaowmdjxjd hjgizwj M tfmol mt mw aoj ae tfj ìkax mwwzjw sj ojjd ta djin smtf mo rxjujotmoc fzìotxieemglmoc/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Sjnn. me mt ga`jw ta tfj Xznjw Ga``mttjj. M i` ao tfj XznjwGa``mttjj. farjeznn} sj smnn fiuj io arraxtzomt} ta aeejx i`jod`jotw me mt ga`jw tfitsi}/ Dx/ @ittix/

@x/ @ITTIX; M saznd wi} djemomtjn} sj ojjd tfj ojs xjiztfaxm{itmao. hzt oataon} eax rzxrawjw ae ezodmoc/ Ta `j. tfj Txieemglmoc Umgtm`w Rxatjgtmao Igt wjxujw iw icaad àdjn ae fas gio sj fiuj tfj saxl ta rxjujot fzìo txieemglmoc iod ljjr saxlmocao tfmw nis ta rxaumdj àxj rxatjgtmaow iod ta jvriod sfit sj gaowmdjx iw fzìotxieemglmoc/



32

Tfmw nis siw idartjd higl mo Agtahjx 86. 8222. iod xjiztfaxm{jd tfxjj tm`jw.8227. 822:. 8226. iod jujx} tm`j sj xjiztfaxm{jd tfj igt. sj rxaumdjd i àdjn ta dasaxl ao fas gio }az wtxjoctfjo rxatjgtmaow cmujo ta umgtm`w ae txieemglmoc/ Sfjo sjemxwt wtixtjd. sj dmd oat innas umgtm`w ae txieemglmoc ta emnj i gmumn igtmao iwlmoc eax ga`rjowitmao/ Tfmw gfiocjd mo 8227. iod tfjo. mo 822:. sj tand tfj saxnd oas sj fiuj

ojs `mom`z` wtiodixdw ta jnm`moitj fzìo txieemglmoc. iod sj ixj camoc ta idd atfjx wtiodixdw. nmlj gfmnd wjv tazxmw`. eax jvi`rnj/ Mt siw oat i rixt ae tfj axmcmoin igt/ Tfmwmw fas M naal it tfj xjiztfaxm{itmao/ M naal it mt oat iw i si} ae gaotmozmoc ezodmoc. iodsj fiuj ta ezod tfjwj jeeaxtw ta rxjujot fzìo txieemglmoc. hzt ta wjxuj iw i àdjn aofas gio sj jvriod nmihmnmt} iod fas gio sj wtxjoctfjo rxatjgtmaow tfit ixj cmujo taumgtm`w ae txieemglmoc/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; @x/ Lixi/

@x/ LIXI; Ujx} hxmjen}/ Me sj eimn ta xjiztfaxm{j tfj TURI. sj ixj wjodmoc tfj`jwwicj tfit tfj Z/W/ iod tfj saxnd mw arjo eax hzwmojww eax fzìo txieemgljxw. rnimo iod

wm`rnj/ M fiuj wraljo ta txieemgljxw. iod tfj} fiuj tand `j smtf wa`j rxmdj. iod rjarnjsfa jvrnamt eaxgjd nihax. sj fiuj àxj smnn iod djdmgitmao tfio azx arraojotw da/ M`jio. tfmw mw fas tfj} wjj mt/ Iod eimnzxj ta xjiztfaxm{j rxaujw tfj` xmcft/ Tfj} smnnsimt zw azt iod fiuj àxj smnn iod djdmgitmao tfio sj da/

Oz`hjx tfxjj. eimnzxj smnn xjwznt mo wa`j oz`hjx ae rjarnj sfa sazndo#t fiuj hjjo txieemgljd iod jvrnamtjd hjmoc txieemgljd iod jvrnamtjd. iod emoinn}. sfjo mt mwemoinn} xjiztfaxm{jd it wa`j eztzxj ramot mo tm`j. farjeznn} waaojx xitfjx tfio nitjx. sjsmnn tfjo hj wrjodmoc }jixw rni}moc gitgf zr eax tfj tm`j sj nawt/

@x/ @GCAUJXO; Sjnn. njt `j tfiol inn ae }az/ Tfmw fiw hjjo i eiwgmoitmoc riojn/ M xjinn} irrxjgmitj tfj moeaxìtmao }az rxaumdjd zw. iod }az fiuj cmujo zw i nat tatfmol ihazt. iod icimo M smnn xjmtjxitj `} aeejx. sfmgf mw me }az fiuj mdjiw ae tfmocw tfitsj gio da. rnjiwj njt zw loas. iod sj naal eaxsixd ta saxlmoc smtf }az. iod icimo tfiol }az eax inn ae }azx saxl mo tfmw emjnd/ Irrxjgmitj mt/ Tfiol }az/

\Sfjxjzrao. it 4;28 r/`/. tfj Ga``mwwmao siw idkazxojd/P





































































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